Chapter 12 � Drugs and Addictive Behavior: Use, Abuse, and Control

							Chapter 11 – Drugs: Use, Abuse, and Control

Multiple Choice Questions


1.    What is the most commonly used illicit drug among persons aged 12 and older?
      A.     cocaine
      B.     marijuana
      C.     heroin
      D.     methamphetamine
      E.     alcohol

      Answer:       B
      Page(s):      220
      Objective(s): 1


2.    The highest rates of illicit drug use occur among adults aged __________________.
      A.     16-18
      B.     18-20
      C.     20-22
      D.     20-24

      Answer:       B
      Page(s):      221
      Objective(s): 1


3.    The most common form of drug use among teens aged 12-13 is ___________________.
      A.    marijuana abuse
      B.    nonmedical use of prescription drugs
      C.    cocaine abuse
      D.    Ecstasy abuse

      Answer:       B
      Page(s):      221
      Objective(s): 1


4.    Drug abuse rates are highest among _________________, and lowest among
      _______________.
      A.    Blacks; Asians
      B.    American Indians and Alaskan Natives; Whites
      C.    Whites; Asians
      D.    American Indians and Alaskan Natives; Asians
     Answer:       D
     Page(s):      221
     Objective(s): 1


5.   Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding nonmedical drug use in the United
     States by individuals aged 12 or older?
     A.      More than 45 percent have used an illicit drug in their lifetime.
     B.      About 70 percent have tried illicit drugs other than marijuana.
     C.      Approximately 42 percent have used some form of tobacco in their lifetime.
     D.      Cocaine is prescribed by physicians to help you sleep.

     Answer:       A
     Page(s):      220
     Objective(s): 1


6.   Which of the following, by definition, is(are) a drug(s)?
     A.    aspirin
     B.    caffeine
     C.    nicotine
     D.    nicotine and caffeine
     E.    nicotine, aspirin, and caffeine

     Answer:       E
     Page(s):      221
     Objective(s): 2


7.   Which of the following is a term used to refer to a substance that causes changes in brain
     chemistry and alters consciousness, perception, mood, and thought?
     A.     substance
     B.     psychoactive drug
     C.     drug of abuse
     D.     pharmaceutical drug

     Answer:       B
     Page(s):      221-222
     Objective(s): 2
8.    Compared to other routes of administration, ___________________ is the most
      complicated way for a drug to enter the bloodstream.
      A.     transdermal absorption
      B.     subcutaneous injection
      C.     intravenous injection
      D.     oral consumption
      E.     inhalation

      Answer:       D
      Page(s):      223
      Objective(s): 3


9.    Which of the following statements about the effects of drugs on the brain is FALSE?
      A.    Eventually, a drug addict is not able to experience pleasure from anything—not
            even the drug being abused.
      B.    Addictive drugs activate the pleasure and reward circuit.
      C.    Parts of the brain involved in rational thought are not affected.
      D.    Drugs that bind to endorphin receptors reduce pain.

      Answer:        C
      Page(s):       225
      Objective:     3


10.   Paco has come to depend on heroin to be able to function normally. A few weeks ago, he
      attempted to cut himself off, but he experienced severe diarrhea. Paco’s case illustrates
      which of the following concepts?
      A.     drug overdose
      B.     withdrawal syndrome
      C.     drug tolerance
      D.     psychological dependence

      Answer:       B
      Page(s):      225
      Objective(s): 3


11.   Most drugs are taken
      A.     by injection.
      B.     orally.
      C.     through the nose.
      D.     by applying a patch to the skin.

      Answer:        B
      Page(s):       223
      Objective(s): 3


12.   Which of the following routes of drug administration is the fastest way for a drug to reach
      the brain?
      A.      intravenous injection
      B.      oral
      C.      through the nose
      D.      by applying a patch to the skin

      Answer:       A
      Page(s):      223
      Objective(s): 3


13.   One indicator of physiological dependence is the development of
      A.     acne.
      B.     stomach pain.
      C.     tolerance.
      D.     sleep apnea.

      Answer:       C
      Page(s):      224
      Objective(s): 3


14.   Probably the most popular psychoactive drug is ____________________.
      A.     nicotine
      B.     caffeine
      C.     marijuana
      D.     alcohol
      E.     Rohypnol

      Answer:       B
      Page(s):      230
      Objective(s): 4


15.   Which type of drugs have effects similar to the response evoked during the fight-or-flight
      reaction?
      A.      stimulants
      B.      depressants
      C.      opiates
      D.      inhalants
      E.      anabolic steroids
      Answer:       A
      Page(s):      226
      Objective(s): 4


16.   Amphetamines fall under which category of drugs?
      A.   stimulants
      B.   depressants
      C.   opiates
      D.   inhalants
      E.   hallucinogens

      Answer:       A
      Page(s):      228
      Objective(s): 4


17.   Which of the following statements is TRUE about cocaine?
      A.    Cocaine hydrochloride powder produces a higher rate of dependence than crack
            cocaine.
      B.    Cocaine’s effects appear almost immediately after a single dose and disappear
            within a few minutes or hours.
      C.    Cocaine may cause users to become overweight.
      D.    Cocaine is a powerful central nervous system opiate.

      Answer:       B
      Page(s):      226
      Objective(s): 4


18.   Which drug provides individuals a heightened sense of empathy and closeness to those
      around them?
      A.     morphine
      B.     methamphetamine
      C.     MDMA (Ecstasy)
      D.     LSD

      Answer:       C
      Page(s):      229
      Objective(s): 4
19.   Common date rape drugs include which of the following drugs?
      A.   MDMA
      B.   Valium
      C.   Rohypnol
      D.   opium

      Answer:       C
      Page(s):      230-231
      Objective(s): 4


20.   Which of the following combinations/associations is NOT correct?
      A.    benzodiazepines/epilepsy
      B.    methamphetamine/narcolepsy
      C.    opiates/pain
      D.    amphetamines/depression

      Answer:       D
      Page(s):      228
      Objective(s): 4


21.   The youngest people in the United States use which type of drugs because they are so
      readily available?
      A.      depressants
      B.      inhalants
      C.      barbiturates
      D.      amphetamines

      Answer:       B
      Page(s):      233
      Objective(s): 4


22.   Which of the following drugs was used during the Civil War and became known as “the
      soldier’s disease”?
      A.      heroin
      B.      cocaine
      C.      morphine
      D.      marijuana

      Answer:       C
      Page(s):      231
      Objective(s): 4
23.   Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding opioids?
      A.    Opium originated in Europe.
      B.    Heroin is a less potent drug developed from morphine.
      C.    Morphine injections were used widely during the Civil War to treat pain.
      D.    Opioids are non-addictive.

      Answer:       C
      Page(s):      231
      Objective(s): 4


24.   Pain reduction is most associated with which type of drug?
      A.     benzodiazepines
      B.     amphetamines
      C.     opioids
      D.     hallucinogens

      Answer:       C
      Page(s):      231
      Objective(s): 4


25.   Which type of drugs has no role in health care?
      A.    opiates
      B.    hallucinogens
      C.    inhalants
      D.    stimulants
      E.    depressants

      Answer:       B
      Page(s):      232
      Objective(s): 4


26.   Phencyclidine, commonly known as PCP, is which type of drug?
      A.    anabolic steroid
      B.    stimulant
      C.    inhalant
      D.    hallucinogen
      E.    opiate

      Answer:       D
      Page(s):      232
      Objective(s): 4
27.   Which of the following is a hallucinogen?
      A.    Oxycontin
      B.    LSD
      C.    Viagra
      D.    Valium

      Answer:       B
      Page(s):      232
      Objective(s): 4


28.   Which of the following is a possible long-term effect of marijuana?
      A.    decreased reaction time
      B.    increased sexual pleasure
      C.    development of chronic bronchitis
      D.    addiction and dependence

      Answer:       C
      Page(s):      234
      Objective(s): 4


29.   The majority of federal funds directed toward fighting the war on drugs is spent on
      ____________________.
      A.    research
      B.    domestic law enforcement
      C.    interdiction
      D.    preventative education

      Answer:       B
      Page(s):      234, 238
      Objective(s): 5


30.   Which of the following is a demand reduction strategy in the war on drugs?
      A.    preventing distribution
      B.    spraying heroin fields
      C.    interdiction
      D.    treatment

      Answer:       D
      Page(s):      235
      Objective(s): 5
31.   Which of the following is a central nervous system stimulant?
      A.    LSD
      B.    Oxycontin
      C.    caffeine
      D.    barbiturates

      Answer:       C
      Page(s):      230
      Objective(s): 4


32.   Which of the following is a central nervous system depressant?
      A.    Xanax
      B.    heroin
      C.    amphetamines
      D.    Ritalin

      Answer:       A
      Page(s):      230
      Objective(s): 4


33.   Which of the following is NOT considered a harm reduction strategy?
      A.    needle exchange program
      B.    incarceration
      C.    controlled availability
      D.    medicalization

      Answer:       B
      Page(s):      237
      Objective(s): 5


34.   The most effective approaches to drug abuse prevention on college campuses include all
      of the following strategies, EXCEPT
      A.      engaging parents.
      B.      engaging the media.
      C.      providing alternative activities.
      D.      intervening with at-risk-students.

      Answer:       B
      Page(s):      235
      Objective(s): 5
True/False Questions

35.   About 45 percent of people aged 12 or older have used an illicit drug during their
      lifetime.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      220
      Objective(s): 1


36.   Drug abuse rates are lower among college graduates than among those with a high school
      diploma.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      221
      Objective(s): 1


37.   College graduates are more likely to have tried illicit drugs in their lifetime than adults
      who had not completed high school.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      221
      Objective(s): 1


38.   When choosing an over-the-counter medication, it is best to choose a medication with a
      single ingredient targeted at your symptoms rather than a combination of ingredients.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      222
      Objective(s): 2


39.   If an over-the-counter medication has an expiration date, it refers to how long the drug
      will be active in an unopened package. Once the package has been opened, the drug will
      probably be good for about a year.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      222
      Objective(s): 2
40.   The federal government, at this time, does not regulate the use of more than 700 herbal
      substances.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      222-223
      Objective(s): 2


41.   The route of administration may have a profound effect of the speed and efficiency with
      which a drug acts.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      223
      Objective(s): 3


42.   If a person’s biochemical state is already altered by another drug, the effect of a drug can
      be changed.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      224
      Objective(s): 3


43.   Neuroscientists have found that many addictive drugs, such as cocaine, marijuana,
      opiates, alcohol, and nicotine, affect a pleasure and reward circuit lying deep inside the
      brain.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      225
      Objective(s): 3


44.   Recovery from a drug addiction is a matter of will power to abstain from using the
      substance.

      Answer:       False
      Page(s):      226
      Objective(s): 3


45.   Many clinicians and addiction medicine specialists suggest that social pressure is the
      number one cause of relapse to drug abuse.

      Answer:        False
      Page(s):       226
      Objective(s): 3


46.   Following continued use of amphetamines, users’ attempts to stop may cause an
      individual to sleep for 24 hours, be depressed for days, and/or have thoughts of death.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      229
      Objective(s): 4


47.   Side effects of GHB, a common date-rape drug, may include hyperactivity, increased
      heart rate, raised blood pressure, and amnesia.

      Answer:       False
      Page(s):      231
      Objective(s): 4


48.   Regardless of the negative possibilities, benzodiazepines are an important part of
      treatment for those struggling with anxiety disorders.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      230
      Objective(s): 4


49.   There is no evidence that heroin results in any long-term damage to the body.

      Answer:       False
      Page(s):      231-232
      Objective(s): 4


50.   LSD is one of the most potent psychochemicals known and is easily recognizable by its
      smell and taste.

      Answer:       False
      Page(s):      232
      Objective(s): 4
51.   LSD does not produce compulsive drug-seeking behaviors, and physiological withdrawal
      symptoms do not occur when use is stopped.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      232
      Objective(s): 4


52.   Hallucinogens produce intensification and distortion of visual and auditory perception.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      232
      Objective(s): 4


53.   Individuals who use large quantities of marijuana may experience problems with
      memory, learning, distorted perception, loss of coordination, difficulty in problem
      solving, and increased heart rate.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      233
      Objective(s): 4


54.   Marijuana smoke contains more carcinogens than tobacco smoke.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      234
      Objective(s): 4


55.   Domestic production of illicit drugs has been increasing, further diminishing the
      effectiveness of a supply side reduction strategy in the war against drugs.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      234
      Objective(s): 5


56.   More than half of the people in jail have been incarcerated for drug offenses.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      235
      Objective(s): 5
57.   While most of the funding has been for supply reduction efforts, most of the data suggest
      that treatment is a more effective and cost-effective approach for reducing drug use.

      Answer:       True
      Page(s):      236
      Objective(s): 5


58.   Harm reduction strategies are based on the same set of assumptions as supply and
      demand reduction strategies in the war on drugs.

      Answer:       False
      Page(s):      236
      Objective(s): 5


59.   Most experts agree that drug treatment is a one-time, short-term process without relapses.

      Answer:       False
      Page(s):      236
      Objective(s): 5


Short Answer Questions

60.   A(n) _______________________ is any substance, natural or artificial, other than food,
      intended to affect the structure or function of the body through its chemical action.

      Answer:       drug
      Page(s):      221
      Objective(s): 2


61.   __________________________ drugs are substances that cause changes in brain
      chemistry and alter consciousness, mood, perception, and thought. They may be used for
      medical or recreational purposes.

      Answer:       Psychoactive
      Page(s):      221-222
      Objective(s): 2
62.   Drugs that do not need a physician’s prescription and that can be purchased easily by
      consumers are called ______________________ drugs.

      Answer:       over-the-counter (OTC)
      Page(s):      222
      Objective(s): 2


63.   A(n) _________________________ drug is a drug approved by the federal Food and
      Drug Administration (FDA) that can be dispensed only by prescription order from a
      licensed and qualified physician.

      Answer:       prescription
      Page(s):      223
      Objective(s): 2


64.   Generally viewed as harmful, ___________________ drugs are unlawful to possess or
      use.

      Answer:       illicit (illegal)
      Page(s):      222
      Objective(s): 2


65.   __________________________ is the use of a substance in a manner, amounts, or
      situations such that the drug use causes problems or greatly increases the risk of problems
      for the user or for others.

      Answer:       Drug abuse
      Page(s):      223
      Objective(s): 2


66.   An indication of physiological dependence, _______________________ is reduced
      sensitivity to the effects of a drug.

      Answer:       tolerance
      Page(s):      224
      Objective(s): 3
67.   Any behavior that has gotten out of control is a(n) __________________________,
      which results in negative effects on one’s health.

      Answer:       addictive behavior
      Page(s):      224
      Objective(s): 3


68.   Drugs that tend to increase alertness and physical activity are called
      _______________________, and they are able to keep a person going, both physically
      and mentally, when typically one would be fatigued.

      Answer:       stimulants
      Page(s):      226
      Objective(s): 4


69.   Drugs that lower one’s mood are called _________________________.

      Answer:       depressants
      Page(s):      230
      Objective(s): 4


70.   ___________________________, to many, are known as tranquilizers.

      Answer:       Benzodiazepines
      Page(s):      230
      Objective(s): 4


71.   A(n) __________________________ occurs when users stop taking a particular drug and
      find that their symptoms are worse than before they started taking the drug.

      Answer:       rebound effect
      Page(s):      230
      Objective(s): 4


72.   __________________ are breathable chemical vapors that produce mind-altering effects.

      Answer:       Inhalants
      Page(s):      233
      Objective(s): 4
73.   Naturally occurring and synthetic drugs that are prescribed as pain relievers, anesthetics,
      antidiarrheal agents, and cough suppressants are __________________________.

      Answer:       opioids
      Page(s):      231
      Objective(s): 4


74.   Drugs that alter perceptions and thinking are called _________________________.

      Answer:       hallucinogens
      Page(s):      232
      Objective(s): 4


75.   A particularly interesting phenomenon that occurs with the use of LSD is that of
      _________________________, a “mixing of senses,” in which sounds may appear as
      visual images or a visual image changes in rhythm to music.

      Answer:       synesthesia
      Page(s):      232
      Objective(s): 4


76.   The most commonly used illicit drug in the United States, _______________________,
      is derived from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa.

      Answer:       marijuana
      Page(s):      220, 233
      Objective(s): 1, 4


77.   The primary psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is ___________________________,
      which starts a series of cellular reactions that lead to a high or altered state. The amount
      of this ingredient determines the drug’s potency.

      Answer:       THC
      Page(s):      233
      Objective(s): 4


78.   One of the supply reduction strategies in the war against drugs is
      _____________________, intercepting the flow of drugs before they get into the country.

      Answer:        interdiction
      Page(s):       234
       Objective(s): 5


79.    ___________________________ strategies focus on helping addicts reduce any harm
       associated with their drug use.

       Answer:       Harm reduction
       Page(s):      237
       Objective(s): 5


80.    On college campuses, a comprehensive approach to drug abuse prevention known as
       __________________ can be implemented to modify an environment that often benignly
       overlooks drug use and experimentation during college.

       Answer:       environmental management
       Page(s):      235
       Objective(s): 5


Matching Questions

Match the following:

       A)     hallucinogens
       B)     barbiturates
       C)     stimulant
       D)     benzodiazepines
       E)     inhalant

81.    Also called tranquilizers

       Answer:       D
       Page(s):      230
       Objective(s): 4


82.    Caffeine most popular drug of this sort

       Answer:       C
       Page(s):      230
       Objective(s): 4
83.    Alter states of perception and feeling

       Answer:       A
       Page(s):      232
       Objective(s): 4


84.    Used by the youngest drug users

       Answer:       E
       Page(s):      233
       Objective(s): 4


85.    Also called “downers”; powerful sedatives that produce pleasant feelings of relaxation
       when first ingested

       Answer:         B
       Page(s):        225-226
       Objective:      3


Match the following:

       A)     depressants
       B)     inhalants
       C)     opioids
       D)     stimulants

86.    Increases heart rate, blood pressure and metabolism while producing feelings of
       exhilaration

       Answer:       D
       Page(s):      226
       Objective(s): 4


87.    Provide pain relief, euphoria, and drowsiness

       Answer:       C
       Page(s):      231
       Objective(s): 4
88.   Breathable chemical vapors that alter consciousness

      Answer:       B
      Page(s):      233
      Objective(s): 4


89.   Causes reduced pain and anxiety, feelings of well-being, and lowered inhibitions

      Answer:       A
      Page(s):      230
      Objective(s): 4