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The Big
Book of
WHY?
CFSR Item 4: Risk Assessment and Safety
Management
SUPERVISOR REVIEW TOOL KEY
PEAS & KAROTS Big Book of Why? Safety and Risk 2
March, 2010
SUPERVISOR REVIEW TOOL KEY
MALTREATMENT
The act, failure to act, or pattern of behavior on the part of the caregiver that results in death, medical, sexual, or
emotional harm or presents imminent threat of harm to child.
SAFETY DESCRIBE THE EXTENT OF THE MALTREATMENT. RISK
The presence of or SOME AREAS TO CONSIDER : Probability that any form of
imminent threats of serious child maltreatment,
What is the extent of the maltreatment and your finding?
harm regardless of severity, may
CONTROL • Type of maltreatment occur or recur in the future
List measures taken to • Severity of the maltreatment CHANGE
control the identified safety • Imminent threat of serious harm List services and/or
threat. strategies identified to
• What happened increase protective capacity
and/or reduce child
• Emotional / physical symptoms
vulnerability.
• Identify victim and maltreator
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS: issues that are part of the cause
for a situation in protective services. These are observable
environmental conditions and maladaptive/dysfunctional
behaviors that present safety threats.
• Employment and financial status
• Substance use
• Mental health / physical health issues
• Domestic Violence
PEAS & KAROTS Big Book of Why? Safety and Risk 3
March, 2010
SUPERVISOR REVIEW TOOL KEY
MALTREATMENT
The act, failure to act, or pattern of behavior on the part of the caregiver that results in death, medical, sexual, or
emotional harm or presents imminent threat of harm to child.
UNDERLYING FACTORS: the causes or reasons that lie
beneath the surface. In child protective services these are
the root causes of safety threats that may not be readily
observable, but must be addressed to sustain change.
• Maltreatment history
• How parent’s needs are met
• Reason for being a parent – Planned or accidental
pregnancy
• Parent’s satisfaction level being a parent –
Resentful, tired, burdened, verses joyful and glad,
etc.
• Parent’s knowledge of child development and child
caring skills
• Parent’s perspective on the child’s need for
protection
• Cultural influences on the parenting approach
• How that parent was parented
• Parent’s concept, purpose, and method of discipline
PEAS & KAROTS Big Book of Why? Safety and Risk 4
March, 2010
SUPERVISOR REVIEW TOOL KEY
PROTECTIVE CAPACITY
Individual and family strengths, resources or characteristics that mitigate threats of serious harm to a child or demonstrate
that the child is being adequately protected. In this context, family strengths or resources refer only to those
characteristics that directly affect the safety of the child. CAN and WILL THE caregiver protect the child.
SAFETY SOME AREAS TO CONSIDER: The parent MUST be engaged RISK
in this assessment
The presence of or Probability that any form of
imminent threats of serious • Parent’s expectations of the child child maltreatment,
harm regardless of severity, may
• Parental intent occur or recur in the future
CONTROL
• Parental impairment CHANGE
List measures taken to
control the identified safety • Parental behavioral, cognitive and emotional List services and/or
threat. characteristics strategies identified to
increase protective capacity
• Parent’s perspective and attitude and/or reduce child
• Parental motivation to protect vulnerability.
• Parent’s decision-making process
• Protective capacity reliably deployed
• Cultural influences on the parenting approach
• Environmental characteristics
• What type of support system the parent has and
community involvement
PEAS & KAROTS Big Book of Why? Safety and Risk 5
March, 2010
SUPERVISOR REVIEW TOOL KEY
CHILD VULNERABILITY
Refers to a child’s capacity for self-protection. It is the degree to which a child can avoid, negate or modify safety threats,
or compensate for the caregiver’s missing or insufficient protective capacities.
SAFETY SOME AREAS TO CONSIDER: RISK
The presence of or Evaluate EACH child in the family individually. Probability that any form of
imminent threats of serious child maltreatment,
harm • Age regardless of severity, may
CONTROL • Each child’s general mood and temperament – occur or recur in the future
provocative, irritating or non-assertive behavior CHANGE
List measures taken to
control the identified safety • Each child’s physical, cognitive, social and emotional List services and/or
threat. development strategies identified to
increase protective capacity
• Each child’s role in the family
and/or reduce child
• Child visibility vulnerability.
• Accessibility by perpetrator
PEAS & KAROTS Big Book of Why? Safety and Risk 6
March, 2010
SUPERVISOR REVIEW TOOL
MALTREATMENT
The act, failure to act, or pattern of behavior on the part of the caregiver that results in death, medical, sexual, or
emotional harm or presents imminent threat of harm to child.
SAFETY DESCRIBE THE EXTENT OF THE MALTREATMENT. RISK
The presence of or What are the contributing factors that may cause or be Probability that any form of
Imminent threats of serious associated with child maltreatment and identified underlying child maltreatment,
harm factors? regardless of severity, may
occur or recur in the future
CONTROL
CHANGE
List measures taken to
control the identified safety List services and/or
threat. strategies identified to
increase protective capacity
and/or reduce child
vulnerability.
PEAS & KAROTS Big Book of Why? Safety and Risk 7
March, 2010
SUPERVISOR REVIEW TOOL
PROTECTIVE CAPACITY
Individual and family strengths, resources or characteristics that mitigate threats of serious harm to a child or demonstrate
that the child is being adequately protected. In this context, family strengths or resources refer only to those
characteristics that directly affect the safety of the child.
SAFETY WHAT IS THE PROTECTIVE CAPACITY OF THE FAMILY? RISK
The presence of or List specific strengths, resources or characteristics that Probability that any form of
Imminent threats of serious exist, or absence of, that impact the protective capacity. child maltreatment,
harm regardless of severity, may
occur or recur in the future
CONTROL
CHANGE
List measures taken to
control the identified safety List services and/or
threat. strategies identified to
increase protective capacity
and/or reduce child
vulnerability.
PEAS & KAROTS Big Book of Why? Safety and Risk 8
March, 2010
SUPERVISOR REVIEW TOOL
CHILD VULNERABILITY
Refers to a child’s capacity for self-protection. It is the degree to which a child can avoid, negate or modify safety threats,
or compensate for the caregiver’s missing or insufficient protective capacities.
SAFETY DESCRIBE CHILD’S VULNERABILITY. RISK
The presence of or All children within a family setting should be assessed. Probability that any form of
imminent threats of serious child maltreatment,
harm regardless of severity, may
occur or recur in the future
CONTROL
CHANGE
List measures taken to
control the identified safety List services and/or
threat. strategies identified to
increase protective capacity
and/or reduce child
vulnerability.
PEAS & KAROTS Big Book of Why? Safety and Risk 9
March, 2010
