excretion in humans regulation

							Excretion:
   The process by which the wastes
    of cellular metabolism are
    removed from an organism.
       Metabolic reactions:
        1.   Respiration
        2.   Deamination (break down of proteins)
        3.   Hydrolysis (digestion)
        4.   Other Metabolic activities ( inorganic
             salts)
 Metabolic reactions produce
 Metabolic Reaction        Excretory waste
                              Produced
Aerobic (cellular)        Carbon Dioxide
Respiration
                          Water
also
(Dehydration synthesis)
Deamination               Nitrogenous waste
Other Metabolic           Inorganic mineral
activities                salts (sodium
                          chloride, potassium
                          sulfate
Nitrogenous waste:

   Ornitrogen containing
 wastes accumulate from the
 break down of amino acids
          (proteins)
 Ammonia,     (NH3) most toxic
 Urea,
 Uric   Acid, least toxic
Urinary system:
A  group of organs whose sole
  function is to perform EXCRETION.

 All of these organs play a major
  role in maintaining the body’s
  HOMEOSTASIS.

   Homeostasis:    the maintaining of a
     stable internal environment
The Urinary system:

Kidneys


  Ureters



Urinary   Bladder

  Urethra
The Kidneys:
Roughly 10cm long
Located against back muscles
Two functions:
 Remove    cellular metabolic wastes
  from blood, producing urine.
 Control varying concentrations
  within the blood (H20, salt, glucose)
URINE:
               produced by the kidneys
          Liquid
          composed of:
            Water
            Urea,
            Salts
NORMAL URINE:
 Normal Urine
      Color
     Clarity
    Ph range
    Inorganics


     Protein
     Glucose
      RBC
      WBC
Normal Urine

      Color         Pale yellow ----amber
     Clarity        Clear
 Specific Gravity   1.016
   Ph range         4.5---8
   Inorganics       Sulfates, ammonia, salts,
                    phosphates, potassium

     Protein        NONE
    Glucose         None
      RBC           NONE
      WBC           None
The Arethra:
 Oops,   wrong one
The Urethra
 Tube   that carries urine out of the body
   Boys   and Girls both have a urethra!!!!
Lets look inside the Kidney!!
Alongitudinal section reveals three
 major areas.
  Cortex:
      outer most region
      Filters the blood

  Medulla:
      Middle region
      Collects urine and

       passes it into the
  Pelvis
      Inner most region
      Drains urine into the ureters
Lets look inside the Kidney!!
disorders
 Gout
 Kidney Stones
 Renal Failure (nephritis)
     Dialysis:
 When a set of kidneys don't do their job, their
  owner has what is called a chronic kidney
  condition. Eventually, those kidneys may be
  considered failing. But instead of a bad grade,
  they can get help from something called dialysis
  (say: die-al-ih-sis). Much like a filter system
  hooked up to a pool, dialysis gives the kidneys a
  break by skimming waste for them.
 How does it work? There are two types. The first
  kind of dialysis, called hemodialysis (say: hee-
  moh-die-al-ih-sis), uses a filtering machine to
  remove waste and extra fluid from your blood. In
  the second type, called peritoneal dialysis (say:
  peh-rih-tuh-nee-ul), the actual filtering is done by
The Liver
 Detoxification: Removal of harmful or toxic
  substances from the blood
 Converts substance into a less toxic forms and
  released back into the blood stream

 Excretion of bile: used for emulsification of fats.
  Excess passed out in the feces (bile salts,
  cholesterol, recycled hemoglobin)

 Urea formation: ammonia from protein breakdown is
  converted into a LESS toxic urea
The FDA recommends that we get 60 mgs of vitamin C per day.




     Dr Linus Pauling, often referred to as the "Father of
     Vitamin C" and twice awarded the Nobel Prize,
     declared that large intakes of up to 10 grams of vitamin
     C each day aids anti-cancer activity within the body.
The Lungs
 Get the body rid of carbon dioxide and
  water (in the form of water vapor)
 End products of cellular respiration


 AND   ALCOHOL particles

The Skin
 Protection
 Excretion
 Nerve endings
 Regulates body temperature
The Skin
Finis’