ch 11 blind low vision

							Name: Ryan Thomas                      Chapter/Disability: Ch 11:Blindness or Low Vision                         Date: April 15, 2010
Definition/Prevalence                  Causes                               Characteristics                      Educational Considerations
-a person who is legally blind has     -refraction errors such as myopia -no language impairment                 -table 11.1 p 395
a visual acuity of 20/200 or less in   (nearsightedness) hyperopia
the better eye even with               (farsightedness) and astigmatism -no link to blindness and lower          -brialle
correction (glasses) or has a field    (blurred vision)                     intelligence
of vision so narrow that its widest                                                                              -use of remaining sight- large
diameter subtends an angular           -glaucoma- a group of eye             -orientation and mobility (O&M)-    print books, magnifying devices
distance no greater than 20            diseases                              being able to have a sense of
degrees                                                                      where one is in relation to other   -listening skills- teachers should
-20/200 a person sees 20 feet          -cataracts- clouding of the lens of   people, objects and landmarks       provide a classroom clear of
when normal vision sees 200 ft.        the eye- results in blurred vision                                        auditory distractions
                                                                             -cognitive mapping-type of O&M
-for educational purposes low          -diabetic retinopathy-                in which a person makes a “map”     -O&M training- the long cane-
vision is a term used to refer to      interference of blood supply to       depicting the general relation of   although it may look easy,
individuals whose visual               retina                                various points in the environment   intensive training is necessary
impairment is not so severe that
they are unable to read print of       -cortical visual impairment(CVI)-     -obstacle sense- persons who are    -guide dogs- not a popular option
any kind. They can read large or       leading cause of visual               blind, when walking along the
regular print and may need             impairment in western world,          street seem able to sense objects   -tactile maps- representations of
magnification. Between 20/70           damage or dysfunction to parts of     in their path. Use of the Doppler   the environment. Uses raised
and 20/200                             the brain pertaining to sight         effect                              symbols that represent streets,
                                                                                                                 sidewalks, buildings etc.
Prevalence:                            -retinitis pigmentosa- field of       -no differences in academic
-mostly an adult disability            vision is narrow (tunnel vision)      achievement                         -Human guides
                                       and also affects one’s ability to
-only 0.05% of the population          see at night (night blindness)        -socially well adjusted             -technological aids
between 6 and 17 years of age                                                                                    -Kurzweil 1000- reads electronic
are “visually impaired” which          -retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)-                                         voice and translates into Braille
includes being blind and low           abnormal growth of blood vessels                                          -portable Braille notetakers
vision                                 to the eye- excessive amounts of                                          -NFB-Newsline- National
                                       oxygen to the eye                                                         Federation of the Blind allows
                                                                                                                 individuals to access magazines
                                       -strabismus- both eyes are                                                and newspapers 24 hours a day
directed inwards (crossed eyed)   on any touch-tone telephone
or outwards                       -descriptive video service-inserts
                                  a narrated description of key
-nystagmus- rapid involuntary     visual features of programs on
movements of the eye              television
                                  -screen readers- magnify
                                  information on the screen or
                                  convert it to text or speech or
                                  both

                                  -Service delivery methods-
                                  itinerant teacher services

                                  -progress monitoring- CBM

                                  -EI

                                  -testing accommodations

                                  -outcome measures