earth

							The Terrestrial Planets,
        Part II
        The Earth
EARTH
        Physical Data
 Diameter:  12,756.3 km
 Mass: 5.976x1027 g
 Density: 5.518 g/cm3
 Rotation Period: 23.9 hours
                     o
 Tilt of Axis: 23.5
 Surface Temperature: 200-300 K
        Physical Data
 Orbital  Semi-Major Axis: 1.49x1011 m
                             (1 AU)
 Orbital Period: 365.26 days
                        o
 Orbital Inclination: 0
 Orbital Eccentricity: 0.017
 Satellites: 1
 Magnetic Field: yes
Earth’s Interior
       Earth’s Interior

                                           MOUNTAIN RANGE
         RIFFS
                     OCEAN F L OOR     T R ENCH        CONT I NE NT




                 MANT L E CURR ENT S




         in the Mantle Cause Plate
 Currents
 Tectonics
Earth’s Surface




   Continental Drift
Earth’s Surface
   Earth’s Atmosphere
 75.5%  Nitrogen
 23.1% Oxygen
 1.29% Argon
 1.7-0.06% Water Vapor
 0.05% Carbon Dioxide
 0.0013% Neon
 0.00007% Helium
Earth’s Atmosphere

            ( I on os phere )
           The Ionosphere


                    F2

                    F1
                    E
                    D



F layers
combine
at night
       The Ionosphere
 Altitudes   of the Ionospheric Layers
        The Ionosphere
 Reflection   of Radio Waves
       The Ionosphere
 Creation   of Ions
   Earth’s Magnetic Field
 Dipolar   Field
                             S
            S


            N
                             N




         South Pole is Located in the
 Magnetic
 Geographic North Pole!
    Earth’s Magnetic Field

                   Van Allen Belts
                   Inner Belt - Positive
                    Protons
_                  Outer Belt - Negative
e     p+
                    Electrons
               Aurorae
   From the ground

                 m
                   Aurorae
                          From Space

                        From the Space Shuttle




The Auroral Oval
Magnetosphere




  Van Allen Belts
                    gjjikui
The Moon
            Earth’s Moon
 Average   Distance to Earth: 384,400km
  (238,855 miles)
                           o
 Orbital inclination: 5.1
 Diameter: 3476 km (0.273 DEarth)
 Mass: 7.35x1025 g (0.0123 MEarth)
                               o
 Surface Temperature: -274 F (night)
                             o
                          266 F (day)
 Surface Gravity: 0.167 Earth’s
The Moon’s Interior
            The Moon’s Surface
Craters:           Maria:




   Older Terrain    Younger Terrain
       The Moon’s Surface
Mare Orientale
 Largest impact
  crater on the Moon
 Has three
  concentric circular
  mountain ranges
  created by the
  impact