A Simple Photovoltaic Panel Model Characterization Procedure and Evaluation of the Role of Environmental Measurements

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      Embedded Systems Projects, IEEE 2012 Abstracts

     A SIMPLE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL MODEL:
CHARACTERIZATION PROCEDURE AND EVALUATION OF
  THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS
Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on
ABSTRACT
The growing number of installed photovoltaic (PV) plants is making the
simulation of their behavior and their effects on the power network
more and more relevant. In this context, an accurate yet simple model
of the panels is beneficial for evaluating the power production as well
as the system efficiency in off-line and on-line analysis.
In the preliminary design stages of large plants, this kind of model can
support design and decision making, allowing for the simulation of the
entire plant and the testing of various power architectures. During the
operation, such models may support monitoring, diagnostic, and
control functions. In this paper, a model of PV panel, suitable for the
aforementioned applications, is presented together with a simple
procedure for the identification of its parameters.
The critical issues related to the measurement and the estimation of
the required environmental quantities are analyzed together with their
main metrological requirements.
Finally, the experimental validation of the proposed model and
algorithms is presented using as a case study the es timation of the
energy production of a domestic solar plant.



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     Embedded Systems Projects, IEEE 2012 Abstracts
Abstract of the Project


Proposed System Advantages


Architecture Diagram


Block Diagram



Explanation of Block Diagram



Components usage Details



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        Embedded Systems Projects, IEEE 2012 Abstracts
EMBEDDED HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

   Microcontroller, Atmel 89c51 / 52
   Embedded Active components
   Embedded Passive components
   Electromechanical components
   Electrical components


SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
   Assembly Language
   Embedded C
   KEIL Compiler


HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

                   If PC is used, for Independent Kits, this will not applicable

System         : Pentium Dual Core Processor + Board
RAM            : 1 GB
Hard Disk      : 80 GB
Monitor        : 17” Color Monitor
Mouse          : Logitech Mouse
Keyboard       : Multimedia Keyboard


SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Operating System         :    Windows XP
Front End                :    Visual Basic / Java
Database                 :    Access

  NCCT, 109, 2 nd Floor, Bombay Flats, Nungambakkam High Road,
                 Nungambakkam, Chennai – 600034.
        Near Ganpat Hotel, Above IOB, Next to ICICI Bank

      Projects in Embedded Systems * Embedded
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        Embedded Systems Projects, IEEE 2012 Abstracts
ABOUT EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
An embedded system is a computer system designed for specific control functions within a
larger system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete
device often including hardware and mechanical parts. By contrast, a general-purpose computer,
such as a personal computer (PC), is designed to be flexible and to meet a wide range of end -
user needs. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today
Embedded systems contain processing cores that are typically either microcontrollers or digital
signal processors. The key characteristic, however, is being dedicated to handle a particular
task. Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize
it to reduce the size and cost of the product and increase the reliability and performance.
Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a general -purpose
computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real -time performance constraints that must be
met, for reasons such as safety and usability
Embedded systems are not always standalone devices. Many embedded systems consist of
small, computerized parts within a larger device that serves a more general purpose. The
program instructions written for embedded systems are referred to as firmware, and are stored
in read-only memory or Flash memory chips. They run with limited computer hardware
resources: little memory, small or non-existent keyboard or screen.




PERIPHERALS
      Embedded Systems talk with the outside world via peripherals, such as:
 Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI): RS-232, RS-422, RS-485 etc.
 Synchronous Serial Communication Interface:        I2C,   SPI,   SSC   and   ESSI   (Enhanced
 Synchronous Serial Interface)
 Universal Serial Bus (USB)
 Multi Media Cards (SD Cards, Compact Flash etc.)
 Networks: Ethernet, LonWorks, etc.
 Fieldbuses: CAN-Bus, LIN-Bus, PROFIBUS, etc.
 Timers: PLL(s), Capture/Compare and Time Processing Units
 Discrete IO: aka General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO)
 Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog (ADC/DAC)
 Debugging: JTAG, ISP, ICSP, BDM Port, BITP, and DP9 ports.




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        Embedded Systems Projects, IEEE 2012 Abstracts
MICROCONTROLLERS
A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC, uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single
integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input /output
peripherals. Program memory in the form of NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on
chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM.
Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors
used in personal computers or other general purpose applications.
Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile
engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office machines,
appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems. By reducing the size and cost
compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices,
microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices and processes




ATMEL 89C51 MICROCONTROLLERS
The Atmel AT89 series is an Intel-8051-compatible family of 8 bit microcontrollers (µCs)
manufactured by the Atmel Corporation. Based on the Intel 8051 core, the AT89 series remains
very popular as general purpose microcontrollers, due to their industry standard instruction set,
and low unit cost. This allows a great amount of legacy code to be reused without modification in
new applications
The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4Kbytes of
Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured
using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry -
standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out.
The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a
conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8 -bit CPU with Flash on
a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer, which provides a highly -
flexible and cost-effective applications solution to many embedded control




  NCCT, 109, 2 nd Floor, Bombay Flats, Nungambakkam High Road,
                 Nungambakkam, Chennai – 600034.
        Near Ganpat Hotel, Above IOB, Next to ICICI Bank

      Projects in Embedded Systems * Embedded
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