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Chapter 16 Practice Test
Matching
Match the terms to the descriptions.
a. Huguenots f. dissenters
b. cabinet g. boyars
c. partition h. El Greco
d. divine right i. electors
e. mercenaries j. intendants
____ 1. the belief that a monarch’s authority comes directly from God
____ 2. high-ranking government leaders who advise the head of state
____ 3. landowning Russian nobles under Peter the Great
____ 4. German princes who chose the Holy Roman emperor
____ 5. French Protestants whose freedoms were protected by Henry IV
____ 6. the division of Poland among Russia, Prussia, and Austria
____ 7. English Protestants who differed with the Church of England
____ 8. a Greek painter who was a master of the Spanish style
____ 9. soldiers for hire
____ 10. royal officials who carried out the policies of Louis XIV
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 11. What was a major threat to the empire of Charles V?
a. Ottomans advancing across Europe
b. a Protestant rebellion in Portugal
c. the War of the Spanish Succession
d. an English invasion of Europe
____ 12. An important goal of Philip II of Spain was to
a. defend the Catholic Reformation.
b. make peace with England.
c. end the Inquisition in the Netherlands.
d. promote religious freedom.
____ 13. In 1598, the Edict of Nantes helped to ensure
a. that France and Spain would not unite.
b. that Germans could choose their own religion.
c. that French Catholics would not be persecuted.
d. that French Protestants would not be persecuted.
____ 14. When the Huguenots left France in the 1680s, their departure
a. weakened the army of Louis XIV.
b. seriously hurt the French economy.
c. destroyed the power base of Henry IV.
d. damaged the French bureaucracy.
____ 15. The Long Parliament met when Charles I requested funds to
a. suppress a Catholic rebellion.
b. suppress a Scottish rebellion.
c. run the Commonwealth.
d. build up his New Model Army.
____ 16. What type of government was created in England by the Glorious Revolution?
a. absolute monarchy c. limited monarchy
b. republic d. democracy
____ 17. What was a result of the treaty known as the Peace of Westphalia in 1648?
a. France gained territory on its Spanish and German frontiers.
b. Germany became united under a strong, central government.
c. The Netherlands became part of the Hapsburg empire.
d. Poland was divided among Russia, Prussia, and Austria.
____ 18. What did Maria Theresa do to strengthen the Hapsburg empire?
a. She drove the Prussians out of Silesia.
b. She reorganized the Hapsburg bureaucracy.
c. She established Austria’s overseas colonies.
d. She negotiated the Peace of Westphalia.
____ 19. Peter the Great waged war against the Ottoman empire to
a. break the Ottoman siege of Vienna.
b. gain a warm-water port on the Mediterranean Sea.
c. capture the Ottoman port of Constantinople.
d. gain a warm-water port on the Black Sea.
____ 20. Under the rule of Catherine the Great,
a. taxes increased for wealthy landowners.
b. conditions improved for Russian peasants.
c. Russia ended its cultural link with the West.
d. Russia seized lands in eastern Poland.
____ 21. What was a major cause of conflict within the empire of King Charles V?
a. Charles suppressed Protestantism in the German states.
b. Charles fought his brother in a series of religious wars.
c. Saxons invaded France and tried to occupy Paris.
d. Ottoman forces overran much of southern France.
____ 22. Which painter was known for his vivid royal portraits at the court of King Philip IV during Spain’s
golden age?
a. Diego Velázquez c. Fernando Gallego
b. Pedro Serra d. Nicolás Francés
____ 23. Under the rule of Philip II, which of these events helped to increase Spanish power?
a. The Muslims were expelled from Spain.
b. The Huguenots were expelled from Spain.
c. The Ottomans were defeated at Lepanto.
d. The Protestants were defeated in the Netherlands.
____ 24. How did Louis XIV govern France in 1661 after the death of his chief minister?
a. He took complete control of the government.
b. He ruled in partnership with the Estates General.
c. He tried to share power with all French social classes.
d. He established a republic known as the Commonwealth.
____ 25. Louis XIV appointed royal officials from the middle class to his bureaucracy because
a. he wanted to hear their ideas about governing France.
b. the appointments persuaded them to support the arts.
c. they asked to participate in his morning levée ritual.
d. they helped to check the power of the nobles and Church.
____ 26. Finance minister Jean Baptiste Colbert helped to make France the wealthiest state in Europe by
a. ending many years of costly foreign wars.
b. requiring French nobles to pay high taxes.
c. lowering tariffs on imported goods to increase trade.
d. imposing mercantilist policies to bolster the economy.
____ 27. Which group consisted of dissenters who sought to change Catholic practices in the Church of England?
a. Jacobins c. Puritans
b. Huguenots d. Cavaliers
____ 28. During the English Commonwealth period, the Levellers demanded that
a. all Christians should have religious freedom.
b. all citizens should have a voice in government.
c. the Anglican monarchy should be restored.
d. King Charles I should be executed.
____ 29. The Tories were an English political party that
a. supported broad royal powers. c. was dominated by Roman Catholics.
b. reflected urban business interests. d. supported religious toleration.
____ 30. Which of the following was one result of the English Bill of Rights of 1689?
a. The two-party system of government was established.
b. The prime minister became the chief government official.
c. The monarch could not interfere in parliamentary debates.
d. All dissenters were granted limited religious freedom.
____ 31. One effect of the Thirty Years’ War was
a. the unification of Germany.
b. the outlawing of mercenaries.
c. the end of the Holy Roman Empire.
d. the severe depopulation of Europe.
____ 32. How did Frederick William I help to unify Prussia after the death of his father in 1713?
a. He claimed the title of Holy Roman emperor.
b. He promoted religious tolerance throughout Prussia.
c. He signed the treaties known as the Peace of Westphalia.
d. He gave the Junkers positions in the army and government.
____ 33. By 1750, Prussia and Austria
a. were competing to develop their overseas empires.
b. were battling for control of the German states.
c. had taken major steps toward constitutional government.
d. had agreed to work together against their chief foe, Russia.
____ 34. How did Peter the Great gain territory for Russia along the Baltic Sea?
a. He seized territory from the Ottomans.
b. He signed a treaty with Quing China.
c. He won a long war with Sweden.
d. He won a long war with Denmark.
____ 35. What contributed to the start of the English Civil War?
a. Charles I refused to sign the English Bill of Rights.
b. Charles I refused to sign the Petition of Right.
c. Parliament executed the chief ministers of Charles I.
d. Parliament refused to approve the Act of Supremacy.
____ 36. Which of the following was a reason for the decline of Spain’s power?
a. The defeat of the English by the Spanish c. The victory of the Turks over the Spanish
Armanda. fleet at Lepanto.
b. The expulsion of Muslims & Jews from d. Philip’s centralization of royal authority.
Spain.
____ 37. Spain’s greatest writer, the author of Don Quixote, was
a. Miguel Cervantes c. Lope de Vega
b. El Greco d. Diego Velazquez
____ 38. Cardinal Richelieu is known for
a. rebelling against Louis XIII. c. weakening the power of the Huguenots
and nobles.
b. strengthening the Estates-General. d. serving under Louis XIV.
____ 39. The Dutch and the English wanted to maintain a balance of power to
a. Allow Phillip V to rule Spain and c. expell Muslims and Jews from Spain.
Germany.
b. prevent France from dominating Europe. d. support a “splendid century”.
____ 40. The Stuart kings claim to absolute power was challenged by
a. the Tudors c. the Cavaliers
b. Parliament d. the Church of England
____ 41. Which country gained territory in the Peace of Westphalia?
a. Bohemia c. Germany
b. France d. the Netherlands
____ 42. By the 1700’s, which empire included Germans, Slavs, Magyars, and Italians?
a. the Bohemian Empire c. the French Empire
b. the Hapsburg Empire d. the Prussian Empire
____ 43. At the end of the Seven Years’ War
a. France controlled Africa c. Great Britain had a huge empire
b. Prussia and Austria were united d. Russia was an ally of Britain
____ 44. In what way was Catherine the Great similar to Peter the Great?
a. Both governed with the help of the c. Both wanted Russia to develop apart from
Russian parliament. Western Europe.
b. Both were born in Germany but became d. Both worked to bring Russia into
Russian rulers. European politics.
____ 45. In order to avoid war over Poland, the countries of Russia, Prussia, and Austria
a. decided to divide Poland among c. allowed Poland to choose its own ruler
themselves. and form a government.
b. asked France to decide Poland’s fate. d. forced the boyars to emigrate to Poland
and form a protectorate.
____ 46. Peter the Great’s goals for Russia included
a. increasing the powers of the Russian c. increasing the powers of the boyars.
Orthodox Church.
b. eliminating the use of serfs on large d. centralizing royal power and strengthening
estates. the military.
Short Answer
“The royal power is absolute. . . . [the King] need render account of his acts to no one. . . . Without
this absolute authority the king could neither do good nor repress evil. It is necessary that his power
be such that no one can hope to escape him. . . . The prince . . . is not regarded as a private person:
he is a public personage, all the state is in him; the will of all the people is included in his. As all
perfection and all strength are united in God, so all the power of individuals is united in the person
of the prince.”
—Bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, “Politics Drawn from the Very
Words of Scripture,” 1679
47. Recognize Ideologies What ideology is expressed in this excerpt? What became a popular argument against
this idea after the Glorious Revolution in England?
48. Summarize Describe Peter the Great’s attempts to westernize Russia. In what ways did he fail? In what ways
did he succeed?
49. Make Comparisons Compare the relationship of Parliament with the Tudors and the Stuarts. Why were the
relationships different?
50. Draw Conclusions How did the Puritans’ actions during the Commonwealth period help lead to the
Restoration in England?
51. Demonstrate Reasoned Judgment Which nation had become stronger by the mid-1700s, Austria or Prussia?
Explain your answer.
52. Express Problems Clearly What challenges did the Hapsburgs face following the Peace of Westphalia?
53. Recognize Cause and Effect Why did Louis XIV revoke the Edict of Nantes? What was the effect of this
decision?
54. Identify Central Issues Explain how actions by King James II helped to bring about the Glorious
Revolution.
55. Synthesize Information Describe the local conflict that sparked the Thirty Years’ War. How did it widen
into a general European war?
Chapter 16 Practice Test
Answer Section
MATCHING
1. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 506
OBJ: 16.1.2 Analyze how Spanish power increased under Philip II.
TOP: divine right
2. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: pp. 522-523
OBJ: 16.3.4 Explain the development of English constitutional government.
TOP: English government
3. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 531
OBJ: 16.5.1 Explain how Peter the Great tried to make Russia into a modern state.
TOP: Russia under Peter the Great
4. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 525
OBJ: 16.4.1 Outline causes and results of the Thirty Years' War.
TOP: Holy Roman Empire
5. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 510
OBJ: 16.2.1 Understand how Henry IV rebuilt France after the wars of religion.
TOP: France under Henry IV
6. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 535
OBJ: 16.5.3 Describe how Catherine the Great strengthened Russia.
TOP: partitions of Poland
7. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 517
OBJ: 16.3.2 Analyze how clashes between the Stuarts and Parliament ushered in a century of revolution.
TOP: England under James I
8. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 508
OBJ: 16.1.3 Explain how the arts flourished during Spain's golden age.
TOP: the arts during Spain's golden age
9. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 527
OBJ: 16.4.1 Outline causes and results of the Thirty Years' War.
TOP: Thirty Years' War
10. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 512
OBJ: 16.2.2 Explain how Louis XIV became an absolute monarch.
TOP: France under Louis XIV
MULTIPLE CHOICE
11. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 504
OBJ: 16.1.1 Describe the empire that Charles V inherited. TOP: empire of Charles V
12. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 508
OBJ: 16.1.2 Analyze how Spanish power increased under Philip II.
TOP: Spain under Philip II
13. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 510
OBJ: 16.2.1 Understand how Henry IV rebuilt France after the wars of religion.
TOP: France under Henry IV
14. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 514
OBJ: 16.2.4 Identify Louis XIV's successes and failures. TOP: France under Louis XIV
15. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 517
OBJ: 16.3.2 Analyze how clashes between the Stuarts and Parliament ushered in a century of revolution.
TOP: England under Charles I
16. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 522
OBJ: 16.3.3 Understand how the English Civil War and the development of the Commonwealth led to the
Glorious Revolution. TOP: England's Glorious Revolution
17. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 527
OBJ: 16.4.1 Outline causes and results of the Thirty Years' War.
TOP: Thirty Years' War
18. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 529
OBJ: 16.4.2 Understand how Austria and Prussia emerged as great powers.
TOP: Hapsburg Austria
19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 531-532
OBJ: 16.5.2 Identify the steps Peter took to expand Russia's borders.
TOP: Russia under Peter the Great
20. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 535
OBJ: 16.5.3 Describe how Catherine the Great strengthened Russia.
TOP: Russia under Catherine the Great
21. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 505
OBJ: 16.1.1 Describe the empire that Charles V inherited. TOP: empire of Charles V
22. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 508
OBJ: 16.1.3 Explain how the arts flourished during Spain's golden age.
TOP: the arts during Spain's golden age
23. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 507
OBJ: 16.1.2 Analyze how Spanish power increased under Philip II.
TOP: Spain under Philip II
24. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 511
OBJ: 16.2.2 Explain how Louis XIV became an absolute monarch.
TOP: France under Louis XIV
25. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 512
OBJ: 16.2.2 Explain how Louis XIV became an absolute monarch.
TOP: France under Louis XIV
26. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 512
OBJ: 16.2.2 Explain how Louis XIV became an absolute monarch.
TOP: France under Louis XIV
27. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 517
OBJ: 16.3.2 Analyze how clashes between the Stuarts and Parliament ushered in a century of revolution.
TOP: England under James I
28. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 520
OBJ: 16.3.3 Understand how the English Civil War and the development of the Commonwealth led to the
Glorious Revolution. TOP: England during the Commonwealth
29. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 522
OBJ: 16.3.4 Explain the development of English constitutional government.
TOP: English constitutional government
30. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 522
OBJ: 16.3.4 Explain the development of English constitutional government.
TOP: English constitutional government
31. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 527
OBJ: 16.4.1 Outline causes and results of the Thirty Years' War.
TOP: Thirty Years' War
32. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 528
OBJ: 16.4.2 Understand how Austria and Prussia emerged as great powers.
TOP: Hohenzollern Prussia
33. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 529
OBJ: 16.4.3 Describe how European diplomats tried to maintain a balance of power.
TOP: Prussia and Austria as rivals
34. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 532
OBJ: 16.5.2 Identify the steps Peter took to expand Russia's borders.
TOP: Russia under Peter the Great
35. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 517
OBJ: 16.3.2 Analyze how clashes between the Stuarts and Parliament ushered in a century of revolution.
TOP: England under Charles I
36. ANS: B PTS: 1
37. ANS: A PTS: 1
38. ANS: C PTS: 1
39. ANS: B PTS: 1
40. ANS: B PTS: 1
41. ANS: B PTS: 1
42. ANS: B PTS: 1
43. ANS: C PTS: 1
44. ANS: D PTS: 1
45. ANS: A PTS: 1
46. ANS: D PTS: 1
SHORT ANSWER
47. ANS:
Possible response: The excerpt expresses the ideology of the divine right of the monarchy or the belief that a
monarch’s authority to rule comes directly from God. This means a king has absolute power that should not
be questioned. An argument against divine right is that everyone in the state is subject to the “rule of law,”
even a king. Divine right also conflicts with the idea, promoted in the writings of John Locke, that all people
have the natural rights of life, liberty, and property. If this is true, then a king does not have the authority to
deprive a citizen of these rights except under provisions of the law.
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: pp. 511-512 | p. 522
OBJ: 16.2.2 Explain how Louis XIV became an absolute monarch.
TOP: France under Louis XIV
48. ANS:
Possible response: Peter learned much from his trip to the West in 1697. As a result, he recruited a band of
technical experts, soldiers, and teachers from Western Europe to return with him to Russia to implement
Western ideas. However, many Russians were very resistant to this. To force Russians to accept
westernization, Peter became highly autocratic. He forced nobles to dress in Western fashions and adopt
Western customs at court, symbolically breaking with Russia’s past. He also introduced new technology into
the country, improved education, and simplified the Russian alphabet. After Peter’s death, many Russian
nobles abandoned his Western ideas, since Peter could no longer enforce his views. In addition, his policies
contributed to the growth of serfdom, which set Russia moving in the opposite direction of Western Europe.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 530-533
OBJ: 16.5.1 Explain how Peter the Great tried to make Russia into a modern state.
TOP: Russia under Peter the Great
49. ANS:
Possible response: Both the Tudors and Stuarts believed in divine right, but the Tudors had a working
relationship with Parliament. This cooperative relationship was established when Tudor King Henry VIII
broke with the Roman Catholic Church. Parliament supported him when he turned to it to legitimize his
actions. He also frequently needed to ask Parliament to levy new taxes to fund his overseas wars. In this
tradition, Elizabeth I also was able to work with Parliament to achieve her goals. In contrast, the Stuarts were
vocal in their beliefs about divine right and openly hostile to Parliament. James I fought with Parliament over
divine right. At one point, he dissolved Parliament and collected taxes on his own. Charles I, his son,
dissolved Parliament for 11 years and ruled as an absolute monarch, setting the stage for civil war.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 516-517
OBJ: 16.3.1 Describe the Tudor monarchs' relations with Parliament.
TOP: Tudor monarchs of England
50. ANS:
Possible response: Once they gained power at the end of the English Civil War, the Puritans enacted a series
of laws enforcing their austere religious beliefs. For example, they closed all theaters and made sure that
Sunday was set aside for religious observances. Many English grew tired of living under such strict Puritan
edicts and the military rule that came with it. So, upon the death of Oliver Cromwell (who was virtually the
dictator of the Commonwealth), Parliament invited King Charles II to return from exile, restoring the crown
to England.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 520
OBJ: 16.3.3 Understand how the English Civil War and the development of the Commonwealth led to the
Glorious Revolution. TOP: the English Commonwealth
51. ANS:
Possible response: By the mid-1700s, Prussia had become stronger than Austria. Hapsburg Austria attempted
to unite various lands such as Bohemia, Hungary, and parts of Poland and Italy. However, this was difficult
because of geography and cultural diversity. The Hapsburgs never developed a strong centralized
government. In contrast, the Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia set up an efficient central bureaucracy. Prussia
also had one of the best armies in Europe. Prussia’s strength was shown in 1740 when the Prussian army
seized the Austrian province of Silesia. Austria was unable to force Prussia out of the region. Prussian ruler
Frederick the Great used his army to expand his territory in other parts of Europe as well.
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: pp. 527-529
OBJ: 16.4.2 Understand how Austria and Prussia emerged as great powers.
TOP: Hohenzollern Prussia
52. ANS:
Possible response: The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years’ War, was not beneficial to the
Hapsburgs. The Hapsburgs had been severely weakened by the war. Through the treaty, they had to accept the
almost total independence of all the princes of the Holy Roman Empire. Also, the Netherlands and Swiss
Federation became independent states. The remaining Hapsburg lands were widely divided by geography and
culture, making them difficult to govern. They also began to face a strong challenge in the region from
Prussia.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: pp. 527-528
OBJ: 16.4.1 Outline causes and results of the Thirty Years' War.
TOP: Thirty Years' War
53. ANS:
Possible response: The Edict of Nantes had granted certain religious freedoms to French Protestants called
Huguenots. Louis revoked the Edict of Nantes because he saw the Huguenots as a threat to French unity. His
decision caused thousands of Huguenots to leave France. This deprived the country of some of its hardest
working and most prosperous citizens. Their departure seriously weakened the French economy.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 514
OBJ: 16.2.4 Identify Louis XIV's successes and failures. TOP: France under Louis XIV
54. ANS:
Possible response: James II suspended laws on a whim and openly practiced his Roman Catholic faith. He
appointed his Catholic supporters to high office. This frightened many English Protestants. They thought that
James might try to restore the Roman Catholic Church in England. This fear prompted Parliament to invite
the king’s Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William to become England’s monarchs. Their arrival in
England with an army in 1688 caused James II to leave the country.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 521
OBJ: 16.3.2 Analyze how clashes between the Stuarts and Parliament ushered in a century of revolution.
TOP: England's Glorious Revolution
55. ANS:
Possible response: The Thirty Years’ War was sparked by an event in Bohemia. Ferdinand, the Catholic
Hapsburg king of Bohemia, sought to suppress Protestants there and to become dominant over the nobles. In
1618, a few Protestant nobles assaulted some of Ferdinand’s royal officials. This act, known as the
Defenestration of Prague, started a general Protestant revolt. Ferdinand moved to suppress it. The next year
Ferdinand was elected Holy Roman Emperor. He gained the support of Spain, Poland, and other Catholic
states in a broad effort to roll back the Reformation by force. He defeated the Bohemians. This alarmed the
Protestant powers, who feared that Ferdinand might be successful in overturning the Reformation. The
Protestant powers, including the Netherlands and Sweden, sent troops into Germany. The war continued to
widen and changed to become increasingly political.
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 525 | p. 527
OBJ: 16.4.1 Outline causes and results of the Thirty Years' War.
TOP: Thirty Years' War
