Unit 1 Water Systems Review

							                         Science 8
     Unit 1: Water Systems on Earth’s Surface – Review

Terms:
Atmosphere                   lithosphere                   hydrosphere                 hydrologist
Oceanographer                salinity                      density                     freezing point
Global warming               ice age                       run-off                     erosion
Weathering                   Coriolis force                ocean current               upwelling
Wave                         swells                        breakers                    tsunami
Deposition                   headland                      bay                         tide
Tidal range                  spring tides                  neap tides                  heat capacity
Weather                      climate                       phytoplankton               zooplankton
Wetland                      estuary                       bioindicator species        bioluminescence

   1. What is the distribution of water on earth?
   2. Label a diagram of the water cycle and describe how water moves through it.
   3. Explain the differences between fresh water and ocean water.
   4. What are the 3 sources of fresh water?
   5. How has global warming affected glaciers and what is the result on the environment?
   6. Describe the 4 processes that lead to the formation of ocean basins.
   7. Label a diagram of the components of an ocean basin.
   8. Describe how sonar, satellites, submersibles, deep-sea cameras and scuba diving are used to study
      the oceans.
   9. List the Canadian institutions that are involved in ocean research.
   10. How have technologies used to study the ocean floor improved over time?
   11. Describe the two types of ocean currents.
   12. Explain the 3 causes of surface currents.
   13. Explain how convection currents due to temperature differences cause deep water currents.
   14. Explain how upwelling produces nutrient rich ocean water using the Grand Banks as an example.
   15. Explain how differences in salinity affect density and how together they cause deep water currents.
   16. How do waves form?
   17. Draw a wave diagram and label the 4 parts.
   18. What happens to a wave as it approaches the shoreline?
   19. What are the 4 factors that influence how waves interact with shorelines?
   20. How is wave energy distributed along headlands and bays?
21. Use diagrams to explain how tides are generated by the gravitational force of the moon and sun.
22. Briefly describe the structures designed to prevent damage due to waves and tides.
23. Explain how deposition and erosion result in various shoreline formations. (Computer assignment)
24. Use your knowledge of heat capacity to explain how oceans moderate climate.
25. Draw a diagram to explain how convection currents affect weather.
26. Explain what happens during El Nino and La Nina.
27. How do El Nino and La Nina influence climate on a global basis?
28. What 2 currents are close to NL and how do they affect our climate and weather?
29. How are ocean environments different from freshwater environments and give some examples of
   the types of organisms you would expect to find living there.