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EE 319K – Introduction to
Embedded Systems
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 1
Today’s Agenda
• EXAM 3: MONDAY, AUGUST 13, 9-12,
ENS 145
• Exam 3 Review
• Introduction to EE 445L and EE345M
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 2
General Instructions
• Exam 3 will be similar in style to Exams 1 and 2
– approximately the same length and format
– you will have three hours if you need it
• Good things to study are
– all the lecture notes posted
– lab work
• It will be closed book
– you will need a calculator
• It will have short answer questions
– Conversions, definitions
• And longer questions involving assembly and C programming
– Local variables, FSM, interrupts, ADC input, DAC
• Any technical documents required will be provided
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 3
Quiz 3 Review
• Definitions (matching or multiple choice)
– volatile, nonvolatile, RAM, ROM, port
– static efficiency, dynamic efficiency
– structured program, call graph, data flow graph
– basis, nibble, precision, decimal digits
– fixed-point, overflow, ceiling and floor, drop out
– bus, address bus, data bus
– memory-mapped, I/O mapped
– bus cycle, Harvard architecture, pipelining
– tristate, open collector, ALU, D flip flop, registers
– device driver, CISC, RISC
– friendly, mask, toggle
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 4
Quiz 3 Review
• Number conversions - convert one
format to another
– decimal digits
– signed decimal e.g., -56
– unsigned decimal e.g., 200
– binary e.g., %11001000
– hexadecimal e.g., 0xC8
– IEEE 754 floating point
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 5
Quiz 3 Review
• Instruction detail and Cortex-M3 operation
– 8-bit addition, subtraction yielding result, N, Z, V, C
– operation of Thumbnail instructions
– components in address space
– subroutine linkage
– stack operations
• Switch and LED interfaces
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 6
Quiz 3 Review
• Simple programs
– create global variables
– specify an I/O pin is an input
– specify an I/O pin is an output
– clear an I/O output pin to zero
– set an I/O output pin to one
– toggle an I/O output pin
– check if an I/O input pin is high or low
– add, sub, shift left, shift right, and, or, eor
– subroutine linkage
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 7
Quiz 3 Review
• GPIO Ports
– friendly programming practices
– LED and switch interfacing
– bit-banding
• System Design
– Successive Refinement
– Stepwise Refinement
– Systematic Decomposition
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 8
Quiz 3 Review
• Phase-Lock-Loop
– external crystal
– system clock stability
• SysTick Timer
– initialization
– operational parameters
• period
– interrupt source
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 9
Quiz 3 Review
• Finite State Machines
– Moore and Mealy machine characteristics
– abstraction
– programming structures
• Local Variables
– types of storage
• stack, registers
• C programming
– casting and indirection
– storage type qualifiers
• const, static, volatile
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 10
Quiz 3 Review
• I/O Synchronization
– purpose
– types
• blind cycle, busy/wait, interrupt, DMA
• operation
– Liquid Crystal Display
– Device Driver
• purpose
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 11
Quiz 3 Review
• Interrupts
– initialization rituals
• software actions/what needs to be done
– interrupt service routines
• hardware operation
• thread context switch/what needs to be done
– debugging techniques
• FIFO queues
– operation
– programming
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 12
Quiz 3 Review
• Digital To Analog Converter (DAC)
– types
– operation
• Tone Generation
– discrete time sinusoid
– periodic interrupts
– timing requirements
• Ethics
– IEEE Code Of Ethics
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 13
Quiz 3 Review
• UART
– operation
– programming
• ADC
– operation
– programming
• Introduction to information security
• Introduction to fuzzy logic control
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 14
Introduction
to
EE 445L
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 15
Objectives of EE445L
• The primary objective of EE445L is for the students to develop the
ability to design microcomputer-based embedded systems. This
class allows students to learn microcomputer interfacing from both a
hardware and software perspective.
• Microcomputer Architecture (EE319K review)
An Introduction to the Microcomputer, Computer Architecture, The
1968 Instruction Set, 1968 Addressing Modes, 1968 Instructions,
Organization of the M68HC12, Notation for Block Diagrams,
MC9S12C32 I/O and Memory Organization, The Memory Map of the
MC9S12C32
• Programming Microprocessors (EE312, EE322C review)
Data Structures in C, Indexable Data Structures, Sequential Data
Structures, Writing Clear Programs in C, Documentation,
Programming Style, Subroutines and Arguments in C, Passing
Parameters (Conceptual Level), Passing Parameters
(Implementation Level), Calling and Returning Mechanisms, A
Blueprint for Writing Subroutines, Documentation
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 16
• Microcomputer Bus Interfaces
Digital Hardware, Modules and Signals, Drivers, Registers,
Timing equations, timing diagrams, Address decoding, PROM,
RAM interface
• Parallel and Serial Input-Output
Simple I/O Devices, Basic Input and Output Devices, Input-
Output Software, I/O Transfers and Buffered Input and Output,
Programmed Logic Control, Table and Linked List Interpreters,
Programmable Parallel Input-Output Devices, Problems with LSI
I/O and the Ritual, M1968 Single-Chip Parallel Input-Output
Registers, Indirect Input-Output, Synchronous Serial Input-
Output, Serial I/O Chips, Control of Serial I/O Chips Using a
Parallel Port, The LM3S1968 Serial Peripheral Interface
• Interrupts and Alternatives
Synchronization in I/O devices, Synchronization Principles of
I/O Devices, Synchronization Mechanisms for the 1968 Parallel
Ports, Slow Synchronization Mechanisms, Real-Time
Synchronization, Gadfly Synchronization, Single Interrupts,
Polled Interrupts, Vectored Interrupts, Vectored Interrupts in the
M1968
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 17
• Parallel Port Interfaces
Keyboards, Key Debouncing, Keyboard Scanning
Techniques, LED's and LCD's
• Communication Systems
Communications Principles, Signal Transmission,
UART Link Protocol, UART Transmission and Reception
by Software, Serial Communications Interface System in
the 1968
• Special Topics
About 1-2 weeks each semester will be allocated to
cover special state-of-the-art topics involving embedded
microcomputers and their applications.
• After the successful conclusion of EE445L students
should be able to design the hardware/software interface
for devices like LCD displays, motors, keyboards, analog
sensors and speakers.
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 18
EE 445L Grading policy
35% Laboratory
5% Unannounced pop quizzes, closed
book
5% Weekly multiple-choice online
homework
15% In class Quiz1, closed book
15% In class Quiz2, open text book
25% Final, closed/open book
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 19
EE445L Microprocessor
Applications and Organization
• Fixed-point conversion;
• Debugging with an oscilloscope and a logic analyzer;
• Design of an alarm clock and LCD I/O driver;
• Design of a real-time data acquisition system;
• Stepper motor interface;
• Design of a music player, DAC, data structure design;
• Memory interfacing and PCB layout (teams of 6);
• Design of a fixed-point calculator, device driver;
• Board-level design, construction and testing of a
complete embedded system
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 20
EE445L design
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 21
EE 445L Laboratories
• Lab 1. ASCII to fixed-point conversions
• Lab 2. Debugging, dump profile
• Lab 3. Alarm clock, LCD and RTI interrupts
• Lab 4. Temperature measurement, ADC, SCI (2
weeks)
• Lab 5. Stepper motor, output compare interrupts, finite
state machine
• Lab 6. Music player, DAC, SPI, audio amp
• Lab 7. Preliminary Design of 1968 Embedded System
with PCB layout
• Lab 8. ZigBee Communication
• Lab 9. Final Design, Construction and Evaluation of
1968 Embedded System
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 22
Embedded Systems
• Speech encoder/decoder in cell phones
• Audio decoder in MP3 players
• Audio compensator in a hearing aid
• Image/video encoder in digital still
cameras
• Anti-locking braking system
• Engine control system
• Navigation system in autonomous vehicle
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 23
Embedded Systems Area
• Which courses are most relevant & important?
EE 345M for embedded software
EE 360R for embedded hardware
• What are important technical challenges today?
Time-to-market; maximizing use of Moore’s law
Verification (does it work?); Integration (buy vs build)
• What industries/companies need these skills?
Any company making super high volume products
• How do I prepare for graduate school?
Take EE 360N Comp. Arch. and EE 360C Algorithms
Get involved in undergraduate research
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 24
Signal Processing Applications
• Embedded system demand: volume, volume, …
– 400 Million units/year: automobiles, PCs, cell phones
– 30 Million units/year: ADSL modems and printers
• Consumer electronics products
Product Average Annual
Unit Price Revenue
Wireless phone $136 $11.5 Billion
Digital cameras $271 $ 4.2 Billion
Portable CD players $ 48 $ 0.9 Billion
MP3 players $137 $ 0.7 Billion
Compact audio systems $111 $ 0.5 Billion
Source: CEA Market Research (US). Data for 2004 calendar year.
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 25
DSP Processor Market
• DSP chips: $22B revenue ‘05 DSP Processor Market
– DSP processors: 34.8% of market
• 17% annual growth predicted
Annual
for 2006-2012 8
7 Revenu
• 70% of market based in Texas 6
e
5
– DSP cores/FPGAs: rest of market 4 Billions of
Dollars
3
• Independent processor 2
1
benchmarking by industry 0
1999 2001 2003 2005
– Berkeley Design Technology 60
Share
Inc. http://www.bdti.com 50
TI
– Embedded Microprocessor 40
Freescale
Benchmark Consortium 30 Agere
Analog Dev
http://www.eembc.org 20 Philips
• FAQ http://www.bdti.com/faq 10 Other
0
2004 2005
Source: Forward Concepts
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 26
Advanced Lab
• EE321K Mixed Signals (DAC and ADC)
• EE440 Integrated Circuits (chip design)
• EE445L Embedded System (Interfacing)
• EE345S Digital Signal Process (math)
• EE362L Power (circuits, conversions)
• EE371C Wireless (communications)
• EE374L Biomedical (electronics, LabView)
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 27
For more information
• EE321K Mixed Signals (Davis)
• EE440 Integrated Circuits (Neikirk)
• EE445L Embedded System (Valvano)
• EE345S Digital Signal Process (Evans)
• EE362L Power (Grady)
• EE371C Wireless (Heath)
• EE374L Biomedical (Rylander, Pearce)
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 28
Embedded Systems
• Take three courses from the following list, including at
least one course from Group 1 and one course from
Group 2.
• Group 1: Embedded Hardware
• EE 360M Digital Systems Design Using VHDL
• EE 360R Computer-Aided Integrated Circuit Design
• Group 2: Embedded Software
• EE 445L Microprocessor Applications and Organization
• EE 345M Embedded and Real-Time Systems Laboratory
• EE 345S Real-Time Digital Signal Processing Laboratory
• EE 360P Concurrent and Distributed Systems
• At Large Courses in Embedded Systems
• EE 360N Computer Architecture
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 29
Embedded Systems Area
Digital Logic Introduction to
Design Microcontrollers
(EE 316 | FS) (EE 319K | FS)
Microcontroller Digital Computer
Applications and System Design Architecture Algorithms
Interfacing (EE 360M | F)
Electives
(EE 445L | FS) (EE 360N | FS) (EE 360C | FS)
Real-Time Computer-Aided
and Embedded IC Design
Systems
(EE 345M | S) (EE 360R | FS)
Real-Time
DSP
Laboratory Concurrent and
(EE 345S | FS) Distributed
Systems
(EE 360P | S)
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 30
EE345M Embedded and Real-
Time Systems Lab
• Design of a solid state disk, paged EEPROM memory
interface, file system, layered software design;
• Data acquisition design, analog filter, digital filter,
spectrum analyzer;
• Design of real-time distributed data acquisition
implementing a controller area network (CAN);
• Real-time operating system, threads, memory
management, blocking semaphores, queues;
• Robot competition (DC motors, servo motor, battery
circuits, ultrasonic sensors, optical sensors, IR sensors,
game strategy, leadership, design) (teams of 4-6)
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 31
EE345M Robot
Competition
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 32
EE345S Real-Time Digital
Signal Processing Laboratory
• digital signal processing: signals, sampling,
filtering, quantization, oversampling, noise
shaping, and data converters.
• digital communications: Analog/digital
modulation, analog/digital demodulation, pulse
shaping, pseudo-noise sequences, ADSL
transceivers, and wireless LAN transceivers.
• digital signal processor architectures: Harvard
architecture, special addressing modes, parallel
instructions, pipelining, real-time programming,
and modern digital signal processor
architectures.
EE 319K - Summer 2012 - Bill Bard - w.bard@mail.utexas.edu 33
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