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FRONT
26. Place closing quotation marks
inside a colon or semicolon
• I read the short story “After Twenty Years”;
have you read it?
•We were told to remember the line from the
poem “Writing Poetry”: “The first word
requires capitalization.”
26. Quot. Marks-Inside : & ; 27. Quot.Marks--? & !
BACK
27. Place quotation marks outside if a
question mark or exclamation point
is part of the quotation.
• He asked, “Do you understand the
assignment?”
•She shouted, “Help!”
•NOTE: See Card 28 for rule and samples
of using quotation marks inside a ? Or !
FRONT
28. Place exclamation points or
question marks that are not part of
the quotation outside the quot. mark
• What do you think of the saying, “Do your
own thing”?
•The center for the basketball team got the
“tip-in”!
28. Quot. Marks- ? & ! 29. Quot.Marks--Paragraphs
29. In direct quotations of more than BACK
one paragraph, place quot. Marks
before each paragraph but at the end
of the last paragraph only.
• “This is the first paragraph. Note that the
quotation marks are used at the beginning
of the paragraph, but not at the end of the
paragraph.
“This is the second paragraph. Note that
quotation marks are used at the beginning
and the end of the paragraph.”
•29. Quot. Marks-Paragraphs 30. Quot. Marks Titles
30. Use quotation marks with titles of FRONT
articles, chapters, short stories, art
works, short plays, poems, musical
compositions, radio or television
programs.
• She enjoyed the short story “The Bottle Imp.”
•“Those Two Boys” is a poem with a message.
30. Quot. Marks- Titles 31. Underline- Titles
BACK
31. Underline titles of books, long plays,
motion pictures, magazines and
newspapers, airplanes, ships, and trains.
• She reads the Wall Street Journal every
day.
•He enjoyed reading the book Oliver Twist
•NOTE: Words that are underlined in type or
longhand are italicized in print.
31. Underline-Titles 32. Quots.-Conver.
FRONT
32. In writing conversation, begin a
new paragraph every time the
speaker changes.
“What’s your favorite subject?” asked
Betty, looking at Fred.
“English,” replied Fred, with a twinkle in
his eye.
“Why English?” Betty inquired.
“Because it’s the last class of the day,”
answered Fred.
32. Quots.- Conver. 33. Apostrophe-Contractions
BACK
33. Use an apostrophe to replace
letters omitted in a contraction.
•He is - he’s you are - you’re
•They are - they’re would not - wouldn’t
•We have - we’ve do not - don’t
•Were not - weren’t they will - they’ll
•It is - it’s (Possessive for is its.)
–Sample: The cat chased its tail.
FRONT
34. Use an apostrophe to form the
plural of numbers, letters, signs, or
words referred to as words.
• Your 5’s look like your 6’s.
•How many A’s did you get?
•He had twelve +’s on his paper.
•Avoid using too many then’s in your writing.
34. Apos.-Plurals 35.. Apos.-Singular Noun
BACK
35. Use an apostrophe to show
possession.
Singular noun - Add an apostrophe and s.
•Man’s hat lady’s dresses dog’s paws
•Boy’s glove Jack’s bicycle Joan’s antiques
•Somebody’s theme
•NOTE: If a word ends in s, an apostrophe and s are
added, just as in other cases:
Chris’s car waitress’s uniform
However, if this produces and unpleasant sound, only the
apostrophe may be added.
Example: Dickens’ novel or Dickens’s novel
•35. Apos. -Singular Noun 36. Apos. -Plural Noun
FRONT
36. Use only an apostrophe to show
possession with plural nouns that
end with an s.
Plural noun - When a plural noun ends with the
letter s, add only an apostrophe.
Ladies’ dresses mayors’ convention
Boys’ gloves dogs’ feet
factories’ products Browns’ car
schools’ yards
36. Apos. -Plural Noun ends in s 37. Apostrophe- Plural
Noun no s ending
BACK
37. Use an apostrophe and s to show
possession of plural nouns that do
not end in s.
•Men’s hats women’s dresses
•Children’s games teeth’s enamel
FRONT
38. Use an apostrophe to show
possession.
Compound words - Add an apostrophe and s to the
last word.
Brother-in-laws’s boat father-in-law’s car
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Joint Ownership - Use an apostrophe in the name just
before object possessed.
Lynn and Debbie’s science project (one project)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Individual Ownership - Use an apostrophe in each
name.
•38. Apos. - Possess. 39. Hyphen
FRONT
40. Dashes
NOTE: a dash is two hyphens in length (--)
Use a dash:
1. To indicate a change in thought
EX: Our adventure was--but you may think
it dull.
2. To indicate an interrupting thought
EX: Our house--have you seen it?--is a
strange color.
40. Dashes
BACK
39. Hyphen
Use a hypen:
1. With fractions used as adjectives
EX: one-half cup of sugar
2.Compound numbers
-EX: thirty-three
3. Compound titles
- EX: governor-elect; ex-boyfriend
4. Compound adjective
-EX: a well-stated idea; third-room floor
5. To prevent confusion
- EX: re-form NOT reform
