The Cold War Deepens

							The Cold War Deepens




        14.2
               Today’s Agenda
• Begin 14.2
• Presentations
  Homework
  – Read 14.2
  – Be ready for a
    reading quiz
              Let’s Review
• What is Containment?
• What did Churchill mean by “iron
  curtain”?
• What is the Truman Doctrine?
• What was the Marshall Plan?
• What is Wirtschaftswunder?
   What is this political cartoon
suggesting about the Soviet Union?
       Why was Berlin a major point of
        contention in the Cold War?
• Berlin was divided into Zones
   – Was within Soviet
     controlled Germany
   – Resented democratic
     outpost
• Soviets tried to force all
  Berliners to use their currency
  in June 1948
• Blockaded the city and shut
  off power
• 2 million West Berliners held
  hostage
   – Running out of food, water,
     medicine
  How did Truman deal with the Crisis in
               Berlin?
His Options:
• Order troops to break through
   – Risk starting WWIII
• Give it up to Stalin
   – Domino Effect
• “We are going to stay- period.”
• Took advantage of air
  corridors and started an airlift
  of needed supplies
   – Flew milk, food, etc. for 11
     months
   – Landed every 11 minutes
• Results
   – Raised American status in
     the world
   – Stalin lifted the blockade
     after 11 months
Berlin Airlift
               What is NATO?
• After Berlin Crisis US
  formed alliances
• North Atlantic Treaty
  Organization
   – Alliance of 12
     nations formed to
     stop the spread of
     communism
   – An attack on one
     nation is considered
     an attack on all
• Soviets responded by
  forming the Warsaw
  Pact
  NATO
Members
in Europe
The Marshall Plan
What was the result of the civil war in China?
• US supported anticommunist named
  Chiang Kai Shek
   – Truman gave Shek $3 billion in aid
   – Told him to clean up corruption
   – Shek ignored Truman
• Mao Zedong (communist leader)
   – Gave peasants land and set up
     police force
   – Peasants felt protected by Mao
• Mao won in 1949
• US feared Soviets would dominate all
  of Asia and that communism would
  spread
   – Domino Effect
   – Was containment failing?
Red China
 Why did North Korea invade South Korea on
                6/25/1950?
• Korea taken over by Japan
  during WWII
• After war:
   – Divided between Soviets
     (North) and Americans
     (South) along the 38th
     parallel
• Plan was to eventually
  reunite Korea
• But under which kind of
  government would it have?
• North Korea had been
  militarized & communized by
  Soviets
• Invaded June 1950
         Describe the Korean War.
• Known as the Accordion War or
  Forgotten War
• Truman got UN to support
  military action against N. Korea
• UN forces were driven back to
  S.Eastern coast (Pusan)
• MacArthur led naval invasion
  near Inchon Sept. 1950
• Drove N. Korea back across         Inchon
  Chinese border
• BUT THEN
• Chinese attacked UN forces                  Pusan

  and drove them back to 38th
  parallel in Nov.1950
• War became stalemate
Korean War
  Firing of
 MacArthur
Presentation
   Why did Truman fire MacArthur?
• Wanted to use nuclear
  weapons on China              If we lose the war to communism
• Issued China an               in Asia the fall of Europe is
  ultimatum as Truman           inevitable, win it and Europe most
  was trying to negotiate a     probably would avoid war and yet
  cease fire                    preserve freedom. As you pointed
• Mac publicly criticized       out, we must win. There is no
  Truman for fighting a         substitute for victory." MacArthur
  limited war
   – “In war there is no
     substitute for victory.”
• Fired for Insubordination
• Very unpopular decision       "I fired MacArthur because he
  (to fire MacArthur)           wouldn’t respect the authority of the
• War with China would          president. I didn’t fire him because he
  likely lead to war with       was a dumb son of a b****, although
  Soviet Union also or          he was."
  weaken US position in         — Harry S. Truman
  Europe
MacArthur and the Korean War
What were the results of the Korean
               War?
• Fought to a stalemate from
  July ’51 to July ’53
• Armistice declared by 1954
• Korea divided along the 38th
  parallel
  – North= communist
  – South= democratic
• Started Arms race
  – US drastically increased
    defense spending
  – Had 3.5 million men in military
  – 750 nuclear warheads