Chapter 4 Elements, Atoms & Ions

							Chapter 4–Chemical Foundations:
Elements, Atoms, and Ions
1. Dalton’s Atomic Theory
2. Atomic Structure
     a. J.J. Thomson, discovery of the electron
     b. Rutherford, discovery of the nucleus
     c. Protons, neutrons, electrons
3.   The Periodic Table
4.   Ions and Ionic Compounds
5.   Isotopes
6.   Atomic mass
Elements in the Earth’s Crust
Elements in the Human Body
Elements to Memorize
Know names, symbols, and Groups
for the following elements:          Click here for a Periodic
Group 1A: H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Group 2A: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
                                     Table showing these
Group 3A: B, Al, Ga                  elements highlighted.
Group 4A: C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
Group 5A: N, P, As, Sb
Group 6A: O, S, Se, Te
Group 7A: F, Cl, Br, I
Group 8A: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Group 3B: Sc
Group 4B: Ti
Group 5B: V
Group 6B: Cr
Group 7B: Mn
Group 8B: Fe, Co, Ni
Group 1B: Cu, Ag, Au
Group 2B: Zn, Cd, Hg
Example 1
State the number of protons and
neutrons in an atom of:

a. 81Br
b. 127I
c. 2H
Periodic Table: Metals,
Nonmetals,and Metalloids
http://www.lenntech.com/periodic-
   chart.htm
Example 2
Complete the following table:
Symbol     # protons   # neutrons # electrons
 18O2-

 23Na+

64Zn2+

  Fe3+
   N3-
   Ca
  Pb4+
Example 3
Write chemical formulas for the
following molecular compounds:
a. A molecule consisting of one carbon
    atom and two oxygen atoms.
b. A molecule consisting of one carbon
    atom and one oxygen atom.
c. A molecule containing two nitrogen
    atoms and five oxygen atoms.
Example 4
Write chemical formulas for the
compounds made of the following ions:
a. Mg2+ and Cl-
b. Al3+ and O2-
c. Fe2+ and I-
d. Fe3+ and I-
e. Ca2+ and S2-