Physical Science Research Paper

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Physics CP
Mr. Busler
Physics Research Paper: 10% of Marking Period 2 Grade

Background and purpose:
Most of the physics that we study in this course was discovered and formulated by men; this is because
much of the content was discovered prior to the 20th century, and nearly all of it prior to the mid-20th
century. With a few notable exceptions, women prior to the 20th century were shut out of institutions
of higher learning, and were thus largely prohibited from participating in scientific discovery.
For much of the modern world this has fortunately changed; today women make up a significant and
dynamic component of scientific researchers. The purpose of this assignment is thus to help us as a class
develop awareness and appreciation for the current contributions being made to physics by women, and
for the few but sometimes quite important contributions made by female physicists and astronomers
prior to the 20th century.

Assignment:
(1) Write a report on the life and scientific contributions of a female physicist (or astronomer) and
(2) Create and present an accompanying PowerPoint presentation for the class.
Content:
Your report and presentation should include:
 A brief biographical sketch of the subject’s life.
 A description of her contributions to physics and/or astronomy. Be as detailed as possible, with
respect to the scientific principles or discoveries!
 An explanation of the significance of the contributions
 If your subject is pre-1970s, include, if possible, a description of the educational or professional
obstacles that the subject had to overcome.
 Any other interesting information about your subject.

Report:
 1000 or more words, not counting works cited or direct quotes.
 Typed – 1.5 spaced, 12 point font, 0.75 inch margins.
 Include first page heading (left aligned)
o Name , Instructor’s Name, Course Title (Physics CP), Date
 Header on additional pages: last name and page number (right aligned)
 Include a title, an introduction, supporting paragraphs, and a conclusion
 Use correct sentence structure, grammar, paragraph format, and spelling
 DO NOT PLAGIARIZE! – all work must be in your own words, with any direct quotes clearly
referenced. If you are caught plagiarizing, you will receive a 0% for the project
 MLA style format for sources (including in-text citations and “Works cited” page)
 At least three sources
o Books, articles, documentaries, reputable online sources, etc.
o Make sure sources are up-to-date (published within the last 10 years).
o Last page is your work cited. Remember: sources must be presented in alphabetical order.
Physics CP
Mr. Busler
PowerPoint:
 Minimum of 5 slides + title slide + sources page
 Sources on last slide
 Pictures and graphics!
Schedule:
Topic: due Monday, Jan 3, 2011
Paper and presentation: due Monday, Jan 18, 2011. I will accept drafts any time earlier than this date
and will provide feedback and assistance.
****Submit by email to: Mithra_Busler@lyndhurst.k12.nj.us
Lateness: For each day that the research paper is late, 10 points will be deducted from your grade. If it
is more than 5 days late, it will not be accepted.

Grading:
50% paper
50% PowerPoint.

Paper: PowerPoint:
Biographical content: 30% Content 25%
Physics content: 30% Clarity 25%
Style, format, mechanics: 20% Creativity 25%
Sources: 20% Design 25%

Helpful Links for MLA Format and Citing
http://www.lyndhurstschools.net/HS/Resources/LHSMLAHandbook.htm
http://workscited4u.com/

Some suggested sources for subject ideas:
 Byers, Nina (Ed.). (1999). Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics. CWP. Retrieved October
27, 2009, from http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/.
 List of pre-21st-century female scientists." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 26 Sep 2009, 02:41 UTC.
29 Oct 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_pre-21st-
century_female_scientists&oldid=316239198>.
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Women_physicists

Some ideas for subjects:

Pre-20th Century
Hypatia of Alexandria: (4th century BCE) Her contributions to science are reputed to include the charting of
celestial bodies and the invention of the hydrometer, used to determine the relative density and gravity of
liquids.
Maria Margarethe Kirch: (1670- 1720) German astronomer, and one of the first famous astronomers of her
period.
Caroline Lucretia Herschel (1750 –1848) was a German-born English astronomer. Discovered several
comets; in particular the periodic comet 35P/Herschel-Rigollet, which bears her name.
Physics CP
Mr. Busler
Émilie du Châtelet: (!706-1749) Translated Newton’s Principia Mathematica into French, with her own
commentary, including her derivation from its principles of mechanics the notion of conservation of energy.
Predicted infrared radiation, made contributions to concept of conservation of energy.
Sofia Kovalevskaya: (1850- 1891) Russian mathematician and physicist, responsible for important original
contributions to analysis, differential equations and mechanics, and the first woman appointed to a full
professorship in Northern Europe.

20th century
Astrophysics Megaw, Helen Dolan, Louise
Burbidge, E. Margaret Ehrenfest-Afanaseva, Tatiana
Burnell, Jocelyn Bell Distinguished for Public Jeffreys, Bertha Swirles
Faber, Sandra Moore Leavitt, Service Kallosh, Renata
Henrietta Swan Dowdy, Nancy M. O'Fallon Kaufman, Bruria
Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia Noether, Amalie Emmy
Helena Nuclear Physics
Education and the
Rubin, Vera Cooper Ajzenberg Selove,Fay
Profession Brooks, Harriet
DeWitt-Morette, Cecile Curie, Marie Sklodowska
Atomic Molecular and Franz, Judy R.
Optical Physics Ericson, Magda Galula
Jackson, Shirley Ann Gates, Fanny Cook
Bonnelle, Christiane Keith, Marcia Anna
Bramley, Jenny Rosenthal Gleditsch, Ellen
Laird, Elizabeth Rebecca Goldhaber, Gertrude Scharff
Cauchois, Yvette Connes, Maltby, Margaret Eliza
Janine Hayward, Evans
Meyer, Kirstine Bjerrum Joliot-Curie, Irene Karlik,
Sponer, Hertha Phillips, Melba Newell
Hau, Lene Vestergaard Berta
Stone, Isabelle Koller, Noemie Benczer
Whiting, Sarah Frances Mayer, Maria Goeppert
Condensed Matter Xie, Xide (Hsieh, Hsi-teh) Meitner, Lise
Physics Meyer-Schutzmeister, Luise
Ancker-Johnson, Betsy Fluid Dynamics Noddack, Ida Tacke
Blodgett, Katharine Burr Pockels, Agnes Perey, Marguerite Catherine
Cladis, Patricia Elizabeth Polubarinova-Kochina, P. Phillips, Melba Newell
Conwell, Esther Marly Ya. Way, Katharine
Dresselhaus, Mildred
Wu, Chien Shiung
Spiewak Ericson, Magda Fluid Dynamics and
Galula
Plasma Physics Particle and Fields
Kaufman, Bruria
Ayrton, Hertha Marks Baldo-Ceolin, Milla
Sarachik, Myriam P.
Sengers, Johanna Levelt Blau, Marietta
Geophysics Byers, Nina
Lehmann, Inge Edwards, Helen T.
Cosmic Rays
Gaillard, Mary Katharine
Freier, Phyllis S.
Material Physics Goldhaber, Sulamith Hanson,
Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf, Doris Gail Gulledge
Crystallography Lee-Franzini, Juliet
Neumark, Gertrude Fanny
Franklin, Rosalind Quinn, Helen R.
Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot Sechi-Zorn, Bice
Lonsdale, Kathleen Yardley Mathematical Physics
Cartwright, Mary Lucy Wu, Sau Lan
Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne
Physics CP
Mr. Busler