Diseases or Disorders of the heart valves 1

							   THE HEART

   I. Introduction
      A. Hematology
      B. The Circulatory System
         1. Transporting system
         2. Protection
         3. Maintaince system
   II. The Heart
      A. Size,. Location, Orientatin, and oCoverings
         1. Pericardial cavity and mediastinum
          2. Pericardium, epicardium, visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum 3. Pericarditis
      B. The wall of the heart
          1. Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium (pappillary muscles)
      C. Atria (left and rightr)
          1. auricles
          2. pectinate muscles
          3. fossa ovalix and the foramen ovate
          4. Superior and inferior vena cavae, coronary sinus, pulmonary veins
      D. Ventricles
          1. trabeculae carnea, papillary muscles
          2. pulmonary trunk, aorta, intratriallinterventricular septum
 III. Pathway of Blood through the Heart
      A. Pulmonary Loop
      B. Systemic loop
IV. Heart Valves
          A. Cuspid valves (also called the atrioventricular or AV valves)
               1. bicuspid/mitral valve
               2. tricuspid valve
               3. chrodae tendineae
          B. Semi-lunar Valves (SL valves)
          C. Diseases or Disorders of the heart valves
               1. valvular insufficiency
               2. Mitral stenosis
      V. Blood Supply to the Heart Muscles (Coronary Circulation)
          A. Descending vs. Ascending branches
          B. Left vs. Right Coronary arteries
 VI. Conduction System
      A. Sinoatrial (SA) node
      B. Atrioventricular (A V) node (interatrial septum)
      C. Atrioventricular Bundles I Bundles of His (interventricular septum)
      D. Purkinje fibers
      E. Impulse Conduction System
 VII. The Heart Story
 VIII. Physiology of the Heart
BLOOD VESSELS

   I. Blood vessels
     A. Structure of (tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia)
     B. Arteries
         1. Structure of
         2. Types of (elastic, muscular, arterioles)
     C. Veins
         1. Structure of
         2. Types of (venules, venous sinuses)
     D. Capillaries
         1. Structure of
         2. Types of (continous, fenestrated, sinusoidal)
II. Layers of (endothelium, muscle layer, outer layer)
III. Abnormalities (arteriosclerosis, aneurism, varicose veins, phlE
IV. Circulation
         1. Factors that affect
         2. Blood pressure
                  a. maintaining
                  b. measuring
                      i. direct method
                     ii. Indirect method
           iii. Steps of
3. Diastole vs. Systole
4. Pathogenic variations (hypertension, hypotension)
5. Pulse