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Transition to Digital Broadcasting
and introduction of mobile service in
790-862 MHz Band
French experience
Jean-Jacques GUITOT
ANFR
Digital Broadcasting and Digital Dividend
Nairobi, Kenya, 29-30 November 2011
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 1
Introduction
• Broadcasting service is a public good
– Transition from analogue to digital needs to be organised in order to avoid disruption for
citizens
– End of the protection of analogue reception
• GE-06 Agreement (2015 for UHF and June 2020 for VHF in Africa, GE-06 Article 12)
• The development of broadband mobile requires more spectrum
– Avoid digital divide, especially in rural areas
– Bring high data rate to each citizens
• The switch-off of analogue TV allows for introducing new services and
applications, and offers opportunities to introduce broadband band mobile on a
large scale for Region 1
– Digital dividend for mobile service could be create at the end of the analogue switch-off in 790-
862 MHz Band
– LTE standard is in time with the analogue switch-off
• Harmonisation and sharing frequency bands are on going
– in ITU WRC-07; WRC-11; ITU-R Study groups and Working parties
– at national levels
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 2
Description of the legal
organisation in France
• Before GE-06 Agreement, authorisation and launch of 5
DVB-T Multiplexes
– simulcast of existing and new programmes and
– with existing analogue TV transmitters (without discontinuity)
• After GE-06 Agreement
– The DVB-T switch-over and the analogue TV switch-off and,
– introduction of Digital Dividend for mobile service
• The importance of a legal organisation to manage in time
the transition from analogue to digital TV and the
digitalisation of the UHF Band
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 3
Before GE-06, June 2006
• Existing situation before GE-06, June 2006
– In VHF, an existing national analogue network
– In UHF,
• 4 existing national analogue networks, complementary stations of VHF
network
• and 5 existing Digital networks with limited coverage planned within Chester
97 Agreement
• May 2006, set up of the Comité stratégique pour le numérique
(CSN) to lead the migration to Digital and to make the switch-
off
– Chaired by the Primer Minister
– to coordinate and direct national efforts on the development of digital
terrestrial broadcasting, analogue switch-off and digital dividend
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 4
Institutional Organization
Prime Minister Secrétaire d’Etat - Parliament
development of digital Strategic Committee for
economy Digital (CSN)
Committee for Digital
Dividend
Minister of Culture Minister in charge of Other ministers CSA ARCEP
and Communication Electronic
communications
Direction of medias Direction for
entreprises
Comité stratégique pour le numérique : aiming at preparing governmental decisions
concering DTT deployment, Digital dividend
(Décret 2006-502 du 3 mai 2006 downloadable from http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr)
ANFR
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 5
After GE-06, June 2006
• 2007, The Broadcasting Act, Law about the future of Digital Terrestrial Television
decided :
– Analogue switch-off is to be completed on 30 November 2011 at the latest and for 95%
of the population to be covered at this date;
– The frequencies released by terrestrial analogue TV broadcasting switch-off are subject
of a transfer by the Prime Minister to the administrations, to the Broadcasting Authority
(CSA) and/or to the Regulatory Authority for electronic communications and Post
(ARCEP), within the framework of a national plan of re-use of the released frequencies.
The law states that « This plan aims at favouring the diversification of the offers of services,
improving overall the territory the digital coverage and the equitable access to the
electronic communications networks and developing the efficiency of the
radiocommunication access of public utilities and the optimal management of the radio
frequency spectrum asset»;
– A Committee for the digital dividend (four members of the Parliament and four members of
the Senate) is established to provide recommendations for the establishment of this Plan
after public consultation.
– Sep up of a Public-private partnership GIE France Télé Numérique for the co-
ordination for the digital switch-over and the analogue switch-off and for managing
the special funds reserved to help low revenue households to get DTT equipments or to get
the continuity of TNT reception (over satellite reception or ADSL).
• France Télé Numérique (F.T.N.) (www.tousaunumerique.fr/) groups State ( 50 %), historical broadcasters: France
Télévisions (15 %), TF1 (10 %), Canal+ (10 %), M6 (10 %), Arte France (5 %).
• Its assgnment : to inform the viewer, to explain procedures, to assist technically, to help financially.
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 6
Switch-off roadmap
March 2005 Launch of DTT (“TNT”) : 35 % of the population
May 2006 “Comité stratégique pour le numérique”
March 2007 Law “Television du futur”
April 2007 Creation of the “GIP France Télé numérique”
Co-ordinate analogue switch off
Responsible for funds reserved to help low
revenue households to get DTT equipments
October 2008
to 1st switch-off; experimental trial
February 2009 National
communication
22 December
National plan for the analogue switchover and the analogue And
2008 switch-off and the use of the Digital Dividend is published : Local
information
region by region between January 2010 and November 2011
towards people
concerned with
End of 2011 Switch-off completed : > 95% population Switch-off
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 7
Three inter-related targets
• Extension of digital TV
– Coverage of 95% of the population before analogue switch-off
– Additional multiplex (HDTV, mobile TV, “bonus” channels) to the 5 MUX used for introduction of
DTV.
– Provides conditions for the provision of additional local and national digital programs
• Analogue switch-off
– Switch off before 30 November 2011
– Final DTTB plan to be decided by the Prime Minister
• with targets : % of population to be covered and number of MUX to be broadcasted
• Taking into account GE-06 allotments and re-planning in the DD Band
– Detailed plan for progressive switch off (area per area) should be published by the broadcasting
authority (CSA) 9 months before its realization
– Set up the joint public-private partnership (France télé numérique) to organise analogue switch off
communication and assistance activities
• Digital dividend
– National scheme for the reutilization of frequencies made free by the analogue switch off to be
decided by the Prime minister after consultation of an ad-hoc parliamentary commission on the
digital dividend (currently done with the allocation of 790-862 MHz band at the end of 2008)
– The majority of the digital dividend is to be attributed to broadcasting
– Preparation of the modification of the National Table of Frequency Allocation
– Relocation of existing incumbent
– Re-planning GE-06 Allotments in the DD Band
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 8
Extension of the Digital TV
Coverage of the
Coverage of the
population population
2006 (Departments)
(National average)
EndFin 2011
of 2009
Fin 2011 92% 85%
of 2011
EndFin2010
Fin 2011 93% 89%
Fin 2011
EndFin2011
of 2011 95% 91%
With the following constraints
- to offer the 5 MUX in the same time in an area
- no disruption of TV analogue service
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 9
Costs for DVB-T switch-over
• The authorized programmes editors are in charge of the
deployments of their networks
• When there is a need to modify a frequency assignment of
analogue TV, a specific fund (FRS/Fund for relocation of
frequency spectrum) is used, the FRS is refunded by
contributions from authorised digital TV editors
• 1450 modifications of analogue TV frequency assignments
(total of 56,5 M€ and an average of 15 500 € for the
transmitting stations and average of 5,6 € per habitant
living in the concerned areas)
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 10
The switch-over and switch-off Plan :
region by region
1/ Basse-Normandie
3/ Champagne
2/ Lorraine
3/ Brittany - Ardennes
1/ Alsace
Franche
2/Pays-de-Loire
-Comté
Last area to be switch-off
at 29 November 2011
http://www.tousaunumerique.fr/ou-et-quand/
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 11
The switch-off costs
• In France, Terrestrial TV has a high penetration rate (60,2% for the main
receiver in households)
• General costs:
– Planning, frequency co-ordinations, organisation of meeting: the Budget of Agency
(State)
• Extra-Costs for the transition Analogue TV to DVB-T and introduction of
Mobile service
– Modification of analogue TV frequency assignments in order to introduce
DVB-T
– Modification of digital TV frequency assignments
• Costs for the side of TV viewers
– Communication to the public : organized by GIE France Telé Numérique
– Set up box or integrated digital receiver : for the TV viewers,
• With helps for assisted people
• With help for retuning and modification of antenna in case of modification of
frequency assignments
• With helps to be equipped with alternative TV reception mode in case of lost
of terrestrial TV coverage
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 12
Communication
• The crucial information appears when the date of analogue the switch-off is
decided
– One task of the GIE France Télé Numérique (http://www.tousaunumerique.fr)
– Information of the viewers to be equipped with set-up-boxes or integrated digital TV
– When there are modifications of TV receiving conditions (modifications of RF channels,
direction of receiving antennas
• The information is done by
– A general information at the national level
– Advertisement at the regional level
– Insertion of a message in TV channels
– letters
– Web (www.tousaunumerique.fr)
• The budget is financed
– Partly by State and partly by analogue broadcasters
– When FAN is used, state budget
– After the switch-off, if a digital TV frequency assignment needs to be modified, digital editors
take in charge the communication.
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 13
Case of lost of coverage
• A spécific fund is used: FAN/Fund for accompyning the
Digitalisation
• When introducing DVB-T a modification of an assignment of
analogue TV is needed in relation with coordinations at the
borders:
– Due to a interference or a reduction of covergae
– Due to a new positioning of the receivingr antennna or
requiring an alternative mode of reception (based on a
thechnology neutral choice: satellite, ADSL, cable)
– No conditions of minimum incomes
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 14
Social helps
• 100 000 helps :
– For digital adaptation (€25)
• Digital set-up box, integrated digital TV o other equipment
• Based on income conditions
– For the adaptation of the receiving antenna (€120)
• adjusting, direction, replace the existing antenna
• Based on income conditions
• Also valid for collective antennas
• 160 000 help for retuning TV receivers (old people > 70 years)
– example: contract for service with Post Office after a training of postmen
• See http://www.tousaunumerique.fr for detailed information
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 15
Results
• Viewers perceive :
– Better quality of image and sound
– More programs and services
– HD TV
– More opportunity for the diversity
• Support of viewers to the DVB-T more than we
would hope
– Quick take up of digital TV : 17 millions of integrated
digital TV (HD flat sceen)and 10 millions of sept-up
boxes sold since 2005 for 27 millions of households
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 16
Result of the TV Transition
Analogue
broadcasting Digital
LOCAL
R1 CHANNEL In 2008
/
R2
Mobile TV
R3
R4 Calendar still
to be defined
R5
R6 More local TV
Since 2007
MPEG-4 (paid channel)
MPEG-4 (HD free channel)
MPEG-2 (paid channel)
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 17
Next steps
• Implementation of 2 multiplex (R7 and R8)
– Call for tender for 6 HD programme
(http://www.csa.fr/actualite/decisions/decisions_detail.php?id=134508s)
• Migration in all HD
• Thoughts about a migration to DVB-T2
– Trial in Rennes
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 18
Annex : Scheme of Broadcasting authorisation of
Digital Terrestrial Television
Conseil supérieur de l’audiovisuel
authorizes,
and gives authorizes and gives
the right to use the possibility to use registration
the frequencies the frequencies
in the name of the service channels
Service channels
joinly propose
an operator of
multiplex
Service
channels multiplex Technical Commercial
Operator broadcaster distributor
– Free to Air
– Pay TV
Contract
in the name of
service channels
For pay TV
Distribution
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 19
Digital Dividend for Mobile Service
• Increase of traffic over mobile networks
– new applications requiring high date rates :
mobile PC connected to data base, high volume
of data, internet connections, video, …
– with low latency
• A demand of frequency bands for Mobile
service needs
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 20
A view of Frequency bands
for Mobile Service in Europe
More coverage More capacity
Frequency
Plans
2x60 MHz 200 MHz
FDD 2x70 MHz FDD +
2x30 MHz 2x75 MHz (20+15 MHz 1x50 MHz TDD 200 MHz
2x35 MHz (or FDD DL)
FDD FDD TDD)
FDD
800 MHz 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2,1 GHz 2,6GHz 3,4 – 3,8GHz
Systems
GSM UMTS FDD WiMAX
GSM
GPRS HPSA + FDD
GPRS
EDGE
EDGE
implementation
Systems under
UMTS, HSPA
LTE FDD (LTE TDD)
Systems
LTE FDD WiMAX TDD
Future
TDD DL (WiMAX)
DL only IMT Advanced
LTE FDD UMTS, HSPA,
(WiMAX) November-1 December 2011
Nairobi, 29 LTE
21
Interest of
790-862 MHz Band
• Implementation of networks for very hight data rate
Mobile Services
– LTE standard in time with the analogue switch-off
• Importance of the country coverage, including rural
coverages
– over 99% of the population
• Help to fight against digital divide,
– a major issue in France, it has been introduced by
in the Telecom Act
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 22
Decisions at UIT level
• Frequency allocation (WRC-07)
– 790-862 MHz allocated in to Mobile Service, identified for IMT
– Coompatibility with ARNS in Est Europa for WRC-12
– 698-790 MHz allocated in to Mobile Service, identified for IMT in
la Region 2 and 3, identified for IMT in Region 2 and some
countries in Region 3
– WRC-15 will try to increase these types of allocations
• IMT: ITU Standards
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 23
23
Harmonisation in 700/800 MHz Bands
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 24
Source: MED, New Zealand
Implementation of the identified bands
for mobile technologies
• Activation is not self-acting; it needs:
– Regional cooperation regional and or decisions on
coordination
– Decisions on allocation of spectrum at the national level
– Frequency coordination y planning between
neighbouring countries
– Take into account existing licences
– Proceed to licensing
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 25
Importance of a regional harmonisation in
790-862 MHz band in order to avoid
interferences
(Example of interferences on the mobile service in France from Broadcasting
transmitters in the neighbouring countries)
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 26 26
European Harmonized Plan
• CEPT has chosen a preferential distribution of the FDD harmonized plan
• A TDD scheme is mentioned but only when an administration can not use
the FDD plan
• Optimized FDD Plan for:
– The ability of the band (2x30 MHz)
– The protection of broadcasting in the adjacent band
– The cost of the terminals
Characteritics
– guard band of 1 MHz from broadcast band
– central band of 11 MHz
– Transmissions of base stations in the lower part
790-
791-796 796- 801 801-806 806- 811 811-816 816- 821 821- 832 832- 837 837- 842 842- 847 847- 852 852- 857 857- 862
791
Guard D uplex
Downlink Uplink
band gap
1 MHz 30 MHz (6 blocks of 5 MHz) 11 MHz 30 MHz (6 blocks of 5 MHz)
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 27 27
Other harmonised conditions
• « BEM » (Block Edge Mask) of the BTS for the protection
– Of the other mobile networks
– Of the broadcasting reception below 790 MHz
• Limitation of unwanted emissions of
terminals under 790 MHz
• Members states could limit the power
(usually in the range 56 dBm / 5 MHz to 64
dBm / 5 MHz)
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 28 28
Frequency Plan under study in case of a
second digital dividend
Frequency Plan in CEPT and in Asia ( APT/AWF) :
Commun implementation of the 2 Plans :
2 x ( 2 x 30 MHz)
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 29 29
Digital Dividend
• The current status of the digital dividend in
Europe
– Commission Recommendation of 28 October 2009
facilitating the release of the digital dividend in the European
Union (2009/848/EC)
– Commission Decision of May 2010 on “harmonised
technical conditions of use in the 790-862 MHz frequency
bands for terrestrial systems capable of providing electronic
communications services in the European Union”
(2010/267/EU)
– The analogue switch-off is done in many countries or
planned for 2012 and 2013 in other countries
– EC members are replanning ch61 to ch69 assignments
within 470-790 MHz Band
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 30
Difficulties
• Re-planing of some frequencies of GE-06
Agreement to be discussed between
countries
• Incumbents in 790-862 MHz
– Broadcasting service : existing analogue TV,
new DTT broadcasters in some countries
– microphones
– Military uses
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 31
Experience of
French Administration
• In the 790-862 MHz Band
– Incumbents : Defence (Terrestrial land mobile) and analogue Broadcasting
– GE-06 Allotments planned
• What we have done?
– Organisation of formal consultations, including studies for modifications
– Modification of the National Table (12/2008)
– Relocation of Defence systems in other bands, with the help of the Relocation
Funds
– Re-plan GE-06 allotments when implementing the Digital TV Plan
(conducted with CSA)
• Modification of initial requirements and use SFN techniques when implementing networks
• Taking into account assignments (antenna pattern, power, antenna high) required when
implementing for the fixed roof top antenna reception coverage
• Alternative channels require coordination with other surrounding administrations
• accepting modifications of GE-06 entries involve additional investment costs.
• Coordination meetings, bilateral and multilateral meetings, WEDDIP Group
– CEPT Report 29 “Guideline on cross border coordination issues between mobile
services in one country and broadcasting services in another country
http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/CEPTREP029.PDF
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 32
Mobile service authorisation
process
• 4G Authorisation process is under the resposability of the
independant authority for regulation of
telecommunications : ARCEP
• Conditions have been published and the public tender for
790-862 MHz Band is on going, The date of submission of
applications is December 15, 2011.
• 4 licenses delivered for the 2.6 GHz Band, on 11 October
2011
• http://www.arcep.fr/index.php?id=8649
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 33
800 MHz in France
Attribution of 4 blocks of frequencies
Auction (15 December 2011)
with prices taking into account
protection of broadcasting on 790 MHz
2x15 MHz maximuml for a operator,
roaming obligation for an operator
of the 2.6 GHz band having
candidated in the 800 MHz band
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 34
Importance of coverage obligations
– Obligations of coverage for mobile high-speed (60 Mbit/s at 10
MHz) at the date of the authorisations (T):
• 98% population and at T +12 years
• 99.6 % population at T +15 years (800 MHz or other bands)
• 40% population in the prioritised areas at T +5 years and 90% at T
+10 years (exclusively in 800 MHz Band)
• 90% of each department in T0 +12 years (800 MHz or other bands)
with a criteria as 95% at T +15 ans
– Obligation of mutualisation in low dense rural communities
(“white areas”)
– Obligation to accept reasonable request in "priority areas" (63%
territory for 18% population) for the operators of 20 MHz below
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 21 septembre 2011 35
Obligations about TV protection
• Operators that will operate 790-862 MHz Band should take into
account the protection of TV against interferences created by their
networks (inserted in the authorisations)
• Imposed by the Finance law (tax)
• In a limit of 2 million Euros per year, all costs incurred by the ANFR
for the collection and processing of claims viewers related to
interference from stations in this frequency band.
• Once determined the amount of the contribution charged to the
assigned frequencies, this amount will be divided among them
according to the interference that may be caused by the use of blocks
frequencies allocated to them. This allocation rule (below) should
allow to take into account the greater or lesser likelihood of mobile
operators in participating in interference by frequency block assigned.
In addition, this allocation rule will not take into account the dates set
actual service of the various radio stations.
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 36
Compatibility between
Radiocommunication Services in a
shared band
and Television protection
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 37
Sharing issues
790
768- 774- 782- 791- 796- 801- 806- 811- 816- 832- 837- 842- 847- 852- 857-
- 821 - 832
774 782 790 796 801 806 811 816 821 837 842 847 852 857 862
791
Gu
ard Duplex
TV TV TV Downlink Uplink
ba gap
nd
1
CH.5 CH.6
CH.58 M 30 MHz (6 blocks of 5 MHz) 11 MHz 30 MHz (6 blocks of 5 MHz)
9 0
Hz
• 790-862 MHz (Ch61 to Ch 69) planned for Broadcasting Service in
GE-06
• Others Services in some countries
• 790-862 MHz DD for Mobile Service in European Union Countries
• Co-channel sharing : large distance for coordination between BS and
other services
• Adjacent channels compatibility between Mobile / Fixed services and
channels 60 and below
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 38
Adjacent channels : the technical issue
LTE TX
Channel 60+x
Wanted
DVB-T
transmitter
Channel 60
Maximum
acceptable
difference between
unwanted and
Wanted Interfering wanted signal
Field field field
strength strength strength
Service Area
Interference Area
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 Distance 39
Measurement in Laval
Canal 60 –Laval area Transmitter
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 40
An overview of the theoretical study
Simulation by 10 000 drawing lots 40 BTS
ERP=10kW; DTT cell radius : 52.4km
Blue: Interfering stations
Green: Interfered TV receivers
Complementary gap-fillers included
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 41
Possibles solutions for protection
of TV reception
• Inserting filters of LTE signal in the reception chain of the DVB-T
• Co-sitting LTE BTS and DVB-T transmitters or gap-filler transmitters
• Modification of the direction of the receiving antenna
• Use a antenna more directive
• Modification of the high of the BTS LTE antenna
• Atenuation of the DVB-T received signal
• Removal of amplifier devices in the DVB-T reception chain where not
needed
• Decrease the e.r.p of the LTE BTS
• Use an other type of TV reception (ADSL, satellite)
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 42
Broadcasting protection
• Work of ITU-R JTG 5-6 :
– Technical caracterics of different radiocommunication services
– Compatibility studies between Mobile service and other services
• ITU-R Study Group 6 :
– Reports and recommaandations
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 43
Studies done in France
• http://www.anfr.fr/fr/planification-international/etudes/compatibilite/bande-800-
MHz.html
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 44
Thank you
guitot@anfr.fr
Nairobi, 29 November-1 December 2011 45
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