GPS Research in the School of Geomatic Engineering

							Chris Rizoz:
 Chris Rizoz:


      Carrier Phase-Based GNSS:
          a university research agenda
                        Chris Rizos
  Satellite Navigation & Positioning (SNAP) Group, School of
            Surveying & Spatial Information Systems
    The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia




         Civil GPS Service Interface Committee Meeting
           10-11 February 2003, Melbourne, Australia
                    Overview


GPS  R&D: The Big Picture
University GPS Research Topics
The Australian Scene: CRC & NICTA
Directions in SNAP Research




            Civil GPS Service Committee Meeting
           10-11 February 2003, Melbourne, Victoria
 GPS: Space-Based Positioning
 System of Unequalled Versatility
• Geodetic technique -- accurate, low-cost, portable,
  massive ground infrastructure
• Surveying tool -- valuable addition to the surveyor's
  toolkit
• Navigation technology -- affordable, ubiquitous,
  impacting on all marine-air-land navigation practice
• Consumer electronics -- alter society's view of the
  world & influence the mobile services provided
  through wireless technologies
                                        First civilian GPS
                                       (geodetic) receivers,
                                           early 1980s




First Australian GPS control survey,
    state of South Australia 1985
  Evolution of the User Segment
 1980s: military,
  surveying & geodesy
 1990s: navigation users
 2000s: consumer
  electronics, LBS

 This has influenced the
     R&D trends…
    So what have the
 universities been doing?
Australian University GPS R&D (1)
 ‘Geodesy’ the primary driver since the mid-1980s
 Concentrated in depts of surveying/geomatics
 Algorithm development… CPH modelling &
  processing, AR, etc.
 Applications focus… geodynamics, reference
  frame, surveying, “kinematic”, etc.
 UNSW, CUT, UM, RMIT, USA, UT, UC, QUT


  Has uni R&D focus evolved with
        application trends?
Australian University GPS R&D (2)
 Largely CPH-based… PR techniques & apps
  have been shunned
 No hardware developments… EE skills lacking
 No navigation technology ‘research culture’…
  EE depts totally indifferent to GNSS R&D
 Industry dominated by SMEs… minor influence
  on university R&D
 Can university R&D capability adapt to new
  challenges?
 Convergence of
 Developments
 Wireless Communications
 Mobile Computing
 Mobile Positioning
 Spatial Database Servers



  Will the Uni R&D agenda
   reflect such mainstream
technologies/apps, or remain
    focused on niches???
  GPS: the “slow
  burn” technology
 At heart of convergence of
  crucial technologies:
  GPS the core technology
 Low-cost, high-performance of GPS
 GPS as infrastructure:
  a vital utility
 Next generation GNSS:
  modernized GPS, Galileo, etc.
 Massive potential for new
  products & services
GPS-Related Research Challenges (1)
   Deformation/Geodynamics:                          "Indirect" GPS:
    GPS HW/SW systems, coms issues,                    Bistatic radar imaging, multipath
    time series analysis, DInSAR/remote                analysis, ground & airborne systems,
    sensing, engineering apps, etc.                    remote sensing apps, etc.
   CGPS:                                             Long-Range Kinematic
    Base stn QC/ops, coms issues, web                  GPS:
    apps, scalability, servers, multi-                 Ocean buoy positioning, CGPS apps
    functionality, new services, non-                  over long distances, coms issues, etc.
    positioning apps, etc.
                                                      GPS/Glonass/Galileo:
   GPS Meteorology:                                   Observation modelling, new data
    Ionospheric & tropospheric studies,                processing algorithms, multi-
    ground & space-based, interaction                  frequency OTF-AR, QC, new apps,
    with NWM, etc.                                     receiver customisation, etc.



                            Civil GPS Service Committee Meeting
                           10-11 February 2003, Melbourne, Victoria
GPS-Related Research Challenges (2)
   Precise Navigation:                               Multi-Sensor Systems:
    New apps, coms link issues, new                    GPS+INS, LIDAR, CCD+, MEMS
    instrumentation, new algorithms, etc.              integration challenges.
   Hazard Monitoring:                                MSS Applications:
    Volcanoes, landslides, structural                  Mobile mapping, augmented reality,
    integrity, ground subsidence, which                robotics (guidance/control), etc.
    technology & processing strategies?
                                                      New Technologies:
   GNSS Augmentations:                                Pseudolites, receiver designs,
    WAAS, WADGPS, RADGPS, testing                      mobilephone positioning, WLAN, etc.
    & advice on implementation issues
                                                      Telegeoinformatics:
   GPS & Internet & Wireless:                         LBS, GIS, indoor positioning, apps
    Internet DGPS, RTK, processing                     issues, mobile devices & wireless
    engines, monitoring & control, etc.                coms.


                            Civil GPS Service Committee Meeting
                           10-11 February 2003, Melbourne, Victoria
          The Australian Scene
 GPS   expertise concentrated in surveying/geomatics
  depts., not EE.
 Applied/practical research is more valued by industry,
  but CPH-based research provides necessary challenges
  for academia.
 Australian GPS R&D is worldclass (although
  predominantly focused on CPH-based tech/apps).
 Cooperative Research Centre in Spatial Information
  (CRC-SI) to be established mid-2003.
 National ICT Centre-of-Excellence established 2002.
                     CRC-SI (1)
•   Industry, government & university consortium
•   To begin from mid-2003
•   Seven year funding >$4m(cash),$10m(inkind) p.a.
•   Focus on the science & applications of SI
•   Five research programs
•   Seven demonstrator projects
•   Commercialisation, advanced training & technology
    transfer from CRC to industry & government partners

First opportunity for university GNSS R&D
 agenda to be shaped by industry/users…
                 CRC-SI (2)
• SME consortium
• Public sector agencies: Geosciences Australia, DIGO,
  DITM, Land Victoria, DOLA, AgWest, etc.
• Universities: Univ. of Melbourne, UNSW, Curtin
  Univ., Charles Sturt Univ.
• Industry contributions: ESRI, Intergraph, Raytheon,
  and others
• Headquarters at Univ. of Melbourne
• Research programs headed by university
   researchers
• Demonstrators link research to
  integrated outcomes
                 CRC-SI (3)
• Integrated Positioning & Mapping Systems -
  Chris Rizos (UNSW)
• Metric Imagery as a Spatial Information Source -
  Clive Fraser (UM)
• Spatial Information System Design & Spatial
  Data Infrastructures - Ian Williamson (UM)
• Earth Observation for Renewable Natural
  Resource Management - Tony Milne (UNSW)
• Modelling & Visualisation for Spatial Decision
  Support - Ian Bishop (UM)
                      NICTA
 Recent  announcement by Federal Government of ICT
  ‘centre of excellence’ to NSW-ACT consortium.
 Universities: UNSW, ANU, Sydney Univ.
 UNSW is lead institution.
 Others: ACT, DITM, Lend Lease, ...
 $130m over 5 years (matched by other funds).
 >200 fulltime researchers & lots of graduate students.
 Dominated by EE, Telecom Eng. & Comp. Sci.
 Challenge: how to encourage R&D into SI Technology
  & Applications?
        Satellite Navigation and
       Positioning (SNAP) Group

 Located  within the School of Surveying & SIS,
  Faculty of Engineering, UNSW.
 Largest and most active academic GPS R&D
  group in Australia.
 Specialising in the theory, technology and
  applications of positioning using GPS and
  other navigation technologies.
            http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/snap
                Civil GPS Service Committee Meeting
               10-11 February 2003, Melbourne, Victoria
    Project Theme 1
Indonesian   volcano monitoring
Singapore building monitoring
Appin area subsidence monitoring
Mixed receiver networks
Integration of GPS & DInSAR
Tectonic & geomorphological
 interpretation of ground deformation
Meteorological studies
Time series analysis
   Project Theme 2
CPH-based   GPS/Glonass/ Galileo
 positioning
Stochastic modelling
Ambiguity resolution & validation
INS data modelling
PL data modelling & issues
Integration of GPS & INS & PL
Integration of navigation & image
 sensor systems, & associated HW issues
Kalman filtering algorithms/SW
   Project Theme 3
RTK-GPS,    single & network-based
Algorithms for kinematic positioning
Single-frequency algorithms
Pseudolite development
Receiver firmware customisation
Industrial applications of RTK
Coms link R&D, incl. Internet, WLAN
Software-defined receivers
Embedded processors & RTOS
GPS Development Kits
   Project Theme 4
GPS   & UNSW microsatellite
Indoor positioning options
UNSW demonstrators
GPS & mobilephone
 positioning
Mobile GIS-based projects
Augmented reality
WLAN & Bluetooth
 developments
New collaborations
                Current SNAP R&D
   GPS+InSAR deformation monitoring techniques
   SydNET network-based GPS infrastructure & apps
   Pseudolite(+ other sensors) technology & applications
   Receiver firmware customisation
   Low-cost CPH-based positioning systems
   High performance, CPH-based kinematic positioning systems
   Indoor positioning concepts & technologies
   Indirect GPS signals research
   Stochastic modelling & fundamental research



                    Civil GPS Service Committee Meeting
                   10-11 February 2003, Melbourne, Victoria
SydNET - Nine Site
      (15Km Radius)

QSQR (LPI)
PARR (LPI Parramatta)
SUTH (Sutherland)
HOXT (Liverpool)
CAMD (Camden)
PENR (Penrith)
WIND (Hawkesbury)
GALS (Hornsby)
MONA (Pittwater)




                         Civil GPS Service Committee Meeting
                        10-11 February 2003, Melbourne, Victoria
     Uni R&D… From Geodesy to
         Telegeoinformatics?
 GPS-only   algorithm research nearing the end, some
  new 'lease-of-life' from Galileo & modernized GPS.
 Industry wants solutions, hence core CPH competency
  must be preserved & made available for applications.
 Niche (precision) applications are still attractive, but
  will increasingly involve system or sensor integration.
 Telegeoinformatics applications cannot be ignored,
  being multi-disciplinary in nature, but more HW based.
 Days of ‘ivory tower’ R&D at unis are numbered,
  must seek strategic partnerships for mutual benefit.