The USGS Storm Tide Program
Prepared by Brian McCallum, Ben McGee, Leroy Pearman, Charles Berenbrock, and Robert R. Mason, Jr., and many, many others. U.S. Geological Survey
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Storm-Tide Deployments
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Sensors
• • • • • • • Unvented pressure transducers (40/storm) Record temperature and pressure for 8 days at 30 second intervals Mobile, Self-contained, Inexpensive Accurate (+/- 0.05’) Steel-pipe housing units Entire hydrograph—not just peak Real-time is possible but expensive and logistically challenging
Hobo by Onset
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Sensor Deployment
• • Storm-Tide Response Centers (Ruston, LA., Atlanta, and Orlando) 30 to 70 sites per storm -Rita 47, Wilma 35, Ernesto 70, Gustav 108 (65), Ike 65 Involve 8-15 people -Rita 6, Wilma 8 Ernesto 11, Gustav and Ike, Multi-phased deployment (12-15) 4-8 crews Deploy 24-36 hours prior to landfall Time in field: Rita 11, Wilma 15, Ernesto 15 hours, Gustav and Ike 2-days
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•
• • •
Sensor Recovery
• Retrieve sensors, flag HWMs, tape-down to H2O, run local levels • Download, adjust data for barometric pressure, salinity, and upload to web • Follow-on GPS crews run levels and determine local datum
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Ike SSS Deployment and Existing Streamgage and Tide-Gage Network
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Results …Water-Level Hydrographs
High- water mark
H
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Results ---Surge Hydrographs for Sites on Calcasieu River, SW LA
14 12 10
8.7 ft/s 5.2 ft/s 2.8 ft/s
ELEVATION, IN FEET ABOVE NAVD 1988
LC8a LC7 LC6a LC5 LC2a LC2b
8 6 4 2 0 9/23/05
9/24/05
TIME, IN DAYS
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Storm Surge at 12:00 am (midnight)
Calcasieu River
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Calcasieu Lake
82
Rita Storm Track
Constance Beach
Rutherford’s Beach
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Road obstructing flow
Gulf of Mexico
Explanation
USGS Storm surge sensor LC11
Storm-tide elevation, in feet above NAVD88
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Storm Surge at 3:00 am
canal berm obstructing flow
Calcasieu River
Islands obstructing flow
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Calcasieu Lake
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Rutherford’s Beach
Constance Beach
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Road overtopped
Gulf of Mexico
Explanation
USGS Storm surge sensor LC11
Storm-tide elevation, in feet above NAVD88
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Hurricane Storm-Tide Network Coverages
USGS Rita Data http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2006/220 USGS Wilma Data http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/294/ USGS Ike Data http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1365/
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2008 Improvements
• • • • Collect continuous salinity at select sites Automate pressure and salinity adjustment through NWIS Real-time reporting at select sites (10 test units purchased) WaterWatch Hazards page for real-time dissemination
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Feedback Please!
• How many sites needed? • How to configure network?
– Along coast? – Major streams? – Overland transits? – Upstream and downstream of structures? – Recording intervals? – Focused, experimental networks?
• Complementary datasets?
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Other agencies interested
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http://www.ofcm.gov/wg-ndr-psda/plan-draft.htm
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