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Shimla City Development Plan
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................1
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 11
1.1 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................11
1.2 OBJECTIVES AND GOALS OF JNNURM ......................................................................11
1.3 OBJECTIVES AND GOALS OF SHIMLA CDP .................................................................12
1.4 SCOPE OF CDP ............................................................................................................12
1.5 APPROACH ..................................................................................................................13
1.6 STATE COMMITMENT..................................................................................................13
1.7 STRUCTURE OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN ................................................................13
1.8 DATA LIMITATIONS ....................................................................................................14
2 CONSULTATIVE PROCESS & VISION ................................................................ 15
2.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................15
2.2 THE CONSULTATIVE PROCESS .....................................................................................15
2.3 DEPARTMENTAL DISCUSSIONS ...................................................................................15
2.4 FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS ......................................................................................16
2.5 STAKEHOLDERS’ CONSULTATION WORKSHOP ...........................................................16
2.6 NGO WORKSHOP ........................................................................................................18
2.7 WEB-BASED FEEDBACK ..............................................................................................19
2.8 FINALIZATION WORKSHOP .......................................................................................19
2.9 URBAN POOR WORKSHOP..........................................................................................19
2.10 KEY PRIORITIES IN THE CIY .......................................................................................20
2.11 FORMULATION OF VISION FOR SHIMLA .....................................................................21
2.12 SECTOR VISION ...........................................................................................................22
3 OVERVIEW OF SHIMLA .................................................................................... 24
3.1 EVOLUTION OF CITY ...................................................................................................24
3.2 GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING ...........................................................................................24
3.3 HILLY AREA................................................................................................................25
3.4 GEOLOGY ....................................................................................................................25
3.5 CLIMATE .....................................................................................................................25
3.6 REGIONAL LINKAGES .................................................................................................26
3.7 DEFINING THE PROGRAMME REGION .........................................................................26
3.8 CITY FUNCTIONS ........................................................................................................27
4 DEMOGRAPHY................................................................................................. 29
4.1 POPULATION ...............................................................................................................29
4.2 FLOATING POPULATION ..............................................................................................29
4.3 LITERACY, SEX RATIO AND AGE COMPOSITION ........................................................30
4.4 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE ......................................................................................30
4.5 POPULATION PROJECTION ..........................................................................................31
5 ECONOMIC BASE ............................................................................................ 32
5.1 OVERVIEW OF ECONOMIC SITUATION IN HIMACHAL PRADESH .................................32
5.2 OVERVIEW OF SHIMLA ECONOMICS ...........................................................................32
5.3 WORK FORCE PARTICIPATION .....................................................................................32
5.4 INDUSTRIES .................................................................................................................33
5.5 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL, STRATEGY AND RECOMMENDATIONS..................................35
6 GOVERNANCE & INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .............................................. 38
6.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................38
6.2 74TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACT ................................................................38
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6.3 GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE FOR SHIMLA ....................................................................39
6.4 LOCAL BODIES ............................................................................................................39
6.5 STATE GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS ........................................................................43
6.6 STATUTORY BODIES ...................................................................................................45
6.7 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES .............................................................................47
6.8 PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP ..................................................................................48
6.9 ISSUES AND CONCERNS ..............................................................................................48
6.10 VISION AND STRATEGY ..............................................................................................49
6.11 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN ...................................................................................50
7 PLANNING ....................................................................................................... 51
7.1 OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOWN ....................................................................51
7.2 SHIMLA PLANNING AREA ...........................................................................................51
7.3 POLICY, LEGAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................52
7.4 PHYSICAL PLANNING ..................................................................................................53
7.5 PLANNING ISSUES IN DEVELOPMENT OF HILL AREA .................................................56
7.6 VISION AND STRATEGY ..............................................................................................56
7.7 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN ...................................................................................59
7.8 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS .................................................................................60
8 WATER SUPPLY ................................................................................................. 61
8.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................61
8.2 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ...................................................61
8.3 SOURCES OF WATER ...................................................................................................61
8.4 TREATMENT OF WATER ..............................................................................................65
8.5 PRESENT TRANSMISSION AND STORAGE CAPACITIES ................................................65
8.6 LOCAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: .................................................................................67
8.7 SERVICE COVERAGE: ..................................................................................................68
8.8 WATER DEMAND AND DEFICIT ..................................................................................69
8.9 WATER CHARGES .......................................................................................................70
8.10 COST OF WATER AND SUBSIDY ON WATER................................................................71
8.11 UNACCOUNTED FOR WATER ......................................................................................71
8.12 ISSUES AND ASPECTS ..................................................................................................72
8.13 VISION AND GOALS ....................................................................................................73
8.14 STRATEGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF INTERVENTIONS ................................................73
8.15 PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK ..............................................................74
8.16 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN ...................................................................................76
8.17 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS .................................................................................77
9 SEWERAGE SYSTEM .......................................................................................... 80
9.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................80
9.2 POLICY, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .......................................80
9.3 SEWERAGE SYSTEM ....................................................................................................80
9.4 NETWORK COVERAGE ................................................................................................80
9.5 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS....................................................................................82
9.6 RECYCLING AND REUSE OF TREATED WATER ...........................................................84
9.7 TARIFF NOTIFICATION ................................................................................................84
9.8 ISSUES AND ASPECTS ..................................................................................................84
9.9 VISION AND GOALS ....................................................................................................85
9.10 STRATEGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF INTERVENTIONS ................................................85
9.11 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN ...................................................................................86
9.12 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS .................................................................................87
10 STORM WATER DRAINAGE............................................................................... 89
10.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................89
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10.2 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITY ................................................................................89
10.3 NATURAL DRAINS.......................................................................................................89
10.4 ROAD SIDE DRAINS ....................................................................................................89
10.5 ISSUES AND ASPECTS ..................................................................................................91
10.6 VISION AND GOALS ....................................................................................................91
10.7 STRATEGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF INTERVENTIONS ................................................92
10.8 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN ...................................................................................93
10.9 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS .................................................................................94
11 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT .......................................................................... 96
11.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................96
11.2 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ...................................................96
11.3 GENERATION...............................................................................................................96
11.4 COLLECTION ...............................................................................................................97
11.5 TRANSPORTATION ......................................................................................................98
11.6 PROCESSING AND TREATMENT ...................................................................................98
11.7 DISPOSAL ....................................................................................................................98
11.8 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE ......................................................................................98
11.9 FINANCIALS ................................................................................................................99
11.10 ROLE OF PRIVATE SECTOR .........................................................................................99
11.11 ISSUES AND CONCERNS ............................................................................................100
11.12 VISION AND GOALS ..................................................................................................102
11.13 STRATEGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF INTERVENTIONS ..............................................102
11.14 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN .................................................................................105
11.15 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS ...............................................................................106
12 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ....................................................................111
12.1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................111
12.2 POLICY, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .....................................111
12.3 REGIONAL ROAD NETWORK .....................................................................................113
12.4 MOBILITY IN SHIMLA................................................................................................114
12.5 REGISTERED VEHICLES: COMPOSITION AND GROWTH ............................................121
12.6 TRAFFIC FLOWS AND TRAFFIC DEMAND ..................................................................123
12.7 SETTLEMENT WISE WORK FORCE PARTICIPATION AND TRIP DISTANCE ................124
12.8 MODE AND MODAL SPLIT.........................................................................................125
12.9 PUBLIC TRANSPORT ..................................................................................................125
12.10 PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES ...........................................................................................129
12.11 PARKING ...................................................................................................................131
12.12 JUNCTIONS ................................................................................................................135
12.13 BOTTLENECKS ..........................................................................................................135
12.14 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT SAFETY...........................................................................136
12.15 ISSUES AND ASPECTS ................................................................................................137
12.16 VISION AND GOALS ..................................................................................................139
12.17 STRATEGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF INTERVENTIONS ..............................................139
12.18 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN .................................................................................147
12.19 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SHEETS.........................................................................148
13 TOURISM..........................................................................................................162
13.1 TOURISM IN INDIA- AN OVERVIEW ..........................................................................162
13.2 TOURISM IN HIMACHAL PRADESH - AN OVERVIEW .................................................162
13.3 SITUATION ANALYSIS ...............................................................................................164
13.4 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .................................................167
13.5 ISSUES AND CONCERNS ............................................................................................169
13.6 VISION AND GOALS ..................................................................................................170
13.7 STRATEGY .................................................................................................................171
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13.8 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN .................................................................................173
13.9 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS ...............................................................................174
14 ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS ........................................................................180
14.1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................180
14.2 ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION STATUS .................................................................180
14.3 GARDENS, OPEN SPACES AND URBAN FORESTS ......................................................184
15 DISASTER MANAGEMENT ...............................................................................190
15.1 NATURAL HAZARDS .................................................................................................190
15.2 FIRE HAZARDS ..........................................................................................................190
15.3 ISSUES AND CONCERNS ............................................................................................191
15.4 STRATEGY .................................................................................................................192
15.5 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN .................................................................................192
16 HERITAGE CONSERVATION ............................................................................195
16.1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................195
16.2 EXISTING STATUS .....................................................................................................195
16.3 RESTORATION OF GAIETY THEATRE ........................................................................197
16.4 POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .....................................198
16.5 ISSUES AND CONCERNS ............................................................................................198
16.6 VISION AND GOALS ..................................................................................................198
16.7 STRATEGY .................................................................................................................199
16.8 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN .................................................................................201
16.9 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS ...............................................................................202
17 HOUSING AND URBAN POOR ........................................................................203
17.1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................203
17.2 OVERVIEW OF EARLIER LAND SUPPLY FOR HOUSING .............................................203
17.3 LAND AND HOUSING PROVISION IN SHIMLA ............................................................203
17.4 HOUSING PROJECTIONS ............................................................................................204
17.5 POLICY, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK : HOUSING ...................205
17.6 ISSUES AND CONCERNS: HOUSING ...........................................................................205
17.7 STRATEGY: HOUSING................................................................................................206
17.8 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN .................................................................................206
17.9 URBAN POOR ............................................................................................................207
17.10 BASIC SERVICES TO THE URBAN POOR .....................................................................210
17.11 POLICY, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK: URBAN POOR .............212
17.12 SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTS ON URBAN POOR ..............................................212
17.13 ALLOCATION OF THE INVESTMENT PLAN TO THE URBAN POOR ...............................213
17.14 ISSUES: URBAN POOR ...............................................................................................215
17.15 VISION AND GOALS ..................................................................................................215
17.16 STRATEGY: URBAN POOR .........................................................................................215
17.17 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN .................................................................................217
17.18 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS ...............................................................................218
18 OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES .......................................................222
18.1 POWER ......................................................................................................................222
18.2 E-GOVERNANCE .......................................................................................................224
18.3 HEALTH AND EDUCATION ........................................................................................225
19 FINANCIAL PROFILE ........................................................................................226
19.1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................226
19.2 REVENUE SOURCES ..................................................................................................227
19.3 EXPENDITURE TREATMENT ......................................................................................227
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19.4 FINANCIAL STATUS AT A GLANCE ............................................................................227
19.5 REVENUE ACCOUNT .................................................................................................229
19.6 CAPITAL ACCOUNT ...................................................................................................236
19.7 OUTSTANDING LIABILITIES AND ASSETS .................................................................238
19.8 KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS ....................................................................................239
19.9 KEY ISSUES ...............................................................................................................240
19.10 VISION AND STRATEGY ............................................................................................240
20 REFORM AGENDA STATUS ..............................................................................243
20.1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................243
20.2 ADOPTION OF MODERN ACCRUAL BASED DOUBLE ENTRY ACCOUNT SYSTEM .........243
20.3 INTRODUCTION OF E-GOVERNANCE SYSTEM ..........................................................243
20.4 PROPERTY TAX REFORM ..........................................................................................244
20.5 BY LAWS...................................................................................................................244
21 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN ..................................................................................247
21.1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................247
21.2 CAVEATS FOR CITY INVESTMENT PLAN ...................................................................247
21.3 SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS WITH IDENTIFIED PROJECTS .......................................248
21.4 SECTORWISE SOURCES OF FUNDS & IMPEMENTATION FRAMEWORK ......................249
21.5 FINANCING STRATEGIES ...........................................................................................258
22 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN .................................................................................259
22.1 PRIORITIZATION ........................................................................................................259
22.2 IMPLMENTATION TIMELINE ......................................................................................263
22.3 ACTION PLAN FOR JNNURM IMPLEMENTATION.....................................................264
23 ANNEXURES ....................................................................................................268
23.1 PROCEEDINGS OF CONSULTATION WORKSHOP .........................................................268
23.2 PROCEEDINGS OF NGO WORKSHOP........................................................................276
23.3 PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP WITH URBAN POOR ..................................................278
23.4 PROCEEDING OF FINAL WORKSHOP .........................................................................279
23.5 LIST OF IDENTIFIED NALLAHS ..................................................................................281
23.6 LIST OF OPEN DRAINS ..............................................................................................282
23.7 LIST OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS .................................................................................284
23.8 FINANCIAL ASSESSMENT OF LAST FIVE YEARS ........................................................287
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List of Figures
FIGURE 2.1 STAKEHOLDERS’ CONSULTATION ............................................................................................ 18
FIGURE 3.1 HIMACHAL PRADESH MAP ...................................................................................................... 25
FIGURE 3.2 SHIMLA PLANNING AREA ........................................................................................................ 26
FIGURE 3.3 SHIMLA CITY FUNCTIONS ........................................................................................................ 27
FIGURE 4.1 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE ................................................................................................... 30
FIGURE 4.2 SHIMLA PLANNING AREA – POPULATION PROJECTIONS ......................................................... 31
FIGURE 6.1 ELECTED BODY OF SHIMLA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ......................................................... 40
FIGURE 6.2 ADMINISTRATIVE BODY OF SHIMLA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ............................................. 42
FIGURE 7.1 EXISTING LANDUSE PATTERN OF SHIMLA PLANNING AREA ................................................... 53
FIGURE 7.2 PROPOSED LANDUSE PATTERN OF SHIMLA PLANNING AREA .................................................. 54
FIGURE 7.3 PROPOSED LANDUSE PATTERN OF SHIMLA PLANNING AREA ................................................. 55
FIGURE 7.4 PLANNING STRATEGIES FOR SHIMLA PLANNING AREA ........................................................... 57
FIGURE 8.1 SOURCES OF WATER FOR SHIMLA PLANNING AREA ................................................................. 64
FIGURE 8.2 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF SHIMLA ....................................................................... 66
FIGURE 8.3 WATER SUPPLY PIPELINES ...................................................................................................... 68
FIGURE 9.1 EXISTING SEWERAGE SYSTEM OF SHIMLA............................................................................... 81
FIGURE 11.1 SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND PROJECTION ........................................................................ 97
FIGURE 12.1 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK OF SHIMLA PLANNING AREA .................................................... 118
FIGURE 12.2 NUMBER OF TICKETS SOLD FOR USAGE OF LIFT .................................................................. 121
FIGURE 12.3 COMPOSITION OF REGISTERED VEHICLES IN SHIMLA PLANNING AREA ............................. 122
FIGURE 12.5 SETTLEMENT WISE WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION ................................................................ 124
FIGURE 12.6 MODE CHOICE AND MODAL SPLIT OF WORK TRIPS ........................................................... 125
FIGURE 13.1 DOMESTIC TOURIST PATRONAGE IN VARIOUS STATES ......................................................... 163
FIGURE 13.2 FOREIGN TOURIST PATRONAGE IN VARIOUS STATES........................................................... 163
FIGURE 13.3 TOURIST INFLOW TO SHIMLA .............................................................................................. 165
FIGURE 13.4 SEASONAL VARIATION OF TOURIST IN SHIMLA .................................................................... 166
FIGURE 13.5 BED CAPACITY VS. TOURIST INFLOW ................................................................................. 166
FIGURE 13.6 PROJECTION OF TOURISTS .................................................................................................. 167
FIGURE 17.1 HOUSING PROJECTIONS....................................................................................................... 204
FIGURE 17.2 WARD-WISE SLUM POPULATION IN SHIMLA ......................................................................... 207
FIGURE 18.1 DETAILS OF POWER CONSUMPTION .................................................................................... 223
FIGURE 18.2 PROJECTION OF POWER DEMAND ....................................................................................... 223
FIGURE 19.1 STRUCTURE OF MUNICIPAL FINANCES ................................................................................ 226
FIGURE 19.2 INCOME EXPENDITURE DETAILS OF SHIMLA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ............................ 228
FIGURE 19.3 DETAILS OF REVENUE INCOME ........................................................................................... 229
FIGURE 19.4 DETAILS OF NON-TAX INCOME........................................................................................... 231
FIGURE 22.1 SECTOR-WISE PRIORITIES ................................................................................................... 259
FIGURE 22.2 WATER SUPPLY- INTERVENTION PRIORITIES ...................................................................... 260
FIGURE 22.3 SEWERAGE - INTERVENTION PRIORITIES ............................................................................. 260
FIGURE 22.4 TOURISM - INTERVENTION PRIORITIES ................................................................................ 261
FIGURE 22.5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT- INTERVENTION PRIORITIES ................................................. 261
FIGURE 22.6 TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION - INTERVENTION PRIORITIES ............................................... 262
FIGURE 22.7 : HOUSING & URBAN POOR– INTERVENTION PRIORITIES .................................................... 262
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List of Tables
TABLE 2.1 KEY PRIORITIES OF SHIMLA ..................................................................................................... 20
TABLE 2.2 SECTOR WISE VISION STATEMENT ........................................................................................... 22
TABLE 2.3 SECTORWISE GOALS ................................................................................................................ 23
TABLE 4.1 SETTLEMENT WISE POPULATION OF SHIMLA ............................................................................ 29
TABLE 4.2 FLOATING POPULATION OF SHIMLA- EXISTING AND PROJECTED ............................................. 30
TABLE 4.3 AGE COMPOSITION OF POPULATION OF SHIMLA ....................................................................... 30
TABLE 5.1 WORK FORCE PARTICIPATION ................................................................................................. 32
TABLE 5.2 EMPLOYMENT IN TOURISM INDUSTRY ..................................................................................... 33
TABLE 5.3 SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN SHIMLA ..................................................................................... 34
TABLE 5.4 PRODUCTION OF APPLE ............................................................................................................ 35
TABLE 6.1 FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS COMMITTEES .................................................................................... 40
TABLE 6.2 DELEGATION OF FINANCIAL POWERS ...................................................................................... 42
TABLE 6.3 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR PLANNING & DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION &
MAINTENANCE .................................................................................................................................. 47
TABLE 6.4 ROLE OF PRIVATE SECTOR IN URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION ...................................... 48
TABLE 6.5 PPP – OPTIONS AND ALLOCATION ........................................................................................... 50
TABLE 7.1 AREA DETAILS OF SHIMLA PLANNING AREA ........................................................................... 52
TABLE 7.2 AREA DETAILS OF SHIMLA PLANNING AREA ........................................................................... 54
TABLE 8.1 DETAILS OF SOURCES OF WATER FOR SHIMLA CITY ................................................................ 63
TABLE 8.2 DETAILS OF PUMPS, RAISING & GRAVITY MAINS OF BULK WATER SUPPLY ............................. 65
TABLE 8.3 DETAILS OF STORAGE RESERVOIRS AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ......................................... 67
TABLE 8.4 DETAILS OF THE ZONES AND AREAS COVERED UNDER THE LOCAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ....... 67
TABLE 8.5 DETAILS OF CONSUMER CONNECTIONS ................................................................................... 68
TABLE 8.6 WATER SUPPLY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS........................................................................... 69
TABLE 8.7 ESTIMATION OF FUTURE WATER DEMAND ............................................................................... 69
TABLE 8.8 MUNICIPAL WATER CHARGES ................................................................................................. 70
TABLE 8.9 WATER COST AND WATER CHARGES ...................................................................................... 71
TABLE 9.1 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS .................................................................................................... 80
TABLE 9.2 DETAILS OF SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT ........................................................................... 82
TABLE 9.3 TARIFF NOTIFICATION OF SEWERAGE ...................................................................................... 84
TABLE 11.1 SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND PROJECTION ........................................................................ 96
TABLE 11.2 PPP OPTIONS IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT.................................................................... 104
TABLE 11.3 EXAMPLES OF PPP IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA ............................................ 104
TABLE 12.1 ROAD INVENTORY DETAILS OF THE CONFIGURATION OF CART ROAD ................................. 116
TABLE 12.2 WARD WISE DETAILS OF MUNICIPAL ROADS ...................................................................... 116
TABLE 12.3 WARD WISE DETAILS OF MUNICIPAL PATHS ....................................................................... 119
TABLE 12.4 NUMBER OF DAILY TICKETS (UP AND DOWN ...................................................................... 120
TABLE 12.5 DETAILS OF REGISTERED VEHICLES IN SHIMLA PLANNING AREA........................................ 121
TABLE 12.6 REGISTERED VEHICLES IN THE SHIMLA ............................................................................... 122
TABLE 12.7 GROWTH OF REGISTERED VEHICLES AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS......................................... 122
TABLE 12.8 TRAFFIC DEMAND FORECASTING FOR SHIMLA CITY – PCUS/ HOUR ................................... 124
TABLE 12.9 TRIP DISTANCE OF WORK TRIPS .......................................................................................... 125
TABLE 12.10 PUBLIC TRANSPORT TRIPS PER DAY ON SELECTED ROUTES IN SHIMLA CITY .................... 126
TABLE 12.11 REGIONAL BUS SERVICE ON SELECTED ROUTES TO AND FROM SHIMLA CITY .................... 127
TABLE 12.12 SHARE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT........................................................................................... 129
TABLE 12.13 PEDESTRIAN FLOWS AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS ON CART ROAD........................................... 129
TABLE 12.14 DETAILS OF PARKING LOTS IN M.C. SHIMLA ...................................................................... 131
TABLE 12.15 EXISTING FEE FOR VEHICULAR PARKING AT DESIGNATED PARKING LOTS ........................ 133
TABLE 12.16 PROPOSED LOCATIONS OF THE MULTILEVEL PARKING LOTS.............................................. 134
TABLE 12.17 FUTURE PARKING DEMAND TO BE HANDLED BY SMC ....................................................... 134
TABLE 12.18 NUMBER OF ROAD ACCIDENTS WITHIN SHIMLA PLANNING AREA IN YEAR 2003 ............... 137
TABLE 12.19 ESTIMATED COST OF SHIFTING OF ACTIVITY CENTRES ...................................................... 140
TABLE 12.20 ESTIMATED COST OF PROPOSED BYPASSES FOR SHIMLA CITY .......................................... 141
TABLE 12.21 ESTIMATED COST OF STANDARDIZATION OF CART ROAD .................................................. 142
TABLE 12.22 ESTIMATED COST OF STANDARDIZATION OF MUNICIPAL ROADS ...................................... 142
TABLE 12.23 ESTIMATED PROJECT COST FOR NEW LINKS ...................................................................... 143
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TABLE 12.24 ESTIMATED COST FOR PROPOSED TUNNELS IN SHIMLA CITY ............................................ 143
TABLE 12.25 ESTIMATED COST OF PARALLEL ROAD FOR HIGH OPERATING CAPACITY SYSTEMS ......... 144
TABLE 12.26 ESTIMATED COST OF PROPOSED PARKING PROJECTS ......................................................... 145
TABLE 12.27 ESTIMATED COST OF LIFTS AND ESCALATORS ................................................................... 145
TABLE 12.28 ESTIMATED COST OF PROPOSED ROPEWAYS FOR SHIMLA CITY......................................... 146
TABLE 12.29 ESTIMATED COST OF PROVISION AND IMPROVEMENT OF PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES ............. 146
TABLE 13.1 GROWTH OF TOURIST INFLOW TO SHIMLA ........................................................................... 165
TABLE 13.2 SNAPSHOT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN SHIMLA ..................................................................... 166
TABLE 14.1 PERMISSIBLE LEVEL OF POLLUTION IN SHIMLA .................................................................... 180
TABLE 14.2 COMPLIANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTS/RULES ................................................................. 181
TABLE 14.3 CLASSIFICATION OF PROJECTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE ..................................... 182
TABLE 14.4 ENCROACHMENTS OF FORESTS IN SHIMLA ........................................................................... 184
TABLE 15.1 NUMBER OF FIRE ACCIDENTS IN SHIMLA .............................................................................. 190
TABLE 15.2 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES AT FIRE STATIONS IN SHIMLA ............................................... 191
TABLE 17.1 HOUSING DEMAND HISTORY ................................................................................................. 203
TABLE 17.2 URBAN POOR IDENTIFIED BY SMC ....................................................................................... 208
TABLE 17.3 INTERVENTIONS REQUIRING RESETTLEMENT & REHABILITATION OF THE POOR .................. 213
TABLE 17.4 INTERVENTIONS REQUIRING RESETTLEMENT & REHABILITATION OF THE POOR .................. 214
TABLE 18.1 SNAPSHOT OF POWER INFRASTRUCTURE IN SHIMLA ............................................................ 222
TABLE 18.2 DEMAND AND SUPPLY DURING PEAK TIME .......................................................................... 223
TABLE 18.3 SNAPSHOT OF HEALTH AND EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN SHIMLA ............................... 225
TABLE 19.1 SUMMARIES OF MUNICIPAL FINANCES................................................................................. 228
TABLE 19.2 SOURCE-WISE REVENUE ACCOUNT INCOME ........................................................................ 229
TABLE 19.3 VARIOUS TAXES LEVIED BY SMC AND ITS RATES ............................................................... 230
TABLE 19.4 TAX SLAB DETAILS .............................................................................................................. 230
TABLE 19.5 PROPERTY AND SEWERAGE TAX DATA ................................................................................ 231
TABLE 19.6 NON-TAX INCOME DETAILS .................................................................................................. 232
TABLE 19.7 WATER CHARGES ................................................................................................................ 232
TABLE 19.8 OCTROI GRANT .................................................................................................................... 233
TABLE 19.9 SUMMARY OF THE REVENUE EXPENDITURE ......................................................................... 233
TABLE 19.10 DEPARTMENT WISE ESTABLISHMENT EXPENSES ................................................................ 234
TABLE 19.11 DEPARTMENT WISE CONTINGENCIES EXPENSES ................................................................ 235
TABLE 19.12 DETAILS OF THE MAINTENANCE EXPENSES ....................................................................... 235
TABLE 19.13 DETAILS OF THE OTHER EXPENSES .................................................................................... 236
TABLE 19.14 DETAILS OF THE CAPITAL INCOME ..................................................................................... 237
TABLE 19.15 DETAILS OF THE CAPITAL EXPENSES ................................................................................. 237
TABLE 19.16 MAJOR OUTSTANDING........................................................................................................ 238
TABLE 19.17 YEAR WISE MAJOR OUTSTANDING....................................................................................... 238
TABLE 19.18 KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS ............................................................................................. 239
TABLE 20.1 STATUS OF MANDATORY REFORMS FOR ULB ..................................................................... 245
TABLE 20.2 STATUS OF MANDATORY REFORMS FOR STATE ................................................................... 245
TABLE 20.3 STATUS OF OPTIONAL REFORMS FOR ULB .......................................................................... 246
TABLE 21.1 SUMMARY OF SECTORAL INVESTMENTS .............................................................................. 248
TABLE 21.2 FUNDING SOURCES FOR CITY INVESTMENT PLAN ................................................................ 249
TABLE 21.3 YEAR WISE INVESTMENT NEED ............................................................................................. 249
TABLE 21.4 SUMMARY OF THE SECTORAL SOURCES OF FUNDS .............................................................. 250
TABLE 22.1 ACTION PLAN FOR JNNURM IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................. 266
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List of Abbreviations
CDP City Development Plan
DALC Department of Art, Language and Culture
Dept Various Himachal Pradesh State Government Departments
EPC Engineering, Procurement, and Construction
Forest Forest Department
GIS Geographic Information System
GoHP Government of Himachal Pradesh
GoI Government of India
HIMUDA Himachal Pradesh Urban Development Authority
HPBMDA Himachal Pradesh Bus Stand Management and Development Authority
HPPCB Himachal Pradesh Pollution Control Board
HPSEB Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board
HPTDC Himachal Pradesh Transport Development Corporation
HRTC Himachal Pradesh Road Transport Corporation
IL&FS IDC IL&FS Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited
I&PH Irrigation and Public Health Department, Government of Himachal Pradesh
IT Information Technology
JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
MLD Million liters per day
O&M Operation And Maintenance
PWD Public Works Department
SLNA State Level Nodal Agency
SMC Shimla Municipal Corporation
SPA Shimla Planning Area
SUPA Shimla Urban Planning Authority
TCP Department of Town & Country Planning, Government of Himachal Pradesh
Transport Department of Transport, Government of Himachal Pradesh
ULB Urban Local Body
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I Introduction
The urban India is going to play a bigger role in terms of socio-economic
transformation and shall become engines of economic growth. But existing state of
all Indian cities is very bad as compared to developed or developing countries
counterparts and well below satisfactory in urban governance parameters. The
major reasons are inefficiency and inability to mobilize funds for development
In order to overcome this jinx of Indian cities, Government of India launched
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) aiming at
economically self-reliant, efficient, equitable and responsive cities with very high
transparency and service levels. The mission aims at fast-track development of
urban infrastructure and service delivery mechanisms, community participation,
basic services to the poor and accountability of ULB’s towards the citizens. But
JNNURM demands eligible cities to formulate a medium term City Development
Plan in accordance with citizen’s interest and priorities and preparation of project
proposals in accordance with CDP. Moreover the city has to draw up a timeline
for implementing urban sector reforms. Shimla is one of the 63 eligible cities under
JNNURM
In view of the above, in order to develop infrastructure of Shimla city, GoHP has
appointed IL&FS Infrastructure Development Corporation to facilitate SMC for
preparation of CDP for Shimla
II About Shimla
Shimla has been primarily a tourist destination since its discovery in 1819. It was
summer capital during British Raj and administrative capital of HP after it came to
HP from Punjab during reorganization of territory. It is situated at an altitude of
2130 m. above mean sea level. Population of Shimla Planning Area was 1,74,789
and floating population was 56000 in 2001. 87% of population is below 45 years of
age which has very high potential for economic growth. Around 38% of total
population are workers and 98% of these workers are other workers involved in
horticulture, trade & commerce, transport, storage and communication, and other
service industries. Shimla, being traditional educational center since British days,
has an average literacy rate of 84%, much higher than national average of 59.5%.
Lower sex ratio of 767 against 896 of Shimla district is attributed to working males
who keep their families at their native places. Five major functions that drive the
city are identified as
(a) Tourist Center: Popular tourist destination
(b) Capital Function: Capital of Himachal Pradesh
(c) Administrative Center: Headquarter of Shimla District
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(d) Education Center: Having academic institutions at all levels
(e) Heritage City: Rich heritage created by British
Potential economic growth drivers identified are tourism, health care, education,
agri-processing & trading and IT
III CDP Process for Shimla
CDP Shimla has been developed over period of ten weeks. The consultative
process consists of a stakeholders’ workshop, departmental discussions, focus
group discussions, a workshop with NGOs and a workshop with Urban Poor of
the city. The issues and suggestion provided by the stakeholders during the
workshops were assessed and considered while preparing the CDP. The Draft
CDP was posted on the website of Shimla Municipal Corporation inviting
suggestions from stakeholders for finalization. The suggestions were received from
various stakeholders including citizens and departments. Draft City Development
Plan was discussed and adopted in a summing up workshop held on November 3,
2006. A separate workshop with the poor people was organized to understand and
prioritize the need of the poor people. Suggestions received during the entire
consultative process were considered while preparing CDP.
IV Vision
“Queen of Hills with Vibrant Economy, Rich Natural Heritage, Better Quality of
Life through better planning, improved service delivery, transparent and efficient
Governance in participatory manner”
1. Sectoral Vision
Sector-wise vision were discussed and derived from the discussions during
the consultative process. These vision statements are shown in the Table
E.1
Table E. 1 Secor-wise vision
Sector Vision Statement
Governance & Urban Governance with accessibility,
institutional framework accountability, transparency and efficiency
Water Supply Provision of Adequate Quantity of Safe
Water to all
Sewerage To achieve environmentally sustainable,
recycling-oriented waste water
management
Storm Water Drainage Provision of long lasting Clean Natural and
Road Side Drains
Solid Waste Management Clean & Green Shimla through
environmentally sustainable waste
management practice
Traffic & Transportation Providing Mobility with Choice, Comfort,
Convenience, Frequency, Safety &
Minimum Environment Effects
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Tourism Engine of sustainable economic growth
for Shimla
Environment Commitment to Protection and
Continuous Improvement of Environment
Forests, Gardens and Commitment to create healthy ecosystem
Open Space and value and care is as an essential
environmental, economic and community
asset
Heritage Conservation Conservation of Heritage for Present and
Future Generation
Housing and Urban Poor City without Slum
V Key sectors and Prioritization
Priorities are identified based on consultative process as described in chapter 2 of
CDP. Water supply, sewerage and sanitation, solid waste management,
decongestion, transportation and urban poor are high priority sectors identified.
Medium priority sectors are heritage conservation, environment & forest, and
tourism. Priority sectors and required interventions are tabulated in Table E.2.
Table E. 2 Key Sector Priory Interventions
Sector Priority Interventions
Decongestion Renewal of core areas by relocation of
o Timber Market
o Transport hub
o Wholesale grain market
o Wholesale vegetable market
o Bus stand
o Government offices in heritage buildings
Develop satellite township in peripheral area
Construction of bypasses to the city
Water Increase the water supply to the public by
o Sourcing water from Pabbar & Giri
o Rehabilitating the water distribution network
Encourage rain water harvesting
Sewerage Rehabilitate sewerage network
Provision of new sewerage network for all Special Areas
including 7 STPs
Provision linkage between new and old sewerage network
Storm Water Restore, rehabilitate and clean natural drainage system
Drainage
Solid Waste Expansion of D2D services to have 100% coverage
Management Development of integrated solid waste management facility
Augment transportation infrastructure for waste
management
Upgradation of biodegradable waste treatment facility
Improvement in secondary collection and street sweeping
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Traffic & Improve mobility within city by following
Transportation o Standardization of Municipal Roads
o Standardization of the Cart Road
o Construction of MRTS, New Links, tunnels, HOCS
with new ROW, ropeways, parking facilities, lifts and
escalators,
o Improvement in junctions, pedestrian facilities
Provision of adequate street lighting & bus shelters
Tourism Improve basic infrastructure like transportation, water
supply, parking facility and increase vertical accessibility by
ropeways, lifts
Improve transportation linkages especially air connectivity
Promote activity based tourism
Upgrade existing Tourist Information Centers and provide
24X7 offline and online services
Environment Conservation of soil erosion
Create open spaces and parks
Disaster Prepare Disaster Management Plan
Management Prevention of landslides
Upgradation of fire station infrastructure and fire hydrant
network
Heritage Shifting of government offices from heritage buildings
Restoration of Heritage buildings
Housing and Relocation, resettlement and rehabilitation of urban slums in
Urban Poor untenable areas by providing housing at affordable cost
Provision of all basic amenities likes water supply, sanitation,
primary education, primary health services and power in
case of situ upgradation
Construct night shelters/hostels for migrant laborers,
working women, destitute children
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VI City Investment Plan
The estimated capital investment required for development of Shimla and
provision of basic services to current and future population of Shimla Planning
Area is around Rs. 3678 crore. Details with sectoral contribution are shown in
Table E.3. More than 88 % of total funds are allocated to sectors like housing &
urban poor, water supply, traffic & transportation and heritage.
Table E. 3 Sector wise City Investment Need
Sectoral Sources of Funds(Rs. Crores)
Total Rs.
Sector Contribution
(Crores) Pvt.
(%) GoI GoHP SMC
Sector
Traffic & Transportation 969.0 24.9% 702.0 191.3 2.5 73.2
Decongestion 41.7 1.1% 33.3 6.5 1.8 0.0
Storm Water 14.1 0.4% 11.3 2.3 0.5 0.0
Water Supply 655.6 16.8% 524.5 124.0 7.1 0.0
Sewerage 178.6 4.6% 142.8 23.5 12.2 0.0
Governance 30.5 0.8% 24.4 6.1 0.0 0.0
Planning 10.0 0.3% 8.0 2.0 0.0 0.0
Said Waste 29.8 0.8% 23.8 3.3 2.6 0.0
Tourism 66.0 1.7% 40.8 9.2 1.0 15.0
Environment & Urban
22.0 17.6 3.4 1.0 0.0
Forest 0.6%
Disaster Management 25.1 0.6% 20.0 5.0 0.0 0.0
Heritage 229.0 5.9% 93.2 23.3 0.0 112.5
Housing 1000.0 25.7% 0.0 0.0 0.0 1000.0
Urban Poor 627.0 16.1% 501.6 125.4 0.0 0.0
Total 3898.2 100.00% 2143.4 525.4 28.7 1200.7
Total investment needed shall be divided in to GoI, GoHP, SMC and private
sector. Out of Rs. 3898 crore needed, Rs. 2143 crores shall be given by GoI, Rs.
525 crores will be invested by GoHP, Rs. 1201 crores shall be invested by private
sector and approximately Rs. 29 crores shall be invested by SMC
Year on year need for the investment is shown in the Table E.4
Table E. 4 Year wise Investment Need
Year Investment Need (Rs. Lakh)
2007 24349.0
2008 66432.6
2009 114834.3
2010 78631.2
2011 59267.8
2012 46305.0
Total 389819.8
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VII Mobilization of Funds
Shimla Municipal Corporation shall have to mobilize its share of needed
investment. This fund can be mobilized through though following methods
(a) Reduction in expenses of municipal corporation
(i) Improving efficiency through improvement in service delivery by
computerization
(ii) Outsourcing non-core activities to private sector
(b) Revenue enhancement by
(i) Implementation of unit area assessment for property tax
(ii) Revision in water charges in order to recover at least O&M cost
(iii) Improvement in collection efficiency
(iv) Enforcement of sewerage charges
(v) Enforcement of other taxes
(vi) Collection of taxes in SADA areas after two years
(vii) Conservancy fee on all hotels
(viii) Levy of Green fees and its sharing
(ix) Leverage the SMC owned properties to enhance the revenues
(c) Mobilization of resources
The major source of funding for mobilization of resources by SMC may
include:
(i) Internal resources of SMC raised through leveraging of SMC
property
(ii) State grant
(iii) Loan from Banks and Financial Institutions
The raising resources from financial institutions and capital market would
require implementation of reform agenda on fast track and implementation
of following facilitating actions
Credit rating of the SMC
Setting up Urban Development Fund for leveraging grants received
from GoI and GoHP under JNNURM
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VIII Proposed Implementation Framework
Implementation framework for interventions identified under various sectors are
tabulated in Table E.5
Table E. 5 Suggested framework for implementation
Suggested
Implementation
Project Name Implementation
Agency
Framework
Solid Waste
EPC & Service
Door to door Collection SMC
Contract
Street Sweeping SMC EPC
EPC & Service
Storage and transportation SMC
Contract
Integrated Waste Treatment & Disposal
SMC DBO
Facility
Upgradation of bio-medical facility SMC -
Tourism
Upgradation of Naldhera Golf Course Tourism Dept EPC
Development of Nature Park at Craignano Forest Dept EPC
Tourism
Development of Theme Park BOT
Dept/Pvt. Sector
EPC & O&M
Development of Skating Ring Tourism Dept
Contract
Beautification of Shimla SMC EPC
Eco-tourism Projects Forest Dept BOT
Upgradation of Tourist Information Center Tourism Dept EPC
Environment , Disaster Management & Forest
Network of Fire Hydrants and upgradation
SMC & Fire Dept EPC
of Fire Station
Forest
Prevention & Control of Land Slide EPC
Dept/PWD
Conservation of Soil Erosion Forest Dept EPC
EPC & O&M
Upgradation of existing Parks SMC
Contract
Heritage
Restoration & Conservation of stage
Heritage Board EPC & BOT
government owned buildings
Housing & Urban Poor
Resettlement & Rehabilitation of slums HIMUDA EPC
In situ upgradation of slums SMC EPC
Construction of labour hostels SMC EPC
Construction of working women's hostels SMC EPC
Development of Satellite townships HIMUDA BOT
Planning
Renewal of core area SMC EPC
Development GIS Based spatial database SMC -
Capacity Building on GIS based Planning SMC -
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Governance
Computerization & Establishment of
SMC EPC
information system
Implementation of BPR Plan & E-
SMC -
Governance
Rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting and water
SMC EPC
conservation
Augmentation of Water Supply Scheme for EPC & O&M
I&PH
Shimla City from River PABBAR through SPV
Rehabilitation of water supply transmission
and distribution network and
I&PH EPC
augmentation/extension of distribution
network
Sewerage
Rehabilitation of the main sewerage
I&PH EPC
network
Provision of sewerage network for areas of
Dhalli, Tutu, New Shimla and special areas SMC, I&PH EPC
of Ghanahatti, Kufri and Shoghi
Provision of missing links to connect the
refurbished old sewerage network with new I&PH EPC
sewerage network.
Storm water drainage
Renovation of Identified Natural Drains SMC EPC
Renovation of Open Drains SMC EPC
Construction of roadside drains as per
PWD EPC
drainage design
Traffic & Transportation
Standardization of the Cart Road HPPWD EPC
Standardization of Municipal Roads SMC EPC
New Links HPPWD EPC
HPPWD &
Parallel Roads EPC
Transport Dept
Junction Improvements HPPWD EPC
Parking Facilities SMC VGF
HPPWD &
Lifts and Escalators EPC
Transport Dept
Tunnels HPPWD EPC
EPC & O&M
Mass Rapid Transport System Transport Dept
through SPV
Bus shelters and local terminals Transport Dept EPC
Ropeways Transport Dept EPC
Pedestrian Facilities SMC, HPPWD EPC
Street Lighting SMC EPC
Decongestion
Shifting of Commercial Activity Centers SMC EPC
Bypasses to the City HPPWD EPC
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IX Action Plan for implementation
It is recommended that in order to coordinate efforts for project development and
other preparatory work, SLNA should establish Project Development and
Management Unit (PDMU) having representation from various departments. A
dedicated project development fund may be established for financing of project
development activities.
PD Advisor SLNA Project Development
Fund
PDMU
Project Development
DPRs Procurement Financial Close
X Reform Agenda Status
Various mandatory and optional reforms have been adopted by SMC and a few are
under process. Following reforms have been undertaken by SMC
(a) Adoption of modern accrual based double entry account system
(b) Under E-governance System
(i) A website has been launched and contains majority of information
(ii) Public Grievance Redressal System has been incorporated
(iii) All the departments have already been computerized and
networking of the same is under process
(iv) Computerization of billing of property tax and water charges is
under process
(v) SMC is going to provide various services online including payments
of various taxes
(vi) GIS based Infrastructure Information System is approved by house
and will be used of planning and property tax assessment
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(c) Property Tax Reforms have been adopted and will be start using ARV
method from April 2007
(d) SMC has modified bylaws and the same has been put up to the house for
approval. All the functions of Schedule 12 of 74th CAA have been
transferred to SMC except fire services
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
In order to encourage planned development of the urban sectors across the
country, the Government of India (GoI) has launched Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). The Mission aims at bringing out fast track
planned development of identified cities with a clear focus on efficiency in urban
infrastructure and service delivery mechanisms, community participation, and
accountability of ULBs/Parastatal agencies towards citizens.
Shimla is one of the 63 cities, which has been identified under the JNNURM
eligible for the fast track development. The City Development Plan (CDP) is the
prerequisite milestone for the eligibility under the JNNURM. In view of above,
Government of Himachal Pradesh (GoHP) has taken up the programme for urban
infrastructure improvement of Shimla and its extended areas under JNNURM
scheme. As a first step towards this, GoHP has retained IL&FS Infrastructure
Development Corporation Limited (IL&FS IDC) as a consultant for preparation
of City Development Plan for Shimla.
1.2 OBJECTIVES AND GOALS OF JNNURM
The objectives of JNNURM is to assist cities achieve
(1) Integrated development of infrastructure services and meet the deficiencies
in infrastructure projects;
(2) Long term sustainability of projects by establishing linkages between asset
creation and management through reforms;
(3) Planned development of cities including the extended urban areas leading
to dispersed urbanization;
(4) Provision of basic services to urban poor; and
(5) Renewal of old city areas to reduce congestions
The duration of mission is seven years starting from the year 2005-06 and on its
completion, it is expected that City would have achieved
(1) Modern and transparent budgeting, accounting, financial management
systems, designed and adopted for all urban service and governance
functions;
(2) City wide framework for planning and governance will be established and
become operational;
(3) All urban residents will be able to obtain access to a basic level of urban
services;
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(4) Financially self sustaining agencies for urban governance and service
delivery will be established through reforms to major revenue instruments;
(5) Local services and governance will be conducted in a manner that is
transparent and accountable to citizens; and
(6) E-governance applications will be introduced in core functions of
ULB/parastatal resulting in reduced cost and time of service delivery
The Mission encourages leveraging of funds available under JNNURM assistance
by enhancing the resource availability with ULBs/parastatal, commercial viability
of projects and bankability of the projects and incorporating private sector
efficiencies in development, financing, implementation and management of
projects.
1.3 OBJECTIVES AND GOALS OF SHIMLA CDP
The key objective of the CDP is to formulate a development strategy for meeting
emerging challenges of infrastructure and create enabling environment for the
growth of economy. The CDP of Shimla attempts to highlight the role of each and
every sector of development in bringing economic benefits to the region and in
maintaining vital ecological balance by coordinating various economic and social
activities in space through creation of a systematic and functional settlement
system.
It is expected that the CDP of Shimla would provide a strategic platform to
facilitate development, decision-making, investment programming, efficient
allocation of resources and achieving financial sustainability.
1.4 SCOPE OF CDP
The CDP outlines the strategic policy and investment interventions to achieve the
vision of Shimla including formulation of sectoral plans for the identified sectors.
The scope of work is to:
(a) Assess the current situation in respect of demographic and economic
growth, infrastructure services, municipal finances, etc;
(b) Identify the gaps in service delivery;
(c) Prepare a vision and sectoral strategic framework outlining goals, strategies,
interventions and projects to achieve the vision;
(d) Formulate a city investment plan with appropriate financing strategies and
an implementation action plan; and
(e) Focus on the reforms to be carried out at state and local levels in
consonance with the vision and strategic plan outlined to sustain planned
interventions
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1.5 APPROACH
The JNNURM for Shimla should be rolled out in two distinct phases. The Phase 1
focuses on preparation CDP for Shimla, which included following activities
(a) Diagnostic study conducted for Shimla leading to identification of
strategies leading to programmes and projects critical for sustainability of
the City. A structured diagnostic and participatory approach was adopted
for identification of infrastructure deficiencies, vision & goal for the city
and interventions required for achieving the vision. The programmes and
projects identified, as an outcome of this study were prioritized on the
basis of stakeholder consultations, their relevance to the city, criticality
from sustainability point of view, potential of providing larger benefits and
their amenability to commercial implementation
(b) Detailing of project in terms of concept, configuration, cost estimates,
financing mechanism, and implementation structure
Phase 2 would involve implementation of CDP in terms of achieving technical and
financial closure of the projects and its implementation.
1.6 STATE COMMITMENT
Government of Himachal Pradesh has constituted State Level Steering Committee
under chairmanship of Chief Minister and nominated Himachal Pradesh Housing
and Urban Development Authority (HIMUDA) as State Level Nodal Agency
(SLNA) for implementation of JNNURM in Shimla. The department of Urban
Development of the state government is mandated to prepare a City Development
Plan for Shimla under JNNURM.
State Government and Urban Local Bodies in Shimla Planning Area are
committed to implementation of JNNURM and shall enter into tripartite
agreement with GoI for implementation of urban reform agenda.
1.7 STRUCTURE OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Chapter 1 of the report introduces to the objective of the JNNURM along with the
background that led to initiation of study.
Chapter 2 explains the consultative process and vision of the city
Chapter 3 presents the overview of the city.
Chapter 4 and 5 presents demographic profile and economic base of the city.
Chapter 6 provides overview of governance and institutional framework.
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Chapter 7 to Chapter 18 detail out the planning aspects of various sectors in terms
of current assessment of infrastructure and service provisions, issues and concerns,
vision for the sector, strategies and interventions required, and investment plan
along with the project information sheets.
Chapter 19 presents financial profile of Shimla Municipal Corporation.
Chapter 20 provides the current status on reform agenda.
Chapter 21 presents the consolidated project requirements and implementation
arrangement in form of City Investment Plan.
1.8 DATA LIMITATIONS
The assessment of existing infrastructure and services, and projections of
infrastructure requirements are based on the secondary data provided by the SMC,
government agencies and consultation with the interested group. The data is
collected from a variety of sources and for a variety of periods of time. Each
source of data has its limitations.
The project costs estimated and presented in the CDP are based on preliminary
assessment of base engineering cost excluding land cost and would need to be
ascertained through the detailed feasibility studies. Certain projects may require
land acquisition and same needs to be internalized in project cost while designing
the projects1. The implementation structures suggested in Project Information
Sheets are also based on preliminary assessment and may vary based on feasibility
of the project. The costing is based on base year 2006. The scheduling of finances
during mission period is on current cost and does not take into account the
escalations.
1
The State of Himachal Pradesh is eligible for financing of land acquisition cost under JNNURM
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2 CONSULTATIVE PROCESS & VISION
2.1 INTRODUCTION
In order to identify and prioritize the issues in the programme region, IL&FS IDC
initiated consultative process including Focus Group Discussions (FGDs),
Departmental Discussions and Consultation Workshops involving various
stakeholders at different levels. The consultation discussions revolved around the
city’s strengths, current issues, concerns, problems and the areas/interventions that
need to be focused to achieve the desired results.
2.2 THE CONSULTATIVE PROCESS
As part of the consultative process a workshop was conducted on 6th September
2006, involving various stakeholders including government agencies, local bodies,
academic/research institutions, citizens groups, elected members, and prominent
persons in the region. A special session with NGOs in the city was conducted on
7th September 2006. The issues and suggestion provided by the stakeholders have
been assessed and considered while preparing the CDP. The Draft CDP was
posted on the website of Shimla Municipal Corporation inviting suggestions from
stakeholders for finalization. The suggestions were received from various
stakeholders including citizens and departments. Draft City Development Plan was
discussed and adopted in a summing up workshop held on November 3, 2006. A
separate workshop with the poor people was organized to understand and
prioritize the need of the poor people. Suggestions received during the entire
consultative process as tabulated in Annexure 23.4 have been considered while
preparing CDP
2.3 DEPARTMENTAL DISCUSSIONS
Various Departments of the GoHP were consulted for data collection,
understanding of the existing situation of the city and formulation of vision and
identification of interventions for the development of the draft City Development
Plan. Shimla Municipal Corporation, Department of Forest, Department of
Irrigation and Public Health, Department of Transport, Department of Tourism,
Public Works Department, HP Environment & Pollution Control Board,
Department of Economic & Statistics, HIMUDA, District Industries Centre,
Deputy Commissioner's Office, were consulted at various levels and various times
during the consultative process.
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2.4 FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS
Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were carried out to understand the needs,
problems and recommendation of particular section of the society like Shimla
Hotels and Restaurant’s Association, Mall Road Trader’s Association etc. The
discussions with various focus groups are discussed in following paragraphs.
2.4.1 Shimla Hotels & Restaurants Association
Tourism is one of the major contributors to the economy of Shimla. FGD
with Shimla Hotels & Restaurants’ Association was conducted on 6th August
2006 to understand the issues, needs & interventions required to sustain the
tourism industry. The issues related to the hotel industry are:
Lack of adequate parking
Lack of adequate water supply
High cost of water
Short lease period for ecotourism projects
Lack of GoHP initiative to use Central Government schemes like
“Atithi Devo Bhavah”, “Incredible India” to attract tourists
Unsuitable timings of garbage collection service provided by SMC
2.4.2 Mall Road Traders’ Association
The Mall Road is heart of the city and largest open shopping mall in the city.
To understand the requirement of the traders a meeting was organized with
Mall Road Traders’ Association on 7th August, 2006. The issues were
highlighted by traders during the discussion are:
Market on the Mall Road is the heart of the economy of Shimla and it
is mainly dependent on the tourists visiting Shimla. The better law and
order conditions in neighbouring state like J&K affect the tourist flow
and the mall road business.
The suggestions were provided regarding the sustenance of tourism
industry which will also help in sustenance of the business and
economy of traders on Mall Road. The suggestions were as follows :
o Provision of adequate water
o Improvement in basic infrastructure like roads, parking
o Encourage tourism activities
o Decongestion of the core area
o Preservation of heritage character of the Mall Road
2.5 STAKEHOLDERS’ CONSULTATION WORKSHOP
The objective of the first workshop was to understand the current status of Shimla
city and to formulate the vision by benchmarking characteristics of acceptable
performance indicators for sustainable infrastructure development and to explore
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the nature and priority of interventions and identification of resources for
development of Shimla City. The workshop was attended by Minister of State for
Urban Development, local MLAs, Mayor and Councilors of the city, Government
officials, NGOs, representatives from Chamber of Commerce and Associations,
academicians and eminent citizens.
Honorable Minister Shri Kaul Singh Thakur inaugurated the workshop by lighting
the lamp. He stressed upon de-congested, clean and better tourist destination. He
emphasized the need of adequate drinking water, basic sanitation services,
widening of the roads, construction of tunnels for decongestion, more parking
facilities and housing for the poor people for the growth of Shimla He also
requested all participants to provide the suggestions which will help in preparation
of CDP.
Panel discussions were held for various sectors like planning, water, transport,
tourism, basic services, environment etc. The panel comprised of the concerned
representatives of Government Departments, NGOs/Citizens’ forum and elected
members. Major issues came out during the workshop were following:
Insufficient water supply
Traffic Congestion
Lack of basic amenities in SADA areas
Low duration of tourist stay 1-2 days
Low-end tourism that creates additional strain on infrastructure
Irregular and unauthorized construction activities
Insufficient parking facilities
Poor conservation of rich heritage
Major recommendations received during the workshop are as follows:
Augmentation of bulk water supply by tapping water from Pabbar and
Giri
Single authority for entire region for implementation of town plan on
line of Haryana mode
Shifting of activities from core areas, construction of Parking facilities
are various places
Regularize rain water harvesting
Improve solid waste management
Construction of tunnels, new roads and ropeways
Widening of Cart Road
Mass Rapid Transit System like monorail, sky bus or metro
High end tourism development by augmenting various high end tourist
activities like upgradation of Naldhera Golf Course
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Figure 2.1 Stakeholders’ Consultation
As a part of workshop, an exercise was carried out to understand the general
perception of stakeholders and citizens about their city. A questionnaire requesting
following were circulated during workshop to all participants:
1. What I like about Shimla;
2. What I dislike about Shimla; and
3. What is my dream for Shimla City
Though the response was not very satisfactory, the analysis of the questionnaire
and feedback received are summarized below:
Majority of the people liked weather and beauty, pedestrian
characteristics of Mall Road
Dislikes expressed were mainly related to congestion, poor sanitation
services and poor parking facilities.
The dream people have about the city is well planned, congestion-free,
clean and green city with adequate parking facility
2.6 NGO WORKSHOP
The NGO consultation workshop was organized on 7th September, 2006 at Palika
Bhavan, Shimla to understand the perceptions of NGOs from Shimla about the
issues & possible solutions for the development. Various NGO’s representing
various interest groups like Decongestion & Beautification Group, Residents’
Welfare Association, Himachal Gyan Vigyan Samiti, Himachal Vigyan Manch
participated in the workshop.
The priorities unanimously decided during the workshop in descending order of
priority are
Water supply
Sewerage & Solid Waste
Transportation
Decongestion of core areas
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Necessary public amenities in localities
The issues discussed during the workshops are:
Infrequent supply timings like for 1 hour daily in some areas and on
alternate days in others, very low pressure at consumer end.
Lack of connectivity of septic tanks with sewerage lines in SADA
Poor collection efficiency of the solid waste,
Various problems with compost plant like poor functioning due to
unsuitable temperature of Shimla for entire year and its closeness to the
city area.
Congestion due to long buses
Overloaded public transport system
Non-adherence to the time-table by private transporters
2.7 WEB-BASED FEEDBACK
The draft CDP was submitted to various departments of GOHP and uploaded on
the website of SMC on 16th October, 2006 inviting suggestions from stakeholders
and citizens. An advertisement regarding the uploading of the report on the
website was published in local newspaper including the vernacular.
2.8 FINALIZATION WORKSHOP
All the suggestions received before the final workshop were incorporated in the
CDP and presented in the final workshop which was organized for finalization and
adoption of draft CDP. Majority of the suggestions were already addressed in the
daft CDP and a few of them were incorporated while preparing the final report.
2.9 URBAN POOR WORKSHOP
The workshop was organized to understand current status of the dwelling places of
the poor in Shimla, their requirements in terms of basic services and prioritize
them. The poor locations are very scattered across the city except Krishna Nagar
where a large number of people reside. The major issues related to the Urban Poor
of the city are lack of proper housing, lack of other basic services like water, roads,
toilets, electricity, schools, and street-lighting. The issues were prioritized in
descending order of priorities as water, roads, toilets, electricity, schools, lighting
etc
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2.10 KEY PRIORITIES IN THE CIY
The priorities identified during the consultative process is tabulated in Table 2.1
Table 2.1 Key Priorities of Shimla
Sector Priority Interventions
Decongestion Renewal of core areas by relocation of
o Timber Market
o Transport hub
o Wholesale grain market
o Wholesale vegetable market
o Bus stand
o Government offices in heritage buildings
Develop satellite township in peripheral area
Construction of bypasses to the city
Water Increase the water supply to the public by
o Sourcing water from Pabbar & Giri
o Rehabilitating the water distribution network
Encourage rain water harvesting
Sewerage Rehabilitate sewerage network
Provision of new sewerage network for all Special Areas
including 7 STPs
Provision linkage between new and old sewerage network
Storm Water Restore, rehabilitate and clean natural drainage system
Drainage
Solid Waste Expansion of D2D services to have 100% coverage
Management Development of integrated solid waste management facility
Augment transportation infrastructure for waste
management
Upgradation of biodegradable waste treatment facility
Improvement in secondary collection and street sweeping
Traffic & Improve mobility within city by following
Transportation o Standardization of Municipal Roads
o Standardization of the Cart Road
o Construction of MRTS, New Links, tunnels, HOCS
with new ROW, ropeways, parking facilities, lifts and
escalators,
o Improvement in junctions, pedestrian facilities
Provision of adequate street lighting & bus shelters
Tourism Improve basic infrastructure like transportation, water
supply, parking facility and increase vertical accessibility by
ropeways, lifts
Improve transportation linkages especially air connectivity
Promote activity based tourism
Upgrade existing Tourist Information Centers and provide
24X7 offline and online services
Environment Conservation of soil erosion
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Create open spaces and parks
Disaster Prepare Disaster Management Plan
Management Prevention of landslides
Upgradation of fire station infrastructure and fire hydrant
network
Heritage Shifting of government offices from heritage buildings
Restoration of Heritage buildings
Housing and Relocation, resettlement and rehabilitation of urban slums in
Urban Poor untenable areas by providing housing at affordable cost
Provision of all basic amenities likes water supply, sanitation,
primary education, primary health services and power in
case of situ upgradation
Construct night shelters/hostels for migrant laborers,
working women, destitute children
2.11 FORMULATION OF VISION FOR SHIMLA
The vision for Shimla city was developed through the consultative process. During
entire consultative process people were asked about their liking, disliking and
dream about the city. As mentioned earlier a form containing questions like “What
I like about Shimla, What I dislike about Shimla and What I dream for Shimla city”
was given to all the participants of the First Stakeholders’ Consultation Workshop.
Several vision statements were suggested by the stakeholders, which reflect the
interests and dream of the stakeholders for the city. These include
Green Shimla Clean Shimla
Queen of Hills
Decongested Shimla
Best Planned City
Best Tourist Town
Based on the above inputs and study of the other cities vision statements, the
vision statement is “Queen of hills with vibrant economy, rich natural
heritage, better quality of life through better planning, improved service
delivery, transparent and efficient governance in participatory manner”
In order to achieve this, Shimla needs to be distinctive on the dimension of
economic growth leveraged through its rich natural and built heritage and above
average quality of life.
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2.12 SECTOR VISION
Sector wise mission statements were formulated by the citizens of Shimla. These
sectoral vision statements were considered while formulating the vision statement.
These vision statements are shown in the Table 2.2. The vision can be achieved by
formulating the goals and trying the steps to achieve the goals. Sector-wise goals
are shown in the Table 2.3.
Table 2.2 Sector wise Vision Statement
Sector Vision Statement
Governance & Urban Governance with accessibility, accountability,
institutional framework transparency and efficiency
Water Supply Provision of Adequate Quantity of Safe Water to all
Sewerage To achieve environmentally sustainable, recycling-
oriented waste water management
Storm Water Drainage Provision of long lasting Clean Natural and Road
Side Drains
Solid Waste Clean & Green Shimla through environmentally
Management sustainable waste management practice
Traffic & Providing Mobility with Choice, Comfort,
Transportation Convenience, Frequency, Safety & Minimum
Environment Effects
Tourism Engine of sustainable economic growth for Shimla
Environment Commitment to Protection and Continuous
Improvement of Environment
Forests, Gardens and Commitment to create healthy ecosystem and value
Open Space and care is as an essential environmental, economic
and community asset
Heritage Conservation Conservation of Heritage for Present and Future
Generation
Housing and Urban City without Slum
Poor
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Table 2.3 Sector-wise Goals
DESCRIPTION GOALS 2006 2011 2016 2021
Water Supply Water supply liters per capita per
day (Average) 100 150 150 150
Transmission and distribution losses
(%) >30 20 10 10
% Population Covered 90 100 100 100
% Area Covered 90 100 100 100
Total supply/ storage capacity 1.23 >1 >1 >1
No. of hours of supply (Lean Period) 0.75 1 1.5 2
Treatment capacity 100 100 100 100
Sewerage % of Population covered 80 90 95 100
% of Area covered 90 95 100 100
% of Sewage treated 10 50 100 100
% of reuse of treated waste water 0 10 25 50
Storm Water % Road side drains to length of
Drainage road network 10 50 75 100
% Lining of natural drains 0 90 100 100
% Conservation of rain water by check
dams 0 90 100 100
Solid Waste Total Waste Generated per day 87 101 118 137
Management D2D Services Provided 30% 80% 100% 100%
% of Waste Collected 40% 80% 100% 100%
% of Waste Processed, Treated and
Disposed 40% 80% 100% 100%
Trips/Vehicle 6 10* 10 10
Dumper Container/Dumper Placer 14.2 10.0 10.0 10.0
Traffic & % Paved road to total road length 50 65 80 95
Transportation % Area under roads 3.75 4 4.3 4.87
% Of road have street lights 60 90 95 100
Vehicular Parking (no of bays) 1376 3500 7000 10000
Tourism High End Tourism (in Lakhs) 0.6 2.64 8.0 24.6
Duration of Stay (in Days) 1.35 2.5 3.5 3.5
Forest Removal of Encroachments from
15% 100% 100% 100%
Forest Land
Removal of Forest Blanks through
0% 100% 100% 100%
Plantation
Heritage No. of Heritage Buildings to be 1 5 15
restored and conserved
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3 OVERVIEW OF SHIMLA
3.1 EVOLUTION OF CITY
Shimla was discovered by the British in 1819, and became favorite destination of
British officials in summer as a hill station and convalescent centre. Shimla was
accessed by two-wheel carts drawn by ponies under the auspices of the “Mountain
Car Company”. Municipal Committee came into existence in 1851 and was
responsible for establishment of Town Hall and Gaiety Theatre. Shimla was
declared the Summer Capital of Government of India in 1864. This paved a way to
Grand Hindustan-Tibet road. Peter Hoff and Vice Regal became official residence
of Viceroy.
In 1871, the Government of Punjab also decided to use Shimla as its summer
capital. In 1904, the Kalka-Shimla railway line was commissioned. After Partition
in 1947, offices of Punjab Government were shifted from Lahore in Pakistan to
Shimla. In 1966, with reorganization of territory into Punjab, Haryana and
Himachal Pradesh, Shimla became capital of Himachal Pradesh.
Since then Shimla became a popular hill station and most preferred tourist
destinations in Himachal Pradesh.
3.2 GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING
Shimla district is a part of northwestern Himalayan Agro climatic region of
Himachal Pradesh. It is located in the south of the Himachal Pradesh at an altitude
of 2130 m. On North East side it is surrounded by Kullu and Kinnaur district, on
Southeast and West by Sirmour district and Dehradun district of Uttranchal and
North West by Solan and Mandi districts.
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Figure 3.1 Himachal Pradesh Map
Shimla is situated on the last Traverse spur of the Central Himalayas, south of river
Satluj at 31004' North to 31010' North latitude and 77005' East to 77015'
longitude, at an altitude of 2130 m. above mean sea level.
Heavy monsoon, cold winter, rugged topography, steep slopes, deep valleys and
elongated spur characterize geoclimatic setting of Shimla.
3.3 HILLY AREA
For delineating hill regions, Planning Commission, in 1981 accepted that any area
above 600 m. in height from mean sea level be classified as hilly, however, in 1985,
any area with average slope of 30 percent and above was classified as hilly. As per
the above classification, Shimla town is classified as hilly town.
3.4 GEOLOGY
Shimla town is situated on the rocks of Jutogh Group and Shimla Group. Jutogh
group occupies main Shimla area and extends from Annadale-Chura Bazaar-
Prospect Hill-Jakhoo-US Club and highland area. Shimla Group comprising of
earlier Chail Formation and Shimla Series represented by shale, slate, quartzite
greywacke and local conglomerate is well exposed in Sanjauli-Dhalli area.
3.5 CLIMATE
Chilly winds from the upper Himalayas make winters in Shimla cold. Around
Christmas or last week of December Shimla gets snowfall. Temperature varies
from 15 ~20ºC in summers and in winters its in the range 0~13ºC. The average
annual rainfall in the region is 900mm.
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3.6 REGIONAL LINKAGES
Shimla is connected by road, rail and air. Shimla is connected by road with Delhi
(30 km), Chandigarh (117 km) and Kalka (90 km). Shimla is connected by narrow
gauge railway line from Kalka (90 km). Shimla Airport at Jubbarhatti, 23 km from
city is connected to Chandigarh, Kullu and Delhi.
3.7 DEFINING THE PROGRAMME REGION
A key step in the development of the CDP is the delineation of its limits - the
geographic extent to be considered in the Plan.
The spatial limits considered for developing the CDP include local bodies, which
fall within the Shimla Planning Area (SPA). Department of Town & Country
Planning, Government of Himachal Pradesh has delineated this region, which
comprises the urban area of Shimla and 3 Special Area Development Authorities
(SADA), as a definitive planning area. Some of the interventions may however
extend beyond SPA, in the watershed areas of rivers flowing in the region to
achieve the programme objectives.
Figure 3.2 explains these various planning areas, and the administrative limits
included in them. The Programme region thus has as its core the urban area of
Shimla town, and neighbouring SADAs.
ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES - SHIMLA PLANNING AREA
Special Area Ghanahatt i
Municipal Corporation Area Dhalli Special Area Kufri
Tutu
Special Area Shoghi
New Shimla
Cantonment Area
Special Area Shoghi
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 kms
CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN - SHIMLA
Figure 3.2 Shimla Planning Area
The SPA represents an area of potential urbanization, comprising the core urban
area of Shimla, its peri-urban fringe and the rural hinterland that is expected to
urbanize in due course, with the development of the urban core.
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The JNNURM implementation programme will consider the entire SPA as its
focus region, and develop a CDP that addresses issues of infrastructural,
environmental, social and economic consequence within this limit.
3.8 CITY FUNCTIONS
As per 2001 census, Shimla is the only Class I town in entire State of Himachal
Pradesh with majority of towns falling under Class IV category. This explains the
dominance of this town in the State in terms of facilities, amenities and
opportunities.
Shimla is a multifunctional city with dominance in tourism, administration and
institutional activities. Apart from being the administrative center and capital of
Himachal Pradesh, Shimla is also the nerve center for all social, cultural,
educational and tourism activities. The multifunctional activities are putting heavy
stress on development activities leading to unregulated development and
congestion in the core area.
Floating Demand for
Population/ better
better infrastructure
facilities
Ecology, Hilly Opportunities/
characteristics migration/
improved
quality of life
Figure 3.3 Shimla City Functions
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Capital Function
Being state capital of a young state, it is pulsating with tremendous pressure of
activities, due to numerous departmental and administrative functions of the
capital, there by resulting in fast growth of population.
Administrative Centre
Shimla is the district headquarter of Shimla district. Besides, capital function it
also houses a number of district administrative functions.
Education Centre
Shimla is known for better schooling facilities and is hub of schools. It is the base
of the Himachal Pradesh University. Shimla is also home to the Institute of
Advanced Study (IIAS). Set up in 1965, the IIAS carries out academic pursuits in
areas of Indian Culture, Religion and the Social and Natural Sciences.
Tourist Centre
Shimla is the most famous hill station of India and is an important tourist
destination, accounting for almost a quarter of all tourists arriving in Himachal.
Heritage City
Shimla has inherited enormous wealth of built environment created over 180
years of existence. The British created many admirable buildings such as the
Auckland House, Chapslee, the Christ Church, the GPO and the Kirk, Gorton
Castle, Ravenswood, etc. which form part of Heritage Plan.
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4 DEMOGRAPHY
4.1 POPULATION
The development of a particular city, town or a region depends upon natural,
physical and socio-economic factors. Among these factors the population assumes
significance in determining the future pattern of progress and development.
Shimla Planning Area (SPA), the only Class I city in the Himachal Pradesh, has a
population of 1,74,789 persons (2001 census), which accounts for 24% population
of the Shimla district. The population of SPA has increased from 1,29,827 persons
in 1991 to 1,74,789 in 2001, recording a decadal growth rate of 34.63 percent.
During the past few decades, the city's population has grown at a faster pace than
the corresponding state average. The settlement-wise description of population as
per 2001 Census is presented in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Settlement wise population of Shimla
Settlement No. of HH Population % of Total
Shimla Municipal
Corporation including Tutu, 37756 142555 82%
New Shimla & Dhalli
SA Ghanahatti 2651 10185 6%
SA Kufri 2426 10720 6%
SA Shoghi 2330 11329 6%
Total SPA Area 45163 174789 100%
Source: Census of India, 2001
About 82% of whole population of SPA lives in Municipal Corporation, Shimla
including Dhalli, Tutu, and New Shimla. As per the Census 2001, Dhalli, Tutu and
New Shimla urban agglomerations were part of Municipal Corporation and later
notified under Special Areas having a total population of 13.83 % of the total
population of Municipal Corporation. In August 2006, these Special Areas were
again merged back into Municipal Corporation. Besides, 12% population of total
SPA Area lives in Kufri and Shoghi Special Areas and 6 % population lives in
newly constituted Ghanahatti Special Area.
4.2 FLOATING POPULATION
As per Census analysis (Refer Table 4.2), it has been observed that the growth rate
of floating population has shown a little downward trend, while the total number
of floating population has increased due to Shimla being a service city as well as
tourist destination.
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Table 4.2 Floating Population of Shimla- Existing and Projected
Year Floating Population % Decadal Growth Rate
1971 23459 36.00
1981 30000 31.74
1991 40000 31.70
2001* 56000 40.00
2011* 76000 35.00
2021* 100000 31.00
* Projected Source: Town and Country Planning Department, Shimla
4.3 LITERACY, SEX RATIO AND AGE COMPOSITION
Shimla, being the traditional educational centre since the British days, has an
average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 59.5%.
The sex ratio of SPA is 767 as against 896 of the Shimla district. Being a service
city, males are involved in service sector and majority of them keep their families at
their native places. The Age composition of SPA is given in Table 4.3.
Table 4.3 Age composition of population of Shimla
SL.NO. AGE GROUP % OF TOTAL POPULATION
1 Below 5 Years 8
2 6 – 15 years 20
3 16 – 45 Years 55
4 45 – 59 Years 11
5 60 – above 6
Source: Town and Country Planning Department, Shimla
4.4 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
The capacity of a city to provide employment opportunities and absorb the
workforce in various sector of economy is an index of prosperity.
Figure 4.1 Occupational Structure
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The participation ratio gives an idea of the share of gainfully employed population
against the dependent and non-working population. As per 2001 census, there are
54404 workers. Out of total workforce, there are 52209 main workers and 1595
marginal workers. The category wise workforce is given in Figure 4.1.
4.5 POPULATION PROJECTION
It is assumed that population of SPA is anticipated to increase at the rate of 35 %
during the decades of 2011 and 2021, which is likely to be 2,35,970 and 3,18,560
respectively. The major assumptions for population projections are:
Being an administrative and tourist city, it is anticipated that the tertiary
sector shall continue to function as a dominant sector of economy by year
2021. As a result the workforce participation in this sector will increase
Changing socio-economic scenario and better amenities will act as a pull
factor for rural population migrating to the city
350000
318560
300000
250000 235970
Population
200000
174789
150000 129827
95851
100000
50000 72870
Census Data Projected
0
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
Year
Figure 4.2 Shimla Planning Area – Population Projections
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5 ECONOMIC BASE
5.1 OVERVIEW OF ECONOMIC SITUATION IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Overall economic growth in total State Domestic Product during 2004-05 was
7.6%. The GSDP during 2004-05 was estimated at Rs. 20093 Cr. Per capita income
was Rs. 27486. Percentage contribution of primary sectors to total SDP is 25.40%,
while that of secondary sector is 35.59 % and tertiary sector is 39.01%.
5.2 OVERVIEW OF SHIMLA ECONOMICS
Shimla being state & administrative capital of Himachal Pradesh, majority of
economic activities are concentrated in Shimla. Natural resources play a key role in
economic survival of the town and hinterland, as tourism and agriculture, are the
mainstays of the economy. The shift from agriculture to horticulture has changed
the economic pattern of the region, as Shimla has become major center for
collection and distribution.
5.3 WORK FORCE PARTICIPATION
Shimla houses major state level and district level government offices. A
considerable proportion of the city’s workforce is engaged in these establishments
and tourism sector.
Table 5.1 Work Force Participation
% of
No. of No. of No. of No. of
Total
Types of work persons persons Males Females
Workers
1991 2001
Total Population 82054 142555 81186 61369
Total Working Population 33699 54404 44611 9793
Total Main Workers 31965 52809 97.1% 43514 9295
Total Marginal Workers 1734 1595 2.9% 1097 498
Total Non Workers 48355 88151 36575 51576
Cultivators 363 439 0.8% 310 129
Agriculturalists 62 149 0.3% 120 29
Household Industries 147 504 0.9% 392 112
Other Workers 31392 53312 98.0% 43789 9523
Table 5.1 indicates the total working population has decreased from 41 % in 1991
to 38 % in 2001. The female working population is about 15% in comparison to
55% male working population. This may be attributed to normal Indian family
structure. About 98% of workers in 2001 are other workers involved in
horticulture, trade & commerce, transport, storage and communication, and all
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other service industries.About 48% of the other workers are contributed by
government office employees
5.4 INDUSTRIES
The industries are not well developed in and around Shimla like any other hill
station because of the unavailability of proper infrastructure, hilly region, long
distance from other cities and exorbitant cost of transportation. Traditional small-
scale industries like wool spinning and weaving, basket making, metal work, that
use local resources are still alive without much progress. Apart from this, wood
working, black-smithy, dying and manufacturing works, oil crushing, leather works,
pottery, gold smithy, food processing are other small scale industries practiced in
the town. The drivers for the majority of these industries are tourists and local
people. Single largest industry of Shimla, tourism gained momentum pursuant to
declaration of status of Industry by Union Government. Incentives and subsidies
offered by the Government encouraged private entrepreneurs to involve in
establishment of tourism related infrastructures that ultimately provided impetus to
the growth of tourism industry in State, and Shimla in particular.
5.4.1 Tourism
Tourism is considered and accepted major growth driver for Himachal Pradesh
and for Shimla. It has been engine for the growth of the economy of the state
including Shimla. Tourism provides direct employment opportunity in hotel
and guesthouses, bars and restaurants, guides, travel agents, photographers etc
and also generates large indirect employment. The details of number of people
working directly in the tourism industries are shown in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2 Employment in Tourism Industry
Profession 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
People working in Hotel/ Guest
2934 2973 3130 3192 3268
House
People working in Bars and
246 249 276 298 348
Restaurants
Guides 218 223 235 246 270
Travel Agents 182 182 188 196 208
Photographers 212 212 220 226 257
Total 3792 3839 4049 4158 4351
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5.4.2 Small Scale Industries
There are around 259 registered small scale industries in Shimla and can be
classified in sectors as shown in Table 5.3.
Table 5.3 Small Scale Industries in Shimla
No. of No. of % of Total
Category of Industry
Units Workers Workers
Food based Industries 30 123 15%
Textile 16 39 5%
Leather 6 5 1%
Wood and Wood Works 40 137 16%
Paper & Paper products. 22 80 9%
Other Manufacturing and Service 145 460 55%
Industry
TOTAL 259 844 100%
As shown in Table 5.3, 55% of the workers are engaged in category of ‘Other
Manufacturing and Service Industry’ that includes auto repairs, dry cleaners,
steel fabricators, steel metal products etc.
5.4.2.1 Food based Industries
With the development of well-planned orchards and agriculture in the
district and surrounding areas of Shimla town, the food based industries
assumed greater importance. Though the horticultural products and
export has increased over the years but the food-based industries have
not considerably increased. There are only 30 units registered with a
total number of 123 people engaged in various food-based industries like,
bakeries, Juice and Jam, Mushroom, Honey Processing etc.
5.4.2.2 Wood and Wood Products
Around 40 units and 137 workers are engaged in making of wooden toys,
wooden baskets, walking sticks, fancy wooden, rulers, baton etc.
Wooden toys are mainly manufactured from waste wood and packing
cases as well as from other wood. The products find ready market
mostly during the summer season when tourists’ inflow is at peak.
‘Lakkar Craft Bazaar’ is the market dealing in wood works. The sawmills
are located at different parts of Shimla and occupy a total area of 0.31 sq.
km of total developed land within the municipal limits.
5.4.2.3 Mining & Related Industries
A few brick kilns are working which makes bricks from the clay obtained
through mining. There are no medium or large-scale industries in Shimla.
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5.4.3 Horticulture
The geo-climatic features are favorable for the development of horticulture
activities especially for temperate fruits. Various fruits like apple, plum, peach,
apricot, pear, citrus, green-almonds and walnuts are produced in Shimla district.
Apple is the biggest export item for the state as well as the district.
Table 5.4 Production of Apple
Production of Apple (in MT) 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05
Shimla district 229030 294402 318450
HP 348260 459492 527600
As shown in Table 5.4, more than half of the apple production of state is
attributed to Shimla district. Apple export is one of the major contributors to
the growth of state economy. Shimla is major center for collection and
distribution.
5.4.4 Trading
Shimla town is vibrating with trade and commercial activities including retail
and wholesale. The existing main trading areas are concentrated in and around
Mall, Middle Bazar, Lower Bazar, Lakkar Bazar and Chhota Shimla. As per the
survey conducted by TCP in 1997, there are about 3000 commercial
establishments in Shimla Planning Area
5.5 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL, STRATEGY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The key sectors have been identified as key economic drivers for economic growth
of Shimla Planning Area. These include tourism, healthcare, education, agri-
processing and trading hub and IT. The section also provides the strategies and
recommendations for the economic development of Shimla.
5.5.1 Tourism:
Tourism has been driver for overall economy of the State. These would also be
a consequent need to sustain and hence focus on entertainment and city
beautification through development of entertainment/tourism zone, heritage
precinct and parks/gardens. The strategies to sustain the tourism sector have
been separately presented in section 13.7 of the report.
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5.5.2 Healthcare:
Historically, Shimla has been convalescence center. It has witnessed limited
development in this sector. With a focused approach Shimla can be directed to
promote development of health tourism. Following strategy is recommended
GoHP should develop the State Health Policy on improving the
infrastructure, services and financing for the health tourism. The policy
should encourage the private sector participation in establishment of
convalescence centers, medical education facilities like nursing
institutions etc in the Shimla Planning Area
A task force having representation from Health Department, Tourism
Department, Industry Department, the medical educational
institutions, pharmaceutical companies, health care providers, and
insurance company be established to take the initiative forward
Strengthening of Telemedicine System for establishment of referral
links between convalescence health centers and tertiary health centre
5.5.3 Education:
Shimla is historically known for educational institutions like Auckland School,
Chapslee School and Edward School. Shimla has potential to become hub for
educational institutions. GoHP has promulgated the Himachal Pradesh Private
Universities (Establishment and Regulation) Act 2006 for establishment of
private universities in the State for higher education. It is recommended that for
promotion of the quality education infrastructure in the state, the education hub
offering a rich spectrum of academic and specialty courses from secondary
school to university levels may be established in Shimla Planning Area
5.5.4 Agri-Processing and Trading Centre :
Shimla district in Himachal Pradesh is designated as Agro Economic Zone
(AEZ) for Apples. Shimla being a major collection and distribution center for
horticulture products, has potential for food processing and providing backward
linkage in agriproduce retailing chain. Looking towards the potential, major
challenge lies in providing infrastructure for its sustainability. Integrated food
parks with cold chains, ware houses, post harvest handling and grading, sorting,
waxing, precooling, packaging center, processing units etc transport nagars,
vegetable and fruit market would address the needs of the sector.
GoHP has entered into MoA with Government of India for development
AEZs in 2002. GOHP has estimated an investment of Rs 57 Cr with about Rs
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27.5 Cr to be contributed by GoI and GoHP and balance to be raised through
private sector investments. So far no investment has come through.
It is recommended that GoHP undertake development of food park in Shimla
Planning Area on PPP leveraging the financial assistance available from GoI
under the scheme. GoHP may initiate the development of Food Park through a
Special Purpose Vehicle and later on induct the private sector partner through
competitive bidding process at appropriate time. This would improve the
marketability of project for private sector to walk-in and smooth transfer of
project to implementing agency.
5.5.5 IT Park :
NASSCOM has projected Rs 20, 000 Crore IT potential for state by year 2009-
10. GoHP has formulated the State IT Policy and is envisaging establishment of
IT Park at Waknaghat in Shimla District. With extension of special industrial
package to state upto 2010, the sector has potential to provide fillip to the
economy of the region. It is recommended that the project should be taken up
on the fast track for development in order to realize the potential.
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6 GOVERNANCE & INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK
6.1 INTRODUCTION
Good urban governance is characterized by transparent decision making, sound
financial management, public accountability, equitable resource allocation and
probity, and should lead to sustainable improvements in most urban indicators.
The governance has direct and immediate effect on the quality of life of the city.
The improvement in governance can improve quality of life is successfully
witnessed in cities like Surat, Nagpur and Thane. Implementation of projects having
visible impacts and committed leadership are underlying features of these successes.
This Chapter outlines present governance structure and institutional framework in
management of city.
6.2 74TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ACT
The effective local government is critical to improving access to social and
infrastructure services and to mobilizing local resources. The 74th Constitution
Amendment Act, 1992 (CAA) emphasis on governance, decentralization and
empowerment of cities as third governmental tier through delegation of powers and
functions to the city corporations. It also provides framework for reforms and
building new systems in the structural, functional and planning areas of municipal
management and capacity building. The highlights of 74th CAA are
Urban local governance as constitutional obligation constituted through
elections and reservation for women and SC/ST. It provides for regular and
fair conduct of elections through State Election Commission
Constitution of ward committees
Constitution of district planning committees mandatory for integration of
urban plans in district area
Constitution of State Finance Commission for review financial position of
ULBs and making recommendations for their financial health
Assignment of functions or duties of ULBs as defined in Twelfth Schedule and
their transfer from State government to ULBs
The GoHP adopted the notification and amended the HP Municipal Corporation
Act, 1994.
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6.3 GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE FOR SHIMLA
Various types of institutions are involved in providing planning, development and
management of urban services in Shimla Planning Area. These include local bodies
like Municipal Corporation, Special Area Development Authorities and
Cantonment Board, statutory authorities and government departments.
6.4 LOCAL BODIES
6.4.1 Shimla Municipal Corporation
6.4.1.1 History of Shimla Municipal Corporation
Shimla was first constituted as Municipal Committee in 1851 and became
class I Municipality in 1871. In 1874, it was brought under Punjab
Municipal Act, 1873. After Shimla becoming part of Himachal Pradesh
on reorganization of Punjab, pursuant to Himachal Pradesh
(Development and Regulation) Act 1968, Shimla Municipal Committee
was converted into Corporation in 1969. With promulgation of Himachal
Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1994, the government revised
delimitation of wards into 21 and conducted election.
6.4.1.2 Delineation of SMC Territory
Recently Special Areas Dhalli, Tutu and New Shimla (Kasumpti) under
respective SADA have been merged into Shimla Municipal Corporation.
The delineation of wards for these areas is being undertaken.
6.4.1.3 Organization Structure of Shimla Municipal Corporation
Governance of Shimla Municipal Corporation is through Elected Body
comprising of elected councilors headed by Mayor and Administrative
Body headed by Commissioner. Administrative body is responsible for
strategic and operational planning and management of Corporation.
6.4.1.3.1 Elected Body
The elected body of Shimla Municipal Corporation has 27 councilors out
of which 24 are directly elected and 3 are nominated by GoHP. 33%
seats reserved for women are represented by 10 woman councilors. Each
ward has one elected Councilor.
The tenure of the corporation is five years. Last elections were held in
year of 2002 and next elections are due in May 2007. The elected
councilors elect Mayor and Deputy Mayor amongst themselves for
tenure of two and half years.
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The House comprising of elected and nominated members takes all
policy decisions. The House meets at least once every month.
The Corporation has several statutory and non-statutory functional
committees represented by councilors to set out the obligatory and
discretionary functions bestowed upon the corporation by the 74th CAA.
Each committee consists of not less than three and not more than five
Councilors including Mayor or Deputy Mayor.
The organization structure of elected body and functions of various
committees are presented in following Figure 6.1 and Table 6.1.
Mayor
Dept
Mayor
Standing
Committees
Finance, Contract
General Function Social Justice Vigilance Councilors
and Planning
Committee Committee Committee
Committee
Figure 6.1 Elected Body of Shimla Municipal Corporation
Table 6.1 Functions of Various Committees
S.N Committee Chairman Functions
1 General Mayor Establishment matters,
Function communications, construction of
Committee buildings and roads, urban housing,
relief against natural calamities, water
supply, sewerage disposal, health and
sanitation and all miscellaneous
residuary matters
2 Finance, Mayor Preparation of budget, scrutinizing
Contracts and proposals for increase of revenue
Planning including taxes, examination of
Committee receipts and expenditure statement,
sales and leases of Corporation
properties, recovery of loans,
examination of schedule of rates,
consideration of all proposals
affecting the finances of the
Corporation and general supervision
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S.N Committee Chairman Functions
of the revenue and expenditure of the
Corporation
3 Social Justice Deputy Promotion of education, economic,
Committee Mayor social, cultural and other interests of
the Scheduled Caste, Scheduled
Tribes, Backward Classes and weaker
sections of the society; protection
from social injustice and all other
forms of exploitation; amelioration of
the Schedules Castes, Scheduled
Tribes and Backward Classes
including other weaker sections of the
society
4 Vigilance Deputy Supervision of developmental
Committee Mayor activities, matters related to the
misappropriation of the corporation
funds, and all other matters involving
loss to MC revenues
6.4.1.3.2 Administrative Body
The Commissioner MC Shimla appointed by State Government is
administrative head of the Corporation. The organization structure of
administrative body is presented in Figure 6.2.
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Commissioner
Joint/Asst.
Commissioner
Municipal
Architect Exe. Eng (Roads Law Corporation Health
Engineer (Water
Planner & Buildings) Officer Officer
Supply & Sewerage)
2 Asst. Engineers 2 Asst. Engineers Inspectors
2 Superintendents 1 Jr. Engineer 9 Jr. Engineers 11 lawyers and Superintendents
5 Jr. Engineers Technical Staff and Technical Staff Other staff Jamadars
Technical Staff and Other Staff and Safai Karmachaari
Other Staff Other Staff Other Staff
Tax General Estate Accounts
Branch Establishment Branch Branch
Secretary Dy. Controller
Superintendent Superintendent
Asst Secretary Accounts Officer
6 Senior Assistants 4 Inspectors
7 Inspectors Senior Assistants
Other Staff Other Staff
Other Staff Other Staff
Figure 6.2 Administrative Body of Shimla Municipal Corporation
6.4.1.3.3 Financial Powers
Delegation of financial powers in SMC is provided in Table 6.2.
Table 6.2 Delegation of Financial Powers
S.N. Powers vested with Limit
1 Assistant Commissioner Up to 20,000
2 Commissioner Up to 1 Lakh
3 House Up to 5 Lakh
4 State Government > 5 Lakh
6.4.2 Special Area Development Authorities
GoHP has notified Ganahatti, Kufri, and Shoghi as Special Areas under Town
and Country Planning Act 1977. The Special Area Development Authority
(SADA) for respective special area is responsible for planning, implementation
of development plan and provision of municipal services in notified special
areas. Deputy Commissioner, Shimla is the chairman and Town and Country
Planner is Member Secretary of three notified SADAs in Shimla Planning Area.
The other members include SDM, Executive Engineers and village panchayat
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heads. TCP staff provides operational support to the SADA. Provision of
services is actually done by SMC and parastatal agencies.
6.4.3 Cantonment Board
In 1924 the Government in Council declared Jutogh as a Cantonment Board
under Section 2, clause XV of the Cantonment Act, 1924. The cantonment
board is spread over an area of 1.41 Sq. Km. The Cantonment was originally
built for and occupied by Gurkha Troops but after 1857 revolt a mountain
battery was quartered and thereafter a detachment of British Infantry was
stationed. The Board served a population of 1396 in 1981 in civil area. Number
of houses in the Board area is 109. Present population according to 1991 census
is 1636. Board obtains its water supply in bulk from military station and re-
distributes it in the Board area. Cantonment Board provides basic amenities in
cantonment area.
6.5 STATE GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS
Various departments of State Government are involved in urban city management
functions. The details of those agencies and their responsibilities are discussed
hereunder
6.5.1 Department of Urban Development
The Directorate of Urban Development was established in 1985 to direct,
control and monitor activities of 53 Municipalities, 1 Municipal Corporation, 20
Municipal Councils and 32 Nagar Panchayats in the state of Himachal Pradesh.
Till 1994, the Directorate was performing nominal regulatory functions of
coordination of development works, release of grants and passing of municipal
budgets. Pursuant to 74th CAA and enactment of H.P. Municipal Corporation
Act, 1994, Directorate is directing, supervising and controlling authority, which
acts as a bridge between government and urban local bodies.
Main functions performed by the Directorate are:
Recommendation for amendments in Acts Rules/Regulations and Bye-
Laws of the Urban Local Bodies;
Implementation of centrally sponsored schemes; and
Inspection and monitoring
Department of Urban Development is mandated to prepare a City development
Plan for Shimla.
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6.5.2 Town and Country Planning
For planning, development and use of land and execution of town and country
development plan, Government of Himachal Pradesh established Directorate of
Town and Country Planning (TCP) under the Himachal Pradesh Town and
Country Planning Act 1977. The functions of Town and Country Planning
include
Constitution of planning/special areas;
Preparation of existing landuse, development plan for planning area;
Implementation of approved/notified development plan or interim
development plan; and
Preparation of sectoral plans and town planning schemes
TCP is regulatory authority for implementation of Interim Development Plan
1979. It has prepared draft development plan of Shimla Planning Area, which is
awaiting approval and notification from GoHP.
TCP does not have infrastructure and capability for GIS based planning and is
dependent on external resource.
6.5.3 Irrigation and Public Health
Irrigation and Public Health Department is responsible for development of
drinking water scheme for various towns, development of water related urban
infrastructure, operation and management of water system like water
abstraction, treatment, conveyance, storage and distribution to various ULBs,
and operation and management of main sewerage line, treatment and disposal
of sewage. I&PH is providing these services in all towns in the State including
Shimla.
6.5.4 Public Works Department
Public Works Department is responsible for planning, construction and
operation and maintenance of main road network in Shimla Planning Area.
6.5.5 Fire Department
The Fire Stations in the state functioned under the control of Municipal
Committees till 1972, but thereafter GoHP took over the control of fire stations
at various places in the State. The Himachal Fire Fighting Services Act came
into force in 1984. Now Fire Service Department comes under Home
Department of the State.
The prime duty of the organization is to protect life and property from fire. The
fire department is responsible for
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Prevention and combating of fire incidences
Issue of fire safety guide lines
Issue of no objection certificate from fire safety
6.6 STATUTORY BODIES
6.6.1 HP Housing and Urban Development Authority
HP Housing and Urban Development Authority (HIMUDA) was established
under Himachal Pradesh Housing and Urban Development Authority Act,
2004. HIMUDA is entrusted with framing and execution of housing and
development schemes including land development, city/town/village
development, housing, industrial area, commercial/tourism, infrastructure
development. The Act also authorizes HIMUDA to grant licenses to develop
the housing projects.
HIMUDA is designated as SLNA for implementation of JNNURM and
UIDSSMT in Himachal Pradesh.
6.6.2 HP State Environment Protection and Pollution Control Board
HP State Environment Protection and Pollution Control Board is a regulatory
body constituted in 1974 under provision of Water (Prevention & Control of
Pollution) Act 1974. The main function of HP State Environment Protection
and Pollution Control Board is to plan a comprehensive program for
prevention, control and abatement of pollution.
6.6.3 Himachal Road Transport Corporation
Transport in Himachal Pradesh came into existence as a Himachal Government
Transport in July, 1949 and continued to function as such till 1974. In 1958, the
Govt. of Punjab, Government of Himachal Pradesh and Railways under Road
Transport Corporation Act, 1950 floated a Corporation jointly in a name and
style as “Mandi Kullu Road Transport Corporation” to operate the joint routes
in the States of Punjab and Himachal. With the re-organization of Punjab State
in 1966 certain hilly areas of Punjab were merged in Himachal and operational
areas of Mandi Kullu Road Transport Corporation came entirely under GoHP.
In 1974 Himachal Government Transport was merged with Mandi Kullu Road
Transport Corporation and was renamed as Himachal Road Transport
Corporation under Road Transport Corporation Act, 1950.
The HRTC is responsible for provision of regional and local transport services
including city bus services in Shimla.
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6.6.4 HP Bus Stand Management and Development Authority
GoHP has constituted HP Bus Stand Management and Development Authority
(HPBMDA) under HP Bus Stand Management and Development Authority
Act 1999. HPBMDA is responsible for planning, development, construction
and operation and maintenance of Bus Stands in Himachal Pradesh. The Act
provides for revenue streams comprising of Adda Fees, parking charges and
other user charges for passenger amenities for HPBMDA for its sustainability.
6.6.5 HP State Electricity Board
HP State Electricity Board constituted in 1971 is responsible for planning and
execution, generation, transmission and distribution of power in the State.
Though unbundling of board is still pending, the generation wing has been
made independent with setting up of two subsidiaries, Pabbar Valley Power
Corporation and Himachal Jal Vidyut Vikas Nigam, and the accounts of
transmission and distribution have been separated.
6.6.6 HP Tourism Development Corporation
HP Tourism Development Corporation (HPTDC) was established in 1972 to
facilitate development of tourism in the State. Besides operating hotels in
Shimla, HPTDC manages Tourist Information Centre and passenger lift
between Cart road and Mall Road.
6.6.7 HP Infrastructure Development Board
HP Infrastructure Development Board has been constituted in January 2002
under HP Infrastructure Development Act 2001, which provides framework for
private sector participation in financing, construction, operation and
maintenance of infrastructure projects and to raise resources on behalf of State
Government for infrastructure projects development.
The Chief Secretary heads the HPIDB and Finance Secretary is Chief Executive
Officer (CEO) of the Board. The Board does not have any independent funding
source and is dependent on GoHP budgetary allocation and borrowing through
issue of bonds, debentures, loans or such other instruments.
In FY 2005-06, HPIDB has raised Rs. 616 Cr from Infrastructure Bonds issues
through private placement and Rs. 530 Crores through term loan from financial
institutions/ banks. The investments raised is used for financing the
expenditure under State Plan against the unconditional and irrevocable State
Government Guarantee.
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The role of HPPIDB is limited to raising finances for GoHP and its role as a
nodal agency for private sector involvement in infrastructure projects so far is
negligible.
6.7 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
The functional domain of SMC is derived from HP Municipal Corporation Act
1994 which lists obligatory and discretionary functions for SMC and functions
entrusted by GoHP to SMC as per the 12th Schedule of the 74th Constitution
Amendment Act.
Except for fire services all functions have been transferred to SMC. Recently urban
forestry function has been recalled from SMC and transferred to Forest
Department. Though these functions were transferred to SMC, the transfers
remained on paper only due to lack of statutory basis, adequate institutional
capacity with SMC and non-transfer of resources. In practice, the parastatal
agencies continued with the functional responsibility with SMC having no role.
Table 6.3 Institutional Framework For Planning & Design, Construction and
Operation & Maintenance
SN Services Planning & Implementing Agency
Design Construction O&M
1 Bulk Water Supply I&PH I&PH I&PH
2 Water Supply and SMC SMC SMC
Distribution
3 Sewerage I&PH/SMC I&PH/SMC I&PH/SMC
4 Drainage I&PH/SMC I&PH/SMC SMC
5 Storm Water I&PH/SMC I&PH/SMC SMC
Drainage
5 Solid Waste SMC SMC SMC
Management
6 Main Roads and PWD PWD PWD
Bypasses
7 Internal Roads SMC SMC SMC
8 Street Lighting HPSEB/SMC HPSEB/SMC SMC
9 Fire Services SMC/Fire Dept SMC/Fire SMC/Fire
Dept Dept
10 Open Spaces/Parks TCP SMC SMC
11 Transportation HRTC/HPBM HRTC/ HRTC/
DA HPBMDA HPBMDA
12 Vertical Transport PWD PWD Tourism Dept
(Elevator)
13 Housing HIMUDA HIMUDA HIMUDA
14 Basic Services to DoUD/SMC SMC SMC
Urban Poor
15 Urban Forest Forest Dept Forest Dept Forest Dept
16 Public I&PH/SMC NGO NGO
Conveniences
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6.8 PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
GoHP embarked on Public-Private-Partnership in 2003 with successful execution
of concession agreement with private sector developer for design, finance,
construction, operation and maintenance of Solang Nalah Ropeway. Subsequently,
GoHP had taken up Jakhoo Ropeway project and Tutikandi Inter State Bus
Terminal on PPP format in Shimla. These projects were developed for private
sector participation by respective departments. The government has also opened
doors to private builders and decided to develop a new township with private sector
investment.
The role of private sector in urban infrastructure provision is presented in Table 6.4
Table 6.4 Role of Private Sector in Urban Infrastructure Provision
Urban Infrastructure Role of the Private Sector
Water Supply Nil
Sewerage Operation and maintenance of 6
Sewage Treatment Plant
Drainage Nil
Storm water Drainage Nil
Solid Waste Management D2D collection and Waste processing
(Composting)
Public Conveniences Construction, operation and
maintenance by NGO
Municipal roads Nil
Street Lighting Nil
Bus stands ISBT on BOT
Transport License for Stage Carriers
6.9 ISSUES AND CONCERNS
The governance and institutional framework for Shimla city is marked by poor
planning, poor service delivery, inefficient tax collection, poor information systems,
nontransparent and inefficient accounting and financial management, low
engagement of private sector and low access to capital market, lack of IT-based
municipal services and grievance redressal systems. Underlying issues are
Multiplicity of agencies with overlapping and fragmented responsibilities, lack
of coordination and understanding between the institutions due to different
priorities of each institution which may not be in conformation with the SMC
Information system with SMC is also poor. Due to lack of proper information
system and accounting system the SMC is unable to satisfy the information
needs of both internal and external users. Near absence of records and
information system on SADA area is major constraint in planning
Inadequate capacity in term of infrastructure, financial, and human resource of
SMC. Absence of institutional capability of SADA and TCP in provision of
services to SADA areas
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6.10 VISION AND STRATEGY
“Urban Governance with Accessibility, Accountability,
Transparency and Efficiency”
In order to evolve suitable urban governance strategies it is essential to enhance
institutional and human capacities and bring about good urban governance.
Following strategies are recommended and majority of these strategies shall be
implemented during the mission period as a part of reform agenda implementation.
Institutional Responsibility
Establishment of effective institutional arrangements including clear
determination of roles, rights and responsibilities of various
institutions, their scope and jurisdiction, framework for involvement of
private sector and citizens
Information System
Establishment of city information system using computerization and
IT application including GIS which would help in improving efficiency
and productivity
e-Governance
Establishment of e-governance would need business process
reengineering along with capacity building. Business process
reengineering shall aim at enhancing competencies of people through
well designed processes leading to higher customer value at lower cost
Capacity Building
Capacity building strategy should aim at effective institutionalization
and sustainability of the program. This would include:
Training need assessment to identify areas of improvement
Establishment of Local Government Training Institution,
which would enable ULBs in the state for capacity building of,
elected representatives and officials to understand financial
management, development and preparation of bankable
projects, civic engagement and improved service delivery.
Capacity building facilities should cover political,
administrative, functional and operative grass root level
functionaries including NGOs, CBOs, and Private Sector etc
Citizen’s Participation
Citizens' participation in improving delivery of civic services and
improving urban environment should be encouraged through
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Constitution of citizen’s committees having representatives of
civil societies
Regular government-citizen interactions
Promotion of programmes like Advanced Locality
Management (ALM)
Private Sector Participation
Encouraging more private sector participation in urban infrastructure
provisioning and service delivery. The options available for PPP range
from simple service contract to Concessions and BOT wherein private
sector take responsibility for capital investment, financing, operation
and maintenance, and commercial risk. The PPP options and allocation
of key responsibilities are presented in Table 6.5.
Table 6.5 PPP – Options and Allocation
Asset Capital Commercial
Option O&M Duration
Ownership Investment Risk
Service Public &
Public Public Public 1-2 years
Contract Private
Management
Public Private Public Public 3-5 years
Contract
Lease Public Private Public Shared 8-15 years
Concession Public Private Private Private 25-30 years
Private &
BOT/BOO Private Private Private 20-30 years
Public
6.11 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
S.N Project Project Investment Schedule (Rs. Lakhs)
Cost2 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 Business Process
Reengineering Study 50 50 - - - - -
2 Computerization
and establishment of
information system 1000 - 500 500 - - -
3 Implementation of
business process
reengineering plan
and e-Governance 1000 - 250 500 250 - -
4 Establishment of
Training Institution 500 - 250 250 - - -
5 Training of SMC
and Parastatal
agencies staff 500 - 100 100 100 100 100
Total 3050 50 1100 1350 350 100 100
2
at current price
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7 PLANNING
7.1 OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOWN
Till 1815, Shimla was merely a small-sized village. During the Gurkha War of 1816,
British retained a small patch of land for their residence. The physical infrastructure
in the town was negligible till 1830, when British Government decided to acquire
land comprising of present Central Shimla from Maharaja of Patiala and Raja of
Keonthal State.
The shifting of summer capital of Government of Punjab to Shimla in 1850
accelerated the pace of development and increased the local population. To
augment the infrastructure, Municipal Corporation was established in 1851. With
provision of infrastructure for population of 25,000 and development of new road
network, national highway and a narrow gauge line, further led to growth of the
town.
After independence, Shimla became permanent capital of Punjab and started
growing along east-west axis. The Mall became a CBD for the city. Due to limited
accessibility and primarily pedestrian traffic, development took place between Cart
Road and Mall Road.
With relocation of capital of Punjab to Chandigarh, the town served as a district
head quarter and later became capital of the State of Himachal Pradesh. The
increasing importance of the town in administration, trade and commerce, and
tourism led to increasing migration from the region. Presently, Shimla and its
adjoining areas are fastest growing towns in the State.
7.2 SHIMLA PLANNING AREA
In order to ensure planned and regulated growth, GoHP constituted Shimla
Planning Area through notification in November 1977. Shimla Planning Area (SPA)
comprise of following:
(1) Shimla Municipal Corporation (SMC)
(2) Recently merged Special Areas of Dhalli, New Shimla, and Tutu
(3) Special Areas of Kufri, Shoghi and Ghanahatti
The geographical spread of SPA is roughly 100 sq. km as presented in Table 7.1.
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Table 7.1 Area details of Shimla Planning Area
Settlement Area (in Hectare). % of Total
Shimla Municipal Corporation 1367 13.74
New Shimla3 388 3.90
Dhalli3 253 2.54
Tutu3 199 2.00
SADA Ghanahatti4 1647 16.55
SADA Kufri5 3173 31.89
SADA Shoghi5 2923 29.38
Total SPA Area 9950 100.00
Source: Shimla Municipal Corporation
7.3 POLICY, LEGAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
The HP Town and Country Planning Act, 1977 provides the legal framework for
planning process for Shimla Planning Area. Following the constitution of Shimla
Planning Area under HP Town and Country Planning Act, 1977, existing landuse
was frozen through notification in March 1978, whereby change of landuse became
mandatory requirement.
Interim Development Plan (IDP) notified in 1979 provided the blue print for
planning and development of Shimla till date. During this time IDP has been
amended and total 37 amendments were introduced. Regularization of unauthorized
constructions & landuse has largely affected the plans proposed in IDP.
For implementation of the development plan, GoHP constituted Shimla
Development Authority (SDA) in late 1980. The primary function of the Authority
was to ensure planned development of the city. The SDA, however, confined itself
to building and construction activities. In 1995, SDA was upgraded to Himachal
Nagar Vikas Pradhikaran, which also remained as construction agency. In 2000,
SDA was merged into Housing Board. In 2004, Housing Board was restructured as
Himachal Pradesh Housing and Urban Development Authority (HIMUDA) under
HP Housing and Urban Development Authority Act 2004. However, HIMUDA is
involved in construction rather than regulating growth and ensuring planned
development.
TCP has prepared the Development Plan for Shimla, which has been submitted, to
GoHP for approval and notification.
The SMC is the competent authority for providing planning permissions for
buildings and regulation of constructions in the Municipal Areas. It is also nodal
agency for recommending planning permissions for Restricted Areas, Core Areas
and Heritage Zones to Town and Country Planning for approvals. The building
3
Notified as Special Area Development Authority in 2003 and merged in SMC in August 2006
4
Notified as Special Area Development Authority in 2004
5
Notified as Special Area Development Authority in 2000
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permission cases falling in Core Area are processed and thereafter referred to the
State Govt. for approval.
7.4 PHYSICAL PLANNING
The physical aspects of land relate to availability of land, land usage pattern, extent
of open spaces, etc. Land management is the most important aspect of city
development; it has potential to be the biggest facilitator or the most critical
constraint for development. Land development principles of the city should be
closely aligned with the economic and infrastructure base of the city.
7.4.1 Existing Landuse
Of the total area of 9950 hectares of Shimla Planning Area, about 1475 hectares
which accounts for 15% of the total SPA is under urban use. The existing
landuse of SPA is presented in Figure 7.1.
Existing Land Use of Shimla Planning Area
(Map prepared for Town and Country Planning Department, GoHP)
LEGEND
Nal de hra
Durgap ur
Existing Land Use
Agriculture
Bal de yan Residential
Institutional
Commercial
Forest
Gha nna ha ti
Ner i
Cantonment Board
Ta rap ur
Planning Area Boundary
Naw ag
Kav i Mas ho bra
Roads Networks
Banuti
Sanh og
Gol cha
Sangti Kufta Dhar
Hira N agar
Anna da le Kel eston
Sum m e r H ill Kai th u HIP A
Cantonm e nt A rea J uto gh
To tu Dh all i
Chau ra Mai da n
Boile auga n j
La lpani Sanjauli
Jakh u Bada h
Pha gli
Kufri
Nav B ahar
Gho ra Ch aw ki
Jath ia D evi Bhatta K uffar
Ju bber Ha tti Mah as u Pea k
Ch hota Shim la
Gallu
Sankat M och an Khali ni
Sairy Bad hai
New Shim la
Mal ana Fa gu
Ta ra D evi Vika s N ag ar
Neh ra
Des u Pea k
Kas u m pti
Bar ag aon
Raj ha n a
Pan tha gh ati
Mehli
Shi lgao n
Shy ar
N
Patiud Beoli
Shogh i
Kh aw ar C h auki
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kilo me ters
(Source: Town and Country Planning Department, GoHP) (M ap pre pare d b y H .P . S tat e E nvironm en t P rote ction & P ollution Co ntrol B oa rd, G o HP )
Figure 7.1 Existing Landuse Pattern of Shimla Planning Area
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Table 7.2 Area details of Shimla Planning Area
% of
Area (in % of urban
S. N. Land Use Planning
Hectare) area
Area
1 Residential 903.13 61.19 9.07
2 Commercial 25.22 1.71 0.25
3 Industrial 9.00 0.62 0.09
4 Tourism 21.70 1.47 0.22
5 Public & semi- public 138.78 9.40 1.39
6 Parks & open spaces 6.00 0.41 0.06
7 Traffic and Transportation 371.93 25.20 3.75
Sub total 1475.76 100.00
8 Agriculture 2174.75 21.85
9 Forest 6080.15 61.12
10 Water bodies and undevelopable 219.34 2.20
land
Grand Total 9950.00 100.00
7.4.2 Shimla Development Plan
For planned and regulated development of Shimla Planning Area, Shimla
Development Plan 2021 has been prepared and is awaiting notification from
GoHP. The proposed landuse as per Shimla Development Plan is as follows
Landuse - Existing and Proposed
2500
2006
2124
2021
2000
1500
Hectares
1000 903.13
484.93
500 371.93
274.28
138.78
88
25.2256.13 9 17 21.7 6 32
0
Residential Commercial Industrial Tourism Public & Semi Parks & Open Traffic and
Public Areas Transportation
Landuse
Figure 7.2 Proposed Landuse Pattern of Shimla Planning Area
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Landuse - Existing and Proposed
7000
6080.15 6038.62
6000
5000
Area in Hectares 4000
2006
2021
3000
2174.75
2000
1000 615.7
219.34 219.34
0
Agriculture Forest Water Bodies and
Undevelopable Land
Landuse
Figure 7.3 Proposed Landuse Pattern of Shimla Planning Area
To regulate future urban development and consequent growth, the Shimla
Development Plan proposes:
Development of nodes on the periphery of the city on Chandigarh,
Rampur and Bilaspur Highways
Development of commercial activity centers at Ganahatti, Mehli, Kufri,
Fagu and Mashobra area
Encouragement to industrial activities restricted only to green industries
Interconnection to proposed nodes and activity centers through well-laid
networks of road and city bus service
7.4.3 Zoning Regulations
The IDP and Draft Shimla Development Plan specifies zoning regulations
applicable to landuse zone, uses permitted, non conforming use of land and
structures, maximum size of plot, plot coverage, maximum number of storeys,
set backs and density of development. The salient features of zoning regulations
are as follows:
The minimum area of residential plot is 150sqm, where new subdivision
of land is effected
The maximum numbers of storeys permitted are four except Jakhoo
Complex and sinking/sliding zone. In Jakhoo complex, three storeyed
constructions is permitted; where as single storey construction is
permitted in sinking/sliding zones
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7.5 PLANNING ISSUES IN DEVELOPMENT OF HILL AREA
Development pattern of Shimla is governed by its topographical constraints
like steep slopes, elongated hilly spurs, forest areas, and zones of perpetual
sunshades. Due to extremely limited vehicular accessibility and dependence on
pedestrian movement, development of Shimla is concentrated in limited area
The Ridge and southern slopes are more amenable for development due to
gradual slopes and sunny side. Thus all major landuses are located on southern
slopes of Shimla
Shimla is facing the problems typically faced by any hilly region like soil
erosion, flooding of foothills, scarcity of buildable land, emergence of linear
urban corridors, inaccessibility of certain areas, uneven development of urban
system
The high growth of population coupled with the floating population is exerting
heavy pressure on existing infrastructure and also leading to encroachments,
unauthorized constructions, construction activities not incompatible with
traditional culture and heritage of the city
Poor enforcement of zoning regulations
7.6 VISION AND STRATEGY
Because of natural endowment, Shimla is ecologically rich and has large economic
potential, which needs to be utilized in sustainable manner. For hill town like
Shimla, a conservation oriented integrated development approach is more suitable
for planning and development, which can protect the hill ecosystem and promote
development in environmentally sustainable manner.
Development approach for Shimla hill area should emphasize on
Planned development of tourism activities for sustainable economy
Rational urban settlement system for efficient functioning of capital city
Optimal utilization and development of resources in ecologically sustainable
manner
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Service sector Economy Ecology
(Administrative & (Tourism) (Hilly Characteristics)
Capital Function)
Decentralize Capitalize Retain
Shifting of capital Increase duration of Retain green cover
functions stay
Protection of natural
Relocation of non Implement heritage drains
conforming master plan
Protection for
activities
Better tourist landslides
Development of infrastructure
Improved SWM
nodes
Towns)
(Satellite
Improved public
transport system
Access to basic
infrastructure
Figure 7.4 Planning Strategies for Shimla Planning Area
The identified interventions include:
Renewal of Core Area
The most important area of improvement for a rapidly growing city is its core
area. Efforts should be made to decongest the core areas through selective
relocation of non conforming activities like timber market, transport hub,
wholesale grain market, wholesale vegetable market, bus stand. SMC/GoHP
would need to identify land in the peripheral areas and provide space for re-
location
All the State Government offices and institutions in heritage buildings may be
shifted to new location. The buildings and associated spaces presently holding
the above activities can be effectively used for tourism activities and earn
sizable income to the state revenue
This would require Preparation of Area Development Plans with urban
renewal as the main theme and development of new guidelines for the Core
Area for the future development
Decentralized Planning
Development of growth centers/development nodes like township in
periurban area
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Better Landuse Planning
The boundary of Shimla Municipal Corporation was demarcated three
decades back and areas outside municipal limits had rapidly grown and have
become part of urban development. These areas have grown in haphazard
manner without adequate infrastructure. Recently municipal boundary has
been revised to include three SADA areas. The boundary should be revised
every ten years to keep pace with development of Shimla Planning Area
For integrated area development, District Planning Committee as required
under 74th CAA should be constituted. The DPC should consolidate the
plans prepared for SPA with other plans prepared by panchayats in the district
taking into consideration common interests of various stakeholders including
spatial planning, sharing of water and other physical and natural resources,
and the integrated development of infrastructure and environmental
conservation
Shimla Urban Planning Authority (SUPA) may be constituted for Shimla
Planning Area. SUPA should prepare regional Master Plan/Detailed
Development Plan for Shimla Planning Area. This agency should be well
equipped with necessary capacity, in terms of both skills and supporting
legislations, for effective planning and management. The efforts of this agency
must be systematically coordinated with those of SMC
Unified Traffic and Transport Authority (UTTA) may be constituted for the
Shimla Planning Area. UTTA should prepare and implement Comprehensive
Traffic and Transportation Plan for Shimla Planning Area. This agency shall
act as nodal agency for effective planning development and management of
transportation plan
Institutional Capacity Building in terms of using GIS and remote sensing tools
in mapping and planning
Information Base
It is recommended to generate a spatial database for SPA and this database
could be used as a tool for the sustainable land use planning
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7.7 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
(Rs. Lakhs)
S.N Project Project Investment Schedule
Cost6 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 Renewal of Core
Area7 - - - - - - -
2 Development of
8
nodes/townships - - - - - - -
3 GIS based spatial
database 500 - 250 250 - - -
4 Capacity Building on
GIS based planning 500 - 100 100 100 100 100
Total 1000 - 350 350 100 100 100
6
at current price
7
project cost considered separately under respective sector
8
project cost considered under housing sector
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7.8 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS
Project Title: Renewal of Core Area
Project Description: Renewal of Core Area is proposed to be implemented for entire
Core Area. Core Area is defined as an area delimited by Cart Road. The renewal of Core
Area shall include
Shifting of non conforming activities like timber market, wholesale vegetable
market, wholesale grain market, transport hub, bus stand, slaughter house and
relocation of these activities in periurban areas
Shifting and relocation of State Government Offices from Heritage Buildings in
Mall area; revitalization of these buildings for appropriate adaptive reuse
Reconstruction of Tibetan market with traditional Tibetan architect
Rehabilitation and refurbishment of water supply and sewerage network
Cleaning, rehabilitation and lining of drainage system
Strengthening and upgradation of walkways and staircases
Improvement in street lighting
Construction, restoration and rehabilitation of retaining walls
Project Benefits:
Reduce congestion
Improvement in service delivery
Improvement in environmental conditions
Project Cost : Project cost considered separately under respective sector
Revenue Sources :
Implementation Structure: SMC and GoHP shall implement the relocation and
rehabilitation of non- conforming activities. Construction components related to urban
renewal shall be implemented by SMC on EPC contract
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by the SMC and GoHP using funds
to raised through grant under JNNURM and State and ULB contribution through
budgetary source/loans; O&M cost to be recovered from user charges of service utilities
and property tax
Time Frame: March 2008
Institutional Responsibility: SMC, GoHP and Private Operator
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Preparation of Area Development Plan for Core Area with urban renewal as the
main theme
Development of new guidelines for the Core Area for the future development
Relocation and rehabilitation policy for the Project Affected People for each
activity to be relocated
Additional Studies:
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8 WATER SUPPLY
8.1 INTRODUCTION
Water supply system of Shimla was established in 1875 to serve the population of
20,000. The water supply system was designed on pumping from nearby stream
with the help of engineering structures. Today, water supply is one of the major
impediments in the growth and development of Shimla. This chapter provides
overview of the water supply system, its delivery performance, issues and strategy
for improvement in water supply.
8.2 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Shimla Municipal Corporation (SMC) and Department of Irrigation and Public
Health (I&PH) are responsible for water supply to Shimla city. I&PH provides
treated bulk water to SMC for local supply and distribution.
The role of I&PH is development of water related infrastructures for drinking
water supply schemes, sewerage systems, irrigation systems through source
development, lifting water, boring of tube wells & providing distribution systems
and flood protection works to protect life and property in the state.
Presently, I&PH is involved in sourcing the water, treatment of water, and
transmission of water through raising and gravity mains to storage reservoirs. The
I&PH is also responsible for operation and maintenance of these systems.
I&PH supplies bulk water to SMC, which in turns distributes the water to
domestic and commercial connections. SMC is responsible for releasing water
connections, reading of water m., billing and receipt posting besides collection of
water charges, attending public grievances.
8.3 SOURCES OF WATER
SMC meets its water demand for Shimla city from the bulk water supply from
I&PH provided at subsidized rates. I&PH has set up pumping stations near five
main sources of water with standby tube wells operated during lean period. The
history of water source development for Shimla is presented in the box on next
page. The details of the bulk water supply by I&PH for Shimla City are presented
in Table 8.1.
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HISTORY OF WATER SOURCE DEVELOPMENT OF SHIMLA
First water supply scheme: 4.54 MLD, was implemented to utilize the
water from the storage reservoir of 10.92 million liters (located at 12.85
km. from Shimla), which stores water from spring sources from Dhalli
Catchment Area, during 1875 to support a population of 16,000
1st Augmentation (year 1914): Subsequently, to fulfill the growing
need of the city and the tourists, the first augmentation of Shimla Water
Supply Scheme by provision of pump sets near Cherot Nallah (year
1889) and Jagroti Nallah (year 1914) to tap 4.80 MLD of water at source
2nd Augmentation (year 1914): The second augmentation of Shimla
Water Supply Scheme (year 1914) was implemented by installation of 2
pump sets at Chair Nallah to tap 2.50 MLD of water at source
3rd Augmentation (year 1924): The third augmentation of Shimla
Water Supply Scheme was commissioned during the year 1924 to tap
7.72 MLD of water from Nauti Khad with further upgradation of
pumps at various stages.
4th Augmentation (year 1981-82): The fourth augmentation of Shimla
Water Supply Scheme was installation of pump sets at Gumma and
Darabla to tap additional 16.34 MLD of water at source. Today, the
system is designed to lift 24.06 MLD of water at source
5th Augmentation (year 1992): The fifth augmentation of Shimla
Water Supply Scheme was commissioned in April 1992 designed to
pump 10.80 MLD of water at two stage lifting at Ashwani Khad and at
Kawalag
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Table 8.1 Details of Sources of Water for Shimla City
S.N. Source Transmis Year Installed Quantity Supply to SMC
Name / sion Type of Capacity of Water (MLD)
River Name Start (MLD) Produce Non Lean
d Lean Period
(MLD) Period
Dhalli
1 Catchment Gravity 1875 4.54 1.80 0.23 0.20
Area
Cherot / 4.80 3.86 3.86 2.65
2 Pumping 1914
Jagroti Nallah
3 Chair Nallah Pumping 1914 2.50 3.00 2.50 1.42
1924
Nauti Khad
4 Pumping & 24.06 19.75 24.06 16.80
(Gumma)
1982
5 Ashwani Khad Pumping 1992 10.06 10.80 10.80 6.30
Sub Total 36.62 33.55 37.36 24.52
Tube Wells –10
6 2.63
no.
Total 30.00
The combined design capacity of the sources is45.96 MLD, although the present
yield is limited to 39.21 MLD (from the five sources) due to technical problems.
Presently, 27.37 MLD of treated water from main sources is supplied to SMC and
2.63 MLD from tube wells during the lean period. The total water supplied to the
city is 33.00 MLD. Figure 8.1 shows the sources of water for Shimla city
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Year of Start 1914
Installed Capacity 2.50
(MLD)
Quantity Produced 3.00
(MLD)
Supply Non Lean 2.50 Chair Nallah
to Period
SMC
Lean Period 1.42
Year of Start 1914 (MLD)
Installed Capacity 4.80
(MLD)
Quantity Produced 3.86 Year of Start 1924
(MLD)
Supply Non Lean 3.86 Craignano Installed Capacity 24.06
to Period (MLD)
Quantity Produced 19.75
SMC
Lean Period 2.65 (MLD)
(MLD) Supply Non Lean 24.06
to Period
Mashobra
SMC
Lean Period 16.80
(MLD)
Mansfield Nauti Khud
Sanjauli
Cherot Nallah
Ridge
Kasumpti
Dhalli
Ashwani Khud Year of Start 1875
Installed Capacity 4.54
(MLD)
Quantity Produced 1.80
(MLD)
Supply Non Lean 0.23
Year of Start 1992 to Period
SMC
Installed Capacity 10.06 Lean Period 0.20
(MLD)
(MLD)
Quantity Produced 10.80
(MLD) Sources
Supply Non Lean 10.80
to Period Reservoir
SMC
Lean Period 6.30
(MLD)
Figure 8.1 Sources of water for Shimla Planning Area
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8.4 TREATMENT OF WATER
The water lifted from the five main sources is treated at the source itself using rapid
sand filters and chlorination before transmission by I&PH. The treated water
sample test indicates that the physicochemical quality of water is safe for drinking
purposes.
8.5 PRESENT TRANSMISSION AND STORAGE CAPACITIES
The treated water is conveyed to storage reservoirs by pumping at various stages
though raising and gravity mains. Figure 8.2 shows the existing water supply system
in Shimla. The details of the pump-sets, raising and gravity mains are presented in
Table No. 8.2.
Table 8.2 Details of Pumps, Raising & Gravity mains of Bulk Water Supply
S.N Source Name / Name of the Total Head Details of Pumps and
. River Name Head Works Head (m) year of Installation
(m)
1 Dhalli Catchment 17 Sources No pumps due to gravity
Area
2 Cherot / Jagroti Cherot Pumping 400 265 BHP (1928)
Nallah Station 495 BHP (1963)
600 HP (1983)
800
600 HP (1998)
Jagroti Pumping 400 2 no. of 350 BHP (1974)
Station
3 Chair Nallah Chair Nallah 950 950 165 HP (1913-14)
2 no. of 670 HP (1996)
4 Nauti Khad Gumma Stage 1440 1440 1850 BHP (1963)
(Gumma) Pumping 3 no. 1850 BHP (1994-
99)
1st Stage at 1440 720 4 no. of 925 BHP (1981-
Gumma 82)
2nd Stage at 720 4 no. of 925 BHP (1981-
Darabla 82)
5 Ashwani Khad 1st Stage at 403 4 no. of 575 BHP (1992)
Ashwani Khad
2nd stage at 407 4 no. of 575 BHP (1992)
965
Kawalag
3rd stage at 155 2 no. 350 BHP (1992)
Kasumpti
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Figure 8.2 Existing Water Supply system of Shimla
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Storage Reservoirs: The SMC is being served water from 11 major reservoirs
having a total capacity of 36.95 ML. In addition to the above 11 major reservoirs,
28 minor reservoirs having a total capacity of 5.8 ML are also available for
distribution of water. The details of the storage reservoirs and its distribution
network are presented in Table No. 8.3.
Table 8.3 Details of Storage Reservoirs and Distribution Network
S.N NAME OF THE STORAGE CAPACITY (ML)
RESERVOIR
1 Craignano 3.00
2 Sanjauli 8.78
3 Ridge 4.63
4 Mansfield 3.63
5 Mashobra 3.00
6 Seog 10.90
7 Kasumpti 2.00
8 Kasumpti 0.22
9 Vice Regal Lodge 0.23
10 Jakhoo 0.32
11 Boileauganj 0.24
12 Total 36.95
8.6 LOCAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:
The city is divided into 16 water supply distribution zones and the details of the
zones are presented in Table 8.4.
Table 8.4 Details of the Zones and Areas covered under the local distribution
system
NAME OF AREA COVERED
THE ZONE
Sanjauli Sanjauli Bazaar, Engine Ghar, Nav Bahar, Snowdown, Jakhoo,
Pumping Station, Grand Hotel, Shankli, Scandal, Sangti
Bharari Bharari, Harvington, Kuftu, Anu, Bermu, etc
Ridge Telegraph office, Krishna Nagar, Sabzi Mandi, Ripon, Lalpani, Western
Command, Ram Bazaar, Middle bazaar
High-court Lower High Court area, Parades Garden, Kalong, Talland
BCS BCS, Khalini, Forest Colony
Mansfield Mansfield to Marina, Secretariat, Chhota Shimla bazaar, Brock Hurst
upto Govt. School
Kasumpti Kasumpti Colony, Lower Brock Hurst, Patti Rehana, Patina Mehli,
Pantha Ghati, Patelog
A G Office Kaithu, Annandale, Kavi, AG Office, Ram nagar Vidhan Sabha,
Chaura Maidan, Tuti Kandi, Kumar House, Raj Bhavan, Ava Lodge,
Labour Bureau, Kenndy House, Win Gate
Viceregal Institute of Advanced Studies, Tilak Nagar, Ghora Chowk, Hanuman
Lodge Temple
University University Complex, Summer Hill, Govt. Quarters, Shiva Mandir
Kamna Devi Hill Spur of Kamna Devi, Forest Colony
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NAME OF AREA COVERED
THE ZONE
Chakkar Sandal Hill, Tara Devi, Shoghi
Tutu Tutu Bazaar, Jutogh, Dhamida, Fatenchi
Kufri Kufri bazaar, Holiday Resort Complex, Wild Flower, Chinni
Bungalow, ITBP Colony, Fair Lawns
Mashobra Mashobra Bazaar, Craignano, Retreat, Jungle Mashobra Sipur
Dhalli Dhalli Bazaar, HRTC workshop, Dhingu Devi, Pumping Station for
higher belt of Sanjauli area
The local distribution system of core area of Shimla is more than 100 years old. The
new network system laid is not well interconnected to old network in absence of
information on the layout of old network. The network is also characterized by
heavy leakages, multiple pipes along the same alignment, network passing through
natural drainages and road side drainages, crossing of network with sewerage
network.
Figure 8.3 Water Supply Pipelines
8.7 SERVICE COVERAGE:
Total 41060 taps connections are provided. About 63% of the connections are
private while the rest account for public connections. Water is supplied for around
60 to 90 minutes everyday in non-lean period and for around 45 minutes on
alternate days during lean period. The details of water supply consumer connections
are presented in Table 8.5. The details of performance indicators are tabulated in
Table 8.6.
Table 8.5 Details of Consumer Connections
S.N Head Number of Taps %
1 Private 25800 95.70%
2 Public 200 0.74%
3 Hand Pumps 38 0.14%
4 Tank & Others 920 3.41%
Total 26958 100.00%
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Table 8.6 Water Supply Performance Indicators
S.N. Indicator Current Situation
1 Per Capita Supply at production end during lean period 94
(LPCD)
2 Per Capital Supply at consumer end during lean period 47
(LPCD)
3 T & D losses/ Total Supply >30%
4 Supply Frequency 45 minutes on
alternate days in lean
period and 90 minutes
daily on non-lean
period
5 Storage Capacity Adequacy ratio (% of Net supply) 123%
8.8 WATER DEMAND AND DEFICIT
8.8.1 Present Water Demand
The present water requirement per day for Shimla City during peak tourist
season for a total population of 2,84,635 @ 140 lpcd is 39.85 MLD as against
the supply of 33 MLD. Thus, there is deficit of water supply of about 7 MLD,
which increases to 17 MLD during summer due to shortfall because of failure
of snow or rain in previous winter. Therefore, the average shortfall in water
supply is 12 MLD as on today.
8.8.2 Future Water Demand
At current growth of existing and floating population, the water requirement of
Shimla City and its surrounding areas is expected to be 105.66 MLD for the
horizon year 2037, which creates a huge gap between present supply and
expected demand. To bridge this gap between the future water demand of
105.66 MLD and present water supply of 33 MLD, 72.66 MLD of water has to
be sourced. The estimation of water requirement is presented in Table 8.7.
Table 8.7 Estimation of Future Water Demand
Water
Total Rate of
Requirement
Nature of Population Population consumption
Million
(no.) (liters/day)
(liters/day)
Permanent Population 415497 150 62.32
Floating Population 239398 100 23.94
General requirement for various purposes other than residents.
a) Schools 48 no. @ 450 students / school 21600 45 0.97
b) Community Centres 21 no. @ 200 each 4200 45 0.19
c) 3 Service Industries @ 100 vehicles each 300 45 0.01
d) Zonal Commercial Centres 3 no. @ 1500
each 4500 45 0.20
e) Hospitals 9 no. with 100 bed each 900 450 0.41
f) Colleges 6 no. with average strength 800 4800 45 0.22
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Water
Total Rate of
Requirement
Nature of Population Population consumption
Million
(no.) (liters/day)
(liters/day)
students each
g) Special Public Institutions 8 no. @ 1000
each 8000 45 0.36
h) Cantonment area 3000 150 0.41
i) Multipurpose Cultural complexes 250 45 0.01
j) Railway stations 3 no. for 1st-6000, II-
2000 & III-1000 9000 45 0.41
k) Parking-cum-commercial areas 5 no. @
50 each 250 45 0.01
l) University Complex 1No. 5000 150 0.75
m) Milk processing plant optimum capacity
100001st. Milk. (Complex Processing) 10000 10 0.10
Sub Total 90.30
Adding for wastage @ 2% for backwashing
of filter beds 1.81
Adding 15% on account of losses in
conveyance mains etc 13.55
Grand Total 105.66
Water available from existing schemes 33
Net water requirement for the year 2037 72.66
Source: I&PH Department
8.9 WATER CHARGES
The water charges notified by SMC for domestic and commercial connections are
classified based on the quantity of water consumed under different slabs. Table 8.8
presents the water charges in Shimla City. In 2003, the water charges were revised
from flat rates to slab rates and since then, the charges are revised annually over
past three years. One time connection fee of Rs. 2,000/-and Rs. 5,000/- are
collected for new domestic, and commercial connections respectively.
Table 8.8 Municipal Water Charges
Usage Charges (Rs. per 1000 litre)
Type of
1000 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Connection
Liter per Upto After upto After
month 06.10.03 06.10.03 06.10.04 06.10.04 Till date
0-30 2.50 3.50 3.50 3.85 3.85
Residential 30-75 2.50 5.00 5.00 5.50 5.50
>75 2.50 7.50 7.50 8.25 8.25
0-30 10.50 15.00 15.00 16.50 16.50
Commercial 30-75 10.50 20.00 20.00 22.00 22.00
>75 10.50 27.50 27.50 30.25 30.25
Construction >0 NA NA NA 30.25 30.25
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8.10 COST OF WATER AND SUBSIDY ON WATER
The main source of funding for urban water supplies is by charging the end user of
water. I&PH, which produces water at Rs. 35 per KL, supplies SMC bulk water at
the rate of Rs. 8.80 per KL. SMC is charging Rs. 3.85 per KL of water for
domestic purposes even though SMC incurs an additional cost of Rs. 6.50 per KL
towards operation and maintenance costs. Table 8.9 indicates that there is subsidy
of the 90.72 % in urban water supply of Shimla.
Table 8.9 Water Cost and Water Charges
S. N. Description Cost (Rs. per 1000 L)
1 Production cost of water incurred by I&PH 35.00
department
2 Supply of Bulk water to SMC 8.80
3 Subsidy rate for Bulk Water Supply (Item 1- Item 2) 26.20
4 Operation and Maintenance Costs incurred by SMC 6.50
5 Water Charges for domestic water supply 3.85
6 Cost Incurred by SMC (Item 2 + Item 4) 15.30
7 Subsidy rate for domestic water supply (Item 6 – 11.45
Item 5)
8 Total Cost of Production of Water (Item 1+ Item 41.50
4)
9 Total Subsidy (Item 3 + Item 7) 37.65
% Subsidy 90.72%
8.11 UNACCOUNTED FOR WATER
Unaccounted for Water (UFW) due to
physical and administrative losses in the
system, lead to loss of revenue. Physical
losses are due to leakage from old,
damaged, corroded pipe lines/ connections
and leaking joints and overflow at
overhead tanks. Public taps also cause
significant waste of treated water.
Administrative losses are due to theft,
illegal tapping of water-unregistered
connections, faulty m. and unrecorded
supply due to poor records and billing
errors. The study conducted by National
Environmental Engineering Research
Institute (NEERI) in 1986 established the
leakages more than 45%.
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In order to reduce leakages and improve performance of existing system, there is a
need to conduct a leak detection study of the water supply network and develop
sufficient and reliable database regarding the water supply systems. Good
information base, willingness to follow-up on systematic replacement of leaking
pipes, defective meters and connections as well as tariff revisions, etc are critical to
the success of the water supply scheme.
Water Supply through tanker Lorries: The
hotels and restaurants in Shimla City have
engaged private tanker lorries to tap spring
water or water from nallahs in neighbouring
areas. The consultation with hoteliers
engaged in such practice, indicated that the
cost for availing such water is about Rs.
3000 per month to meet their water
requirements. This shows the affordability to pay for water.
8.12 ISSUES AND ASPECTS
Inadequate Water Sources: The available water sources as listed in Table 8.1
have been tapped to the maximum extent possible. All water sources available
nearby have been utilized and present water sources are inadequate. One of the
water sources available in abundance nearby is River Satluj, which is found to
be not suitable due to heavy silt content. Therefore, there is need to explore
and develop additional water sources to meet the current and future water
demand
Leakage of Water: Physical and administrative losses to the extent of more
than 35% causes revenue loss, and it is one of the reason for inadequate water
supply at tail end in certain areas
Service delivery: Only 57% of the households in Shimla Planning Area have
private water supply pipe connections. The distribution time is only 45 to 90
minutes and depends upon the water pressure in the network. The supply is
also characterized by low pressure
Cost of Production of Water: The cost of production of water incurred by
I&PH is Rs. 35 per 1000 litre is very high. This is due to high energy cost to
raise water to head of about 1470 m.
Heavy subsidy on Water Supply: The cost of production of water and water
charges from end users in Shimla does not match. The water supply has been
highly subsidized to the extent of 90.72 % for domestic water. The subsidy is
very high for urban water supply. Also, the water charge of SMC is not
commensurate with operation and maintenance cost of water supply systems
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Loss of Revenue due to merger of Special Area: SMC used to collect Rs. 13
per KL for water supply to areas outside municipal limits. With merger of three
special areas of Dhalli, Tutu, New Shimla in municipal limits, the SMC will
have to charge notified rates as result causing loss of revenue from water
supply
8.13 VISION AND GOALS
“Provision of Adequate Quantity of Safe Water to all”
DESCRIPTION 2006 2011 2016 2021
Water supply liters per capita per day (Average) 100 150 150 150
Transmission and distribution losses (%) >30 20 10 10
% Population Covered 90 100 100 100
% Area Covered 90 100 100 100
Total supply/ storage capacity 1.23 >1 >1 >1
No. of hours of supply (Lean Period) 0.75 1 1.5 2
Treatment capacity 100 100 100 100
8.14 STRATEGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF INTERVENTIONS
The water supply system for Shimla is unbundled system as:
Bulk Water Supply: Bulk Water Supply would comprise of abstraction of
water from source, treatment and transmission to the bulk consumers
Local Supply: Local supply would comprise of distribution, supply of
water to end consumer, billing and collection of revenue
A phased approach is to be implemented simultaneously to remove the operational
efficiencies and meet the water demand. The Phase 1 shall provide short-term
solution of augmenting water supply through realization of additional water through
reduction in losses. The Phase 1 would involve improving the performance of
existing system through rehabilitation and upgradation. The Phase II shall address
the augmentation of water supply through exploration of new sources like river
Pabbar to meet medium and long-term requirements.
Rehabilitation and Upgradation of main water distribution network of
Shimla Planning Area
Rehabilitation of entire water production, transmission and distribution system is
warranted with an objective of reducing losses, improving water quality and
pressure. It would also include enhancing coverage to slum areas, public standposts
and conversion of un-authorized connections to authorized connections.
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The incremental revenue generation due to efficiency gain can offset the revenue
loss from merger of special areas and may be leveraged to raise the investment
required for expansion and augmentation.
Augmentation of water supply distribution system for SADA Areas
Augmentation of water supply and distribution system is required for provision of
water supply to newly merged areas of Dhalli, New Shimla and Tutu and special
areas of Ghanahatti, Kufri, and Shoghi. This shall include provision of water
storage system and laying of new distribution pipelines.
Augmentation of Water Sources
The water demand of Shimla for year 2021 and 2037 is 62.78 MLD and 105.66
MLD respectively. To meet the water demand of Shimla city, the following
interventions are identified:
a. Augmentation of existing water source from Nauti Khad
b. Augmentation of water supply scheme for Shimla city from river Giri
c. Sourcing of water from river Pabbar
GoHP has undertaken augmentation scheme for Nauti Khad and River Giri for
implementation as an immediate and short-term measure.
Rainwater Harvesting
In order to tackle the water scarcity problem of Shimla, the strategy should aim at
conservation of water through rooftop rainwater harvesting and creation of water
bodies/storage tanks at suitable locations along the hill slopes through
construction of check dams. Roof top rainwater has been made mandatory in new
buildings and hotel through local bylaws.
Water Monitoring Cell
I&PH and SMC shall have a specialized wing for monitoring of water supply that
shall carry out regular undertake water loss monitoring through leak detections and
surveillance of administrative losses. This shall go a long way in prevention of loss
of water. Water monitoring cell should be provided with automation system
including conducting GIS survey and mapping, digital control panels, electronic
bulk m., sluice valves, digital display system etc.
8.15 PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK
In order to improve efficiency and attract private investment, it is recommended
that GoHP and SMC implement water management programme for Shimla on
Public Private Partnership format through Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV).
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The SPV shall develop and implement projects by entering through separate EPC
and O&M contracts/Management Contract/ Service Contract with private sector.
The Phase 1 related to rehabilitation of existing system may be implemented on
the short-term management contract of 5 years for management with rehabilitation
investment from SPV with eligible grant-in-aid support from GoI and GoHP. The
management contract shall address the following:
Identifying short-term measures to improve efficiency
Undertake condition assessment
Formulate and implement programme for improvement of service levels
Training of staff in operation and maintenance of the water supply system
Oversight EPC contractor appointed for undertaking rehabilitation and
expansion programme
Subsequently, SPV can induct operator on long-term contract for management,
operation and maintenance of the system.
The Pabbar River Based Bulk Water Supply Scheme can be structured on Separate
EPC and O&M Contract.
The SPV should be responsible for project development and induction of private
sector contractors and/or operators for implementation, supervision and
monitoring of project.
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8.16 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
The investment plan for Integrated Water Supply Project for Shimla Planning Area
to meet the mid term (year 2021) demand and to be sufficient enough to cater to
the long term (year 2036) need is tabulated below. The cost for each of the
interventions is based on the preliminary cost estimates prepared by various
engineering departments, which does not include land acquisition cost. The land
acquisition requirement and costs shall be finalized based on the Detailed Project
Reports and the investment plan shall be suitably finalized.
(in Rs. Lakhs)
Total
S.N. Project 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Cost
1 Technical Studies:
Master Plans, DPRs
and Energy Audit
Studies 500 50 200 100 100 50 -
2 Rainwater harvesting
and water
conservation 240 120 120 - - - -
3 Augmentation of
water supply scheme
for Shimla City from
River Pabbar 57954 5797 15000 25000 12157 -
4 Rehabilitation of
water supply
transmission and
distribution network
and
augmentation/extens
ion of distribution
network 6563 700 2200 2700 963 - -
8 Water Monitoring 300 100 100 100 - - -
Cell
Total 65557 970 8417 17900 26063 12207 -
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8.17 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS
Project Title: Rain Water Harvesting through Roof Top and Check Dams
Project Description: Rain Water Harvesting is proposed through rooftop measures
for buildings and creation of water for storages by checkdams along the nallahs. The
rooftop measures shall be implemented for government and other public buildings in
Shimla Municipal Corporation and Special Areas The components of the project shall
include construction of storage tanks and related piping work
Project Benefits:
Increases water availability
Provides control over water source
Stored rain water from roof tops can be used directly for flushing wash rooms
and gardening
Can be source for water for fire hydrants in building premises
Project Cost: Rs. 240 Lakhs
Implementation Structure:
The project shall be implemented by GoHP through I&PH and PWD with financing
from GoI under JNNURM
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Need to create awareness through awareness generation and commitment campaign
for ensuring effective implementation and long-term sustenance of the initiative.
Additional Studies:
Assessment of sites for creation of water bodies, the usage and distribution system
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Project Title: Augmentation of Water Supply Scheme for Shimla City from River
Pabbar
Project Description: To source 52 MLD of water from river Pabbar by I&PH. The
project shall include construction of intake weir, sedimentation tank, sump well, pump
house, treatment plant, filtration plant, pumping stations, rising and gravity mains etc.
Project Benefits:
Increases water availability
Project Cost: Rs. 57954 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: Water user charges collected by SMC
Implementation Structure: I&PH/SPV shall be responsible for execution of the
required works through EPC contract
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by I&PH/SPV using funds to be
raised through grant under JNNURM
Time Frame:
Project Development: 2007-2008
Implementation: 2008-2011
Institutional Responsibility: I&PH/SPV
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Project development including preparation of detailed feasibility and detailed project
report.
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Revision in water tariff would be required in order to make water supply provisioning
sustainable.
Additional Studies:
Detailed Project Report for augmentation of water source from river Pabbar
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Project Title: Rehabilitation of water transmission and distribution network and
augmentation/extension of distribution network
Project Description: The project components shall include
(1) Metering: Installation of flow/ bulk m. and m. at consumers end (existing and new
areas as covered above), and their maintenance for specified number of years (say 5
years)
(2) Leakage Reduction: Detection and reduction of physical water leakages through
repair or replacements of network pipelines and ferrules and pipelines for consumer
connections
(3) Un-authorized Connections: Assessment of numbers of un-authorized connections,
their location and volume of water consumed; replacing unauthorized connections
with authorized connections, where required
(4) Connections to Slums: Provide individual or shared connections to slums (slum
population is around 10% of total population), public stand-posts, etc. as required
(5) Water Treatment Plant Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation of existing WTPs including
repair/ replacement of pumps, motors, electrical equipment, inlet works, treatment
works, civil works, etc.
(6) Replacement of the internal water pipe line of the distribution system
(7) Provision for additional service reservoir extension of distribution network to
periurban areas
Project Benefits:
Reduces transmission and distribution losses
Increases coverage of the distribution network
Increases the capacity of the distribution network
Improves the credibility of the water charges collection system
Project Cost: Rs. 6863 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: Revenue from increased water realized through leakage reduction
Implementation Structure: SMC/SPV shall be responsible for the execution of the
required works through EPC contract
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by the SMC/SPV using funds to
be raised through grant under JNNURM; O&M cost to be borne by SMC/SPV
Time Frame: Project Development : 2006 ; Implementation :2007- 2010
Institutional Responsibility: I&PH and SMC/SPV
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Project development including preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
Preparation of the Comprehensive Water Supply Master Plan for Shimla
Planning Area which shall include:
Non revenue water assessment using of flow m. to assess volume of water
produced and consumed/ lost at various points in the system
Assessment of numbers of un-authorized connections
Energy audit studies
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9 SEWERAGE SYSTEM
9.1 INTRODUCTION
Sewerage system is as important as the water supply system and forms an integral
part of environmental character of a city. Sewage treatment facilities of Shimla
have been substantially improved over the years to cater to future demand.
9.2 POLICY, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
I&PH and SMC are responsible for provision of sewerage system and related
services in SPA. I&PH is involved in planning, construction, operation &
maintenance of sewerage collection, treatment and disposal system. SMC maintains
domestic and commercial connections from the door end to the main sewer lines,
billing and collection and attending to citizen’s grievances.
9.3 SEWERAGE SYSTEM
Shimla Municipal Area has a well-laid underground sewerage system and is
maintained by I&PH. The first sewerage network was laid in the year 1880 to serve
a population of 18000. In year 2005, under the assistance from OPEC and state
funding, a new sewerage network for Shimla was designed and implemented to
cater the demand for year 2031. Figure 9.1 shows the sewerage system of Shimla
9.4 NETWORK COVERAGE
The network of new sewerage system in Shimla is about 179 km and diameter of
sewer pipes ranges from 150 mm to 800 mm. The new network of main sewer
lines are shown in Figure 9.1. The network covers 90% of municipal area serving
upto 80% of population. Special Areas, which are now merged in SMC, are
without any sewerage network. Table 9.1 presents the performance indicators of
the sewerage system.
Table 9.1 Performance Indicators
Special Areas of
SMC Dhalli, Tutu,
S. N. Indicator Ghanahatti,
Area New Shimla
Kufri, and Shoghi
1 Network Coverage 90% No coverage No coverage
2 Access to Sewerage 80% No access No access
Total Quantity 4.80 Information Not Information Not
3
Collected MLD Available Available
Capacity of Treatment 35.63
4 - -
Plants MLD
Utilization of treatment
5 13.5% Septic Tanks Septic Tanks
and disposal plants
6 Recycling / Reuse Nil Nil Nil
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Figure 9.1 Existing Sewerage System of Shimla
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9.5 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
I&PH has constructed 6 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) with total capacity of
35.63 MLD through OPEC funding. I&PH has given operation & maintenance of
these STPs on management contract. The details of Treatment plants are
presented in Table 9.2. Plate 9.1 to 9.3 show pictures of STPs in Shimla Planning
Area. The total sewage received by six plants is only about 4.8 MLD for treatment.
The treated effluents from STPs are disposed in adjoining Nallahs.
Table 9.2 Details of Sewerage Treatment Plant
S. Name of Sewage Capacity Technology
Locations
N Treatment Plant (MLD) Used
1 Lalpani 19.35 Near Baragaon on Shoghi Bypass UASB
Below Malyana Village on Shoghi
2 Sanjauli Malyana 4.44
Sanjauli Bypass
3 Dhalli 0.76 Below Dhalli Churat Road Extended
Near Barmoo Village below Aeration
4 Snowdown 1.35
Snowdown System
5 North Disposal 5.80 At Golcha below Annadale
6 Summer Hill 3.93 At Gadog Village Summer Hill
Plate 9.1: Sewerage Treatment Plant at Lalpani
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Plate 9.2: Sewerage Treatment Plant at Malyana near Sanjauli
Plate 9.3: Sewerage Treatment Plant at Dhalli
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9.6 RECYCLING AND REUSE OF TREATED WATER
Presently, the treated sewage disposed in nallahs is used by downstream people for
cultivation. The recycling and reuse of treated sewage for non potable purpose in
the city is not feasible due to requirement of separate distribution network and
pumping requirement as all STPs are located down hill side.
9.7 TARIFF NOTIFICATION
Sewer connection and monthly sewerage charges for domestic and commercial are
tabulated in Table 9.3.
Table 9.3 Tariff Notification of Sewerage
S. N. Description Commercial per Domestic per Seat
Seat
1 One Time
Connection Charges – Rs. 800/- Rs. 400/-
Non refundable
2 Monthly Charges 50% of Water billing 50% of Water billing
per month per month
Though SMC has notified tariff for sewerage, it has not yet charged to the water
users.
9.8 ISSUES AND ASPECTS
Interconnectivity between old and new sewer system: The new sewerage
system is connected to the STPs, whereas the connectivity between the old
network and new sewerage network is not well established. This is due to lack
of adequate information regarding the layout of old sewerage network. Even
though, the present sewerage coverage as per records is 90% of Municipal
Area, the amount of treatment is only 10% and remaining 90% goes untreated
Also, due to lack of connectivity of old network with transmission lines,
requisite quantity of sewage does not reach the STPs and the STPs are not fully
utilized to its design capacity
Absence of sewerage network coverage: All the Special Areas including
those recently included in Shimla Municipal Corporation like Dhalli, Tutu,
New Shimla, and Special Areas of Ghanahatti, Kufri and Shoghi is surviving
on private septic tanks for sewage disposal. No planned sewerage network has
been provided in these areas
Revenue Loss: SMC is incurring revenue loss due to non-enforcement of
sewerage tariff notifications. The loss is to the extent of Rs. 280 Lakhs
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9.9 VISION AND GOALS
“To Achieve Environmentally Sustainable
Recycling-Oriented Waste Water Management”
Description 2006* 2011** 2016 2021
% of Population covered 80 90 95 100
% of Area covered 90 95 100 100
% of Sewage treated 10 50 100 100
% of reuse of treated waste 0 10 25 50
water
* Shimla Municipal Area, ** Shimla Planning Area
9.10 STRATEGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF INTERVENTIONS
Considering existing issues and available data on the sewerage, to achieve the
sewerage disposal vision for Shimla City, following are the strategies recommended
for Integrated Sewerage Disposal Project for Shimla Planning Area.
Rehabilitation of sewerage network
The rehabilitation of sewerage network including main line is required in order to
prevent leakages and providing linkages to the new network and main transmission
line leading to STPs
Augmentation of sewerage network for areas of Dhalli, Tutu, New Shimla
and Special Areas of Ghanahatti, Kufri and Shoghi
Provision of new sewerage network for the areas of Dhalli, Tutu, New Shimla and
Special Areas of Ghanahatti, Kufri and Shoghi should be done. This shall include
construction of 7 STPs to serve the proposed sewerage network. I&PH
department has prepared a preliminary project report for provision of new
sewerage network
Enforcement of tariff notification on sewerage
SMC is losing revenue of Rs. 280 Lakhs annually due to non-enforcement of
sewerage charges on user. It is recommended that the same should be made
applicable in line with reform requirement
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9.11 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
(in Rs. Lakhs)
S.N Project Total 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Cost
1 Technical Studies:
Master Plans and
DPRs 200.00 20 50 50 50 30 -
2 Rehabilitation of
the main sewerage
network 4899 500 1000 2000 1399 - -
3 Provision of
sewerage network
for areas of Dhalli,
Tutu, New Shimla
and special areas of
Ghanahatti, Kufri
and Shoghi 12180 - 1218 4872 4854 1236 -
4 Provision of
missing links to
connect the
refurbished old
sewerage network
with new sewerage
network. 576 100 300 176 - - -
Total 17856 620 2568 7098 6303 1266 -
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9.12 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS
Project Title: Rehabilitation of Sewerage Network
Project Description: The project shall involve rehabilitation of main sewerage network
secondary network within MC area and providing interconnectivity between old and new
network
Project Benefits:
o Reduces leakage
o Improves environmental and hygienic conditions
o Improves connectivity
o STPs receives the requisite sewage
o Stops contamination of open nallahs
o Removes leakage and stagnation
o Improves the health indicators
Project Cost: Rs. 5475.35 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: Sewerage user charges collected by SMC
Implementation Structure: I&PH/SMC shall be responsible for the execution of the
required works through EPC contract.
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by I&PH/SMC using funds to be
raised through grant under JNNURM; O&M cost may be recovered from recovery
sewerage charges & property tax
Time Frame: Project Development : 2006 ; Implementation : 2007-2010
Institutional Responsibility: I&PH and SMC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of Detailed Project Report
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Enforcement of sewerage tariff notification
Additional Studies:
Comprehensive Master Plan for sewerage system of SPA
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Project Title: Augmentation of sewerage network in Dhalli, Tutu, New Shimla
and Special Areas of Ghanahatti, Kufri and Shoghi Areas
Project Description: The Special Areas and other left out areas, which has no sewerage
connection, shall be provided with new network taking into considerations existing and
future demand with proper planning tools
Project Benefits:
Expansion of population coverage of sewerage
Better environmental and hygienic conditions
Project Cost: Rs. 12180.30 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: New sewer connection charges and user charges to be collected by
SMC and SADAs
Implementation Structure: I&PH/SMC shall be responsible for execution of required
works through EPC contract. O&M of STPs may be through private sector participation
on O&M contract
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by I&PH using funds to be raised
through grant under JNNURM; O&M cost to be recovered from sewerage charges and
property tax
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007 Implementation 2008-2011
Institutional Responsibility: SMC and I&PH department
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Project development including preparation of Detailed Project Report and induction of
private sector
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Enforcement of sewerage tariff notification
Additional Studies: Comprehensive Master Plan for sewerage system of Shimla
Planning Area
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10 STORM WATER DRAINAGE
10.1 INTRODUCTION
The average annual rainfall over Shimla is about 1650 mm. The hilly terrain of
Shimla has gifted itself with a good natural drainage pattern by the open streams or
nallahs. The rainwater runoff finds its own course to open streams or nallahs.
10.2 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
Public Works Department (PWD) is responsible for construction of side storm
water drains on the either of PWD road network in Shimla City. Cross drainage
works in form of culverts and bridges on the PWD road network is also under
PWD, which also is responsible for its maintenance.
The open streams or nallahs within Shimla city is under the control of Shimla
Municipal Corporation.
10.3 NATURAL DRAINS
The Kufri-Dhalli-Sanjauli-Ridge-Tutu spinal is a drainage divide of Shimla city.
The tributaries on southern side go to Yamuna and those on northern side to
Satluj. Shimla has 13 major nallahs and number of minor nallahs, which are natural
drains for rain water and off late for waste water too. Some lining is visible along
these major nallahs but is not effectively coursing the storm water. Most of the
natural drains (nallahs) are encroached upon and disposal or debris is a common
view of the nallah.
Plate 10.1 Natural Drains of Shimla
10.4 ROAD SIDE DRAINS
KSC road and Motor Round Road have roadside open drains on the hilly side,
which functions mainly for the water draining from the rocks and small water
springs. These drains are further connected to near by natural drains (nallahs). At
some locations, they are provided with cross drainage works on the roads for the
water to drain from the hilly side to the valley side. Roadside drains are provided
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on the hillside of the municipal roads, which are basically a shyaway type of drain
as shown in Plate 10.1 to Plate 10.3. Even though storm water drains are
constructed by SMC, PWD and respective SADA while upgrading roads, the
maintenance of storm water drains are least attended with only response during
excessive damage to the drains.
Plate 10.2 Road Side Drains in Shimla
Plate 10.3 Encroachment of Road Side Drains in all possible ways
It may be not a misnomer to call these roadsides drains as utility ducts cum drains,
as most of the roadside drains have become a common right of way for water pipe
lines, electric cables, telecommunication cables, TV cables and a few locations as
waste water sewerage disposal nodes.
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10.5 ISSUES AND ASPECTS
Choking of Nallahs due to disposal of debris and garbage into the drains
Silting of drains due to constant blockages
Dislocated and damaged old lining of the drains
Encroachment of Nallahs
Free access to dispose wastewater from nearby habitation and establishments
into the natural drains
No cleaning of natural drains and no clearance of excess floral growth on the
drains
Unpleasant odour of dirty water flowing in the drains
Absence of check dams to conserve rain water
Low coverage of road side drains
Irregular and insufficient roadside drains sizes causes overflow of run off
water, which is very detrimental to black top roads
Poor maintenance of road side drains
Indiscriminate laying of services pipes and lines along the drains by other
department and agencies
Absence of comprehensive data on storm water drainage network
10.6 VISION AND GOALS
“Provision of long lasting Clean Natural and Road Side Drains”
DESCRIPTION 2006 2011 2016 2021
% Road side drains to length of road network 10 50 75 100
% Lining of natural drains 0 90 100 100
% Conservation of rain water by check dams 0 90 100 100
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10.7 STRATEGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF INTERVENTIONS
To build a robust storm water drainage network and to achieve the storm water
drainage vision for Shimla City, following are strategies for Integrated Drainage
Project for Shimla Planning Area:
Rehabilitation of natural drains
The Municipal Corporation has undertaken a reconnaissance survey of the natural
drains and has prepared a block cost estimate for restoration, rehabilitation,
training and cleaning natural drainage system. The list of identified natural drains,
which are to be taken up for renovation in the first instance, is given in Annexure
23.5 and Annexure 23.6
Removal of unauthorized structures and encroachment on natural drains
Regulatory framework for removal of unauthorized structures and encroachment
of natural drains should be included under municipal acts as a policy to prevent
further encroachment and usage of natural drainage for other purposes
Construction of rainwater harvesting structures
Rainwater harvesting as covered under the proposed Integrated Water Supply
Project should be done to decrease water demand of Shimla
Construction of roadside drains as per drainage design
Roadside drains should be as per the design requirements with specifications to
handle the run off water and to provide cross drainage works for effective draining
of rainwater into natural drains
Increase in frequency of cleaning of drains to avoid silting
Frequency of cleaning of drains should be increased which will help in avoiding
silting and desilting of drains and eventually improve the efficiency of the drain
capacity
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10.8 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
S.N. Project Total 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Cost
(Lakhs)
1 Technical Studies:
Master Plans and
DPRs 100 100 - - - - -
2 Renovation of
Identified Natural
Drains 413.76 - 413.76 - - - -
3 Renovation of
Open Drains 84.50 - 84.50 - - - -
4 Construction of
roadside drains as
per drainage design 810.00 - 810.00 - - - -
Total 1408.26 100.00 1308.26 - - - -
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10.9 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS
Project Title: Renovation of Identified Natural Drains
Project Description: Renovation of 22 natural drains, which are within the corporation
limits by lining of the drains, removal of debris and garbage, desilting, removal of
excessive vegetation
Project Benefits:
Restoration of natural drains
Increased drainage capacity
Prevention of pollution of storm water
Improvement the aesthetics of drains
Project Cost: Rs. 413.76 Lakhs
Implementation Structure: SMC shall be responsible for the execution of the required
works through EPC contract.
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by the SMC using funds to raised
through grant under JNNURM
Time Frame: 12 months
Institutional Responsibility: SMC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of Detailed Project Report
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
Preparation of Integrated Storm Water Drainage Plan for Shimla Planning Area.
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Project Title: Construction of roadside drains as per drainage design
Project Description: SMC and PWD shall construct roadside drains for length of 54
km. as per drainage design specifications. The drains shall be of a composite drain that
have conduits for all cables ducts and provision for pipes and other utility services
Project Benefits:
Improved capacity of road side drains
Improvement in aesthetics of road
Delineation of service for utility services
Project Cost: Rs. 810 Lakhs
Implementation Structure: SMC and PWD shall implement the integrated storm water
drainage plan under respective roads through EPC contract, O&M cost may be
recovered from utility users
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by SMC and PWD using funds to
raised through grant under JNNURM; O&M cost to be borne by SMC & PWD
Time Frame: In synchronous with development of roads and utility services
Institutional Responsibility: SMC and PWD
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of Detailed Project Report
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
Preparation of Drainage Master Plan for Shimla Planning Area
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11 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
11.1 INTRODUCTION
All cities in India are faced with environmental degradation and visual pollution
from increasing generation of solid wastes and its inadequate management due to
population growth and rapid urbanization. Shimla is not different from other cities
in this aspect. With increasing urbanization and influx of tourists, solid waste
management is daunting task.
11.2 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Shimla Municipal Corporation is responsible for collection, transportation,
treatment and disposal of solid waste in SMC limits, while SADA is responsible for
SWM services in their respective special areas. However, SMC is providing
collection and transportation services is few SADA areas.
SMC has introduced bylaws on Door-to-Door Garbage collection vide notification
UD-A(3)-2/2006, dated August 2006 following the directions issued by Hon.
High Court. The Municipal Corporation Shimla Door to Door Garbage Collection
Bylaws, 2006 prohibits littering and promotes participation of community and
private sector in collection of waste.
11.3 GENERATION
The average generation in Shimla Planning Area is estimated to be 87 MT per day
@ average of 0.43 kg per day9 per capita generation. The generation is
characterized by high level of seasonal variations with 30% increase in peak season.
The solid waste projections for planning horizon are presented in Table 11.1 and
Figure 11.1. The characterization of solid waste from Shimla indicates that 65% of
the waste is organic waste. Balance constitute paper, metals, glass, textiles, plastics
and polythene and other debris.
Table 11.1 Solid waste generation and projection
Solid Waste Generation
S.N Year Population
(MT per day)
1 2001 174789 75
2 2006 203091 87
3 2011 235970 101
4 2016 274185 118
5 2021 318560 137
9
Source: “Analytical & Financial Study on Solid Waste Management for Shimla”, World Bank SASES Unit,
October 2005; Based on the survey conducted by a NGO in few locations in Jakhoo locality in Shimla
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Figure 11.1 Solid waste generation and projection
11.4 COLLECTION
The Solid Waste collection is about 35-40 MT/day amounting to collection
efficiency of about 40 to 46%. The collection of solid waste is primarily through
community bin system comprising of 142 dumper containers and 209 concrete
dustbins. Frequency of clearing of bin varies from daily to alternate day to twice in
week depending on area. Bin: Population ratio varies between 1:132 and 1: 898.
Collection is also carried out through street sweeping. SMC area has 142 km length
of road. Street sweeping in SMC is
carried out through 405 sanitation
workers of SMC. The road length
covered per sweeper is about 350m as
against the national average of 1-1.5 km.
The collection is carried out using Suphli
and baskets and transportation of street
sweepings to nearest community bin is
carried out using nylon bags. Sweeping is
also carried out through private sweepers on Sundays and holidays in the heart of
the city i.e. Mall Road, Lower Bazaar, Sabji Mandi, Lakkar Bazaar etc.
Recently Shimla Municipal Corporation has introduced Door-to-door collection
(D2D) scheme under HP Municipal Corporation Act 1994 in selected areas
through Private Sector Participation. Shimla Municipal Corporation has introduced
a bylaw on D2D collection in August 2006. About 30-35% population within SMC
is covered under D2D scheme. SMC has notified the tariff for D2D solid waste
collection for contracted areas and is envisaging to select D2D Operators for
remaining based on tariff based bidding process.
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11.5 TRANSPORTATION
Transportation of waste is carried out mainly through dumper placers and tipper
trucks. About 14 vehicles are utilized for transportation of waste, which includes
10 dumper placers, 3 tippers and 1 truck. The average distance to be traveled to
disposal site by transport vehicles is 14
km. Of the 14 vehicles available with
SMC for transportation, 4 vehicles are
more than 10 years old and 6 vehicles are
more than 8 years old. Transportation of
waste is done in single shift with dumper
placer making 6-8 trips and tipper only
making 1 trip in a shift. The ratio of
number of dumper containers to number
of dumper placers is 14. Only 25% of the dumper containers are lifted in day. The
cost of transportation is estimated to be Rs. 250 /T excluding manpower cost.
11.6 PROCESSING AND TREATMENT
SMC has commissioned a solid waste processing and treatment plant of 100
Mt/day capacity at the cost 3.72 Cr in 2001 at Darni-ka-Bagicha in Lalpani. The
treatment is based on Excel aerobic composting technology. The plant receives
about 912 MT per month wastes during normal season and 1266 MT per month
wastes during peak season amounting to 30-45 Mt/day. The amount of compost
produced is about 15-20 MT per month.
SMC has established common biomedical waste treatment facility comprising of
incinerator for treatment and disposal of biomedical wastes. In absence of
autoclave shredder and burial pits, the facility is not able to provide a complete
treatment and disposal for all types of biomedical wastes.
11.7 DISPOSAL
The disposal is carried out through open landfilling along the hill slopes near the
processing and treatment plant. About 1200 sq.m. area is being used for
landfilling. About 170-300 MT per month of inert material from processing plant
(which amounts to 18%-22% of total waste received) is disposed at landfill site.
The construction wastes and debris which is collected separately and disposed off
at the landfill site is used as cover material.
11.8 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
The department of solid waste management is under the administrative control of
health officer who is assisted by chief sanitary inspector, program coordinator,
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sanitary inspectors, sanitary jamadars and safai karamcharis. Total 592 employees
including permanent, daily wagers and contract workers are engaged in providing
SWM services. Shimla is divided into six sanitary wards and the market area for
providing SWM services. Each sanitary ward is divided into beats supervised by
sanitary inspectors.
11.9 FINANCIALS
SMC spends about Rs. 533 Lakhs per annum on solid waste management, which
constitutes about 27% of total municipal annual budget. About 82% of
expenditure is on manpower and balance 18% is on fuel, vehicle maintenance,
materials and others. While the major cost component (77%) is sweeping
operation, the transportation contributes to 12% cost. Presently no costs are
incurred towards processing and disposal. The cost of solid waste management is
estimated to be Rs. 2800 per MT. The capital cost towards SWM services is met
from current revenues and borrowings.
11.10 ROLE OF PRIVATE SECTOR
Presently, role of private sector is limited to provision of D2D services in limited
areas and construction, operation and maintenance of processing and treatment
plant.
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11.11 ISSUES AND CONCERNS
11.11.1 Collection
Due to hilly terrain of Shimla, there are topographic constraints in D2D
collection and transportation
Collection efficiency is very poor. Balance waste remains uncollected and
disposed indiscriminately on the valley slopes
Unwillingness of citizen and commercial establishments to participate in
D2D collection services. Presently collection services are provided in
morning hours which are not consistent with checkout timings of hotels
and office working hours
Presently about 592 employees are involved in provision of SWM services
with about 350 m road length per sweeper, the sweeping operations is
overstaffed. In view of expansion of D2D services on PPP format to entire
town and merger of 3 SADA areas in SMC area, there is need for
redeployment of the employees involved in the sweeping operations
11.11.2 Transportation
The existing transportation infrastructure and resources are inadequate
resulting in lower collection efficiency
The useful life of more than 70% of existing transportation vehicle is over
With shifting of treatment and disposal facility outside the town, the lead
distance shall increase by 13 km and therefore number trips per vehicle will
reduce
11.11.3 Treatment
Existing location of plant is within 1km from residential area. High Court
ruling in Public Interest Litigation filed against the location and operation
of existing plant has order to curb the odour emissions from the existing
plant or shift the plant outside the town. SMC has identified an alternate
site at Banahatti for locating an integrated facility comprising of processing,
treatment and disposal facility
Presently only 30% capacity of the treatment plant is utilized
The processing and treatment plant was structured with revenue model
based on sale of compost. The quality of compost produced in the plant is
not in conformation with the standards, thus restricting demand and sale
of the compost and financial viability of the project with regards to not
only full cost recovery but also operational cost
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Plant is based on aerobic composting technology. It is suggested that the
suitability of aerobic composting technology for processing and treatment
should be assessed and suitable modifications and/or alternate technology
if any required should be selected while shifting the plant to new location
The tenure of the agreement with private sector developer of existing
processing and treatment plant is till December 2006. On expiry of the
agreement, existing plant shall be returned to SMC and SMC shall be
responsible for processing, treatment and disposal of waste. The technical
and financial capability of the SMC is limited to operate the plant during
the phasing period till the alternate facility is commissioned
11.11.4 Disposal
Open landfilling and noncompliance with MSW Rules
Location of landfill site within 1km distance of residential area
Inadequate landfill site
11.11.5 Biomedical Treatment
Existing facility is not able to provide treatment and disposal for all types
of biomedical wastes in conformation with Biomedical (Handling and
Management) Rules
11.11.6 Financials
Currently, the cost of solid waste management is about Rs. 2800 per tones
of waste, which is very high compared to national average (Rs. 1000-1300
per MT in plains)
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11.12 VISION AND GOALS
“Clean & Green Shimla through Environmentally
Sustainable Waste Management Practice”
Indicator 2006 2011 2016 2021
Total Waste Generated per day 87 101 118 137
D2D Services Provided 30% 80% 100% 100%
% of Waste Collected 40% 80% 100% 100%
% of Waste Processed, Treated
and Disposed 40% 80% 100% 100%
Trips/Vehicle 6 10* 10 10
Dumper Container/Dumper
Placer 14.2 10.0 10.0 10.0
*in view of alternate site for integrated facility at Banahatti, increasing the lead distance by 13 km and extending the
operations in two shifts
11.13 STRATEGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF INTERVENTIONS
11.13.1 Approach for Strategy
Strategy for Solid Waste Management is developed based on seven directives
endorsed by the Municipal Solid Waste (Handling and Management) Rules
2000. These are as follows:
(1) Prohibit littering on the streets by ensuring storage of waste at source in
two bins; one for biodegradable waste and another for recyclable material
(2) Primary collection of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste from the
doorstep, (including slums and squatter areas) at pre-informed timings on a
day-to-day basis using containerized tricycle/handcarts/pick up vans
(3) Street sweeping covering all the residential and commercial areas on all the
days of the year irrespective of Sundays and public holidays
(4) Abolition of open waste storage depots and provision of covered
containers or closed body waste storage depots
(5) Transportation of waste in covered vehicles on a day to day basis
(6) Treatment of biodegradable waste using composting or waste to energy
technologies meeting the standards laid down
(7) Minimize the waste going to the land fill and dispose of only rejects from
the treatment plants and inert material at the landfills as per the standards
laid down in the rules
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11.13.1.1 Planning
Preparation of Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan for
Shimla Planning Area
11.13.1.2 Collection
Expansion of D2D collection to entire Shimla Planning Area and
improvement in collection efficiency. There is need to institutionalize
and integrate rag pickers in the primary collection
Segregation of waste at collection point to reduce transportation
requirement. SMC should encourage citizen participation in source
segregation through awareness campaigns or introduction of penalty
fees
Improving efficiency of street sweeping operations and secondary
collection
11.13.1.3 Transport
Augmentation of transportation infrastructure to ensure better
secondary collection and transportation
11.13.1.4 Treatment and Disposal
Capacity building of SMC to operate existing facility during transition
period
Technology assessment for processing and treatment of solid waste
Identification of alternate site for integrated municipal solid waste
processing, treatment and disposal facility in view of High Court
Orders
Detailed feasibility study for development of integrated solid waste
management facility at identified location
Shifting/Phasing of existing treatment facility and remediation of
existing disposal site
Design, construction and operation of integrated solid waste
management facility including processing and treatment plant and
sanitary landfill site in compliance with MSW rules
11.13.1.5 Biomedical Treatment Facility
Upgradation of existing biomedical treatment facility
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11.13.2 Scope and Options of Private Sector Participation
Role of private sector in SWM is growing in India. Surat, Ahmedabad, Nagpur,
Hyderabad, Chennai are successful examples of PPP participation in India. The
outsourcing to private sector should be encouraged in order to improve the
financial viability. The scope of private sector participation in various activities
related to solid waste management is presented in Table 11.2 and 11.3.
Table 11.2 PPP Options in Solid Waste Management
S.N Activity SMC Private Implementation
Sector Options
1 D2D Collection X Service Contract
2 Street Sweeping X Service Contract
3 Construction and X BOT and its
Maintenance of variance/Separate EPC and
Community Bins O&M Contract
4 Transportation of waste X X Concession/O&M Contract
to integrated facility
5 Design, development, X BOT and its variance/
operation and Separate EPC and O&M
maintenance of processing Contract
and treatment plant for
solid waste including
special wastes like
vegetable market waste,
abattoir waste
6 Design, development, X BOT and its
operation and variance/DBO/Separate EPC
maintenance of sanitary and O&M Contract
landfill site
Table 11.3 Examples of PPP in Solid Waste Management in India
S.N Services on PPP Examples
1 D2D Collection Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Nagpur, Jaipur,
North Dumdum, New
Barrackpore (West Bengal), Gandhinagar,
Vejalpur (Gujarat)
2 Street Sweeping Surat, Hyderabad
3 Storage and Transportation Surat, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Delhi
4 Integrated Treatment and Disposal Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata,
Chennai, Hyderabad, and Ahmedabad
5 Integrated primary collection, Chennai
street sweeping, storage and
transportation
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11.14 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
(in Rs. Lakhs)
S.N Project Project Investment Schedule
Cost10 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 D2D Collection 200 100 100 - - - -
2 Street Sweeping 200 100 - - - - 100
3 Storage and
Transportation 675 100 300 - - - 275
4 Integrated Waste
Treatment and
Disposal Facility 1500 300 700 500 - - -
5 Upgradation of
Biomedical Facility 50 50 - - - - -
6 Technical Studies 50 50 - - - - -
7 Transaction Advisory 100 50 50
8 Capacity Building
(Community
Awareness) 100 20 20 20 20 10 10
9 Training 100 20 20 20 20 10 10
Total 2975 790 1190 540 40 20 395
10
at current price
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11.15 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS
Project Title: Expansion of Door-to-Door Collection of Waste
Project Description: Door-to-door collection is proposed to be implemented for entire
residential and commercial areas in Shimla Municipal Corporation and SADA. . This would include
Delineation of zones for D2D services
Designing and procurement of equipments for waste collection and conveyance suitable
for hilly areas
Procurement of containerized carts and collection bins
Project Benefits:
Improvement in collection efficiency
The vehicular access problems due to terrain constraint can be eliminated
Facilitates segregation of the waste at source
Cleanliness can be achieved easily
Project Cost : Rs. 200 Lakhs (Capital cost towards tools & equipments)
Revenue Sources : User charges for Door-to-Door collection. Shimla Municipal Corporation
shall notify the tariff notification for door-to-door collection based on bidding
Implementation Structure: The door-to-door collection system shall be implemented on service
contract (with/without equipment of contractors) through Private Sector Participation (may
include private operators, Resident Welfare Association, NGOs, CBOs)
Financing Mechanism : Project cost to be financed by the SMC using funds to raised through
grant under JNNURM; O&M Cost to be recovered by private sector operator from user charges
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007 ; Implementation : March 2008
Institutional Responsibility: SMC and Private Operator
SMC to undertake procurement process for selection of private sector operator. Private
sector operator to organize rag pickers, if necessary for primary collection
SMC to re-deploy the municipal staff
SMC to carry out awareness programme and campaigns by involving NGO’s, Citizens’
Committees, and HP Environment and Pollution Control Board
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
SMC to undertake the project development process for procurement of private sector
operator
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Notification on prohibition of littering
Need to create awareness through awareness generation and commitment campaign and
ensure effective implementation and long term sustenance of the initiative
Need to promote segregation of waste at source
Additional Studies:
Assessment of ward-wise solid waste generation and collection is required for preparation of
Project Information Memorandum and Bid document. SMC has appointed National Productivity
Council for undertaking detailed feasibility study of Solid Waste Management
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Project Title: Improvement in Secondary Collection (Street Sweeping)
Project Description: Improvement in secondary collection is proposed to be implemented in
entire area of Shimla Municipal Corporation and SADA. This would include
Delineation of zones/areas for sweeping operation
Designing and procurement of equipments for waste collection and conveyance suitable
for hilly areas
Procurement of containerized carts and collection bins
Replacement of concrete collection bins with containers to avoid manual handling and
augmentation of dumper containers
Project Benefits:
Improve the operational efficiency
Cleanliness can be achieved easily
Project Cost : Rs. 200 Lakhs( Capital cost towards tools & equipments)
Revenue Sources : Nil;
Implementation Structure : Initially sweeping operation shall continue to be responsibility of
SMC with involvement of private contractor limited to existing level (due to overstaffing) and may
gradually induct the service contractor for street sweeping operations
Financing Mechanism : Project cost to be financed by the SMC using funds to raised through
grant under JNNURM; O&M Cost to be recovered from property tax
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation : March 2008
Institutional Responsibility: SMC
SMC to re-deploy redundant municipal staff to the newly merged areas of SMC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Improvement in Transportation of Waste to Treatment and/or Disposal
Facility
Project Description: The proposed project for improvement in transportation of waste in Shimla
Planning Area includes optimization, improvement and modernization of fleet. This would include
Improving vehicle productivity by extending waste collection to two shifts which is
presently operated in single shift
Replacement and strengthening of vehicle fleet through procurement of dumper placers
Identification and selection of workshop for long term service contract for maintenance of
fleet
Project Benefits:
Improve the collection efficiency
Efficient transportation of waste
Project Cost : Rs. 675 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Nil ; Tipping Fees is potential revenue source for private operator
Implementation Structure : The transportation system shall be implemented by SMC on Service
Contract/O&M Contract (transportation of waste including maintenance of fleet) through Private
Operator on pilot scale to start with and then replicate the same to other areas
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by the SMC using funds to raised through
grant under JNNURM (It is expected that capital funding by SMC through grant would reduce the
tipping fees substantially) ; O&M Cost to be recovered through property tax
Time Frame: Project Development 2007; Implementation : March 2008
Institutional Responsibility:
Shimla Municipal Corporation and Private Operator
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
SMC to undertake the project development process for procurement of private sector
operator /workshop service provider
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
Optimization of transportation routes and time schedule. SMC has appointed National
Productivity Council for undertaking detailed feasibility study of Solid Waste Management
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Project Title: Integrated Waste Processing, Treatment and Disposal Facility
Project Description: The integrated processing, treatment and disposal facility is proposed to be
implemented for Shimla Planning Area. This would include
Remediation/shifting of existing processing and treatment facility
Remediation of existing disposal site
Design, construction, operation and maintenance of new integrated processing, treatment
and disposal facility
Project Benefits:
Improvement in quality of environment
Compliance of Municipal Solid Waste (Handling and Regulation) Rules and High Court
Orders
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 1000 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Sale of compost (if composting is selected as preferred technology); Tipping
fees is also a potential revenue source for private operator
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by SMC through Private Sector
Participation. The PSP options available could be BOT and its variance (with capital subsidy
provided by SMC) and Separate EPC and O&M contract
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by the SMC using funds to raised through
grant under JNNURM and/or Private Operator (the capital subsidy by SMC shall reduce the
tipping fee considerably); O&M Cost to be recovered by private operator from tipping fees payable
by SMC to private operator from property tax revenue
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation : March 2008
Institutional Responsibility: SMC and Private Operator
SMC/SLNA to undertake DPR for the project
SMC to undertake procurement process for selection of private sector operator
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
SMC to undertake the project development process for procurement of private sector
operator
The project would require prior environmental clearance from State Environment Impact
Assessment Authority
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
Feasibility study for selection of technology for treatment and viability of integrated waste
management facility.
Preparation of Detailed Project report (DPR) Study for integrated waste management
facility (SMC has appointed National Productivity Council for undertaking detailed
feasibility study of Solid Waste Management)
Formation of policy measures for promotion of compost (in case composting is the
preferred technology)
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Project Title: Upgradation of Biomedical Treatment Facility
Project Description: SMC has established common biomedical treatment facility in Shimla with
NORAD funding. The existing facility comprise of only incinerator and needs upgradation to
provide whole range of treatment envisaged under Biomedical (Handling and Management) Rules.
The proposed upgradation would include
Installation of autoclave, shredders, etc
Provision of pollution control equipments for incinerator
Construction of burial pits
Project Benefits:
Compliance with Biomedical (Handling and Management) Rules
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 50 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Disposal charges from hospitals and clinics
Implementation Structure : Project shall be implemented by SMC with O&M through private
sector participation
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by the SMC using funds to raised through
grant and loan and/or Private Sector Operator; O&M Cost to be recovered by private operator
from disposal charges payable by users to private operator
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation : March 2008
Institutional Responsibility: SMC and Private Operator
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Need to create awareness through awareness generation and commitment campaign to
ensure effective implementation and long term sustenance of the initiative
Need to promote segregation of waste at source
Additional Studies:
Feasibility study for installation of rendering plant
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12 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION
12.1 INTRODUCTION
Efficient transportation system is a pre-requisite for development of every aspect
of society be it agriculture, education, health care, industries. Shimla, being a major
tourist destination, movement of people within the city and the turnover of people
in Shimla has always been higher comparatively. Road transportation caters to both
long and short distance trips made in Shimla City.
A number of transportation issues have been discussed in this chapter with traffic
and its impacts being the major issues in Shimla including pedestrians, bus transit
riders, parking and travel safety concerns. One important aspect as identified in the
Vision document is the people choice of adopting public transport for travel.
Therefore, High Operating Capacity System (HOCS) should be the priority where
public transport should be upgraded to State of Art facility. If such a project is
successfully completed, Shimla will not only have more to offer as a tourist
destination but will also improve the quality of life in Shimla.
12.2 POLICY, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
12.2.1 Regional Connectivity
12.2.1.1 Northern Railways -Indian Railways
A narrow gauge line from Kalka to Shimla is the only rail route
connectivity to Shimla and is a tourist attraction as a heritage railway line.
The rail route was commissioned in year 1906, and is still considered as
one of the most spectacular narrow gauge rail lines in the world because
of its hilly route having 919 curves, 103 tunnels and number of bridges.
Presently, Northern Railways of the Indian Railways is responsible for
rail transportation to and from Shimla Railway Station.
Northern Railway Station Shimla Northern Railway Building in Shimla
Plate 12.1 Northern Railway in Shimla
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12.2.1.2 Airport Authority of India
Airport Authority of India is controlling air connectivity to Shimla, is
located at Jubbarhatti, which is 12 km. from Shimla city situated at an
altitude of 5000 feet above mean sea level. Jubbarhatti Airport is spread
in an area of about 140 acres and presently has one runway of 3800 feet
length catering to flying of small aircrafts. Jagson Airlines operates three
flights in a week from Shimla Airport to New Delhi and Kullu. The air
traffic is poor owing to insufficient length of runway for Airbus to
takeoff and landing and poor flight frequency. Besides the connectivity
from Jubbarhatti to Shimla City is not well developed.
12.2.1.3 National Highways HPPWD
Himachal Pradesh Public Works Department (HPPWD) is maintaining
the regional corridor roads of National Highways viz. NH 22 and NH
88. National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) is envisaging four-
laning of NH22, which is one of the regional road connectivity to Shimla
City. NHAI has recently sanctioned four-laning from Zirakpur to Solan
and upgradation of existing two-lane road between Solan and Shimla.
National Highway NH 88 provides connectivity to the Kangra Valley
and contributes significantly to the tourist circuit of Himachal Pradesh.
12.2.2 Local Connectivity
12.2.2.1 Himachal Pradesh Public Works Department:
HPPWD is responsible for operation and maintenance of the Cart road,
which is a portion of National Highway NH 22 within Shimla City. It is
also responsible for the maintenance of State Highways within Shimla
Planning Area.
12.2.2.2 Shimla Municipal Corporation:
Municipal Road network under Shimla Municipal Corporation can be
classified as Motorable roads, Jeepable roads and Paths. SMC is
responsible for repair, maintenance and upgradation of municipal road
network and pedestrian pathways and staircases connecting the Mall road
and Cart road and other minor roads.
12.2.2.3 Department of Transport
Himachal Pradesh Road Transport Corporation & Regional Transport
Authority under Department of Transport are responsible for operation
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and maintenance of public transport within Shimla city, providing
regional connectivity, maintenance of bus terminal facilities, registration
of vehicles, and planning of public transport systems for Shimla.
12.2.2.4 Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation:
Due to hilly terrain and restricted road network for vehicular movement,
the Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation presently
operates a lift connecting Cart road to the Mall Road. The lift provides
the vertical accessibility to the Ridge.
12.2.2.5 Traffic Police Division:
Due to high restrictions for private vehicles to use the road connecting
Cart Road and Mall Road, Traffic Police Division of Shimla City Police
Department is engaged to regulate the traffic on the Cart road and other
locations, where deemed necessary.
12.2.2.6 Himachal Pradesh Bus Stands Management and Development
Authority:
GoHP has enacted the Himachal Pradesh Bus Stands Management and
Development Authority Act, 1999 providing framework for development
and management of bus stands in the state. Authority has developed the
new Inter State Bus Terminal under construction on the Shimla Bypass
on PPP format.
12.3 REGIONAL ROAD NETWORK
12.3.1 National Highway 22
The portion of National Highway 22 connecting Ambala to Shipkila passing
through Shimla City is known as Cart Road. The total length of the National
Highway within Shimla Planning Area is about 40 km. of which the length of
Cart Road is about 18 km. The configuration of the road is a two-lane road with
crash barriers on the valley side of the road. The width of the National Highway
ranges between 10 m. to 12 m. within the Shimla Planning Area except in the
city portion; where the width is 5 to 8 m.
12.3.2 Shimla Bypass Road:
Bypass for Shimla City on National Highway 22 from Barrier point on Ambala
route to the Tunnel near Dhalli is known as Tutikandi Dhalli Shimla Bypass
road. The length of the bypass is about 25 km. within Shimla Planning Area
and its width varies from 9 m to 12 m.
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The road is primarily for bypass able traffic of Shimla City and for heavy motor
vehicles for moving during the daytime (restricted hours for heavy vehicle
movement on the Cart Road). The major activity centers presently on this
bypass are Bio Compost Plant for Solid Waste Management for Shimla City and
Inter State Bus Terminal at Tutikandi. Proposals are in place for construction
of timber market, wholesale vegetable market, wholesale grain market, transport
hubs and major activity centers in future along this bypass.
12.3.3 National Highway NH 88:
The road that connects Shimla City with Mataur via places of Ghagas,
Hamirpur, Jawla Ji, Kangra and destines at Mataur on National Highway 20
(Pathankot Mandi Highway) is known as National Highway NH 88. The length
of NH88 is about 13 Km. from Shimla to Special Area Ghanahatti and the
configuration of the road is intermediate lane to a two-lane road within Shimla
Planning Area.
12.3.4 State Highway No. 12:
The road deviating at Taradevi from National Highway NH 88 to Shimla
Airport in Jubbarhatti and further leads to Kunihar is State Highways (SH 12).
SH 12 is one of the main roads emanating from Shimla City, which not only
gives connectivity to the airport terminal but also has significance in terms of
regional connectivity. The configuration of SH 12 is intermediate to two-lane
road.
12.3.5 State Highway No. 13:
The road from Dhalli towards Tatapani from National Highway NH 22 is
known as State Highway SH 13. Tatapani is part of the tourism circuit of
Shimla. SH 13 has a configuration of an intermediate lane.
12.3.6 Kasumpti-Junga Road:
This is the major district road from Shimla and the configuration varies between
single to intermediate lane.
12.3.7 Kufri-Chail road:
The village road from Shimla to Chail is known as the Kufri-Chail road. The
road gains importance due to direct link from Shimla to Kufri. The width of the
road varies from 5 to 7 m.
12.4 MOBILITY IN SHIMLA
Mobility in Shimla is unique in every way than any other city. The hilly terrain of
Shimla warrants the horizontal as well as vertical movement. With “Fine Roads”
(roads restricted for general entry), horizontal and vertical movements are
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compelled within limited space for vehicles to move. While horizontal movement
is primarily by arterial roads that are open to traffic movement, vertical mobility
options are limited to a lift between Mall road and Cart Road and
pathways/staircases connecting various streets.
12.4.1 Horizontal Mobility in Shimla
12.4.1.1 Main Arterial Road Network
Cart Road / Circular Road / Motor Round Road: This is main arterial
road of Shimla and the only road open for city traffic movement without
much restriction. The Cart road also known as Circular road or Motor
Round Road is part of NH 22 starting from Railway Tunnel No. 103 to
Dhalli Tunnel and traversing round the Shimla Hill. The name Cart Road
itself implies that the road was initially designed for carts. Over the time,
development has led the same road to be used by Motor vehicles naming
it has a Motor Round Road.
Even today, the width of Cart road at few locations is restricted to only 5
m. owing to non-availability of land space. An average road width is
about 8 m. The length of Cart road is 18 km. delimiting Core Area.
Cart Road is the only option for traffic movement and is functioning
beyond its capacity as per IRC specifications.
PWD is maintaining the Cart Road along with side drains and cross
drainage works, traffic signages and other road furniture. Though crash
barriers are placed on the edge of the road on the valley side of Cart
road, these are broken and missing at many places. Footpaths for
pedestrians is built at critical locations on Cart Road on the valley side in
form of cantilever structures that hold the footpaths with hand railings.
Traffic for heavy motor and goods vehicles on Cart Road through Shimla
is restricted from 7.00 AM to 9.00 PM. Traffic signals have been
installed at Victory tunnel junction, Sanjauli Chowk and Dhalli Tunnel to
regulate the traffic. The details of the Cart road is tabulated in Table 12.1
Restricted Road for Vehicles Improper Placement of Sign Boards
Plate 12.2 Restricted Roads in Shimla
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Table 12.1 Road Inventory Details of the Configuration of Cart Road
Shoulder Footpath
Right No. of Carriageway Width
S.N Location Width
of Way Lanes Width (m)
(m) Left Right
Near Crystal Palace
1 11.67 2 8.67 - 2.37 -
Hotel
2 Bridge near the Lift 11.40 2 9.00 - 1.20 1.20
In front of Parking
3 11.40 2 11.00 - - -
access near ISBT
Below the Bus stand
4 9.20 2 6.00 - 1.30 1.30
Building
Near Car Parking 0.5 left
5 10.70 2 8.20 1.50 -
after Bus Stand side
6 Victory Tunnel 12.50 3 10.20 - 1.50 -
Below Victory
7 Tunnel (Lakkar 7.50 2 5.10 - 0.70 0.70
Bazaar Arm)
0.6 left
8 After Tunnel 6.40 2 5.20 - -
side
The Cart Road provides intersection to minor roads on both uphill and
downhill sides at about 66 locations. On-street parking of vehicle is
witnessed on all sections of Cart Road. Even at locations where no-
parking signages are in force, there is no control over parking
restrictions.
Municipal Roads
All the roads connecting to Cart Road are municipal roads that are
maintained by Shimla Municipal Corporation. The total length of roads
for vehicle movement under the Municipal Corporation as per data
available with the SMC is 74.585 km. The break up of ward-wise roads
for vehicle movement under each type is tabulated in Table 12.2.
Table 12.2 Ward Wise Details of Municipal Roads
Ward wise
Motorable road Jeepable roads
Ward Name of (Length in
(Length in Km.) Length in Km.)
No. Ward Km.)
Blacktop Kucha Blacktop Kucha Total
1 Bharari - - 6.464 - 6.464
2 Rudlu Bhatta - - 0.555 - 0.555
3 Kaithu 0.150 - 0.750 - 0.900
4 Annadale 10.000 0.700 4.770 0.690 16.160
5 Summer hill 9.630 - 2.100 - 11.730
6 Tutu - - - - 0.000
7 Boileauganj 1.600 - 0.350 - 1.950
8 Tutikandi - - 3.740 0.360 4.100
9 Nabha 0.390 - 1.410 - 1.800
10 Phagli - - 0.200 0.200 0.400
11 Krishnanagar - - 0.800 - 0.800
12 Rambazar 2.255 - 1.915 - 4.170
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13 Mall road 2.155 - - - 2.155
14 Jakhoo 1.565 - 0.520 - 2.085
15 Banmore 1.088 - 3.289 - 4.377
16 Engineghar - - 0.434 - 0.434
17 Sanjauli 1.600 - 0.515 - 2.115
18 Dhalli - - 1.665 - 1.665
19 Chamyana - - 0.600 0.500 1.100
20 Sangti 0.600 - - - 0.600
21 Kasumpti 0.300 - 0.150 0.100 0.550
22 Chhota Shimla - - 1.250 0.200 1.450
23 Patyog - - 0.500 0.300 0.800
24 Khalini 0.675 - 1.955 0.200 2.830
25 Kamlog 1.900 - 3.495 - 5.395
Total 33.908 0.700 37.427 2.550 74.585
The length of road having a width of 40 feet (12 m.) is about 10 km and
the rest 64 km of the roads are having a width of 20 feet (6 m.).
Mall Road:
The Mall is the central market place in the core area and houses a
number of heritage sites and buildings. The major tourist attraction of
Shimla is the Mall. The road from Boileauganj to Scandal point and from
Scandal point to Secretariat and from Scandal Point to Sanjauli Chowk
forms the Mall road. The road along the Mall is basically for pedestrian
movement and entry is restricted for vehicles except for vehicles with
permits and emergency vehicles.
The existing road network of Shimla is presented in Figure 12.1.
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• Main Arterial Road
• Mall Road
• KSC Road
• Motor Round Road
• Bypass Road
Figure 12.1 Existing Road Network of Shimla Planning Area
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12.4.2 Vertical Mobility in Shimla
The vertical movement between the Mall road and Cart Road is limited to
pedestrian movement using municipal pathways/staircases and lift.
12.4.2.1 Municipal Pathways/Staircases
Municipal paths are in form of blacktop streets along with stairs for
pedestrian movement. These paths/stairs are used for manual
transportation of goods/payloads by porters. The total length of walk
paths under SMC is 73.128 km. Ward-wise details of paths under MC are
tabulated in Table 12.3.
Table 12.3 Ward Wise Details of Municipal Paths
Ward Name of Ward Paths (Length in Km.)
No. Blacktop/Stairs Kucha Ward wise
1 Bharari 1.642 - 1.642
2 Rudlu Bhatta 5.758 - 5.758
3 Kaithu 4.405 1.930 6.335
4 Annandale 2.425 1.600 4.025
5 Summer hill 1.925 - 1.925
6 Tutu 2.405 - 2.405
7 Boileauganj 3.320 1.200 4.520
8 Tutikandi 3.830 1.565 5.395
9 Nabha 1.750 1.000 2.750
10 Phagli 4.010 - 4.010
11 Krishnanagar 2.370 0.280 2.650
12 Rambazar 1.572 - 1.572
13 Mall road 1.204 - 1.204
14 Jakhoo 3.736 - 3.736
15 Banmore 2.003 - 2.003
16 Engineghar 2.014 - 2.014
17 Sanjauli 2.450 - 2.450
18 Dhalli 2.856 0.370 3.226
19 Chamyana 1.169 1.194 2.363
20 Sangti 2.800 - 2.800
21 Kasumpti 2.400 - 2.400
22 Chhota Shimla 2.675 - 2.675
23 Patyog 0.340 0.810 1.150
24 Khalini 0.200 0.310 0.510
25 Kamlog 1.740 1.870 3.610
Total 60.999 12.129 73.128
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12.4.2.2 Lift
The Mall road and the Ridge are restricted to pedestrian movement. The
accessibility to these areas is only through pathways/staircases and the lift.
The lift is the only mechanized vertical transport system available to
vertical mobility between Cart Road and Mall Road. The lift constructed by
PWD is operational since June 1977. Presently the lift is being operated
and maintained by HPTDC. The lift is the preferred mode of transport
between Cart R and Mall Road for tourists, senior citizens, and disabled
persons. The patronage for lift is estimated from the tickets sold and is
presented in Table 12.4.
Table 12.4 Number of Daily Tickets (Up and Down
S.N. Month 2003 2004 2005 2006
1 January 76900 82700 76571 80500
2 February 58700 77100 60700 62271
3 March 83500 89400 81700 92114
4 April 106900 103000 90000 111014
5 May 152000 164600 155700 170014
6 June 201600 196300 195400 214000
7 July 116900 129400 99200
8 August 92100 86700 88200
9 September 94000 76157 82100
10 October 115400 87100 102000
11 November 87900 76600 81900
12 December 118800 90214 97000
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Patronage to Lift
230000
210000 2003
2004
190000
2005
170000 2006
150000
130000
110000
90000
70000
50000
y
ay
r
ly
y
r
ch
st
ril
ne
r
r
be
be
be
be
ar
ar
Ju
Ap
gu
M
ar
Ju
ru
nu
em
em
em
o
Au
M
ct
b
Ja
O
ov
Fe
ec
pt
Se
N
D
Month
Figure 12.2 Number of Tickets sold for usage of Lift
Paths/Stairs Lift Connecting Cart Road – Mall Road
Plate 11.3 Vertical Mobility in Shimla
12.5 REGISTERED VEHICLES: COMPOSITION AND GROWTH
The total number of registered vehicles during 2005 in Shimla Planning Area is
tabulated in Table 12.5.
Table 12.5 Details of Registered Vehicles in Shimla Planning Area
Number
Private Government
Vehicle Category of
Vehicles Vehicles
Vehicles
Heavy Motor Vehicle 3139 528 3667
Light Commercial Vehicle 7979 2118 10097
Two Wheelers, Fire Brigade, Ambulances,
8100 157 8257
Trolleys
Total 19218 2803 22021
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Vehicle Registration
Heavy Motor
Vehicle
17%
Two Wheelers,
Fire Brigade,
Ambulances,
Trolleys,
37%
Light Commercial
Vehicle
46%
Figure 12.3 Composition of Registered Vehicles in Shimla Planning Area
The number of registered vehicles in Shimla Planning Area in the last decade has
increased at decadal growth rate of 34%. The number of registered vehicles in
Shimla in last 5 years is presented in Table 12.6. The increase in number of
registrations of cars has grown at the rate of 14.82% annually. Details of past growth
and projections of registered vehicles are presented in Table 12.7.
Table 12.6 Registered Vehicles in the Shimla
Vehicle Category 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Two wheelers 3841 4026 4225 4445 4696
Cars/Jeeps 3048 3722 4234 4953 5298
Buses 374 417 437 440 450
Trucks 1076 1103 1133 1168 1170
Taxis 8123 8228 8231 8231 8235
Total 16462 17496 18260 19237 19849
Table 12.7 Growth of Registered Vehicles and Future Projections
Annual Growth Rate
Vehicle Category 2005 2011 2021
(year 2001-2005)
Two wheelers 4696 5.15% 6348 10492
Cars/Jeeps 5298 14.82% 12141 48362
Buses 450 4.73% 594 943
Trucks 1170 2.12% 1327 1636
Taxis 8235 0.34% 8406 8699
Total 19849 28816 70131
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Based on past trend of vehicle registration growth, the number of vehicle registration
is expected to be about 28816 in year 2011 and 70131 in the year 2021 as projected
in Table 12.7.
12.6 TRAFFIC FLOWS AND TRAFFIC DEMAND
The volume count done during lean tourist period (October, 2004) at various
locations in Shimla City is presented in Figure 12.4.
Peak Hour Traffic Volume - 2004
3500
3000
3018
2500
PCUs / Hour
2000
1422 1380 1619
1500 1175
1000
Capacity of Two Lane Road - 750 PCUs/Hour
500
0
Near Bypass Lakkar Bazaar ISBT Taland Secretariat
Location on Cart Road
Figure 12.4 Peak Hour Traffic Volume in Shimla City –2004
The capacity of two lane road as per Table 12.4 of IRC:86-1983 is 750 PCUs/ hour
for urban roads between intersections on road with free frontage access, parked
vehicle and heavy cross traffic. From the above figure, it is evident that Cart Road is
servicing more than its capacity. Traffic volume at ISBT and Secretariat is
comparatively higher compared to other locations being main activity centers in
Shimla city.
Considering the lean tourist period, the traffic volume depicts the existing status of
city traffic demand. The traffic volume on these links is assumed to increase at 3%
per annum and the traffic demand for year 2021 is tabulated in Table 12.8.
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Table 12.8 Traffic Demand Forecasting for Shimla City – PCUs/ Hour
Locations 2004 2021*
Chakkar 1349 2230
Near Bypass 1175 1943
Lakkar Bazaar 1422 2350
ISBT 3018 4988
Talland 1380 2282
Secretariat 1619 2675
* Projected traffic
The capacity of two lane road (one-way traffic movement) as per Table 12.8 of
IRC:86-1983 is 2400 PCUs/ hour. Four laning and six laning of these links besides
shifting of ISBT and other wholesale activity centers shall meet the traffic demand
till year 2021.
12.7 SETTLEMENT WISE WORK FORCE PARTICIPATION AND TRIP DISTANCE
The workforce in Shimla Planning Area is mostly concentrated in MC Shimla
(including Tutu, Dhalli and New Shimla). Figure 12.5 depicts that about 79% of the
workforce is from MC Shimla. The Special Areas of Ghanahatti, Kufri and Shoghi
contribute the remaining workforce at 6%, 8% and 7% respectively. About 56% of
the Government Departments are concentrated in Mall and Kasumpti Area.
S ho ghi
7%
K ufri
8%
G ha na ha tti
6%
M .C . S himla
(Inc luding Ne w
S himla , D ha lli, Tutu
79%
Figure 12.5 Settlement wise Workforce participation
Trip distance of work trips of residents of Shimla is tabulated in Table 12.9.
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Table 12.9 Trip Distance of Work Trips
Work Trip Distance Percentage
Less than a 1 km. 5
Between 1 and 2 km. 20
More than 2 km. 75
12.8 MODE AND MODAL SPLIT
Mode choice and modal split of work trips is presented in Figure 12.6. 62% of the
work trips are served by buses which from 27% percent of the traffic volume. Only
30% of the work trips are by private four wheelers, which form 65% of the traffic
volume. All the forms of work trips are not accessible by vehicles because of the
restricted roads. Therefore all forms of work trips includes walk as the important
mode of work trip.
Mode and Modal Split
8%
8% 27%
30%
62%
65%
Bus / HMV
Four Wheeler / LMV
Two Wheelers & Cycles
Figure 12.6 Mode Choice and Modal Split of Work Trips
From Figure 12.5, Table 12.9 and Figure 12.6, it is evident that the 75% of the work
trip is more than 2 km. and 62% of the work trip is by bus, which means that walk
and public transport (bus) are major mode of transportation for residents of Shimla.
12.9 PUBLIC TRANSPORT
12.9.1 Local Bus Services
Public transport in Shimla Planning Area is only through bus transport provided
by HRTC and mini buses operated on selected routes by the licensed private
operators. 62% of the work trip is by public transport catered by 27 % of the bus
trips within Shimla City. The local bus routes as identified by the Department of
Transport are tabulated in Table 12.10.
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Table 12.10 Public Transport Trips per day on Selected Routes in Shimla City
Private
Routes HPRTC Total
Operators
ISBT (Cart Road) - Shoghi 28 35 63
ISBT (Cart Road) – Lalpani 17 5 22
ISBT (Cart Road) – Jutogh 26 98 124
ISBT (Cart Road) – Summerhill 26 195 221
ISBT (Cart Road) – Kasumpti /
76 241 317
Panthaghati
ISBT (Cart Road) – Sanjauli / Dhalli 66 102 168
ISBT (Cart Road) – Sanjauli / Mudrika 7 66 73
Lakkar Bazaar – Paobo /Bharari 18 4 22
Total 264 746 1010
HRTC Service
Currently 83 buses are operated by HRTC on eight local routes making a
total of 264 trips in a day.
Private Operators Service
Mini Buses are shuttled by licensed private operators on the same eight local
routes with a total bus fleet of 95 making a total of 76 trips in a day. The
frequency of trips varies to match the peak hour and non-peak hour traffic.
Private Bus Service HRTC Service
Plate 12.4 Public Transport Services for Shimla City
12.9.2 Regional Bus Services
Regional bus transports are operated from 2 ISBTs on Cart Road. Department of
Transport has identified routes for regional bus services as tabulated in Table
12.11.
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Table 12.11 Regional Bus Service on Selected Routes to and from Shimla City
Routes HRTC Private Operators Total
ISBT (Cart Road) – Manali 114 64 178
ISBT (Cart Road) – Chandigarh 312 312
ISBT (Cart Road) – Dhammi 122 50 172
ISBT (Cart Road) – Paontasahib 22 120 142
ISBT (Cart Road) – Karsog 76 48 124
ISBT (Lakkar Bazaar) – Pubbal 96 34 130
ISBT (Lakkar Bazaar) – Rampur 122 56 178
The total number of regional bus services is 1236 of which 928 services are
catered at ISBT on Cart Road and remaining 308 services are catered from Lakkar
Bazaar.
Regional Bus Services from Cart Road Regional Bus Rain Shelter
Plate 12.5 Regional Bus Services / Facilities to Shimla
12.9.3 Bus Terminal Facilities
12.9.3.1 Regional Bus Services
ISBT on Cart Road: The total area of ISBT on Cart Road is 1165 sq.m. only
and there area 7 departure bays and 9 arrival bays at ISBT on Cart Road.
Official Vehicles of Department of Transport have been using space adjacent
to the ISBT for parking.
12.9.3.2 ISBT at Lakkar Bazar:
The total area of ISBT at Lakkar Bazar is 250 sq.m. only and there is no
provision of bus bays. The space within the bus terminal is used for
unauthorized car parking.
12.9.3.3 Local Bus Services
The provisions of local bus stops with rain shelters are made along the local
bus service routes at various locations. Most of these stops are located close
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to the road intersections adding to the traffic congestion. Numbers of bus
stops are in state of neglect and needs upgradation and relocation to
appropriate location to prevent the congestion.
ISBT Cart Road ISBT Lakkar Bazaar
Local Bus Stops Rain Shelter
Plate 12.6 Bus Terminal Facilities at Shimla
12.9.4 Bus Depot Facilities
Department of Transport has established three bus depots for Shimla City at
Taradevi and 2 depots at Dhalli presently handling 82 buses and 182 buses at
Dhalli.
12.9.5 Advantage Public Transport
With the present population of Shimla Planning Area at 174789, and the modal
share of public transport of about 62% is higher compared to the desired share of
public transport as per Table 12.12.
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Table 12.12 Share of Public Transport
S.N. Population of City (Millions) Desired share - public transport (%)
1 0.5 – 1.0 25
2 1.0 – 2.0 30-40
3 2.0 – 3.0 50-60
4 3.0 – 5.0 60-70
5 5.0 plus 70-85
Source: Traffic & Transportation Policies & Strategies in Urban Areas in India – Ministry of Urban Development,
Govt. of India - 1998
Having known that public transport is the most preferred mode of travel, there is
need of providing an efficient public transport for Shimla based on Mass Rapid
Transit System (MRTS) and/or High Operating Capacity System (HOCS). The
options of a with exclusive two lane road with high end information technology
system in the buses besides facility for modern bus stops at requisite locations.
12.10 PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
12.10.1 Pedestrian Footpaths
The hilly terrain and restricted vehicular movements have made walking a must in
Shimla. About 50% of the work trips and 40% of the school trips in Shimla are
on foot. Some of the prominent locations where pedestrians are prone to
accidents due to the moving vehicular traffic on Cart Road are Victory Tunnel,
ISBT and Lift. Pedestrian flows at these locations as tabulated in Table 12.13
indicate that the footpaths need widening to cater to future pedestrian volume
and increase pedestrian safety.
Table 12.13 Pedestrian Flows at various locations on Cart Road
S Peak
o Location Availability of Pedestrian
Link Name
footpath Volume per
u
hour
r
1.0 meter on valley
c ISBT 785
side
e Near Victory 1.0 meter on valley
: Tutu 601
Tunnel side
0.5 meter on either
B Lakkar Bazaar 234
side
u Victory Tunnel to Lift 1.0 meter 594
s ISBT building
Lift to Victory Tunnel 1.0 meter 655
TLift (on bridge)
Bemloi to ISBT 1.0 meter 199
e ISBT to Bemloi 1.0 meter 184
rminal Projects, ISBT at Tutikandi, Shimla - EPC, Primary Survey 2002
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Footpath – Cantilevering on Valley Side Railings for Pedestrian Safety
Absence of Footpath Absence of Footpath
Plate 12.7 Pedestrian Facilities in Shimla
12.10.2 Pedestrian Crossings
As explained earlier, public transport and pedestrian trips make about 80 % of the
trips in Shimla, which are mainly concentrated on Cart Road and roads leading to
Cart Road. Therefore pedestrian mobility in the city needs municipal paths/stairs
for vertical movement, municipal footpaths and crossing for horizontal
movement. Most of the pedestrian crossings on the Cart Road are zebra
crossings while crossings near Lift, ISBT, Victory Tunnel and Secretariat are also
provided with a Police Beats.
In order to increase safety, the existing pedestrian crossings near schools, bus
stops and other vulnerable locations should be upgraded with an overhead foot
over bridges.
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At level zebra crossing Foot Over Bridge - St Edwards School
Plate 12.8 Pedestrian Crossing Facilities
12.11 PARKING
12.11.1 Off Street Parking Lots
To meet present city parking demand, SMC has designated 11 off-street parking
lots having a total capacity of 782 cars. The details of each of the parking lots are
tabulated in Table 12.14. Most of the off-street parking lots are working at full
capacity.
Table 12.14 Details of Parking Lots in M.C. Shimla
S.N. Location Capacity (no.)
1 Lift Area 60
2 High Court 75
3 Cart Road 165
4 Main Bus Stand 80
5 Near Holiday Home Hotel 20
6 Sanjauli 75
7 Lakkar Bazaar 32
8 Tara Hall School 15
9 Kasumpti 90
10 Chinni Bungalow 165
11 Shoghi 5
Total 782
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Parking near Lift Parking in dilapidated condition
Plate 12.9 Off-Street Parking in Shimla
12.11.2 On-street Parking
On-street parking is witnessed all along the roads in Shimla and mainly on the
Cart Road. These are authorized on-street parking areas, being delineated by
yellow color paint on the road. The Shimla Bypass is used for parking of buses.
Parking of vehicles on roads is one of the major reasons for under performance
of the already over loaded Cart Road and other road network.
Yellow Line demarcation for On-street Sub-standard Sign Boards
parking on Cart Road
Plate 12.10 Authorized On-street Parking in Shimla
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Plate 12.11 Unauthorized On-street Parking in Shimla
12.11.3 Existing Parking Fee
The parking fees prevalent in Shimla for various categories are tabulated in Table
12.15.
Table 12.15 Existing Fee for Vehicular Parking at Designated Parking Lots
Parking Duration Cars/Vans/Jeeps Big Cars (Tata Sumo and Esteem)
0-6 hours 20 30
6-12 hours 25 35
12-24 hours 35 45
Monthly 600 800
Parking Duration Two Wheelers
0-1 hours 3/-
1-2 hours 4/-
2-6 hours 5/-
6-12 hours 7/-
12 –24 hours 12/-
Monthly 300/-
Location Night Parking for Buses
Main Bus Stand Shimla 60/-
Lakkar Bazaar 40/-
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12.11.4 Existing Parking Demand
The existing demand as assessed by SMC and PWD to eliminate on-street parking
is 1500 no. It is proposed to construct nine multilevel parking lots at various
locations as detailed out in Table 12.16.
Table 12.16 Proposed Locations of the Multilevel Parking Lots
S.N. Location Parking Capacity
1 Near Senior Secondary School, Sanjauli 250
2 Below IGMC 151
3 M.C Car parking near High Court Shimla 350
4 Chhota Shimla 250
5 Below Cancer Hospital 300
6 MC. Office Chhota Shimla 75
7 RMKV College 625
8 Taradevi 1000
9 Chartered Bus Parking 40
Total 3041
12.11.5 Future Parking Demand
The growth of vehicles, increase in trip frequency by local people and increasing
number of tourist shall have critical effect on future parking demand.
12.11.6 Tourists Parking Demand
Tourism parking demand for horizon period has been determined based on the
tourism inflow projections and it has been presented in Table 12.17. The
estimated peak parking demand for year 2021 due to tourism is about 10,000 car
spaces.
Table 12.17 Future Parking Demand to be handled by SMC
Year Number of tourists per day during peak season Parking Demand*
2006 13,821 1,399
2011 19,385 3,635
2016 27,188 7,137
2021 38,133 10,010
* Estimated Demand based on Tourism Projections
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12.12 JUNCTIONS
All the junctions, which are open to vehicular movement, are sub standard and are
operating more than its capacity. These are major places of traffic congestion
because of less capacity besides roadside developments forming bottlenecks.
Plate 12.12 Junctions/Intersections in Shimla
12.13 BOTTLENECKS
The most congested places on Cart Road form a serious of bottlenecks. The
following are identified as major bottle-necks on Cart Road:
a. Parking Complex of Hotel Cecil
b. ISBT on Cart Road
c. Gurudwara to Veterinary Hospital
d. St. Edward School
e. Chhota Shimla Bazaar
f. Kasumpti Bazaar
g. Sanjauli Bazaar
h. Kaithu
i. Lakkar Bazaar
j. Boileauganj
k. Tutu
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The reasons for bottlenecks are manifold, but the prominent reason is presence of
activity centers along Cart Road or having access to Cart Road:
a. Unloading area for goods along the Cart Road
b. Warehousing facilities located in the central area
c. Coal depots within the central area
d. Vegetable and fruit market, grain market are located in Lower Bazaar
having access from only from Cart Road
e. Lakkar Bazaar or Timber Market
f. Narrow width of road at above locations
Plate 12.13 Wholesale markets within Shimla Core Area
12.14 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT SAFETY
With roads functioning more than its capacity, on-street parking causing congestion,
walk being the predominant mode of travel, and increasing number of tourists,
transport safety should be the top priority in the year to come in Traffic and
Transportation System for Shimla. The identified black spots in Shimla town are
tabulated in Table 12.18.
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Table 12.18 Number of Road Accidents within Shimla Planning Area in Year 2003
Number of
S.N. Name of the Road
Accidents
1 Circular road / Cart Road 34
2 Bypass road 22
3 Sanjauli to Lakkar Bazaar 16
4 Shimla Kalka Highway 22
5 Shimla Mandi Road 10
6 Dhalli to Mashobra 16
7 Dhalli to Kufri 14
8 Lakkar bazaar to Bharari 3
9 Chhota Shimla to Kasumpti 3
10 Mall road, US Club, Kaithu, Chaura Maidan and Boileauganj 9
Total 149
12.15 ISSUES AND ASPECTS
Multiple organizations involved in development and management of Traffic &
Transportation facilities in Shimla City. The registration of vehicles is done at
Regional Transport Authority, road planning and construction is handled by PWD,
the regulation of traffic and its safety is with the traffic police division, operation of
public transport and other private operating buses is monitored by Department of
Transport, the terminal facilities is being developed by HPSMDA, lift facility is
handled by HPTDC, other facilities like municipal road, paths/stairs and parking are
maintained by SMC and all these are being interacted at every moment involving
public. With the increasing urbanization and tourism as economic driver, many more
modes of transportation which can cater to vertical and horizontal mobility like
ropeways, escalators, BRTS (Bus Rapid Transport System), MRTS (Mass Rapid
Transport System) will become an option for mobility in Shimla. Absence of
multimodal transfer facilities and non-existence of Unified Traffic and Transport
Authority for Shimla is reason for the traffic and transport problems.
All roads lead to Shimla but only one road in Shimla is open for traffic:
Knowing the fact that Shimla attracts the maximum number of visitors/tourists in
Himachal Pradesh, it has tremendous tourism potential. With the regional roads
getting upgraded (e.g. four laning of Zirakpur – Parwanoo – Solan – Shimla by
NHAI) to cater to projected traffic and increase the level of service, it is imperative
that the only road in Shimla open for traffic – the Cart road needs strengthening and
widening.
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Traffic Growth vis-à-vis growth of transportation network: The increase in
number of registered vehicles in Shimla has resulted in high traffic volumes on road
in Shimla. Besides increase in number of visitors/tourists using personal modes of
vehicles has exploded the traffic into multiple proportions. Past traffic has grown at
a decadal growth rate of 35%, where as the road network in the Shimla for
circulation has not been substantiated on par with the traffic growth. The reason for
non augmentation of roads is due to non availability of right of way, dislocation of
people, cutting of trees which are under forest area, high cost of construction and
budgetary constraints.
Traffic Congestion is the most significant issue that Shimla is facing today. The
coverage of road network for vehicular movement is low and existing roads are
operating more than its desired capacity. The width of roads have become narrow
for ever increasing traffic volume and increase in activity centers along the roads
impairing traffic movement and creating bottlenecks.
There are about 782 parking spaces in Shimla, which are inadequate for present city
parking as well as the demand due to visiting tourists. Due to shortage of off-street
parking, on-street parking is the only option that has converted wider roads into
narrow lanes causing distress to traffic movement. The existing parking demand is
estimated to be approximately 1399 car spaces and SMC has a proposal for provision
of 1376 parking car spaces at six locations within the MC area. There is no parking
policy for Shimla, which is deemed necessary for implementation of parking projects
in a binding frame work and fasten the process to meet parking demands of Shimla.
Public Transport in Shimla is limited to Cart Road and roads below Cart Road,
which is highly inadequate due to the following reasons:
a. Inadequate space for movement of buses
b. Absence of dedicated busbays causes buses to stop on Cart Road for
boarding and alighting of passengers thereby causing traffic congestion on
Cart Road
c. Unregulated stopping of buses at any location other than designated bus
stops
d. Increase in travel time of buses during peak hours
e. Absence of timings and information on routes of buses at terminals and
bus stops
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Pedestrians Facilities: Shimla, being a 50% pedestrians’ city is without proper
pedestrian facilities on roads where interaction with moving traffic is involved. The
pedestrian footpaths are not continuous and are not as per standards. Absence of
proper footpaths and absence of crossing facilities for uninterrupted movement of
pedestrians is a safety concern in Shimla.
12.16 VISION AND GOALS
“Providing Mobility with Choice, Comfort, Convenience,
Frequency, Safety & Minimum Environmental Effects”
Description 2006 2011 2016 2021
% Paved road to total road length 50 65 80 95
% Area under roads 3.75 4 4.3 4.87
% Of road have street lights 60 90 95 100
Vehicular Parking (no of bays) 1376 3500 7000 10000
12.17 STRATEGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF INTERVENTIONS
12.17.1 Unified Traffic and Transportation Authority for Shimla Planning Area
A Unified Traffic and Transportation Authority (UTTA) for Shimla Planning
Area is recommended where all the functions related to traffic and transportation
with respect to Shimla Planning Area can be domiciled. The authority should be
nodal agency to plan, develop and implement the policies and interventions
related to traffic and transportation.
12.17.2 Comprehensive Traffic and Transportation Study for SPA
At the outset, a Comprehensive Traffic and Transportation Study (CTTS) for
Shimla Planning Area should be carried out in order to assess present traffic flow
pattern and transport demand in Shimla Planning Area. CTTS for Shimla
Planning Area shall forecast future traffic and transportation demand, which will
suggest various stages of upgradation of the transportation system for Shimla in
sustainable manner. Recently, MoUD has appointed consultant to prepare the
traffic and transportation plan of various cities across the country and Shimla is
one of the city identified.
To reduce congestion and enhance present level of service of traffic in Shimla, a
two-way complementing solution is proposed. The first is to prevent any further
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congestion of Shimla Planning Area, to divert unnecessary traffic coming to
Shimla Planning Area, complimented by upgradation of the existing facilities and
introduction of other multimodal alternatives to increase mobility in Shimla
Planning Area.
12.17.3 Decongesting Shimla City
For decongestion of Shimla city, following are the interventions suggested for
implementation in a phased manner.
12.17.3.1 Shifting of Commercial Activity Centres
There is an immediate need to shift activity centers like wholesale vegetable
market, grain market, timber market, transport hub etc. Land has been
identified along Shimla Bypass and is proposed for shifting all major
commercial activity centers to cater for loading and unloading facilities.
The details of interventions are tabulated in Table 12.19.
Table 12.19 Estimated Cost of Shifting of Activity Centres
S.N. Details Area in Hectares Total Cost (Rs. Lakhs)
1 Grain Market 5.00 605
2 Timber Market 5.00 605
3 Warehouses 3.50 423.50
4 Vegetable Market 1.00 121.00
5 Godown 0.80 44.00
6 Transport Terminal NA 1000.00
Total 2798.5
12.17.3.2 Bypasses to the City
Shimla Bypass has been effective in diverting unnecessary traffic including
trucks there by reducing a commendable amount of congestion in Shimla
City. A list of bypasses has been identified as tabulated in Table 12.20, to
divert other through traffic. As a priority, GoHP has undertaken Sanjauli -
Dhalli Bypass and Panthghati to Taradevi Bypass for construction.
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Table 12.20 Estimated Cost of Proposed Bypasses for Shimla City
Estimated
Distance
S.N. Details Cost
(Km.)
(Rs. Lakhs)
1 Sanjauli Bypass u/c 4.075 800.00
2 Kufri Bypass 0.70 24.50
Panthagathi to Taradevi Bypass
3 22.00 600.00
u/c
4 Tutu to Kufta Dhar Naldhera 12.00 420.00
Ghanahatti to Jubbarhatti to
5 15.00 525.00
Shoghi Bypass
Total 2369.50
12.17.3.3 New Satellite Towns
New satellite townships are recommended on periphery along regional
transport corridors of Shimla, which can act as development nodes and
decongest the town. The cost for new towns is included in the Housing
component of CDP Shimla.
12.17.4 Improving Mobility within City
Further to capitalize on decongestion plan and to increase mobility within the city,
the following are interventions identified for implementation in a phased manner.
12.17.4.1 Construction of Footpaths and Standardization of Cart Road for
pedestrian safety
Cart Road should be standardized to have footpath as per design standards
with carriageway width of a two-lane road. PWD has conducted detailed
engineering studies for standardization of Cart Road which includes land
acquisition, construction of foot path, retaining walls, widening of cross
drainage works, etc. The details of standardization of Cart Road is
presented in Table 12.21 .The estimated cost is Rs. 5225 Lakhs and is
estimated to be completed by January 2008.
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Table 12.21 Estimated Cost of Standardization of Cart Road
Total Estimated
S.N. Details Length Cost (Rs.
(km) Lakhs)
Construction of pedestrian paths for road
1 safety along Circular road (Victory 4.84 2600
Tunnel to Sanjauli Junction)
Construction of pedestrian paths for road
2 safety along Circular road (portion NH 5.14 2625
Bypass junction to Bemloe)
Total 9.98 5225
12.17.4.2 Standardization of Municipal Roads:
Municipal roads have been identified for standardization wherever possible
and these roads have been prioritized based on its connectivity to the main
roads and availability of land for standardization. Standardization of
municipal roads is to have a uniform width for each identified road besides
other road furniture. Preliminary cost estimates for standardization of
municipal roads is tabulated in Table 12.22. The project is proposed to be
complete by end of year 2008.
Table 12.22 Estimated Cost of Standardization of Municipal Roads
S.N. Details Estimated Cost (Rs. Lakhs)
1 MC Area 735.00
2 Dhalli Area 498.50
3 New Shimla 145.50
4 Tutu Area 136.98
Total 1515.98
12.17.4.3 New Links:
New Links in Shimla Planning Area are proposed connecting various
locations to improve the connectivity, which can also ease the traffic
congestions. Land acquisition is expected for provision of new links and
the project is expected to complete by the December 2008.
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Table 12.23 Estimated Project Cost for New Links
Length Estimated Cost
S.N. Details
(Km.) (Rs. in Lakhs)
Bemloe to Tutikandi on Shimla
1 4.50 1600.00
bypass
St Bedes College to Housing Board
2 4.50 1200.00
Colony
3 Panthaghatti NH Junction to Beolia NA 1000.00
4 Bemloe to Kanlog NA 1200.00
5 103 Tunnel to Fagli via Nabha NA 600.00
Total 5600.00
12.17.4.4 Tunnels:
Presently, the travel between southern and northern side of the spur
requires traversing through the entire circular road thus increasing travel
time as well causing to traffic congestion. The tunnels at appropriate
locations connecting the circular road would mitigate the aforementioned
issues. Three new tunnels, which shall improve the circulation and relieve
traffic burden are proposed for two directional vehicular movements. It is
also proposed to upgrade the existing pedestrian tunnel near Auckland
School for vehicle movement. Preliminary cost for tunnels is tabulated in
Table 12.24.
Table 12.24 Estimated Cost for Proposed Tunnels in Shimla City
Distance Estimated Cost
S.N. Location
(Km.) (Rs. Lakhs)
1 Lift to Lakkar Bazaar 0.35 1120.00
2 Lift to Himfed Petrol Pump 0.95 3040.00
3 Himfed to IGMC 1.20 3840.00
Widening and Lowering the
4 - 925.00
existing pedestrian tunnel
Total 8925.00
12.17.4.5 High Operating Capacity System:
An exclusive two lane right of way is proposed parallel to the existing Cart
Road as widening of Cart Road from two lane to four lane road involves
cutting and filling with retaining and breast walls that may be vulnerable for
stability of slopes. This new ROW should be integral part of the High
Operating Capacity System (HOCS) exclusively for public transport
system, which may include City Bus Services initially and could be
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upgraded to BRTS, LRTS etc in future. Links between Cart Road and the
HOCS alignment shall in terms of lifts and escalators wherever the grades
do not permit paths/stairs for pedestrian movement. It is suggested that
prefeasibility study be undertaken to ascertain its techno-economic
feasibility.
Table 12.25 Estimated Cost of Parallel Road for High Operating Capacity
Systems
Estimated Cost (Rs. in
S.N. Details
Lakhs)
1 Parallel road for HOCS 12500
Global Positioning System with
2 100
Modem for vehicle
3 Display Panel at Bus Stops 40
4 Ticketing machines for vehicles 20
Total 12660
5 GSM connectivity for vehicles 4 lakhs per month
6 O& M Cost 4 lakhs per month
To be borne by private
7 Cost for vehicles
operators
12.17.4.6 Junction Improvements:
All critical junctions in Shimla Planning Areas should be improved with
respect geometrics corrections, provision of pedestrian foot over bridges,
subways, installation of traffic signal facilities, provision of medians and
islands.
12.17.4.7 Parking Facilities:
Nine parking lots as listed in Table 12.26 are proposed by SMC and PWD.
The preliminary project report for all the parking lots has been prepared
and it is proposed to implement the projects with private sector
participation.
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Table 12.26 Estimated Cost of Proposed Parking Projects
Estimated Cost (Rs.
S.N. Location
Lakhs)
Near Senior Secondary School,
1 400
Sanjauli
2 Below IGMC 400
M.C Car parking near High Court
3 1000
Shimla
4 Chhota Shimla 400
5 Below Cancer Hospital 700
6 MC. Office Chhota Shimla 1300
7 RMKV College 2000
8 Taradevi 3000
9 Chartered Bus Parking 3000
Total 12200
12.17.4.8 Lifts and Escalators:
Presently only single lift is providing mechanized vertical mobility. To
improve the vertical mobility in Shimla, additional lifts & escalators at
various locations are required. Detailed feasibility study is suggested for
identifying the alignment and selection of technology. The four escalators
have been proposed for vertical movement with details and preliminary
cost estimate provided in Table 12.27.
Table 12.27 Estimated Cost of Lifts and Escalators
Height in Estimated Cost
S.N. Location
M. (Rs. Lakhs)
Lakkar bazaar bus terminal to the
1 66 410
Ridge
Snowdon on Cart Road to
2 50 310
Lakkar Bazaar
3 Bemloe on Cart Road to Mall 80 496
Bypass to Office Complex at
4 40 248
Kasumpti
Total 1464
12.17.4.9 Ropeways:
Ropeway is another mechanized option, which can provide the vertical
movement along the hill as well as direct connectivity between the hills.
The ropeways have been proposed connecting various locations as detailed
out in Table 12.28.
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Table 12.28 Estimated Cost of Proposed Ropeways for Shimla City
Distance Estimated Cost
S.N. Details
(Km.) (Lakhs)
Taradevi Temple to Ridge via Kamna
1 10.24 122.88
Devi Temple
Ridge to Bypass road via Jakhoo and
2 2.82 33.84
Dhingu Temple
Dhingu Temple to Galu via Mahasu
3 9.15 109.8
Peak
Rani Jhansi Park to Tutikandi via Bus
4 2.57 30.84
Stand and Railway Station
Tutikandi to Taradevi via Sankat
5 2.47 29.64
Mochan
Total 27.25 327.00
12.17.4.10 Pedestrian Facilities
Rehabilitation and strengthening of existing pedestrian pathways/staircases
and constructions of new pedestrian paths/staircases are recommended for
the better pedestrian accessibility in vertical mode. The preliminary cost
estimated for this intervention is presented in Table 12.29.
Table 12.29 Estimated Cost of provision and improvement of pedestrian
Facilities
S.N. Details Estimated Cost (Rs. in Lakhs)
1 MC Area 235.00
2 Dhalli Area 191.50
3 New Shimla 17.00
4 Tutu Area 40.43
Total 483.93
12.17.4.11 Local Bus Shelters
The local bus terminals at Summer Hill, Lakkar Bazar, Sanjauli and ISBT
are in poor conditions and need upgradation to accommodate the
necessary facilities. The upgradation these terminals is recommended.
12.17.4.12 Street Lighting:
Street lighting for pedestrian pathways/staircases as well motorable road is
proposed for safety purposes.
12.17.4.13 Mass Rapid Transit System
A study has been initiated by Department of Transport to carryout a
feasibility study for Mass Rapid Transit System for Shimla and has been
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entrusted to Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. The feasibility report is
expected to bring out various modes of Mass Rapid Transit System that
will suitable for Shimla.
12.18 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
(In Rs. Lakhs)
S. Total
Project 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
N Cost
Decongestion of Shimla City
Shifting of Commercial
1 1799 899 899 - - - -
Activity Centres
2 Bypasses to the City 2370 1185 1185 - - - -
Sub Total 4168 2084 2084 - - - -
Improving Mobility in Shimla City
Total
S.
Project Cost 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
N
(Lakhs)
Standardization of the
1
Cart Road 5225 1700 1700 1825 - - -
Standardization of
2
Municipal Roads 1516 500 500 516 - - -
3 New Links 5600 1750 1750 2100 - - -
4 Parallel Roads 12660 - - 3000 3000 3000 3660
5 Junction Improvements 1500 750 750 - - - -
6 Parking Facilities 12200 4000 4000 4200 - - -
7 Lifts and Escalators 1464 500 500 464 - - -
8 Tunnels 8925 4000 4000 925 - - -
Mass Rapid Transport
9
System 45000 - - 11250 11250 11250 11250
Bus shelters and local
10
terminals 500 500 - - - - -
11 Ropeways 327 100 100 127 - - -
12 Pedestrian Facilities 484 160 160 164 - - -
13 Street Lighting 500 250 250 - - - -
Sub Total 96901 15210 13710 24571 14250 14250 14910
Grand Total 101069 17294 15794 24571 14250 14250 14910
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12.19 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SHEETS
Project Title: Shifting of Commercial Activity Centres
Project Description: The project components shall include shifting of wholesale grain
market, wholesale vegetable market, warehouses, timber market, godowns, transport hub
from the core to periphery of the City. The project shall include land acquisition,
construction of infrastructure at the proposed site and rehabilitation and relocation of
affected people to new location
Project Benefits:
Decongestion of Core Area
Reduces traffic congestion on Cart Road
Reuse of existing locations for appropriate conforming activity
Project Cost: Rs. 1798.50 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: Rentals from the Commercial Activity Centres
Implementation Structure: SMC shall be responsible for the execution of the required
works through EPC contract
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by SMC using funds to be raised
through grant under JNNURM and state contribution; O&M cost to be borne by SMC
to be recovered from lease rentals
Time Frame: Project Development: 2007; Implementation: December 2008
Institutional Responsibility: SMC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Project development including preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
Preparation of Decongestion Plan for the Core Area
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Project Title: Bypasses to the City
Project Description: The project envisages construction of bypasses to connect the
regional roads of Shimla city. These roads shall be developed in stage wise upgradation in
terms of configuration of road. Two bypass roads have been taken up for construction
on a priority basis
Project Benefits:
Decongestion of Shimla Core Area
Reduces traffic congestion on Cart Road
Increases traffic circulation
Better Connectivity
Project Cost: Rs. 2369.50 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: Appropriate road pricing techniques shall be implemented to recover
the operation and maintenance cost
Implementation Structure: HPPWD shall be responsible for the execution of the
required works through EPC contract
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by the PWB using funds to be
raised through grant under JNNURM and state contribution; O&M contract may involve
private sector participant
Time Frame: Project Development: 2007; Implementation: December 2008
Institutional Responsibility: HPPWD
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Project development including preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Road pricing strategies should be formulated within existing legal framework
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Mass Rapid Transit System
Project Description: Based on recommendation of IIT, the proposal for Mass Rapid
Transit System shall be taken up. The project shall include land acquisition for right of
way and construction of transport infrastructure
Project Benefits:
Increases transport options for daily commuters
Increases mobility within Shimla
Reduces travel time
Provides option for upgradation in future
Project Cost: Rs. 45000 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: User charges through tickets and advertisement rights
Implementation Structure: Department of Transportation may implement the project
through SPV with separate EPC and O&M contracts
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by the Department of Transport
with funds to be raised through grant under JNNURM and state contribution
Time Frame: Prefeasibility: 2006; Project Development : 2007; Implementation :2008-
2012
Institutional Responsibility: Department of Transport
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Detailed Project Reports for the MRTS
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Incorporation of Unified Traffic and Transport Authority for Shimla Planning Area
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Standardization of Cart Road
Project Description: The existing cart road shall be standardized to have uniform road
width of two-lane road with adequate pedestrian facilities. The project shall include
removal of encroachment, land acquisition, construction of roadside drains along with
sufficient cross drainages, utility ducts, and pedestrian foot paths
Project Benefits:
Improves capacity and traffic circulation of Cart Road
Reduces traffic congestion on Cart road
Improves pedestrian safety
Improves drainage system
Project Cost: Rs. 4000 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: Right of Way charges from utility service providers
Implementation Structure: HPPWD shall be responsible for the execution of the
required works through EPC contract
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by the HPPWD using funds to be
raised through grant under JNNURM and state contribution; O&M contract may be
given to private sector participant
Time Frame: Project Development: 2006; Implementation: 2007- 2009
Institutional Responsibility: HPPWD
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Road pricing strategies shall be formulated within the existing legal frame work
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Standardization of Municipal roads
Project Description: Standardization of municipal road network is proposed involving
geometrics corrections, road side drains with cross drainages, utility duct and pedestrian
foot paths
Project Benefits:
Improves municipal road network
Improves capacity of roads
Reduces traffic congestion on municipal road network
Improves pedestrian safety
Improves drainage system
Project Cost: Rs. 1515.98 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: Road charges from utility service provider, Property tax
Implementation Structure: SMC shall be responsible for execution of project through
EPC contract
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by SMC using funds to be raised
through grant under JNNURM and state contribution; O&M contract shall be given
involving private sector participant
Time Frame: Project Development : 2006; Implementation :2007- 2009
Institutional Responsibility: SMC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Construction of New Links
Project Description: The project components include development of new roads to
connecting Cart Road with other roads
Project Benefits:
Increases connectivity between Cart road and Shimla bypass
Traffic can disperse out to the bypass at regular intervals
Project Cost: Rs. 5600 Lakhs
Revenue Sources:
Implementation Structure: HPPWD shall be responsible for execution of the project
through EPC contract
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by HPPWD using funds to be
raised through grant under JNNURM and state contribution; O&M contract shall be
given involving private sector participant
Time Frame: Project Development: 2007; Implementation :2007- 2009
Institutional Responsibility: HPPWD
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: High Operating Capacity System -Parallel Circular ROW/Road
Project Description: Parallel circular road exclusively for public transportation is
envisaged. The project shall include land acquisition, construction of two lane road and
public transport system with GPS installation, local bus stops, dynamic information
systems at bus stops, mobile ticketing and other state of art facilities including central
monitoring complex
Project Benefits:
Improve efficiency of the system
Increase in capacity
Project Cost: Rs. 12660 lakhs
Revenue Sources: Revenue from license fee from transit operators and advertisement
rights
Implementation Structure: The project may be implemented through SPV through
EPC contract. High Operating Capacity System may be implemented through
independent private sector operators of buses
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by SPV using funds to be raised
through grant under JNNURM and state contribution; O&M contract shall be given
involving private sector participant
Time Frame: Project Development: 2007-2008; Implementation :2009- 2012
Institutional Responsibility: Dept. of Transport and SPV
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Junction Improvements
Project Description: The proposed project shall include improvement in junctions as
per standards
Project Benefits:
Improves the capacity of the junctions
Improves pedestrian safety
Reduces pollution
Project Cost: Rs. 1500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources:
Implementation Structure: HPPWD shall be responsible for the execution of the
required works through EPC contract
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by HPPWD using funds to be
raised through grant under JNNURM and state contribution; O&M contract shall be
given involving private sector participant
Time Frame: Project Development: 2006; Implementation :2007-2008
Institutional Responsibility: HPPWD
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Parking Facilities
Project Description: The project envisages construction of nine parking lots within
Shimla Planning Area with private sector participation
Project Benefits:
Improves the capacity of the parking
Improves mobility within the city
Parking gets systemized
Project Cost: Rs. 12200 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: User fee
Implementation Structure: SMC should implement the project on PPP format. The
project may be structured on viability gap funding
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by SMC using funds to be raised
through grant under JNNURM and state contribution; O&M contract shall be given
involving private sector participant
Time Frame: Project Development: 2006; Implementation :2007- 2009
Institutional Responsibility: SMC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Parking policy for Shimla Planning Area should be formulated within the existing
framework
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Lifts and Escalators
Project Description: Lifts and escalators shall be provided at four locations with state
of art facilities including back up facility for uninterrupted operations
Project Benefits:
Improves the vertical mobility of the city
Improves pedestrian safety
Improves connectivity between the Cart Road and Mall Road
Project Cost: Rs. 1464 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: User fee
Implementation Structure: The project shall be implemented through separate EPC
and O&M contract
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by HPTDC using funds to be raised
through grant under JNNURM and state contribution; O&M contract shall be given
involving private sector participant
Time Frame: Project Development: 2006; Implementation :2007- 2009
Institutional Responsibility: HPTDC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Tunnels
Project Description: Three tunnels shall be constructed as per design standards
connecting the opposite ends of the Cart road by shorter network
Project Benefits:
Improves the capacity of Cart Road
Reduces travel time
Reduces pollution
Project Cost: Rs. 8925 Lakhs
Revenue Sources:
Implementation Structure: The project shall be implemented through EPC contract.
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by HPPWD using funds to be
raised through grant under JNNURM and state contribution
Time Frame: Project Development: 2006; Implementation :2007- 2009
Institutional Responsibility: HPPWD
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Ropeways
Project Description: Five ropeways connecting various peak and valley points of
Shimla to provide choice of travel. These ropeways shall have cables and mass cable
cars to cater for passengers. Pedestrian facilities shall be provided adequately for entry
and exit
Project Benefits:
Improves the vertical mobility
Reduces travel time
Reduces pollution extensively
Increase the transportation capacity of Shimla
Project Cost: Rs. 327 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: User fee
Implementation Structure: Department of Transport shall be responsible for the
execution of the required works through separate EPC and O&M contract
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by Department of Transport using
funds to be raised through grant under JNNURM and state contribution; O&M
contract shall involve private sector participation
Time Frame: Project Development: 2006; Implementation :2007- 2009
Institutional Responsibility: Department of Transport
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Pedestrian Facilities
Project Description: All pedestrian facilities for Shimla Planning Area shall be
improved as per design standards. The project components shall include paths, railing,
retaining structures, etc
Project Benefits:
Improves pedestrian safety
Project Cost: Rs. 484 Lakhs
Revenue Sources:
Implementation Structure: SMC shall be responsible for the execution of the required
works through EPC contract
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by SMC using funds to be raised
through grant under JNNURM and state contribution
Time Frame: Project Development: 2006; Implementation :2007- 2009
Institutional Responsibility: SMC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Street Lighting
Project Description: Street lighting for Shimla Planning Area shall be improved as per
design standards shall include lamp posts, underground cabling and protection works
Project Benefits:
Improves vision during the night
Improves pedestrian safety
Improvement in aesthetics and ambience
Project Cost: Rs. 500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources:
Implementation Structure: SMC shall be responsible for the execution of the required
works through EPC contract
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by SMC using funds to be raised
through grant under JNNURM and state contribution
Time Frame: Project Development: 2006; Implementation :2007- 2008
Institutional Responsibility: SMC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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13 TOURISM
13.1 TOURISM IN INDIA- AN OVERVIEW
Tourism in India has registered significant growth in recent years. The upward trend
is expected to remain firm in coming years. Tourism is the third largest net earner of
foreign exchange for the country recording earnings of USD 5731 million in 2005, a
growth of 20% over 2004. It is also one of the sectors, which employs largest
number of manpower. The first ever Tourism Satellite Account for India compiled
by NCAER for year 2002-03 showed that tourism employed 38.8 million persons
directly or indirectly, which was 8.3% of total employment in the country, and it
contributed 5.8% of the GDP. The World Travel and Tourism Council has identified
India as one of the foremost growth center in the world in the coming decade.
13.2 TOURISM IN HIMACHAL PRADESH - AN OVERVIEW
Himachal Pradesh is endowed with resources like mountains, forests, undulating
landscape, lakes, rivers, sacred shrines, and historic monuments for thriving tourism.
Himachal Pradesh has one of the greatest adventure tourism assets in the world in
form Himalayas and its mighty rivers. Tourism has always been a growth industry in
Himachal Pradesh.
Tourism contributes nearly 8% of the State Domestic Product. In 2005-06, the
investment in Tourism sector in Himachal Pradesh was about 102.32 Cr of which
about 16.54 Cr was in Shimla.
Though tourism is the economic driver for the State, it is predominantly the
domestic tourism and its performance in comparison with other states in attracting
foreign tourist is abysmal.
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14000000
12000000
No of Tourist per Year
10000000 Himachal
8000000 Uttranchal
Kerala
6000000
Rajasthan
4000000 Goa
2000000
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Years
Figure 13.1 Domestic Tourist Patronage in various states
700000
600000
500000 Himachal
400000 Uttranchal
Kerala
300000 Rajasthan
200000 Goa
100000
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Figure 13.2 Foreign Tourist Patronage in various states
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Tourist Circuits in Himachal Pradesh
Sutlej Voyage:
Rohru-Rampur-Narkanda, Naldhera-Tattapani-Shimla-Kiarighat-Delhi
Beas Circuit:
Shimla-Mandi-Rewalsari-Kullu-Manali-Rohtang-Naggar-Manikaran-Delhi
Dhauladhar Circuit:
Chintpurni-Jwalamukhi-Kangra-Dalhousie-Khajjar-Chamba-
Dharamshala-Chamunda-Palampur-Jogindernaagr-Delhi
Tribal Circuit:
Delhi-Shimla-Narkanda-Sarahan-Sangla-Kalpa-Pooh-Nako-Dhankar-
Kaza-Losar-Kinzum-Koksar-Sisu-Keylong-Udaipur-Trilokpur-Rohtang-
Manali-Delhi
Buddhist Circuit:
Dharamshala-Tabo Monastry
13.3 SITUATION ANALYSIS
The places of tourist attraction in Shimla include The Ridge, The Mall, Jakhoo
Temple, Sankat Mochan Temple and Kufri Ski Slopes. About 1822059 tourists
traveled to Shimla in Year 2005, of which about 3.4% constituted foreign tourists.
The strategic location and natural setting of Shimla attracts huge domestic tourists.
The average stay of tourist in Shimla is about 1.35 days.
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The trend of tourist inflow to Shimla is presented in Figure 13.3
Table 13.1 Growth of Tourist Inflow to Shimla
No. of Tourists % Growth
Year
Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign
1998 898993 13515
1999 943503 19188 5% 42%
2000 1038975 24225 10% 26%
2001 1136063 31022 9% 28%
2002 1227710 37860 8% 22%
2003 1309635 44400 7% 17%
2004 1597246 55382 22% 25%
1800000 60000
1600000 Domestic
50000 Foreign
1400000
No.of Tourits
1200000 40000
1000000
30000
800000
600000 20000
400000
10000
200000
0 0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
Figure 13.3 Tourist Inflow to Shimla
April- July is the peak tourist season with about 55 % of total tourists visiting the
city. From December onwards tourist inflow again accelerates due to coming up of
snow and related winter adventure sports.
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Monthwise Tourist Inflow
400000 9000
No.of Tourists (Domestic)
350000 8000
No of Tourist (Foreign)
300000 7000
6000
250000
5000 Domestic
200000
4000 Foreign
150000
3000
100000 2000
50000 1000
0 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Month
Figure 13.4 Seasonal variation of tourist in Shimla
Table 13.2 Snapshot of Tourism Industry in Shimla
Description Quantity
No. of Hotels and Guest Houses 350*
No. of Restaurants 68
No. of Rooms 3699
Bed Capacity 7599
Travel Agencies 208
Tourist Guides 270
*The 90% of the hotels and guest houses are located in Central Shimla
14000
No of Tourist Per Day in Peak
12000
10000
Season
8000 No of Tourist per day
6000 Bed Capacity
4000
2000
0
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
Year
Figure 13.5 Bed Capacity Vs. Tourist Inflow
Tourist inflow is projected at the rate of 7% per annum and is presented in Figure
13.6.
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Tourist Inflow Projection
6000000
5000000
No of Tourists
4000000
3000000
2000000
1000000
0
2001 2004 2011 2016 2021
Year
Figure 13.6 Projection of Tourists
13.4 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Realizing the potential that tourism offers, the State government has striven to
develop this sector as a major source of employment generation without disturbing
ecology and environment. The State government seeks to transform the State into a
"destination for all seasons and all reasons" and increase the share of Tourism in the
State Domestic Product to 15% by 2020.
GoHP has formulated “Tourism Policy of Himachal Pradesh 2000” which has been
revised in 2005 and “Policy on Development of Ecotourism, 2001” to promote
economically, culturally and ecologically sustainable tourism in Himachal Pradesh
and generation of employment opportunities. The policy also endorses private sector
participation in tourism to generate employment and providing new infrastructure.
The objectives of the policy are:
To establish HP as a leading tourist destination in the country and abroad;
To make tourism a prime engine for economic development;
To encourage sustainable private sector participation in creation of tourism
infrastructure;
To promote environmentally sustainable tourism;
To attract quality tourist and increase their stay;
To safeguard natural and manmade heritage; and
To position HP as a one stop destination for adventure tourism
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GoHP has enacted Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development and Registration Act
2002 to promote tourism and regulate tourism activity. Under the Act, every tourism
unit including hotels, resorts, motels, restaurants and bars, amusement parks, golf
courses etc, travel agent or a guide, adventure sports operator are required to have
registration with Tourism Department.
GoHP has established Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Board under
Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development and Registration Act, 2002. The Board is
chaired by Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh. The functions of the Board include:
(i) Formulate policies and guidelines for development and promotion of
tourism industries in the state;
(ii) Development of new tourist destinations and undertake improvement in the
tourist areas;
(iii) Promote private sector participation; and
(iv) Mobilize investments for development of infrastructure and destination
GoHP has constituted Tourism Development Council for Shimla and Manali under
Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development and Registration Act, 2002. The functions
of Tourism Development Council are
(i) Provide and maintain tourism related services;
(ii) Assist the local body in maintaining infrastructural facilities at tourist spots;
(iii) Build and maintain tourism and recreational facilities which may enhance the
tourism value of the area;
(iv) Prepare tourism master plan for area; and
(v) Maintain and operate a tourism destination fund
The Council can also raise the resources for development of infrastructure and
facilities by way of fees, cess etc. However, Tourism Destination Fund has yet not
been established for Shimla
Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (HPTDC) established in
1972 has been mandated to develop tourism infrastructure and extending tourists
facilities in state of Himachal Pradesh. It provides tourism services including
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accommodation with on line booking facility, catering, transport etc. In Shimla,
HPTDC is responsible for
(i) Development of Tourism Infrastructure;
(ii) Operation and Maintenance of Lift; and
(iii) Information Kiosk
13.5 ISSUES AND CONCERNS
Shimla has become more of a weekend tourism destination with bag packers
adding stress to existing strained infrastructure without contributing much to the
economy. The origin survey conducted by Tourist Economic Survey Report
2002 indicates that more than 38% tourist origin from neighboring Punjab,
Haryana and Delhi
Due to lack of adequate air connectivity, international quality tourism
infrastructure and tourism activities, Shimla lacks high-end tourism with higher
revenue potential. The foreign tourist constitutes only 3.4% of the total tourist
flow to Shimla
Presently, the duration of stay is very low limited to 1.35 days. This is due to lack
of enough tourism activities/options for various category of tourists
Except for road connectivity, Shimla lacks adequate rail and air connectivity for
promotion of tourism
About 80% of the tourists coming to Shimla are using own vehicles demanding
parking facilities. The survey conducted with tourists indicated that the locating
parking facility for vehicles is the major hassle in the town. The inadequate
parking and water supply are major constraints faced by the tourism service
providers in attracting tourists
Lack of basic infrastructure especially water supply is the constraint in giving
permissions for development of new tourism infrastructure like theme parks,
resorts etc
Limited vertical accessibility to Mall area due to restricted roads for old and
disabled tourist
Lack of trained tourist guides who can promote history, culture and heritage of
Shimla
Tourism economy in Himachal Pradesh shows fluctuation and depends on the
law and order situation in neighboring Jammu and Kashmir. Also, competing
facilities in neighboring Uttranchal is threat to tourism in HP
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13.6 VISION AND GOALS
Shimla” 2021
“Engine of Sustainable Economic Growth for2016
Indicator 2006 2011
Description 2006 2011 2016 2021
High End Tourism (in Lakhs) 0.6 2.64 8.0 24.6
Duration of Stay (in Days) 1.35 2.5 3.5 3.5
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13.7 STRATEGY
In order to sustain tourism economy in Shimla, it is essential to focus at attracting
high-end tourist and increasing duration of tourist stay. The strategy should aim at:
(1) Improving basic infrastructure of the city like provision of adequate water
supply, parking facility, transportation, decongestion etc will improve service
delivery and shall provide impetus to the tourism
(2) Improvement in transportation linkages especially with respect to air
connectivity is essential to attract high-end tourism. Promoting tourism by
improving accessibility and connectivity with various parts of Himachal
Pradesh is essential. Promotion of railway between Kalka and Shimla
commissioned in 1904, as Heritage Railway Line packaged with tourism
products will provide an alternate transportation. The limited air connectivity
of Himachal Pradesh may be addressed by taking up Air Taxi and Heli Taxi
Services in the State with Private Sector Participation. This would also
necessitate upgradation of airport at Jubbarhatti and rehabilitation and
upgradation of helipads
(3) In order to attract high-end tourism and also ensure protection of ecology, it
is essential to promote ecotourism projects. There is a need for replicating
the success of Potter’s Hill ecotourism project conceptualized and developed
by GoHP. For promoting ecotourism, it is proposed to upgrade existing
forest rest houses and inspection huts of Forest Department and develop
eco-trails. These projects are amenable for private sector participation and
may be taken on PPP format
(4) In order to enhance duration of stay and sustain tourism economy, there is
need to add activity based tourism like international golf course, theme parks,
nature park/botanical garden etc which can cater to different category of
tourists like foreign tourists, senior citizens, children etc. Some of the
interventions identified are as follows
Upgradation of Naldhera Golf Course to international standards
Development of Nature Park at Craignano
Development of Theme Parks
Upgradation of existing parks
Upgradation of Ice Skating Rink
Redevelopment of horticulture museum at Navbahar
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Heritage Train ride for sight seeing From Shimla to Kanoh with
activity based tourism at Kanoh
Beautification of Mall area
(5) The concept of Shimla by evening/night may be introduced to explore the
cultural and heritage aspects of the city at night with light and sound shows
at suitable location
(6) The elevators, lifts, ropeways, ecofriendly golf carts at appropriate locations
may be some of the options for improving vertical accessibility. A
Comprehensive Transportation Study is suggested to assess locations, routes,
mode, and feasibility. The proposed strategy and options for vertical
transport is presented in “Traffic and Transportation” Chapter
(7) Upgradation of Tourists Information Centre providing online as well as
24X7 offline services
(8) Developing and promoting mountain based soft and hard adventure
activities creating “Himalayas” as the brand and icon of Indian adventure
tourism
(9) Establishment of Tourism Destination Fund for Shimla for channelising the
investments and funds for development, operation and maintenance of
tourism infrastructure as well as basic infrastructure at tourism spots. It is
recommended that a green fee concept implemented in Manali should be
replicated in Shimla
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13.8 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
(Rs. Lakhs)
S.N Projects Project Investment Schedule
Cost11 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 Upgradation of
Naldhera Golf Course 500 - 500 - - - -
2 Development of
Nature Park at
Craignano 1500 - 1000 500 - - -
3 Development of
Theme Park 500 - 500 - - - -
4 Upgradation of Skating
Rink 1000 - 1000 - - - -
5 Beautification of
Shimla 1000 - 200 200 200 200 200
6 Ecotourism Projects 1000 - 200 200 200 200 200
7 Upgradation of
Tourists Information
Centre 500 100 200 200 - - -
8 Promotion 200 50 50 50 50 - -
9 Studies and Project
Development 400 200 200 - - - -
Total 6600 350 3850 1150 450 400 400
11
at current price
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13.9 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS
Project Title: Development of Nature Park at Craignano
Project Description: GoHP has proposed the Nature Park at Craignano. The 40 bigha land
available with GoHP has been transferred to Forest Department for the proposed project. The
project shall include
Arboretum
Nursery
Vermi-composting Demonstration Plant
Open air amphitheatre
Greenhouses
Garden Café
Picnic pavilion
Administration and education building
Project Benefits:
Ex-situ conservation of endangered and rare species of Himalayan flora
Awareness generation, education, research
Recreation and tourism
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 1500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Entrance Fee, Souvenir Sale, Nursery
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by Forest Department
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by Forest Department using funds to raised
through grant under JNNURM and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered from revenue stream of
Nature Park
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007-2008; Implementation 2008-2009
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Upgradation of Naldhera Golf Course to International Standard
Project Description: Naldhera Golf Course established by Lord Curzon 1905 is a heritage
property managed by HPTDC. The golf course is located at an altitude of 2200 m. is unique
Himalayan golf course with huge natural glade surrounded by a thick cedar forest. The golf
course characterized by undulating fairways, elevated tees, greens nestled between massive trees
has potential to become major international golfing destination. In order to attract high end
tourist, GoHP intends to upgrade the golf course to international standards The upgradation of
golf course shall include
Extension to 18 holes
Development of additional greens and fairways
Project Benefits:
Attraction for high end tourism
Improvement of economy of the city
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Green Fees/Membership Fees
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by Tourism Department and
HPTDC
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by HPTDC using funds to raised through
grant under JNNURM and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered from revenue stream of Golf Club
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation : 2008
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and HPTDC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of layout plan by Golf
Designer/Architect and Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Promotion and marketing of the Golf Course in international market
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Development of Theme Park
Project Description: The theme park which will promote Himachali culture is envisaged on line
of Choki Dhani in Rajasthan
Project Benefits:
Promotion of Himachali culture and art
Helps in sustenance of tourism economy
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Entrance Fee, Souvenir Sale, Food and Beverage
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by Tourism Department through
Private Sector Participation
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by Private Sector while GoHP may provide
the land on lease; O&M Cost to be recovered from revenue stream of Theme Park
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation : 2008
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and Private Sector
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Project Development for inviting private sector
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
Identification of land for project and detailed feasibility study
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Project Title: Upgradation of Ice Skating Rink
Project Description: Shimla has the only natural ice-skating rink in India, which was established
by British in 1920. The ice-skating rink is one of the major tourist attractions in Shimla. An Ice-
skating Carnival arranged every year in January by Ice-skating Club is famous for fancy dress
competition and ice hockey. GoHP has proposed to upgrade the Ice Skating Rink
Project Benefits:
Recreation and tourism
International quality skating rink facility for promotion of winter sports
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 1000 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Entrance Fee, Skate Rentals, Coaching Fee
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by HPTDC
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by the GoHP and HPTDC using funds to
raised through grant under JNNURM and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered from revenue stream
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation :2008
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and HPTDC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Upgradation of Information Centre
Project Description: Presently HPTDC is operating two tourists information centers on Cart
Road and Mall Road and also provides online system for information and accommodation
booking. It is proposed to upgrade the Tourist Information Centre which shall include
Upgradation of information system
Provision of helpline
Upgradation of Tourist Information Centre on Cart Road to 24X7
Establishment of Tourist Information Centre at new ISBT
Project Benefits:
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: advertisement rights
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by HPTDC
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by the GoHP and HPTDC using funds to
raised through grant and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered advertisement rights
Time Frame: 2009
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and HPTDC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Beautification of Shimla
Project Description: The proposed beautification of Shimla shall include
Lighting of heritage buildings
Establishment of water fountains, seating benches etc
Project Benefits:
Improvement in aesthetics of the city
Impetus to tourism
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 1000 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: advertisement rights
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by HPTDC
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by GoHP and HPTDC using funds to
raised through grant under JNNURM and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered advertisement rights
Time Frame: 2012
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and HPTDC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
Preparation of Master Plan for beautification
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14 ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS
14.1 INTRODUCTION
The Cities can have substantial impact on regional carrying capacity thresholds
through their concentration of activity. The environmental implications are diverse
and manifest themselves in a number of different ways. The quality of life in city is
determined by its natural resources and environmental quality.
14.2 ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION STATUS
14.2.1 Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework
HP State Environment Protection and Pollution Control Board is the regulatory
body constituted under the provision of Water (Prevention & Control of
Pollution) Act 1974. The main function of HP State Environment Protection and
Pollution Control Board is to plan a comprehensive program for prevention,
control and abatement of pollution and authorize, regulate and monitor the
enforcement of various environment related rules.
14.2.2 Air Quality
Air quality is being monitored at two stations viz. Takka Bench on Ridge and
ISBT by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) under National Air Quality
Monitoring Programme. The annual average values of the four pollutants
monitored are presented in Table 14.1. The levels of the pollutants are below the
maximum permissible limits.
Table 14.1 Permissible level of Pollution in Shimla
CPCB Annual Annual
CPCB
Standard Average Average
Standard for
S.N. Pollutant for for 2004- for 2004-
Residential
Sensitive 05 at 05 at
Area
Area Ridge ISBT
1 Sulfur Dioxide 15 µg/m3 3.1 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 4.6 µg/m3
(SO2)
2 Oxides of 15 µg/m3 9.4 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 15.1
Nitrogen (NOx) µg/m3
3 Suspended 70 µg/m3 40.7 µg/m3 140 µg/m3 53.5
Particulate Matter µg/m3
(SPM)
4 Respirable 50 µg/m3 8.8 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 13.6
Particulate Matter µg/m3
Source: Annual Report 2004-05, HP State Environment Protection and Pollution Control Board
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14.2.3 Noise Levels
HP State Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Board had carried out
noise monitoring in 2004 to monitor noise levels during Diwali festive period.
This data may not be representative of ambient noise levels in Shimla. In absence
of any latest representative data, it is difficult to ascertain noise pollution levels in
Shimla.
14.2.4 Water Pollution
The Shimla being on hill town, natural drains carries the water to valleys into
Khads, which are used as source of water supply for Shimla. There are no major
surface water bodies both natural and artificial within Shimla Planning Area.
Though exact data is not available, it has been observed that the water bodies are
not so polluted.
14.2.5 Solid Waste Management
Details of the solid waste generation and management are separately covered in
chapter 11.
14.2.6 Status on Compliance
The present status on compliance of various rules in context of Shimla is
presented in Table 14.2
Table 14.2 Compliance of Environmental Acts/Rules
S.N. Act/Rule Status on Compliance
1 Water (Prevention & Control of Irrigation and Public Health Department
Pollution) Act 1974 (Consent to has constructed 7 Sewage Treatment Plants
Shimla Municipal Corporation forfor treatment of sewage in conformation
Disposal of domestic sewage) with disposal standards
2 Bio-medical Wastes (Management Common Bio Medical Waste Treatment
and handling) Rules 1998 Facility of 170 kg/Dc capacity established
by Shimla Municipal Corporation
3 Municipal Solid Wastes Shimla Municipal Corporation has installed
(Management and Handling) waste processing plant based composting.
Rules 2000 No disposal facility as per the requirement
of MSW rules
4 Hazardous Waste (Management No Hazardous waste generating industries
and Handling) Rules 1989 in Shimla
5 Water Harvesting in New Hotels Capacity of 12 lakhs litre created till date
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14.2.7 Issues and Concerns
The projects requiring environmental clearances will have to follow new EIA
notification dated 14th September 2006. As per new notification, the projects
falling in Category A and Category B shall require prior environmental
clearance from MoEF and State Environment Impact Assessment Authority
(SEIAA) to be constituted by MoEF. The SEIAA is not yet constituted for
Himachal Pradesh. The delay in constitution of institutional framework and
conformation requirement to new notification would require additional
project development time. The projects which would require prior
environmental clearance are indicated in following Table 14.3.
Table 14.3 Classification of Projects for Environmental Clearance
S.N Projects Category as per new EIA
1 Integrated Municipal Solid Category B
Waste Facility
2 Aerial Ropeways Category B
3 Township Projects Category B
4 Building and Construction Category B
Projects with > 20,000 sq.m.
built-up area
14.2.8 Vision and Goals
“Commitment to Protection and Continuous Improvement of
Environment”
14.2.9 Strategy and Interventions
The strategy for environmental management is based on integrating
environmental and social concerns in the economic development by way of
(1) Protection of water, soil and air quality from urban pollution
(2) Minimizing urban impact on natural resources
(3) Preventing and mitigating urban impacts on natural disaster occurrence
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The intervention identified for protection of environmental quality from urban
pollution and minimizing impacts on natural resources are as follows:
It would be desirable to prepare Comprehensive Environmental Management
Plan for Shimla Planning Area on Regional Environmental Assessment (REA)
approach. The REA approach allows for comprehensive and cumulative
assessment of environmental issues and impacts arising from multiple projects
and activities that are planned and expected to be implemented during the
Mission period, and can be used to establish environmentally sound development
policy
TCP should identify and demarcate critical locations with respect to
environmental sensitivity
74th CAA requires preparation of annual environmental status report by ULBs.
It is therefore suggested that periodic environmental monitoring be carried out
and annual environmental status report be prepared by SMC to inform public of
major environment issues and trends as well as actions, policies and programs
being implemented in response to these issues. To create awareness amongst user
groups, the status of air pollution may be revealed through display systems
instituted at major locations in the city
It would be desirable that SMC adopt and maintain ISO 18000 based
environmental management system, which provides framework and mechanism
for improvement in environmental performance and reduce negative impacts. It
also provides basis for monitoring environmental performance of the city
Ensure that Environmental Impact Assessment studies are undertaken for all
major projects as required under the new EIA notification and Environmental
Management Plan prepared for the projects are implemented in order to avoid
and minimize the impacts on the environment. It is expected that the
environmental clearance conforming to new notification would require additional
3-4 months time. It is therefore recommended that the time frame for
development and implementation of the projects which requires environmental
clearance should factor this additional time frame
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14.3 GARDENS, OPEN SPACES AND URBAN FORESTS
14.3.1 Open Spaces and Gardens
There are about 9 parks/gardens and 8 open space/grounds in the city covering
about 6 ha. SMC develops and maintains the open spaces through its Garden
Department.
14.3.2 Urban Forests
Shimla is known for its City/Urban Forest. It is last surviving urban forest in the
country. The urban forests contribute to value of Shimla by absorbing storm
water and improving air and water quality. Urban forest is part of the fabric of
Shimla bringing nature into urban landscape.
Table 14.4 Encroachments of forests in Shimla
Forest Area Quality of No. of
S.N Administrative Area
(in Hectare) Forest Encroachments
Reserved Forest
(21%)
1 SMC Area 832.40 916
Un-classed
Forest (79%)
SADA Area (Tutu,
New Shimla, Dhalli,
2 4680.00 “C” Category 77
Ganahatti, Kufri and
Shoghi)
Total 5512.40 993
The forests constitute about 55% of the Shimla Planning Area. The predominant
species in the forest are Deodar, Pine, Oak, Kail, Rai and Rhodendron. The wild
life has migrated towards deeper forests and is limited to Pheasants.
The forest within SMC area was managed by SMC till recently under Himachal
Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act 1994 and now has been transferred to
Department of Forest for better and efficient management.
In addition to forestlands, 1000 ha of land is under estate forest. GoHP in August
2000 notified that all areas possessing substantial green cover but not classified as
forest, whether public or private ownership shall be designated as Green Belts. 17
such Green Belts covering 414 hectares were identified and notified in Core and
Restricted zone.
Overall, the dense forest cover provides environmental buffer for the city. Large
areas under scrub forest also provide adequate scope for expansion.
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14.3.3 Issues
(1) Maturity of Deodar Trees: Deodar Trees in Shimla has reached maturity.
GoHP has banned the green felling of trees and therefore limiting its
regeneration. The regeneration of Deodar is through artificial regeneration
on the forest blanks
(2) Encroachment in forest area : About 993 encroachment on forest lands have
been identified. GoHP under the order of High Court is executing
evacuation of encroachments from forests lands.
(3) Degradation of forest due to tree felling for construction activity and
unregulated dumping of solid waste and debris along the hill slopes by
people
(4) Soil erosion and landslides especially along the natural drains is causing
widening of drains especially during flash floods and exposing trees along the
drain to felling
14.3.4 Vision and Goals
“Commitment to create healthy ecosystem and value and
care is as an essential environmental, economic and
community asset”
Indicator 2006 2011 2016 2021
Removal of Encroachments
15% 100% 100% 100%
from Forest Land
Removal of Forest Blanks
0% 100% 100% 100%
through Plantation
14.3.5 Strategy
A strategy for urban forest in Shimla, which not only improve aesthetics of the
city but also is important factor for tourism, an engine for economic growth
should be based on
(a) Protection, preservation and maintenance of existing forests/open spaces
and parks; and
(b) Afforestation of forest blank areas
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Based on aforementioned objectives, Green Shimla Yojna for urban forest of
Shimla has been formulated involving following interventions:
(1) The Urban Forest within SMC limit does not have the Working Plan.
It is recommended that the Working Plan for the forests within SMC
limit be prepared. The forests land encroached should be evacuated
as per the High Court orders. Any further encroachments and
unauthorized developments on forestland should be restricted and
prevented. The public and private owners of green belts with large
mass of green space must be involved in the planning process
(2) Afforestation: Presently green felling of trees including diseased and
dry trees is completely banned. In order to facilitate natural
regeneration, the diseased and dry trees are proposed to be removed
in phased a manner. The artificial regeneration is proposed in
permanent blanks and blanks created by removal of encroachments.
Deodar, Ban, Phodendron and Asculus are proposed for artificial
regeneration. Total 200 hectares of forest area in Shimla and suburbs
shall be undertaken afforestation
(3) Establishment of permanent model nursery: A model nursery is
proposed to be established for Shimla Forest Division (Urban) in
order to facilitate regeneration of forest blanks
(4) Soil conservation: In order to overcome the problems of landslides,
sinking land, it is proposed to undertake soil conservation through
engineering and vegetative measures for stabilization of the problem
areas
(5) Improvement in drainage system: The improvement in drainage
system is proposed by providing solid embankment on existing
drainage and planting soil binding species of trees and shrubs
(6) Preservation of natural walking trails: To facilitate the promotion of
ecotourism in the city, natural walking trails will be identified,
developed and maintained
(7) Interlink chain fencing: Shimla and suburbs areas have some of finest
conifer grooves. These grooves are exposed to the risk of dumping
of wastes and other anthropogenic activities. It is proposed to fence
these groves with interlink chain to arrest the access
(8) Maintenance of parks: In order to keep the tourists and citizens
movement restricted to parks, it is proposed to upgrade and maintain
the public parks in Shimla for recreational purpose. For maintenance
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of open space, a detailed inventory of the parks and open spaces
should be prepared and explore its probable multiple uses or forms
for recreation and visual pleasure. Possibilities to include private
sector for maintenance of these areas should be explored
(9) Awareness generation and community participation: In order to
increase people’s participation in protecting and regenerating urban
forest, GoHP has proposed to undertake “Smiriti Van” and “Mera-
Shimla-Sunder Shimla” Scheme. Under Smiriti Van or Forest of
Memories, people will be encouraged to plant the tree towards the
memory the person wish to cherish. Under Mera Shimla Sunder
Shimla scheme, the institutional agencies and general people will be
encouraged to plant trees in open patches around the neighbourhood
14.3.6 Sectoral Investment Plan
(Rs. Lakhs)
S.N. Projects Project Investment Schedule
Cost 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 Conservation of Soil
Erosion 500 50 200 200 50
2 Upgradation of
Existing Parks 1000 200 200 200 200 200
3 Community awareness 300 50 50 50 50 50 50
4 Studies and Project
Development 400 100 300
Total 2200 200 750 450 300 250 250
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14.3.7 Project Information Sheets
Project Title: Rehabilitation and Conservation of Soil Erosion
Project Description: The rehabilitation and conservation of soil erosion is proposed to
be implemented in both forest and non-forest area. The rehabilitation and conservation
to prevent soil erosion and land slide shall include
Afforestation
Lining and embankment of natural drains
Interlinking of chain fencing
Engineering structures
Project Benefits:
Prevention of soil erosion and land slide hazards
Protection of forest and its ecosystem
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Nil
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by GoHP
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by the GoHP using funds to raised
through grant under JNNURM
Time Frame: Project Development: 2007; Implementation : 2007-2010
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Awareness campaign and community participation for tree plantation
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Upgradation and Maintenance of Public Parks
Project Description: The public parks in Shimla are in highly neglected state and need
immediate attention for its upgradation and maintenance. It is proposed to upgrade the
following public parks in Shimla for recreational purpose
Ladies Park
Ridge Garden
Daulat Singh Park
Lala Lajpat Rai Park
Keleston Park
Sanjauli Children Park
Bharai Park Near Government School
Kotgarh House Park
Park Nr Church
Kufri Zoological Park
Tutikandi Zoological Park
Project Benefits:
Provide facility for recreational purpose
Relieve anthropogenic stress on urban forest and protection of forest
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 1000 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Entrance Fee, Rentals from F&B outlets
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by SMC and GoHP
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by the SMC and GoHP using funds
to raised through grant under JNNURM
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation 2008-2012
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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15 DISASTER MANAGEMENT
15.1 NATURAL HAZARDS
The North Western fringe of the Himalayas is bounded by two major thrusts namely
Main Central Thrust and Main Boundary Fault running parallel to the axis. The
entire Himachal Pradesh including Shimla Town falls under Seismic Zone
Classification IV and V. The region is prone to natural hazards like earthquake,
landslides, land sinking and cloudbursts.
In areas like Cemetery, Sanjauli, Jinu Colony, Chakkar, Kachhi Ghati and Lower
Bharari, earthquake can trigger cascading chain collapse of buildings on slopes down
below. The study conducted by TCP for assessment of the havoc potential of
various densely populated areas indicates that places like Sanjauli, Lakkar Bazar,
Fingask and Ram Bazar are more prone to disasters. Majority of houses in these
areas are old and in dilapidated condition which have less bearing capacity and
structurally poor resistance. Areas like Kachhi Ghat, New Shimla Phase-III, Chakkar
and Tutu are vulnerable to landslides and hill slips. The study also identified certain
areas of Shimla as 'high sinking' zones where any further addition of building loads
could be disastrous. These included northern slope of the Ridge extending upto
Grand Hotel in the west, covering Lakkar Bazar, Central school, Auckland nursery
school, dhobi ghat, idgah and Laddakhi Mohalla. About 500 m. of road from the
Ridge to Lakkar Bazar had started sinking in early sixties and the process accelerated
in 1971 when the road sunk by more than ten feet and several houses were
endangered. Constructions in the area were banned and the entire area was declared
unsafe.
15.2 FIRE HAZARDS
Shimla Planning Area has three Fire Stations at Mall, Boluganj and Chhota Shimla.
The number of fire accidents reported at each of fire station is presented in Table
15.1.
Table 15.1 Number of fire accidents in Shimla
Accidents
S.N. Fire Station
2004 2005 2006 (Till Sep 2006)
1 The Mall 29 34 22
2 Bouluganj 75 45 30
3 Chhota Shimla 46 27 22
Total 150 106 74
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The fire services in Shimla Planning Area are provided in Fire Department of GoHP.
The fire department is also involved in rescue operations during floods, road
accidents etc. The infrastructure available at three Fire Stations is tabulated in Table
15.2.
Table 15.2 Infrastructure facilities at Fire Stations in Shimla
S.N. Infrastructure Items No. of Units
1 Water Tender (4500 Litre Capacity) 4
2 Mini Water Tender (3000 Litre Capacity) 2
3 Crash Tender 1
4 Water Hozer (9000 Litre Capacity) 1
5 Combined Foam CO2 Tender 1
6 Jeep Fire Engine 2
The dedicated fire hydrant network in Shimla was established by British with 900 fire
hydrants. Presently only 560 fire hydrants are remaining and rest are missing. The
fire hydrant network is owned and maintained by SMC.
15.3 ISSUES AND CONCERNS
Densely populated areas like Sanjauli, Jiwanoo colony, New Shimla, Vikas
Nagar, Kalini, Chhota Shimla, Central Shimla, Krishna Nagar, Bharari,
Kaithu, Phagli, Chakkar, Katchighatti and Tutu located on hill slopes of
more than 45º
Majority of constructions in Shimla area is not conforming to the seismic
building code and earthquake resistances measures and are prone to hazard
risk
Landslides due to steep slopes, presence of highly erosive nallahs, and large
number of seepage zones
Risk of fire due to rampant use of wood in house construction
Inaccessibility due to hilly terrain and narrow congested areas for relief and
rescue operations
The responsibility of maintenance of fire hydrant line is with SMC, where as
Fire Department of GoHP provides fire related services. Of the total 900 fire
hydrant installed by British presently only 560 exist. The fire hydrants are
missing due to inadequate attentions paid during construction and relaying
work of roads
SMC has provided water connections from fire hydrant lines; earlier which
were separate lines, charged 24 hours. The fire rescue operation needs
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coordination with SMC officials for release of water in the network. The dry
lines of fire hydrant network and inadequate pressure results in delay in
controlling the fire
15.4 STRATEGY
Disaster Management Plan should be prepared to ensure preparedness for
meeting any disasters. The urban planning and development in form of
decentralized polycentric system should be encouraged to avoid
concentration of activities
In order to prevent landslides, following measures are required
o Planning for proper drainage of the slopes;
o Lining of nallahs to reduce the seepage down into body of slope;
o Construction of catch water drains in order to keep slopes dry;
o Construction of retaining walls along the affected stretch; and
o Afforestation and soil conservation measures of the affected slopes
Only the core area of the city is equipped with fire hydrants. The adequate
network of fire hydrants and upgradation of fire stations infrastructure is
essential for meeting fire hazard risks
Introduction in building bylaws provisions related to seismic building code
and fire protection system like water storage and water riser for housing
colonies, multistoried buildings and institutional buildings
The Development Plan restricts construction on slope greater than 450. The
hill slope regulation needs to be strictly enforced in order to avoid any
disaster
15.5 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
(Rs. Lakhs)
S.N. Projects Project Investment Schedule
Cost 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 Network of Fire
Hydrants and
upgradation of Fire
Station 105 55 50
2 Prevention and
controls of land slides 2000 - 500 500 500 500 -
3 Community awareness 200 25 100 25 25 25 -
4 Preparation of DMP,
Studies and Project 200 100 100 - - - -
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Development
Total 2505 125 700 580 575 525 0
15.5.1 Project Information Sheets
Project Title: Prevention of Landslides
Project Description: In order to prevent landslides, following measures are suggested
Planning for proper drainage of the slopes
Lining of nallahs to reduce the seepage down into body of slope
Construction of catch water drains in order to keep slopes dry
Construction of retaining walls along the affected stretch
Vegetation turfing and soil conservation measures of the affected slopes
Project Benefits:
Prevention of soil erosion and land slide hazards
Protection of forest and its ecosystem
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 2000 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Nil
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by GoHP and SMC
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by the GoHP/SMC using funds to
raised through grant under JNNURM
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007-2008; Implementation : 2008-2011
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and SMC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Awareness campaign and community participation for tree plantation
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Upgradation of Fire Service Infrastructure
Project Description: The upgradation of fire service infrastructure proposed shall include
Procurement of Water Hozer
Extension of fire hydrant network in suburbs especially densely populated area
Project Benefits:
Protection of life and property damages due to fire accidents
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 105 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Nil
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by SMC and GoHP
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by the GoHP using funds to raised
through grant under JNNURM
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation 2008-2009
Institutional Responsibility: SMC and GoHP
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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16 HERITAGE CONSERVATION
16.1 INTRODUCTION
Shimla characterized by unique and
distinct British Heritage is famous
for built heritage such as Vice
Regal Lodge (India Institute of
Advanced Studies), Rothney Castle,
Railway Board Building, Gaiety
Theatre and Gorton Castle. The
architectural heritage in Shimla
shows eminence diversity including
Tudor, Victorian, Edwardian style in such small geographical area. The colonial
imperial space is manifest in Bandstand, the Mall and pedestrian dominance. These
structures add to the beauty of the city and are very precious assets of Shimla’s Built
Fabric.
16.2 EXISTING STATUS
Considering the importance of conserving Shimla Heritage, GoHP has undertaken
following initiatives:
(1) Heritage Conservation in Shimla is responsibility of Shimla Municipal
Corporation and Department of Town and Country Planning
(2) GoHP under Town and Country Planning Act has notified the 50m area
around Mall Road possessing significant evidence of heritage as Heritage
Zone
(3) GoHP has prepared an inventory of built
heritage in Shimla, which include
buildings and structures of architectural,
historical and aesthetic importance. The
list of heritage building within heritage
zone and outside heritage zone is
presented in Annexure 21.7
(4) Department of Town and Country
Planning has prepared zoning regulations for the Heritage Zone and Heritage
buildings. Heritage Conservation Advisory Sub-Committee is constituted
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under the chairmanship of Director, Town and Country Planning for
regulation of alteration in existing heritage building
(5) 96.5 km Kalka- Shimla narrow gauge railway line commissioned in 1906 with
919 curves and 103 tunnels is historically significant. National Rail Museum
Ministry of Railways, Government of India has applied to UNESCO for
declaration of this line as heritage railway line
KALKA –SHIMLA RAILWAY
The idea of a railway line to Shimla dates back to the introduction of railways in India. It was
the most surveyed line. The earliest survey made in 1884 was made for 68 miles in length line
with a ruling gradient of 1 in 33.
On June 29, 1898, a contract was signed between the secretary of state and the Delhi-
Ambala-Kalka railway company for construction and working of a two feet gauge line from
Kalka to Shimla. As per the contract, the rail line was to be built without any pecuniary aid or
guarantee from the government. The land was, however, provided free of charge.
The military authorities were skeptic about the narrower gauge of two feet chosen for Kalka-
Shimla Railway. On recommendations of military authorities, for standard two feet by six
inches gauge for mountain and light strategic railways, Government of India in 1901, revised
the contract and two feet by six inches gauge was adopted for Kalka-Shimla Railway.
The line measuring 59.44 miles from Kalka to Shimla was opened for traffic on November 9,
1903. Because of peculiar working conditions, high capital cost coupled with high
maintenance cost-Kalka Shimla railway was allowed to charge higher rates and fare compared
to the then prevailing rates for other lines in the plains. By 1904, a total of Rs. 1,65,25,000
was spent by DUK and it went in to financial crisis. On representation of the company, the
Government of India purchased the line in January 1906.
The line running like twin threads of silver is flanked by towering hills and clinging perilously
to the sides of steep cliffs offers the scenic and magnificent retreat along the whole route.
Throughout its length of 60 miles, the line runs in a continuous succession of reverse curves
up to 120 feet radius along the valleys and spurs, flanking mountains rising to 6,800 feet
above sea level at Shimla railway with its extraordinary feat of engineering skill, more than
any other cause, contributed to the speedy development of Shimla.
An interesting feature of the Kalka-Shimla Railway is the almost complete absence of Girder
bridges. Multi arched galleries like ancient roman aqueducts being the commonest means of
carrying the line over the ravines between the hill spurs. Another special feature of the Kalka-
Shimla Railway is that as many as 27 cutovers serve as different gradient crossings. There are
20 intermediate stations, and all have crossing facilities. The line also has about 107 tunnels.
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16.3 RESTORATION OF GAIETY THEATRE
(1) In 1887, a grand structure of 64 feet, the Town Hall designed by architect
Henry Irwin, a masterpiece of Gothic architecture was built as a crown on
the Ridge
(2) Gaiety Theatre was an important part of the Town Hall. It was a marvel of
architecture with perfect acoustics and theatre facilities. A hub of the
performing arts, Gaiety Theatre saw legendary artists like Rudyard Kipling,
Baten Powel, K.L. Sehgal, Prithvi Raj Kapoor, the Kendall’s perform on this
historical stage over a century
(3) The GoHP through its Department of Language, Art and Culture, purchased
this building from Municipal Corporation, Shimla for an amount of Rs. 40
lakhs to restore and conserve this grand structure to its original glory and to
develop it as a cultural complex. GoHP intends to restore the Town Hall and
Gaiety Theatre to its authentic status while adhering to international heritage
norms of restoration and conservation. The building will house:
City Museum (to exhibit the memoirs of pre and post British Raj and
Freedom Struggle)
Art Gallery (for contemporary and traditional art)
Amphitheatre (for outdoor performances like folk dances, traditional
music, folk theatre and pavement entertainment)
Dance and Music Repertories
Multi purpose Hall (for conducing symposiums, seminars, dance and
drama)
Archives (for city records)
Library (for books on art, culture, history, traditional art and classic
literature)
Sculpture Court Yard
(4) The estimated cost of restoration is Rs. 10 Crores. Restoration is being
carried out by HPPWD
(5) The project not only help conservation of historical and heritage property,
but will also use the heritage building for promotion of art and establishment
of Convention Centre, which the city currently lacks
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16.4 POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
There is no separate state level policy on Heritage Conservation. Shimla Municipal
Corporation is responsible for maintenance of heritage buildings. Department of
Town and Country Planning is regulatory authority for any alterations in heritage
buildings.
16.5 ISSUES AND CONCERNS
(1) Most of the heritage properties are occupied by Government Offices and have
not been maintained properly due to inadequate funds and expertise. Also, in
the absence of any regulatory mechanism till recently, a lot of incongruous
interventions of extremely low architectural values have been introduced.
These structures need immediate attention for comprehensive and careful
repairs and restoration
(2) Most of the heritage properties are in a state of neglect due to lack of
appropriate framework and funds for restoration and conservation and the
inherent prioritization of public finances into other programs
(3) Involvement of multiple agencies like SMC, Department of Culture, TCP in
heritage conservation
16.6 VISION AND GOALS
Heritage Properties are places of cultural significance, which enrich people’s lives,
often providing a deep and inspirational sense of connection to community and
landscape, to the past and to lived experiences. They are historical records that are
important as tangible expressions of identity and experience. Therefore vision for
heritage conservation is
“Conservation of Heritage for Present and Future Generation”
Indicator 2006 2011 2016 2021
No. of Heritage Buildings to be 1 5 15
restored and conserved
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16.7 STRATEGY
(1) It is recommended that a heritage conservation policy for the city be
formulated. The policy should provide the strategy, institutional and
implementation framework for heritage conservation
(2) GoHP has identified various heritage properties in Shimla. GoHP should
prepare a detailed inventory of heritage property that would include listing
and documentation of artifacts, structures, buildings, etc. This inventory
should be updated periodically. GIS based tools may be used for
inventorisation of such properties
(3) Heritage Zone Master Plan including development control should be
developed specifying the bylaws related height of buildings, façade treatment,
style of construction, usage of construction material etc
(4) Preparation of restoration implementation plan in terms of preliminary
condition assessment, restoration cost estimation, commercial potential
assessment, implementation timeframe, prioritization of project, budget
requirement, financing mechanism, budget allocation etc.
(5) Redevelopment of Heritage Zone Area by shifting non-conforming activities
outside. This would also help in decongestion of core area
(6) Shifting of government offices from heritage buildings in the core heritage
zone and preparation of revitalization scheme including appropriate adaptive
reuse plan for all heritage structures, which are archeologically significant due
to its historic and cultural values, in order to make conservation self
sustainable
(7) Restoration of the heritage properties to its original glory and its selective re-
use holds enormous potential for attracting tourists. The strong affinity
between tourism and heritage should be leveraged to promote conservation
on heritage buildings. In order to provide sustainable means for conservation
and maintenance of heritage properties, it is essential to harness their
commercial potential
(8) Government of India and private persons own number heritage buildings in
Shimla. It is recommended that a separate conservation cell should be
created in CPWD for conservation and maintenance of buildings owned by
Government of India and its agencies. It is suggested that GoHP act as
facilitator for the heritage properties owned by the private persons/agencies.
There is need for increased interaction with the heritage property owners
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(9) For the buildings owned by the GoHP and its agencies, it is suggested that
the projects be categorized into following two categories for implementation
a. Category I: Properties with adaptive reuse that have potential to
sustain, based on their own revenue streams and are therefore viable
either standalone or with viability gap funding for development
through Public Private Partnership
b. Category II: Properties with adaptive reuse that are unviable for
development and would need Public Sector funding
(10) The scope of Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Board and Shimla
Tourism Development Council may be widened to include heritage for
facilitating the heritage conservation and adaptive reuse. The tourism policy
objectives of the state should also seek to revamp the heritage monuments,
which have deteriorated with time, and promote private sector investments
in heritage conservation.
(11) The Tourism and Heritage Development Board/Council should empanel
heritage experts, individuals and agencies for providing project management
and consultancy on heritage conservation. Heritage Conservation Advisory
Sub Committee will continue to act as regulatory body for enforcement of
zoning plan and development control plan. A dedicated Heritage Fund for
Shimla may be established for co financing and
routing/channelising/pooling the funds for restoration and maintenance
from other sources for heritage conservation
Institutional Framework For Heritage Conservation
GoI GoHP Multi/Bi Agn NGOs
Shimla Heritage
TCP Fund
Heritage Conservation HP Tourism and Heritage Empanelment
Advisory Sub Committee Board/ Council of Heritage Consultant
Development
Regulation
And Implementation
Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 4 Project 5
PPP PPP- Viability Gap Funding Budgetary
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(12) Create awareness through promotion of heritage walks and tours. Promotion
of heritage based tourism products like packaging the Kalka –Shimla railway
line combined with Heritage Walk in Shimla
16.8 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
(Rs. Lakhs)
S.N. Projects Project Investment Schedule
Cost 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 Restoration and
conservation of
Government owned
heritage buildings 22500 - 4500 4500 4500 4500 4500
2 Studies and Project
Development 400 100 100 100 100 - -
3 Total 22900 100 4600 4600 4600 4500 4500
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16.9 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS
Project Title: Restoration and Conservation of Heritage Buildings
Project Description: GoHP intends to restore and conserve the heritage properties
owned by State Government for adaptive reuse based on the potential of the heritage
property. It is proposed that the properties shall be classified into three categories based
its potential for adaptive reuse and public private partnership
(a) Category I: Properties with adaptive reuse that have potential to sustain, based on their
own revenue streams and are therefore viable either standalone or with viability gap
funding for development through a Public Private Partnership
(b) Category II: Properties with adaptive reuse that are unviable for development and would
need Public Sector funding
Project Benefits:
Conservation of historical and heritage property with suitable adaptive reuse
Promotion of heritage building for promotion of art
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 22500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Project revenue stream for the properties of Category I
Implementation Structure :
The Category I projects shall be implemented by GoHP though Private Sector
Participation
The Category II projects shall be implemented by GoHP through Department of
Culture/Tourism and Heritage Board
Financing Mechanism :
For Category I based on standalone viability, capital cost to be financed by private
sector developer
For Category I project based on Viability Gap Funding and Category II projects,
capital cost to be financed by the GoHP using funds to raised through grant
under JNNURM and loan
O&M Cost to be recovered from user fee/rentals
Time Frame:
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and/or Private Sector
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
Preparation of restoration plan and categorization of properties and project development
for the heritage projects
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Shimla Heritage Fund be established for restoration, conservation, and regular
maintenance of the Heritage properties
Additional Studies:
Condition assessment of heritage properties and preparation of restoration, conservation
and reuse plans including DPR for each heritage building
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17 HOUSING AND URBAN POOR
17.1 INTRODUCTION
Shimla being capital and administrative center and major educational and tourist
destination is the fastest growing hill town. There is increasing need and demand of
land for housing in Shimla due to migration of both unskilled and skilled workforce.
Land in Shimla for habitation purpose is a scarce resource due to topographical
constraints. The land availability, affordable housing and services standards have not
been able to keep pace with the influx. Moreover, severe cold climate of Shimla during
winter threatens the survival of shelter less people
17.2 OVERVIEW OF EARLIER LAND SUPPLY FOR HOUSING
Table 17.1 Housing demand History
S.N Period Function of Town Population Housing Demand
1 Till 1830 Village By Villagers
Holiday Resort for Big Bunglows of British
2 1830-1850 320 (1842)
Britishers Civil and Army Officers
Summer Capital of 13960 (1901) --do- and housing for
3 1850-1910
Punjab 19405 (1911) employees
Summer Capital of --do-- and housing for
4 1910-1947 18348 (1951)
British Empire employees and others
District Head --do--, No. of employees
5 1951-1971 42597 (1961)
Quarters shifted to Chandigarh
Administrative and
Capital of Himachal
6 1971-1981 55326 (1971) education center
Pradesh
employees and others
Administrative, education
7 1981-Till Date --do-- 109860 (1991)
and commercial centre
17.3 LAND AND HOUSING PROVISION IN SHIMLA
With work centers and facilities concentrated along the Mall, and extremely limited
vehicular accessibility, population tried to cluster around as close as possible to Mall.
So the southern slope along the Mall being most favorable from climatic conditions
became highly densified. Plot coverage in these areas increased to extent of 100%.
More storeys were added. Houses along road levels got commercialized. All this led
to unhealthy and unhygienic conditions.
The ward-wise analysis of land availability per person carried out by HUDCO in
1999 reflects the scarcity of land in areas around the CBD, with gross residential
densities are as high as 800 pph where as town level gross residential density is 102
pph.
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With growing need of land for housing, areas down the Cart Road, Chhota Shimla,
Sanjauli started developing. Northern slopes of Mall, which are unsuitable for
residential development, also started developing due to closeness to city center. With
scarcity of land and high land values in central Shimla, areas like Tutu, Sanjauli,
Dhalli, Kasumpti, Bharari started developing. Due to topographical constraints
fragmented development took place.
The main housing areas in Shimla are the core city, part of Kaithu, Shankli,
Longwood, Chhota Shimla, Jakhoo, Kasumpti, Sanjauli, Summer Hill, Boileauganj
and Tutikandi. The total number of housing units is about 0.45 lakhs. In Shimla
Planning Area, the housing stock is increasing by decadal growth rate of 27.75%.
Land available for development in Shimla is mainly private land. As the land supply
from other sectors is very slow, the supply of land for housing from private
landowners forms major share i.e more than 76%. The housing system through
private supply does not have any provision of EWS and LIG housing, and lack
facilities like open spaces, school and even adequate access in order to maximize the
selling area. This has resulted in unplanned and haphazard growth.
EWS housing in Shimla is limited in central Shimla housing area which is structurally
in unsafe conditions on rental basis, settlement in areas unsuitable for human
habitations like adjoining Nallahs and squatter settlements on public lands.
17.4 HOUSING PROJECTIONS
Housing Projections
100000
No of Houses
80000
60000
No of Houses
40000
20000
0
1971 1981 1991 1997 2001 2011 2021
Year
Figure 17.1 Housing Projections
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17.5 POLICY, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK : HOUSING
To facilitate land supply for residents in the state and regulate housing and land
pricing, GoHP promulgated the HP Tenancy and land Reforms Act 1972 barring
non residents of HP to buy land in the state and transfer of land to non
agriculturists. However, there is no restriction for buying the plot, flat or built house
from Housing Board, Development Authorities or Corporation.
HIMUDA is responsible for provision of housing infrastructure and SMC and
SADAs are responsible for provision of basic services to urban poor. HIMUDA has
so far implemented housing colony projects at Jakhoo Colony, Knolwood, Kelston,
Starwberry Hills, New Shimla Phase 1, 2 and 3 and Sanjauli. These projects did not
have any provision for EWS housing.
17.6 ISSUES AND CONCERNS: HOUSING
The housing sector in Shimla is constrained by
(1) Land is scarce due to rigorous topography characterized by steep slopes,
elongated hilly spurs, deep valleys, forested areas and zone of perpetual
sunshade along northern slopes rendering them unsuitable for habitation
purpose
(2) Sinking and sliding zones where housing development without special
measures can endanger the safety of human lives
(3) Lack of water availability for taking up new housing projects
(4) Higher development and construction cost due to terrain constraint resulting
in unaffordable housing for EWS and LIG
(5) Construction activities incompatible with surrounding traditional culture and
heritage of the city
(6) No provision of EWS /LIG in the housing projects
(7) HIMUDA’s role in land management is very limited due to its low financial
base and inability to pool land
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17.7 STRATEGY: HOUSING
The strategy and interventions identified for housing are as follows:
(1) HIMUDA should act as agency to manage land supply for housing by
implementing the Development Plan, taking up development schemes,
enforcing zoning regulations, development controls and provision of
infrastructure
(2) Development of housing infrastructure in form of Satellite
Township/planned housing colonies in peripheral areas rather than small
housing colonies. This would also help in decongestion of town
(3) Provision of housing for EWS and LIG in all housing projects
17.8 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
(Rs. Lakhs)
S.N. Projects Project Investment Schedule
Cost 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 Development of 3
Satellite Townships 100000 - 10000 30000 20000 20000 20000
Total 100000 - 10000 30000 20000 20000 20000
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17.9 URBAN POOR
There are 53 slum pockets housing 1972 households/structures with 11874
population identified by GoHP. The wardwise slum population in SMC area is
presented in Figure 17.2. The details of locations of the Urban Poor identified by
SMC are shown in Table 17.2.
Wardwise Urban Poor Population
2500
2000
1500 Population
1000 No of Houses
500
0
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 17 18 21 22 25
Ward No
Figure 17.2 ward-wise slum population in Shimla
In addition there are about 273 unathorised Dharas on government lands. These
slums identified by SMC are not yet notified as required under the H.P. Slum Areas
(Improvement and Clearance) Act 1979. The figure shows that the poor people are
scatterred across the wards.
The rugged topography and severe cold climate make the life harder and unattractive
for homeless and shelterless and prevent the proliferation of beggars in Shimla.
However, Shimla attracts migarnt beggars from plains during summer season.
Shimla also attracts lots of migrant labours especially from Jammu and Kashmir
looking for employment as porters (pitthu’s) for carrying the payloads up and down
the hills.
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Table 17.2 Urban Poor Identified by SMC
Ward Shed/houses
S.N. Name of the Locality Population
No. in slum area
Below Shankli Road near five house line
1. 2 30 180
Lakkar Bazar Shimla
Ruldu Bhatta Near M C Line building
2. 2 25 150
Shimla
Near Masjid Building Below Lakkar Bazar,
3. 2 50 300
Shimla
On the Valley Side of Cart Road below
4. 2 50 300
Lakkar Bazar Bus Stand Shimla
Below Cart Road Lakkar Bazar Bus Stand
5. 2 20 120
Shimla
Kot-Hill below P & T Colony Lakkar
6. 2 30 180
Bazar Shimla
Near Dill Shant Estate, Bharari Road
7. 1 33 210
Shimla
8. On the hill Side of Cart Road IGMC 1 16 96
Near Govt, Degree Boys College below
9. 24 8 48
cart road, Sanjauli
Tibetan Colony opposite Bus Stand
10. 24 55 330
Sanjauli
Engine Ghar Near Chotta Masjid
11. 22 30 180
Gurudwara Road, Sanjauli
12. Bangla Colony Engine Ghar Sanjauli 22 70 420
On the hill side petrol pump, Nav Bahar
13. - 35 210
Shimla
On the valley side of Chhota Shimla
14. Sanjauli Road between HP Secretariat. & 21 25 150
Petrol Pump
15. Below Tibetan Scholl Chhota Shimla 21 20 120
16. Near Gorkhu Lodge Kasumpti Shimla 21 35 210
17. Below Pantha Ghati Bus Stoppage Shimla 21 50 330
18. Kasumpti Main Bazar Shimla 21 100 600
On the up hill side of bye road near
19. 19 20 120
Kinlog towards Khalini
On the Valley side of bye pass road near
20. the proposed landfill site (opposite 19 30 180
cremation ground)
On the up hill side of the bye pass road
21. 19 50 300
near HP State Forest Co-op. Sales Dept.
Near Ram Nagar Dhobi Ghat below
22. 10 15 90
Rippon building Shimla
Opposite Govt. Primary School Ram
23. 10 40 240
Nagar below bye pass road Lal Pani
24. Below Labour Hostel Lal Pani Shimla 11 50 300
At Darni-ka-Bagicha below bye pass road
25. 11 35 210
Lal Pani, Shimla
26. Near Bal Ram Niwas Sant Albance 11 35 210
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Cottage Lal Pani Shimla
Near Portmore School Chhota Shimla
27. 11 55 330
between Cart road and Mall Road
28. Dingu Dhar, Sanjauli Shimla 23 27 162
Maha Himalayan Colony Below Bus Stand
29. 10 30 180
Phagli Road Shimla
Vishal Kushat Asharam Below bus stand
30. 10 35 210
Shimla
31. Behind Lal Khoti Phagli Shimla 10 40 240
32. Tuti Kandi Anath Ashram Shimla 8 10 60
Below the bye pass road it is between the
Tuti Kandi. Where is meets the Kalka
33. 8 18 108
Shimla Road and near to it is a small
temple. Tuti Kandi
34. Near 35 block, Nabha, Shimla 9 20 120
35. Near Mandir, Nabha 9 30 180
36. Below Block No. 29, Nabha Shimla 9 10 60
37. Dhobi Ghat Anadle, Shimla 4 45 270
Below kandhari Niwas on the Police Line
38. 4 60 360
Road Kithu
39. Near MC Building Police Line Kaithu 4 70 420
40. Lalbagh, Near Tara Hall, Kaithu 3 35 210
On the valley side of the road bifurcating
41. 3 35 210
from near Ganga Hotel to Police Line
MD Line Near Bilaspur House Near
42. 6 30 180
Railway Station Summer Hill Shimla
43. MC Line Near Pashu, Boileauganj Shimla 7 11 66
44. Below Old barrier Boileauganj Shimla 7 40 240
On the Hill side of the Kalka Shimla Road
45. 7 9 54
near Petrol pump barrier Shimla
On the valley side bye pass road between
46. 8 15 90
Tuti Kandi and AG colony Phagli
On the valley side of the hill near RTO
47. 8 50 300
office
Near Govt, Primary School Cholaunity
48. 24 30 180
Sanjauli
49. Satawer Hill near Jakhoo Mandir 16 20 120
50. Krishna Nagar Shimla 11 100 600
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17.10 BASIC SERVICES TO THE URBAN POOR
SMC, SADA and GoHP are responsible for provision of basic services to urban
poor within their respective jurisidiction. Following basic services are provided to
Urban Poor:
Municipal Water Supply through Standposts
Sanitation through Public Toilets
Primary education
Primary health through Primary Health Centres/Urban Health
Centres/Dispensaries
While water and sanitation services are provided by SMC, GoHP is responsible for
provision of health and education services.
To assess the current condition of dwelling places of the poor, to understand their
problems and requirements in terms of basic services and to prioritize their needs a
separate workshop was organized. Poor people, their representatives, & NGOs
dealing with the poor were invited.
Basic amenities prioritized by the poor are water, roads, toilets, electricity, schools,
lighting in descending order of priorities.
Various dwelling locations for the poor are not equipped with all the basic services
however the gap between the actual and desired services is not high at almost all the
locations and almost all have some services already available. The basic services
available to the poor are discussed in the following paragraphs.
17.10.1 Water Supply:
The water is distributed in the poor areas via standposts. Though the coverage of
the standposts in these poor areas is satisfactory, the frequency & consistency of
water distribution and pressure in these standposts depend upon the period of the
year and availability of water then. The dire need of water in Shimla affects the
poor very badly and augmentation of bulk water supply and improvement in
distribution net1work are required with highest priority.
17.10.2 Sanitation:
Basic sanitation services are available through public toilets. Though these toilets
are present in almost all poor locations, the conditions are not good due to poor
maintenance or unavailability of water. It is necessary to improve the condition
of these toilets by maintaining it properly and providing adequate water to these.
In some areas even public toilets are not available and in these places, toilets
should be constructed
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17.10.3 Solid Waste Management:
Collection of the solid waste is not available to most of the poor areas. Inadequate
bins, lack of accessibility and lack of awareness are constraints for garbage
collection from slums.
17.10.4 Sewerage:
Most of the SADA areas in Shimla are not covered by proper sewerage network.
Moreover the network in the city areas is not connected to the new sewerage
links. These two sewerage networks should be connected.
17.10.5 Roads
The slums are poorly covered by road network due to topographical constraints.
17.10.6 Education
Shimla has 14 Anganwadis and 63 primary schools (including private schools).
These schools are scattered at different locations and are also serving the urban
poor.
17.10.7 Housing:
Housing system in Shimla does not have any provision of EWS or LIG housing.
EWS housing is mainly located in areas unsuitable for human habitation due to
adjoining nallahs and squatters settlement on forest land and other public lands.
As per the definition of the slum in Slum Area Act, large number of old,
dilapidated buildings and structures also fall under slums and need to be
rehabilitated or reconstructed. It is recommended that a detailed survey be
conducted to identify such buildings/structures and notify them as slums
17.10.8 Shelters/ Accommodation to the Labours:
SMC operates five labour hostels/shelter homes in Shimla viz Chalet Day School,
Chaura Maidan, Phagli, Court Hill and Lakkar Bazar with total capacity of 455
beds for providing night shelters to migrant labours on nominal rental of Rs. 20
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per month. These hostels are not adequate enough to accommodate the migrants.
Migrants are also using religious places like mosques for night shelters.
17.11 POLICY, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK: URBAN POOR
In order to provide for improvement and clearance of the slum areas and for
protection of tenants from such evictions, GoHP enacted The Himachal Pradesh
Slum Areas (Improvement and Clearance) Act 1979. As per the Act, the slum area is
defined as an area in any respect unfit for human habitation or area by reason of
dilapidation, over crowding, faulty arrangements and design of such buildings,
narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, lack of ventilation, light or sanitation
facilities or any combination of these factors, detrimental to safety, health or morals.
SMC, Office of Deputy Commissioner, and other departments of GoHP are
involved in slum identification, notification and provision of various services and
implementation of schemes for urban poor and slums
17.12 SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTS ON URBAN POOR
Majority of the projects like water supply, sewerage, solid waste management etc
shall have overall positive and direct beneficial impacts on the urban poor as it is
expected to improve the basic services and other service deliveries to the urban poor
by way of improve availability of water and consequently improvement in their
environmental, hygenic and living conditions
The other projects which are related to improving the decongestion, mobility shall
indirectly benefit urban poor
Some of the projects and interventions identified as a of City Development Plan may
need land acquisition and resettlement and rehabilitation of the project afftected
people (PAP) including the urban poor. An indicative list of the projects which may
require land acquisition and related R&R are shown in the Table 17.3.
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Table 17.3 Interventions requiring Resettlement & Rehabilitation of the Poor
Project Name Sector
Standardization of Cart Road Traffic & Transportation
Standardization of Municipal Roads Traffic & Transportation
New Links Traffic & Transportation
HOCS Traffic & Transportation
Junction Improvements Traffic & Transportation
Parking Facilities Traffic & Transportation
Lifts and Escalators Traffic & Transportation
Tunnels Traffic & Transportation
MRTS Traffic & Transportation
Ropeways Traffic & Transportation
Bypasses to the City Decongestion
Renovation of Identified Natural Drains Storm Water
Rehabilitation of water supply network Water Supply
Rehabilitation of the main sewerage network Sewerage
Renewal of core area Planning
Prevention & Control of Land Slide Disaster Management
The extent of land acquisition requirement and related R&R can be only ascertained
during detailed feasibility and preparation of detailed project reports. The project
cost estimated does not include the land acquisition and R&R estimates. These shall
be ascertained on project basis and capitalised to the respective project cost.
Being hilly area, Shimla is eligible for land acquistion and R&R cost under
JNNURM. The tentative provision of Rs 220 Cr is recommended for the R&R of
the PAPs
17.13 ALLOCATION OF THE INVESTMENT PLAN TO THE URBAN POOR
Due to lack of adequate information on the no of urban poor population and the
slum wise provision of all basic services and the detailing of the projects in terms of
its spatial and population coverage with respect to urban poor, it is difficult to
ascertain the allocation of the investment to the urban poor. In absence of such
information, the efforts are made to allocate the percentage of total investment in
proportion to the urban population in the SPA. Of the total investment about Rs 45
Cr share may be apportioned to the urban poor as presented in Table 17.4
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Table 17.4 Interventions requiring Resettlement & Rehabilitation of the Poor
Project Project Cost Fund
(Lakh) earmarked for
the poor
(Lakh)
Rehabilitation of water supply network & augmentation of 6563
water supply 445.8
Rehabilitation of the main sewerage network 4899.08 332.8
Provision of sewerage network for areas of Dhalli, Tutu, New 12180.3
Shimla and special areas of Ghanahatti, Kufri and Shoghi 827.4
Provision of missing links to connect the refurbished old 576.27
sewerage network with new sewerage network. 39.1
Renovation of Identified Natural Drains 413.76 28.1
Renovation of Open Drains 84.5 5.7
Construction of roadside drains as per drainage design 810 55.0
Standardization of the Cart Road 5225 355.0
Standardization of Municipal Roads 1515.98 103.0
New Links 5600 380.4
HOCS 12660 860.0
Junction Improvements 1500 101.9
Lifts and Escalators 1464 99.5
Tunnels 8925 606.3
Pedestrian Facilities 483.93 32.9
Street Lighting 500 34.0
D2D Collection 200 13.6
Street Sweeping 200 13.6
Storage and Transportation 675 45.9
Prevention and controls of land slides 2000 135.9
Conservation of Soil Erosion 500 34.0
Total 4549.90
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17.14 ISSUES: URBAN POOR
(1) No systematic approach for identification of slums. Inadequate data on
provision of basic services in the slum area. Absence of planning and
budgetary provision for provision of services to slums
(2) Scattered slums situated on the land not owned by Shimla Municipal
Corporation
(3) Lack of some or all of basic services like water, sewerage, transport,
drainage, roads, education, health
(4) Poor condition of the houses of the poor
17.15 VISION AND GOALS
“City without Slum “
Indicator 2006 2011 2016 2021
% Slums to be resettled and 0% 100% 100% 100%
rehabilitated
% of Slum covered for in-situ 0% 100% 100% 100%
upgradation
No. of Labour Hostels/Shelter Homes 5 6 7 8
17.16 STRATEGY: URBAN POOR
There is need to strengthen the urban planning process by integrating urban poor in
city planning and development process in participatory manner and evolve citywide
strategies to provide alternatives to slum formation. Strategies like making land
available to the poor at affordable prices through reservation of land for EWS
housing and ensuring the provision of housing, urban infrastructure, and transport
services on the fringes of the cities, can provide alternatives that would restrict the
formation of new slums. The strategy and interventions identified for urban poor is
as follows:
(1) Comprehensive survey for identification of slums, their assessment with
respect to tenable/untenable and provision of basic services, and
notifications of areas/buildings as slum under the H.P Slum Areas
(Improvement and Clearance) Act 1979. This database may be created using
GIS based tools. This would include preparation of list of slum dwellers,
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issue of proper identification. The survey should also assess the service level
requirement based on citizen’s need
(2) The Development of Urban Slum R&R Policy addressing affordable
housing, security of tenure, assurance of basic amenities, and community
participation. The policy should address rehabilitation of slums from
untenable areas and in-situ development of slum from tenable areas. The
slum relocation and rehabilitation schemes could be structured with private
sector participation. Wherever possible, community organizations should be
supported and allowed to play an active role in preparing and executing plans
for slum upgradation/redevelopment
(3) Relocation, resettlement and rehabilitation of urban slums in untenable areas
by providing the housing at new location at affordable cost. These houses
should be constructed with basic amenities and other basic necessary services
should be available in locality.
(4) In some cases, the land on which the poor people have been staying belongs
to Municipal Corporation and it is possible to upgrade the existing houses of
the poor, in-situ upgradation should be done. In in-situ upgradation, the old
and dilapidated houses should be rehabilitated/reconstructed either at
reasonable cost or free depending upon the economic condition and
provision of all basic amenities likes water supply, public toilet (in case of
constraint of space), sanitation and electricity should be made. Management
of community toilets should be with participation from community and
NGO. SMC shall undertake reform related to internal earmarking for budget
for basic services to the urban poor
(5) Establishment of night shelters/hostels for migrant laborers and working
women, destitute children homes. For the poor labours, existing labour
hostels should be upgraded and few new labour hostels should be
constructed. New hostels should be constructed for the poor working
women and homeless children.
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17.17 SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
(Rs. Lakhs)
S.N. Projects Project Investment Schedule
Cost 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1 R&R for the Project
Affected People 22000 3650 3650 3750 3650 3650 3650
2 R&R of slums to new
location 30000 - - 10000 20000 - -
3 In-situ upgradation of
Slums 10000 - 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
4 Construction of
Labour Hostels 250 - - 250 - - -
5 Construction of
working women
hostel 250 - - 250 - - -
6 Studies (Social
Assessment and
Preparation of R&R
Policy; DPR for
R&R) 200 100 100 - - - -
Total 62700 3750 5650 16250 25650 5650 5650
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17.18 PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS
Project Title: Resettlement and Rehabilitation of Slums from Untenable Areas
Project Description: The slums from untenable areas are proposed to be resettled and
rehabilitated at new location. GoHP has identified the site for their relocation. The project
shall include
Acquisition of land
Land development
Provision of infrastructure and external connectivity
Construction of tenements for urban poor family
Evacuation from existing site and relocation to new housing
Rehabilitation of existing site
Project Benefits:
Provision of safe housing with tenure security to urban poor
Improvement in living conditions of urban poor
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 300 Crores (excluding land acquisition cost)
Revenue Sources : maintenance charges and user fees
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by GoHP through private
sector (either EPC/ BOT) and slum dweller participation
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by the GoHP using funds to raised
through grant under JNNURM and loan with affordable contribution from beneficiaries
cross subsidized through part of real estate development on commercial format; O&M
Cost to be recovered from maintenance charges and user fee
Time Frame: Project Development Time Frame 2007-2008; Implementation Time
Frame 2009-2010
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and Private Sector
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of DPR
The project would require prior environmental clearance from state EIA
Authority. The
Project development for selection of private sector partner
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Development of R&R policy for urban slums
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: In-situ Upgradation of Slums in Tenable Areas
Project Description: The slums from tenable area are proposed to be upgraded at same
site. Te upgradation may include redevelopment of slum
Provision of basic services to slum
Construction of tenements for urban poor family
Project Benefits:
Improvement in living conditions of slums
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 100 Crores
Revenue Sources : User Charges for water and public toilets
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by SMC
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by SMC using funds to be raised
through grant and loan. O&M cost to be recovered from user charges
Time Frame: Project Development Time Frame : 2007 ; Implementation Time Frame
2008-2012
Institutional Responsibility: SMC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of Detailed Project Report
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Internal earmarking of budgets for basic services to urban poor
Additional Studies:
Assessment of basic services in each slum pockets and preparation of DPR
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Project Title: Construction of Labour Hostel
Project Description: The construction of labour hostel/shelter homes is proposed for
migrant labours in Shimla
Project Benefits:
Provision of night shelter to migrant labours
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 250 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Rentals
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by SMC
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by SMC using funds to be raised
through grant under JNNURM and loan. O&M cost to be recovered from rentals
Time Frame: Project Development : 2008 Implementation :2009
Institutional Responsibility: SMC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
DPR for the project
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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Project Title: Construction of Working Women Hostel
Project Description: A women hostel along the crèche is proposed in order to create
residential facility providing safe and secure environment for women workforce
Project Benefits:
Safe and secure working environment for women workforce
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 250 lakhs
Revenue Sources : Rentals
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by SMC
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by SMC using funds to be raised
through grant under JNNURM and loan. O&M cost to be recovered from rentals
Time Frame: Project Development : 2008 Implementation :2009
Institutional Responsibility: SMC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation:
DPR for the project
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
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18 OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES
18.1 POWER
State of Himachal Pradesh is power surplus state in India because of its vast
potential of hydroelectric power. The power generation, transmission and supply is
responsibility of HP State Electricity Board (HPSEB). GoHP is also exploring vast
hydroelectric potential of the State through private sector participation.
Table 18.1 Snapshot of Power Infrastructure in Shimla
Description Details
Length of 33 KV Line 24.8 km
33 KV Substations 4
Length of 15/11/2.2 KV lines12 752.61 km
Length of LT lines 1243.5
No. of Transformers 617
Number of Consumers 89001
No. of Consumers with Electronic M. 21535
Total Connected Load 375.72 MW
Peak Load (Summer) 53
Peak Load (Winter) 66
T&D Losses 47.95 MU (15%)
The quality of power supply is not only dependent on power availability but also on
distribution infrastructure of the City. Shimla being an administrative and service
center, majority of electric supply amounting to more than 82% accounts for
domestic and balance for commercial. The salient features of power infrastructure of
Shimla is presented in Table 18.1.
12
The HT line accounts for only 2.87% of total electric installations due to absence of heavy industries in SPA
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Category Wise Consumers
Industrial Bulk Agriculture
1.04% 0.02% 0.40%
P/Light
Commercial 0.07%
10.07%
Domestic
88.40%
Figure 18.1 Details of Power Consumption
Table 18.2 Demand and Supply during Peak Time
S.N. Year Season Demand (MW) Supply (MW)
Summer 29 29
1 2003-04
Winter 40 40
Summer 33 33
2 2004-05
Winter 44 44
Summer 35 35
3 2005-06
Winter 46 46
Power Demand Projections
250.00
200.00
Demand in MW
192.15
150.00
119.31
100.00
74.08
50.00 46.00
-
2006 2011 2016 2021
Year
Figure 18.2 Projection of Power Demand
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18.2 E-GOVERNANCE
GoHP has taken several initiatives to implement e-Governance systems and
procedures with the intention of improving service delivery and bringing out
transparency in its functioning. The key initiatives under this area of reform are as
under
(1) State has formulated IT Policy and SWAN implementation is under progress.
Local Area Network has been established in HP Secretariat. Majority of
Departments including Shimla Municipal Corporation have their websites
(2) Himbhoomi: Himbhoomi Land Records Software Application has been
developed by NIC. The data entry process of 104 Tehsils/Sub Tehsils is in
progress while 52 Tehsils have completed computerization process and
started issuing computerized copies of land records
(3) HimRIS: HimRIS Application developed by NIC is being used to register
property documents. The total time taken in registering a document has
reduced to less than 30 minutes. Prior to computerization, the registration
process used to take between 2 to 7 days
(4) VAHAN and SARATHI: VAHAN and SARATHI applications developed
by NIC are being used for issuance of computerized driving licenses,
registration of vehicle, transfer of ownership, issuance of NOC, permits,
taxes and traffic checking and challans
(5) e- Praman: e-Praman is a certificate issuance system The project has been
implemented by State NIC and Department of IT. The system delivers
certificates (bona fide certificate, rural area certificate, indigent certificate etc.)
that are issued by the District Administration
It is recommended that e-governance cell established in SMC for implementation of
e-governance agenda should be strengthened. The effective e-governance agenda
would also require business process reengineering. The list of services to be covered
through e-governance would include:
Forms Registration of Birth and Death
Public Grievance Redressal
Computerization of Property Tax
Municipal Accounting System
e-Procurement with availability of tender documents on web site
Billing Systems for property tax, utility bills
Forms for building approvals
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18.3 HEALTH AND EDUCATION
GoHP through Department of Health and Family Welfare and Department of
Education is responsible for provision of medical and educational infrastructure.
Major health and education facilities in the State are only in Shimla, which cater to
almost entire state population. The health and education infrastructure status in
Shimla is highlighted in Table 18.3.
In order to promote healthcare in Shimla, SMC shall provide following facilitating
services
Supply of clean and safe drinking water and sanitation facilities for maintaining
hygienic conditions;
Control of mosquito breeding;
Control of stray dogs; and
Regulation of hotels and roadside food vendors
GoHP should encourage public private partnership in primary education for
maintenance of buildings and infrastructure. It should take strong steps to ensure the
quality of education in schools through standardization and performance incentives.
Table 18.3 Snapshot of Health and Education Infrastructure in Shimla
HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE
No. of Hospitals 7
No. of Primary Health Centres 3
No. of Dispensaries 21
No. of Beds in Govt Hospitals 1021
No. of Doctors 343
No. of Private Hospitals 3
No. of Beds in Private Hospitals 155
EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE
No. of Aganwadis 14
No. of Primary Schools 63
No. of Middle Schools 7
No. of High Schools 9
No. of Secondary Schools 7
No. of Colleges 7
ITI and Polytechnics 1
Source: Economic and Statistics Department, 2002
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19 FINANCIAL PROFILE
19.1 INTRODUCTION
Shimla Municipal Corporation uses cash-based, single entry accounting system where
income and expenditure heads are maintained on daily basis. The financial status of
the Municipal Corporation has been reviewed for past five years. This section
contains a description of the corporation finances, the sources and uses of funds,
assessment of Corporation Finances based on important financial indicators. All the
expenses towards regular maintenance are treated as revenue expenses, while
expenses on new projects are treated as capital expenses.
SMC proposes to implement an accrual based double entry accounting system and
generate the balance sheet by March 31, 2007.
Broadly, municipal finances can be classified into Revenue Account and Capital
Account. All the day to day income and expenditure are under the Revenue Account
and similarly one time expenditure and expenditure on infrastructure development
are considered under the Capital Account.
Municipal
Finances
Revenue Capital
Account Account
Revenue Revenue Capital Capital
Income Expenditure Income Expenditure
• Tax • Establishment • Share of Land
• Development of
• Non – Tax • Contingencies • Loans
Infrastructure
• Grants • Maintenance • Grants
Figure 19.1 Structure of Municipal Finances
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19.2 REVENUE SOURCES
The income of SMC is derived from
(a) Revenue Receipts like Tax Revenue, Non- Tax Revenue and Octroi Grant
Tax revenues are receipts from the operations of the Corporation in the
form of property taxes, sewerage taxes, water taxes, Show Tax, Animal
Tax, Stamp duty and other misc. taxes levied by SMC.
Non-Tax revenue comes in the form of various license fees, tehbazari
fees and various unclassified sources
Octroi Grant is the grant given by HP State Government in lieu of octroi
since the abolition of octroi in the city
(b) Capital Receipts includes sale of municipal properties, other grants from the
State and Central Governments, loans taken for the projects
19.3 EXPENDITURE TREATMENT
Expenses incurred towards establishment cost, operation and maintenance
expenditure for provision of services and repayment of loans are treated as revenue
expenditure and expenditure on asset creation, purchase of equipment and
investments in new projects etc. are treated as capital expenditure.
Advances and deposits and any items of income or expenditure of temporary nature
are treated and accounted for under suspense account. These heads of this suspense
account are not analyzed as they are transitory in nature and have no impact on the
overall financial position of SMC.
19.4 FINANCIAL STATUS AT A GLANCE
The income and expenditure pattern of SMC for last five years as presented in
Figure 19.2 shows deficits in almost all the years analyzed. Total expenditure is
always higher than the total income in all the years analyzed except 2001-01. Since
the Municipal Accounting System is cash based, it does not reflect the arrears
/liabilities, but we have considered these major expenses while analyzing the
financials. Table 19.1 shows summary of municipal finances over five years. The
revenue account and capital account are in deficit for all the years analyzed except
2002-03 where capital account doesn’t show deficit.
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3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Total Income Total Expenditure
Figure 19.2 Income Expenditure Details of Shimla Municipal Corporation
Table 19.1 Summaries of Municipal Finances
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Items Actuals in Lakhs Rs. CAGR
Opening Balance 194.04 257.88 173.89 204.32 256.95 (%)
Revenue Account
Revenue Income 1274.76 1037.45 1288.58 1938.61 1973.97 11.55%
Revenue Expenditure 1706.97 1816.03 1829.2 2027.98 2355.26 8.38%
Surplus/Deficit -432.21 -778.58 -540.62 -89.37 -381.29
Capital Account
Capital Income 21.08 46.99 59.07 151.63 204.7 76.53%
Capital Expenditure 60.74 41.2 184.72 234.77 226.2 38.92%
Surplus/Deficit -39.66 5.79 -125.65 -83.14 -21.5
Source: SMC Accounts Department
The Revenue Income increases at Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of
11.55 % while the Revenue Expenditure is increasing at CAGR of around 8.38 %
which shows that the Corporation has not been able to manage its revenue accounts
well over the years. Even Capital Account has deficit almost all the years. The deficit
in one or the other account for all the years shows that SMC needs to improve the
efficiency, enhance revenue sources and reduce expenditure.
Next few sections provide an in-depth review of the revenue account, in order to
assess the municipal fiscal status and to provide a base for determining the potential
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of each of the sources and the ability of SMC to sustain the extent of planned
investments identified under the City Development Plan.
19.5 REVENUE ACCOUNT
19.5.1 Revenue Income
The source-wise income generated during the review period is presented in Table
19.2 and the detailed income and expenditure statement, the sectoral contribution
and growth rates of each of the items are presented in Annexure 23.8. From the
above chart it quiet apparent that the share of Non-Tax revenues is increasing
over the years and dependency on the Octroi Grant has been reducing over the
five year period analyzed. From Table 19.2, we can figure it out that the No-Tax
Revenues are increasing at a CAGR of 22% while the Octroi Grant is decreasing
at a CAGR of 4.27 %.
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Tax Revenue Non Tax Revenue Octroi Grant
Figure 19.3 Details of Revenue Income
Table 19.2 Source-wise Revenue Account Income
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 CAGR
Items
Actuals in Lakhs Rs. (%)
Tax Revenue 375.25 393.58 409.43 644.13 593.22 12.13%
Non Tax Revenue 440.5 402.47 605.48 875.94 995.23 22.60%
Octroi Grant 459.01 241.4 273.67 418.54 385.52 -4.27%
Total Revenue
Income 1274.76 1037.45 1288.58 1938.61 1973.97 11.55%
Source: SMC Accounts Department
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19.5.1.1 Tax Revenue:
Tax revenues are receipts from the operations of the Corporation in the
form of property taxes, water tax, sewerage taxes, Show Tax, Animal Tax,
Stamp duty and other misc. taxes levied by SMC. On an average 30% of
the total revenue income comes from Tax revenue as shown in the graph
above. General tax (tax levied on the commercial and residential
properties) is the major tax revenue of the Corporation. In addition to the
General Property Tax, Municipal Corporation Levies additional taxes listed
in Table 19.3.
Table 19.3 Various Taxes Levied by SMC and its rates
SN Type of Tax Rate
General/ Property Tax on
1 15% of the Annual Rateable Value
lands and Buildings
2 Water Tax 2.5%of the annual readable value
3 Sewerage Tax 15% on the amount of General Tax
4 Show Tax Rs. 50 per Show
Property Tax: The property related taxes are commonly referred as house
tax and include a tax on building or lands situated within municipal limits.
SMC levies property tax on residential, commercial and industrial buildings
and lands that lie within its jurisdiction. The rules and procedures related to
levy of property tax is governed by SMC HP Municipal Corporation Act
1994.
The property tax is based on the annual rateable value of the property. The
tax slab rates are shown in Table 19.4.
Table 19.4 Tax Slab Details
Area Tariff (%of Annual
S. N (in Sq.m.) Rateable Value) Type Discount
1 < 100 Exempt Residential 0.00
50 % on net
2 > 100 15.0% Residential
tax Amount
3 >0 15.0% Commercial 0.00
The details of the number of commercial and residential properties, tax
assessed, arrears and collection efficiency are show in Table 17.5.
The collection efficiency of the SMC is very low; almost 60 to 72 % of the
billed amount is collected during that year. The highest collection efficiency
was in 2004-05 where 72 % of the current demand and 33 % of the arrears
were collected.
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Sewerage tax is levied on the general tax amount. It is around 15 % of the
general tax amount. The amount collected through sewerage tax is low
compared to general property tax.
Table 19.5 Property and Sewerage Tax data
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Year
Actuals in Lakhs Rs.
Type of
Tax No. of residential buildings NA NA NA NA 9762
No. of commercial
NA NA NA NA 700
buildings
Current Demand( Tax
406.8 430.48 454.04 487.89 514.9
assessed)
Previous Demand 392.43 456.62 518.21 604.36 559.98
Property
Total Demand 799.23 887.1 972.25 1092.25 1074.88
Tax
Collection Total 294.8 322.57 331.19 486.4 466.32
Collection Efficiency
36.9% 36.4% 34.1% 44.5% 43.4%
(Total)
Current Demand( Tax
33.2 35.25 38.45 41.93 45.48
assessed)
Previous Demand 9.07 17.42 24.57 33.37 33.08
Sewerage
Total Demand 42.27 52.67 63.02 75.3 78.56
Tax
Collection Total 20.83 23.69 26.61 36.28 35.47
Collection Efficiency
49.3% 45.0% 42.2% 48.2% 45.2%
(Total)
19.5.1.2 Non-Tax Income:
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Rent of Buildings Sale of water Other Fees and Revenues
Figure 19.4 Details of Non-Tax Income
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Non-Tax Income is around 45 % of the total Income of SMC for last year
and on a five year average it is around 41 % of the total Income. These
revenue sources include fees and charges levied as per the legislation.
Accordingly the income sources have been classified under the broad
categories like water charges, rent of buildings, various license fees, forest
income, tehbazari fee, other fees and various unclassified receipts.
Major heads of non-tax income are shown in Table 19.6 along with CAGR
details.
Table 19.6 Non-tax Income details
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 CAGR
Items
Actuals in Lakhs Rs. (%)
Rent of
Buildings 91.37 101.84 112.45 145.64 193.74 20.67%
Sale of water 159.52 171.95 337.82 467.12 565.93 37.24%
Other Fees and
Revenues 189.61 128.68 155.21 263.18 235.56 5.57%
Total Non-
Tax Income 440.5 402.47 605.48 875.94 995.23 22.60%
We have considered water charges as non-tax revenue. Water charges are
biggest contributor in non-tax revenue and second largest income source
for SMC after general tax. Water income is around 20% of the total income
while general tax income is around 24% of total income. Water charges are
levied where the properties are metered. The details of the water slabs are
shown in Table 19.7.
Table 19.7 Water Charges
Usage 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Kilo Charges(Rs. per Kilo litre)
Type of User
Liter per
upto After upto After
month
06.10.03 06.10.03 06.10.04 06.10.04 Till date
0-30 2.5 3.5 3.5 3.85 3.85
Residential 30-75 2.5 5 5 5.5 5.5
>75 2.5 7.5 7.5 8.25 8.25
0-30 10.5 15 15 16.5 16.5
Commercial 30-75 10.5 20 20 22 22
>75 10.5 27.5 27.5 30.25 30.25
Construction >0 NA NA NA 30.25 30.25
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19.5.1.3 Octroi Grant:
The Octroi Grant is given by the state government in lieu of the octroi. It
has been came in to existence since 1984 when the State Government
decided to discontinue the octroi levied in the Shimla City and for
compensation of the same the State Government will give a fixed amount
to SMC . Even after various amendments and continuous request from
SMC, the state Government increased this grant time to time, still the state
Government is not paying it in full to SMC the total outstanding has
reached to a very high level. Table 19.8 shows the grant received from State
Government, apparently shows the irregularity of the payment from State
Government.
Table 19.8 Octroi Grant
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 CAGR
Items
Actuals in Lakhs Rs. (%)
Octroi Grant 459.01 241.4 273.67 418.54 385.52 -4.27%
19.5.2 Revenue Expenditure
Revenue expenditure has been analyzed based on the expenditure heads, which
are broadly classified into establishment expenses, contingencies and maintenance
expenditure. Apparently major expenses are Establishment and Other Expenses.
Over the period share of Establishment expenses in total expenditure has
decreased and share of other expenses has been increased sharply. Summary of
revenue expenditure account is shown in Table 19.9.
Table 19.9 Summary of the revenue Expenditure
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 CAGR
Items
Actuals in Lakhs Rs. (%)
Establishment 956.59 1053.58 1098.56 1132.76 1272.95 7.40%
Contingencies 114.17 122.3 103.75 140.5 143.67 5.91%
Maintenance 109.16 125.43 39.53 297.33 123.83 3.20%
Other Expenses 527.05 514.72 587.36 457.39 814.81 16.55%
Total Revenue
1706.97 1816.03 1829.2 2027.98 2355.26 18.9%
Expenditure
As we can see from Table 19.9, the highest amount was spent on establishment
expenses. More than 50 % of the total expenses are on establishment and in
particular on salaries of various departments. And almost 33 % of the expenditure
is on other expenses.
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19.5.2.1 Establishment Expenditure:
The establishment expenditure has increased from 959 lakhs in 2001 to
1272 lakhs in 2006 with a CAGR of around 7 %. Department wise details
of the Establishment expenses are shown in Table 19.10.
Table 19.10 Department wise Establishment Expenses
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 CAGR
Items
Actuals in Lakhs Rs. (%)
Salary
General Dept 98.62 111.7 112.05 123.43 142.63 9.66%
Tax Dept 31.53 31.19 34.73 35.55 43.41 8.32%
Estate Branch 21.86 26.77 26.42 22.46 29.57 7.85%
Forest Dept 40.2 43.73 51.35 55.54 62.27 11.56%
Library 0.2 0.22 0.12 0.12 0.12 -11.99%
Public Health 422.02 454.48 463.18 514.51 574.17 8.00%
Water Supply 150.53 175.48 183.11 189.36 209.38 8.60%
Roads and
buildings 157.27 173.02 187.37 191.79 211.4 7.67%
9-c Grant 34.36 36.99 40.23 0 0
Total
Establishment
Expenses 956.59 1053.58 1098.56 1132.76 1272.95 7.40%
It is quiet apparent from Table 19.9 that the highest salary expenses are
from the Public Health department, followed by Roads and Buildings and
Water Supply departments.
19.5.2.2 Contingencies Expenditure
The Contingencies expenditure has increased from 114 lakhs in 2001 to
143 lakhs in 2006 with a CAGR of around 6 %. Department wise details of
the contingencies expenses are shown in Table 19.11.
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Table 19.11 Department wise Contingencies Expenses
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 CAGR
Items
Actuals in Lakhs Rs. (%)
General Dept 36.3 42.54 28.49 41.35 51.48 9.13%
Tax Dept 0.38 9.99 5.76 1.99 1.47 40.24%
Estate 2.7 1.75 1.76 1.06 0.87 -24.66%
Forest Dept 4.2 2.24 3.16 2.87 1.88 -18.20%
Library 0.23 0.29 0.28 0.16 0.07 -25.73%
Public Health 39.47 27.39 32.58 49.73 41.31 1.15%
Water Supply 27.87 35.65 29.13 39.48 43.41 11.72%
Roads and
2.38 2.45 2.59 3.86 3.18 7.51%
buildings
Reserve 0.64 0 0 0 0
Total
Contingencies 114.17 122.3 103.75 140.5 143.67 5.91%
Expenses
The highest expenses are incurred in Public Health department followed by
General Department.
19.5.2.3 Maintenance Expenses:
The Maintenance expenditure has increased from 109 lakhs in 2001 to 124
lakhs in 2006 with a CAGR of around 3 %. Department wise details of the
contingencies expenses are shown in Table 19.12.
Table 19.12 Details of the Maintenance Expenses
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 CAGR
Items
Actuals in Lakhs Rs. (%)
Roads & Buildings 90.98 97.08 6.96 259.56 89.86 -0.31%
Water Supply 17.35 26.07 30.98 36.23 32.8 17.26%
Forest Dept 0.83 2.28 1.59 1.54 1.17 8.96%
Total
Maintenance 109.16 125.43 39.53 297.33 123.83 3.20%
Expenses
The highest amount was spent on maintenance of roads and buildings.
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19.5.2.4 Other Expenses:
Other Expenses are expenses that are incurred but not paid and therefore
not reflected in the cash based system. In order to include these expenses
in financial analysis of the Municipal Corporation, we have considered only
two major heads or major liabilities, which have not been paid i.e. expenses
towards the purchase of bulk water from I&PH department and expenses
towards consumption of electricity for street lights and other purposes due
to HPSEB. Bulk water is a huge expenses and increasing at a CAGR of 30
%, which is fairly high. On the other hand the electricity dues are going
down that is a positive sign.
Table 19.13 Details of the Other Expenses
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 CAGR
Items Actuals in Lakhs Rs. (%)
Amount due to
IP&H for water 399.86 340.21 473.24 407.25 752.4 23.46%
Amount due to -
HPSEB for power 127.19 174.51 114.12 50.14 62.41 21.13%
Total Other
Expenses 527.05 514.72 587.36 457.39 814.81 11.51%
19.6 CAPITAL ACCOUNT
19.6.1 Capital Income
Capital Account Income is income generated from the sale of municipal assets,
loans from various institutions and grants given by state and central government
for particular purpose. SMC doesn’t have the capacity to repay the loan; it has not
taken any kind of loan from any of the institutions. Moreover there is no grant for
any purpose from state or central governments. Therefore the sole constituent of
the Capital Account is sale of municipal assets and it has increased from 21.08
lakhs to 204.7 lakhs with a massive CAGR of 76.53%. It shows that SMC has
been heavily dependent on the disposing of its own properties for capital
expansion, which is not sustainable for a long term. Table19.14 shows year-wise
details of capital income along with the CAGR.
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Table 19.14 Details of the Capital Income
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 CAGR
Items
Actuals in Lakhs Rs. (%)
Sale of Municipal
21.08 46.99 59.07 151.63 204.7 76.53%
Assets
Loans 0 0 0 0 0
Grants 0 0 0 0 0
Total Capital
21.08 46.99 59.07 151.63 204.7 76.53%
Income
19.6.2 Capital Expenditure
Capital expenditure are normally contingent upon receipt of associated revenue.
The capital expenditure of SMC includes all expenditure incurred on creation/
acquisition of capital including construction of building, roads, nallahs, toilets,
street lights and other related activities. The details of capital expenditure are
shown in Table 19.15.
Table 19.15 Details of the Capital Expenses
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 %of Total
Items
Actuals in Lakhs Rs. Expenses
Buildings 45.45 24.08 40.88 33.59 3.94 2.1%
Roads 0 0 120.3 155.82 193.18 5.6%
Forest Works 1.98 1.71 2.37 2.38 1.09 0.1%
Nallahs 0.03 0.54 1.97 5.5 2.3 0.1%
Toilets 10.09 4.2 8.87 8.02 11.12 0.6%
Street Lights 0 3.98 3.47 9.22 9.77 0.3%
Water Works 3.19 6.69 6.86 20.24 4.8 0.5%
Total Capital
Expenditure 60.74 41.2 184.72 234.77 226.2 9.3%
It is observed that the maximum expenditure incurred on construction of the
roads. Total capital expenditure is around 9 % of the total expenditure. On an
average, over the years, majority of the capital expenditure has been directed
towards Buildings and Roads.
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19.7 OUTSTANDING LIABILITIES AND ASSETS
Outstanding assets and liabilities are shown in Table 19.16. Here we can see that
total outstanding liabilities are Rs.2352 lakhs out of which SMC has to pay around
1874 lakhs to IP&H.
Table 19.16 Major outstanding
Liabilities
Major Outstanding as on March 31,
S N. Agency
2006 ( in Lakhs Rs.)
1 IP&H 1874.09
2 HPSEB 404.10
3 Pension & Gratuity Fund 67.61
4 Language and Culture Department 6.29
Total 2352.09
Assets
Major Outstanding as on March 31,
S N. Agency
2006 ( in Lakhs Rs.)
1 State Government 1325.62
2 Various Taxes (To be collected) 608.56
Total 1934.18
The reason behind this mammoth outstanding is the difference between the charges
levied to the citizens by SMC and charges levied by IP&H to SMC. Year on year
details of the outstanding are given in Table 19.17.
Table 19.17 Year wise major outstanding
Item 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Total
Outstanding Amount
Payable to SMC by State
Government 53.85 287.76 346.89 264.01 365.38 1317.89
Outstanding Amount
Payable by SMC to IP&H 1547.55 1887.76 714.44 1121.69 1874.09 1874.09
Outstanding Amount
Payable by SMC to
HPSEB 632.27 806.78 291.55 341.69 404.1 404.1
The outstanding payable by SMC to IP&H and HPSEB has been increasing due to
inability of SMC to pay the amount. In 2003 State Government paid 1646.56 lakhs to
IP&H and 623.35 to HPSEB on behalf of SMC in 2003.
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19.8 KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS
Table 19.18 Key financial Indicators
Value
Average
SN Indicator Unit or as on
Min Max 31st
March,
2006
A Resource Mobilization
1 Per Capita Income Rupees 1134.5
2 Share of Taxes 27.2% 36.3% 30.7%
3 Share of Non-Taxes 34.0% 45.8% 40.9%
4 Share of Octroi Grant 17.7% 35.4% 23.1%
5 Share of Capital Income 1.6% 9.4% 5.4%
B Expenditure Management
1 Per Capita Expenses Rupees 1353.6
2 Share of Establishment 49.3% 56.7% 53.0%
3 Share of contingencies 5.2% 6.6% 6.0%
4 Share of Maintenance 2.0% 13.1% 6.6%
5 Share of Other Expenses 20.2% 31.6% 27.7%
5 Share of Capital Expenditure 2.2% 10.4% 6.8%
C Performance
Operation Ratio 1.2
Capital Utilization Ratio 1.1
D Efficiency
1 Property Tax
Collection Performance 34.1% 44.5% 39.0%
PT Arrears as % of Total
49.1% 55.3% 52.3%
Demand
2 Sewerage Tax
Collection Performance 42.2% 48.2% 46.0%
PT Arrears as % of Total
21.5% 44.3% 36.0%
Demand
3 Water Supply
Collection Performance 67.7% 72.9% 69.6%
Water Charges Arrears as % of
22.8% 25.1% 23.8%
Total Demand
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19.9 KEY ISSUES
The current cash based accounting system and its financial reporting by the SMC
is unable to show their true financial performance and position. The double
entry based accounting system to be implemented as a part of reform process
under JNNURM will overcome this issue
High subsidy on water: The Corporation is supplying the water at Rs.3.85 per
Kilo litre for domestic and Rs. 30.25 per Kilo litre for commercial while
procuring the treated water from IP&H at Rs. 8 per Kilo litre. With heavy
subsidy on water supply SMC is not able to recover its procurement and O&M
costs
The Energy bills towards HPSEB is increasing due to the interest levied by
HPSEB to MC on the previous due amount. SMC has been paying the electricity
charges regularly without any interest payments
The collection efficiency is low in case of the property tax. SMC has been able to
collect maximum 70 % of the billed amount for the current years and 45 % of
the total amount if total arrears are considered.
Due to recent merger or SADA area into Shimla Municipal Corporation, SMC
shall be providing all the basic services to the residents of these areas without
having income from property tax from these areas, which will increase the
burden on municipal finances
No diligence on the project viability, user-charge recovery for capital
expenditure
19.10 VISION AND STRATEGY
The strategy for improving the financial positions of the Shimla Municipal
Corporation is based on reduction in the cost and revenue enhancement
Reduction in cost
o Improvement in Efficiency
Improvement in efficiency in service deliveries will lead to the reduction of
costs. Computerization, e-governance, redeployment of staff redundant staff
and implementation of other reform agenda is expected to improve the
efficiency
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o Outsourcing
Outsourcing and involvement of private sector, which can bring not only
efficiency in service delivery but also professional management practices
should be encouraged
Revenue enhancement
o Implementation of unit area assessment for property tax
The implementation of unit area method for property tax assessment reform
is expected to widen the base and eventually increase the revenue in long run
o Revision in water charges in order to recover at least O&M cost
Proposed last two revisions in water charges are pending. It is recommended
that the two pending revision be carried out. It is recommended that the water
charges be revised to recover 50% of the O&M charges as prescribed in the
JNNURM guidelines
o Improvement in collection efficiency
Collection efficiency of SMC is almost 65% of the billed amount of property
tax for current year and around 45 % if arrears are considered. It is
recommended that automation in billing and collection should be
implemented. Also, involvement of private sector in collection system be
encouraged
o Enforcement of sewerage charges
SMC has notified sewerage charges, which is 50% of the water charges.
However it are not being charged and collected. It is recommended that the
notification be enforced in true spirit
o Enforcement of other taxes
SMC should increase revenues by enforcement of various other taxes like
professional tax; moreover increase in various other tax rates wherever
possible will improve the revenues of Municipal Corporation
o Collection of taxes in SADA areas after two years
Currently, property tax in not levied to SADA areas. It is recommended that
these areas should also brought under the property tax in order to enhance
the revenues
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o Conservancy fee on all hotels
Shimla being a tourist center and more of weekend tourism, the sector is
putting more stress on the infrastructure without significantly contributing to
economy. Conservancy tax may be levied on tourists collected through hotels
o Levy of Green fees and its sharing
It is recommended that green fee on line with Manali may be levied on
vehicles entering Shimla with appropriate sharing between SMC and GoHP
o Leverage the SMC owned properties to enhance the revenues
SMC owns large number properties in Shimla Planning Area. It is
recommended that SMC should leverage these properties in order to enhance
the revenue
Mobilization of resources
The major source of funding for mobilization of resources by SMC may
include:
Internal resources of SMC raised through leveraging of SMC
property
State grant
Loan from Banks and Financial Institutions
The raising resources from financial institutions and capital market would
require implementation of reform agenda on fast track and implementation of
following facilitating actions
Credit rating of the SMC
Setting up Urban Development Fund for leveraging grants received
from GoI and GoHP under JNNURM
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20 REFORM AGENDA STATUS
20.1 INTRODUCTION
JNNURM is reform driven scheme prescribes the manadatory and optional reforms
for ULB and State Government. This chapter presents the status of reforms
prescribed under JNNURM. Based on the current status of reform agenda, SMC and
GoHP has proposed to implement the reform agenda as delineated in the reform
implementation plan appended separately.
20.2 ADOPTION OF MODERN ACCRUAL BASED DOUBLE ENTRY ACCOUNT SYSTEM
The accounting method used by SMC was setup by the British Government in 1814
and it has been used since then. It is a cash based single entry accounting system and
done in a primitive way. The Shimla Municipal Corporation has now appointed a
consultant for implementation of double accounting methods. The system shall be in
place by beginning of next financial year. All the official working of all accounts
under this system are going to be computerized.
20.3 INTRODUCTION OF E-GOVERNANCE SYSTEM
SMC has take several steps towards the implementation of e-Governance system
with the intention of improved service delivery and bringing about the transparency.
The key initiatives under this reform are:
20.3.1 Launch of website
SMC has launched its website www.shimlamc.org and it contains Acts and By
laws of MC, downloadable forms, helpline, information about citizen services,
heritage list of the town, RTI related information related to EOIs and tenders has
been loaded.
20.3.2 Computerization and networking of all the departments
Working of all the departments of SMC is also being computerized. All the
departments have already been brought on LAN. The customization of the
modules provided by Microsoft is in progress. SMC is likely to switch over to
complete computerization by beginning of next financial year. In Phase III, MC is
planning to provide online services to the citizens and its also planning to give a
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unique identification number to each house hold and with the help of that one
can access all the information.
20.3.3 Computerization of billing of property tax and water charges
Municipal Corporation has planned to computerize billing of property tax and
billing charges, which will increase the transparency and collection efficiency.
20.3.4 Other online services
Municipal Corporation has planned to online various services like application
filing and payments for various services.
20.3.5 GIS based Infrastructure Information System
The corporation is planning to have GIS Survey for the entire Shimla Planning
Area for better planning and use it for the property tax collection and the house
has approved it.
20.3.6 Public Grievance Redressal System
Public grievance redressal system has been incorporated under E-Governance.
20.4 PROPERTY TAX REFORM
The method to calculate the tax of the property is based on Annual Rental Value
method which has its own set of problems. It is the most outmoded method having
may loopholes. Shimla Municipal Corporation is envisaging to implement Unit Area
Method which is based Delhi model.
20.5 BY LAWS
SMC has modified the bylaws and are put up to the house for the approval. All the
functions of Schedule 12 of 74th CAA have been transferred to SMC except Fire
Services.
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Table 20.1 Status of Mandatory Reforms for ULB
Mandatory Reforms (ULB) Status
Adoption of modern, accrual-based double entry system of
Under Process
accounting
Introduction of system of e-governance using IT applications
Under Process
like, GIS and MIS for various services
Reform of property tax with GIS and arrangements for its
effective implementation to increase collection efficiency to 85% Under Process
at least within next seven years
Shall be implemented as per
Levy of reasonable user charges to recover atleast 50% of
Reform Implementation
operation & maintenance charges initially.
Plan proposed separately
Shall be implemented as per
Internal earmarking within local body, budgets for basic services
Reform Implementation
to the urban poor
Plan proposed separately
Provision of basic services to urban poor including security of
tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, Presently basic services are
sanitation and ensuing delivery of other already existing universal provided; gaps in services
services of the Government for education, health and social shall be provided
security
Table 20.2 Status of Mandatory Reforms for State
Mandatory Reforms (State Level Reforms) Status
Implementation of decentralization measures as envisaged in
Implemented
74th CAA
Repeal of Urban Land Ceiling and Regulation Act. ULCRA not enacted
Reform of Rent Control Laws balancing the interests of
Shall be implemented
landlords and tenants
Presently the Stamp-Duty is
Rationalisation of Stamp Duty to bring it down to no more than 8%. Shall be implemented as
5% within next seven years per Reform Implementation
Plan
Enactment of Public Disclosure Law to ensure preparation of
medium term fiscal plan of ULBs/Parastatals and release of Under Process
quarterly performance information to all stakeholders.
Enactment of Community Participation Law to institutionalize
citizen participation and introducing the concept of Area Sabha Shall be implemented
in urban areas.
Assigning or associating elected ULBs with “city planning
function”. Transferring all special agencies that deliver civic
Implemented
services in urban areas to ULBs and creating accountability
platforms for all urban civic service providers in transition.
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Table 20.3 Status of Optional Reforms for ULB
Optional Reforms Status
Revision of bye-laws to streamline the approval process for
Implemented
construction of buildings, development of sites etc.
Simplification of legal and procedural frameworks for conversion
Shall be implemented
of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes.
Introduction of Property Title Certification System in ULBs. Not necessary
Earmarking at least 20-25% of developed land in all housing
Not existing; Shall be
projects (both Public and Private Agencies) for EWS/LIG
implemented
category with a system of cross subsidization.
Introduction of computerized process of registration of land and
Under Process
property.
Revision of bye-laws to make rain water harvesting mandatory in
Implemented
all buildings and adoption of water conservation measures.
Water reused by
downstream users for
irrigation; Not Feasible as
Bye-laws for reuse of recycled water. implementation would
require pumping and
separate distribution
system;
Administrative reforms i.e. reduction in establishment by bringing
out voluntary retirement schemes, non-filling up of posts falling
Shall be implemented
vacant due to retirement etc., and achieving specified milestones
in this regard.
Structural reforms Shall be implemented
Legal Framework HPIDB
Encouraging Public Private Partnership
existing
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21 CITY INVESTMENT PLAN
21.1 INTRODUCTION
The City Investment Plan is developed after an assessment of the existing
infrastructure and service delivery gaps and various stakeholder consultation. While
identifying the sector specific strategies and implementation actions, available
proposals and Detailed Projects Reports were reviewed. The strategies identified for
improvement in service delivery include the policies, programmes, reforms and
creation of infrastructure assets. This chapter summarises the sectoral capital
investment requirements and consolidates the overall invstment requirement for the
city.
21.2 CAVEATS FOR CITY INVESTMENT PLAN
The caveats for the city investment plan are highlighted hereunder
The cost estimation is indicative based on preliminary estimation
The project costs and its scheduling are at current prices and escalations are
not considered
The cost of land and restoration & rehabilitation of Projects Affected People
are not considered in the project cost estimated. Some projects may require
land acquisition and these costs need to be accounted while preparing the
DPR. The GoHP is eligible for financing of land acquisition cost for private
land under JNNURM
For public projects, funding is assumed based on eligible 80% grant from
GoI under JNNURM and balance 20% to be contributed by GoHP for
projects to be implemented by GoHP and its agencies and 10% each by SMC
and GoHP for projects to be implemented by SMC
The projects amenable for private sector investment like parking, tourism,
satellite township are structured on private sector financing
For projects to be structured on PPP like parking projects, the funding is
assumed based on viability gap funding with eligible 20% grant from GoI
and balance 80% investment to be brought in by the private sector. For
projects structured on BOT or its variants, 100% funding assumed from
private sector
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The project structures and implementation framework recommended are
indicative and may vary based on detailed feasibility
While structuring the project, it is assumed that the availability of
government support is critical for the project
Certain interventions/projects identified like tunnels, pedestrain staircases,
elevators etc may not strictly fall under eligible project but are critical for
survival and development of Shimla, it is suggested that MoUD take
cognizance of the special needs of the hill city
21.3 SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS WITH IDENTIFIED PROJECTS
The estimated capital investment required for the city development and providing
services to the current and future population under the SPA is around Rs. 3898
Crore. The details with sectoral contribution are shown in Table 21.1.
Table 21.1 Summary of Sectoral Investments
Total Investment
Sectoral
S. N Sector Need at Current
Contribution (%)
Prices (Rs. Lakhs)
1 Traffic & Transportation 96900.9 24.9%
2 Decongestion 4168.0 1.1%
3 Storm Water 1408.3 0.4%
4 Water Supply 65557.0 16.8%
5 Sewerage 17855.7 4.6%
6 Governance 3050.0 0.8%
7 Planning 1000.0 0.3%
8 Soid Waste 2975.0 0.8%
9 Tourism 6600.0 1.7%
10 Environment & Urban Forest 2200.0 0.6%
11 Disaster Management 2505.0 0.6%
12 Heritage 22900.0 5.9%
13 Housing 100000.0 25.7%
14 Urban Poor 62700.0 16.1%
Total 389819.8 100%
The highest allocation goes to Housing & Traffic and Transportation which
accounts for about 25% each followed by water supply and urban poor
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approximately 16 % each and addresses two most important issue of decongestion
and water scarcity of the town.
The funding sources identified for the total investment requirement of Rs. 3678
crore include GoI Grant under JNNURM, budgetary sources and loans raised by
GoHP and SMC and investments from private sector. The fund allocation proposed
is summarised in Table 21.2.
Table 21.2 Funding Sources for City Investment Plan
Agency Rs. Crore
GoI 2143.4
GoHP 525.4
SMC 28.7
Pvt. Sector 1200.7
Total 3898.2
Total outgo of funds on year on year basis is shown in Table 21.3
Table 21.3 Year wise investment need
Year Investment Need (Rs. Lakh)
2007 24349.0
2008 66432.6
2009 114834.3
2010 78631.2
2011 59267.8
2012 46305.0
Total 389819.8
21.4 SECTORWISE SOURCES OF FUNDS & IMPEMENTATION FRAMEWORK
The summary of the sectoral investments is presented in Table 21.4. The projectwise
details, funding mechanism and probable implementation framework for each sector
is presented in subsequent tables.
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Table 21.4 Summary of the Sectoral sources of funds
Total (Rs. Sources of Funds(Rs. Crore)
Sector
Crore) GoI GoHP SMC Pvt Sector
Traffic & Transportation 969.0 702.0 191.3 2.5 73.2
Decongestion 41.7 33.3 6.5 1.8 0.0
Storm Water 14.1 11.3 2.3 0.5 0.0
Water Supply 655.6 524.5 124.0 7.1 0.0
Sewerage 178.6 142.8 23.5 12.2 0.0
Governance 30.5 24.4 6.1 0.0 0.0
Planning 10.0 8.0 2.0 0.0 0.0
Soid Waste 29.8 23.8 3.3 2.6 0.0
Tourism 66.0 40.8 9.2 1.0 15.0
Environment & Urban
22.0 17.6 3.4 1.0 0.0
Forest
Disaster Management 25.1 20.0 5.0 0.0 0.0
Heritage 229.0 93.2 23.3 0.0 112.5
Housing 1000.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1000.0
Urban Poor 627.0 501.6 125.4 0.0 0.0
Total 3898.2 2143.4 525.4 28.7 1200.7
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21.4.1 Traffic & Transportation
Suggested Project Funding (Rs.Lakhs)
Implementatio Implementati Cost
Project Name
n Agency on (Rs. Pvt.
GoI GoHP SMC
Framework Lakhs) Sector
Standardization of
HPPWD EPC 5225 4180 1045 - -
Cart Road
Standardization of
SMC EPC 1516 1212.8 151.6 151.6 -
Municipal Roads
New Links HPPWD EPC 5600 4480 1120 - -
HPPWD &
HOCS Transport EPC 12660 10128 2532 - -
Department
Junction
HPPWD EPC 1500 1200 300 -
Improvements
SMC/ Private
Parking Facilities VGF 12200 2440 2440 - 7320
Sector
HPPWD &
Lifts and Escalators Transport EPC 1464 1171.2 292.8 - -
Department
Tunnels HPPWD EPC 8925 7140 1785 - -
EPC & O&M
MRTS SPV 45000 36000 9000 - -
through SPV
Bus Shelters and Transport
EPC 500 400 100 - -
Local Terminals Department
Transport
Ropeways EPC 327 261.6 65.4 - -
Department
Pedestrian Facilities SMC, HPPWD EPC 483.9 387.1 96.8 - -
Street Lighting SMC EPC 500 400 - 100 -
Technical Studies:
Master Plans and UTTA - 1000 800 200 - -
DPRs
Total 96900.9 70200.7 19128.6 251.6 7320.0
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21.4.2 Decongestion
Suggested Project Funding (Rs. Lakhs)
Implementatio Implementati Cost
Project Name
n Agency on (Rs. Pvt.
GoI GoHP SMC
Framework Lakhs) Sector
Shifting of
Commercial Activity SMC EPC 1798.5 1438.8 179.85 179.85 -
Centres
Bypasses to the City HPPWD EPC 2369.5 1895.6 473.9 - -
Total 4168.0 3334.4 653.8 179.9 -
21.4.3 Storm water
Project Funding (Rs. Lakhs)
Suggested
Implementa Cost
Project Name Implementation
tion Agency (Rs. Pvt.
Framework GoI GoHP SMC
Lakhs) Sector
Renovation of Identified
SMC EPC 413.76 331 41.376 41.376 -
Natural Drains
Renovation of Open
SMC EPC 84.5 67.6 8.45 8.45 -
Drains
Construction of roadside
drains as per drainage PWD EPC 810 648 162 - -
design
Technical Studies: Master
SMC - 100 80 20 - -
Plans and DPRs
231.82
Total 1408.26 1126.6 49.826 -
6
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21.4.4 Water Supply
Projec Funding (Rs. Lakhs)
Suggested
Implementa t Cost
Project Name Implementation
tion Agency (Rs Pvt.
Framework GoI GoHP SMC
Lakhs) Sector
Technical Studies: Master
Plans, DPRs and Energy I&PH - 500 400 100 - -
Audit Studies
Rainwater harvesting and
SMC EPC 240 192 24 24 -
water conservation
Augmentation of Water
EPC & O&M
Supply Scheme for Shimla I&PH/SPV 57954 45363 11591 - -
through SPV
City from River Pabbar
Rehabilitation of water
supply transmission and
SMC,
distribution network and EPC 6563 5251 656 656 -
I&PH/SPV
augmentation/extension
of distribution network
Water Monitoring Cell SMC, I&PH EPC 300 240 30 30 -
Total 65557 52446 12401 710 -
21.4.5 Sewerage
Project Funding (Rs. Lakhs)
Suggested
Implementa Cost
Project Name Implementatio
tion Agency (Rs. Pvt.
n Framework GoI GoHP SMC
Lakhs) Sector
Rehabilitation of the main
I&PH EPC 4899.1 3919.3 979.8 - -
sewerage network
Provision of sewerage
network for areas of
Dhalli, Tutu, New Shimla
SMC, I&PH EPC 12180.3 9744.2 1218.0 1218.0 -
and special areas of
Ghanahatti, Kufri and
Shoghi
Provision of missing links
to connect the
refurbished old sewerage I&PH EPC 576.3 461.0 115.3 - -
network with new
sewerage network.
Technical Studies: Master
I&PH - 200.0 160.0 40.0 - -
Plans and DPRs
Total 17855.7 14284.5 2353.1 1218.0 0.0
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21.4.6 Governance
Projec Funding (Rs. Lakhs)
Suggested
Implementation t Cost
Project Name Implementation
Agency (Rs.La Pvt.
Framework GoI GoHP SMC
khs) Sector
Computerization &
Establishment of SMC EPC 1000 800 200 - -
information system
Implementation of
BPR Plan & E- SMC - 1000 800 200 - -
Governance
Establishment of
UD, GoHP EPC 500 400 100 - -
training institutions
Training of SMC &
Parastatal agencies' SMC - 500 400 100 - -
staff
Business Process
Re-engineering SMC - 50 40 10 - -
Study
Total 3050 2440 610 0 0
21.4.7 Planning
Project Funding (Rs. Lakhs)
Suggested
Implementation Cost
Project Name Implementation Pvt.
Agency (Rs. GoI GoHP SMC
Framework Sector
Lakhs)
Renewal of core
SMC EPC 0 0 0
area
Development GIS
Based spatial SMC - 500 400 100 - -
database
Capacity Building
on GIS based SMC - 500 400 100 - -
Planning
1000 800 200 0 0
Total
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21.4.8 Solid Waste Management
Project Funding (Rs. Lakhs)
Suggested
Implementation Cost
Project Name Implementation Pvt.
Agency (Rs. GoI GoHP SMC
Framework Sector
Lakhs)
Door to door Collection SMC Service Contract 200 160 20 20 -
Street Sweeping SMC EPC 200 160 20 20 -
Storage and EPC & Service
SMC 675 540 67.5 67.5
transportation Contract
Integrated Waste
Treatment & Disposal SMC DBO 1500 1200 150 150
Facility
Upgradation of bio-
SMC - 50 40 5 5
medical facility
Others (Capacity
Building, Training and SMC - 350 280 70
Technical Studies)
Total 2975 2380 332.5 262.5
21.4.9 Tourism
Project Funding (Rs. Lakhs)
Suggested
Implementation Cost
Project Name Implementation Pvt.
Agency (Rs. GoI GoHP SMC
Framework Sector
Lakhs)
Upgradation of
Naldhera Golf Tourism Dept EPC 500 400 100
Course
Development of
Nature Park at Forest Dept EPC 1500 1200 300
Craignano
Development of Tourism Dept/Pvt.
BOT 500 500
Theme Part Sector
Development of EPC & O&M
Tourism Dept 1000 800 200
Skating Ring Contract
Beautification of
SMC EPC 1000 800 100 100
Shimla
Eco-tourism Projects Forest Dept BOT 1000 1000
Upgradation of
Tourist Information Tourism Dept EPC 500 400 100
Center
Others (Capacity
Building, Training
GoI/GoHP - 600 480 120
and Technical
Studies)
Total 6600 4080 920 100 1500
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21.4.10 Environment, Disaster Management & Forests
Project Funding (Rs. Lakhs)
Suggested
Implementation Cost
Project Name Implementation Pvt.
Agency (Rs. GoI GoHP SMC
Framework Sector
Lakhs)
Network of Fire
Hydrants and
SMC & Fire Dept EPC 105 84 21 - -
upgradation of Fire
Station
Prevention &
Control of Land Forest Dept/PWD EPC 2000 1600 400 - -
Slide
Conservation of Soil
Forest Dept EPC 500 400 100 - -
Erosion
Upgradation of EPC & O&M
SMC 1000 800 100 100 -
existing Parks Contract
Community
GoHP - 500 400 100 - -
Awareness
Technical Studies GoHP - 600 480 120 - -
Total 4705 3764 841 100 0
21.4.11 Heritage
Project Funding (Rs. Lakhs)
Suggested
Implementation Cost
Project Name Implementation
Agency (Rs. Pvt.
Framework GoI GoHP SMC
Lakhs) Sector
Restoration &
Conservation of
Heritage Board EPC & BOT 22500 9000 2250 11250
stage government
owned buildings
Technical Studies Heritage Board - 400 320 80
Total 22900 9320 2330 0 11250
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21.4.12 Housing
Project Funding (Rs. Lakhs)
Suggested
Implementation Cost
Project Name Implementation
Agency (Rs. Pvt.
Framework GoI GoHP SMC
Lakhs) Sector
Development of
HIMUDA BOT 100000 100000
Satellite townships
Total 100000 0 0 0 100000
21.4.13 Urban Poor
Project Funding (Rs. Lakhs)
Suggested
Implementation Cost
Project Name Implementation
Agency (Rs. Pvt.
Framework GoI GoHP SMC
Lakhs) Sector
R&R of project
GoHP - 22000 17600 4400 - -
Affected People *
Resettlement &
Rehabilitation of HIMUDA EPC 30000 24000 6000 - -
slums
In-situ upgradation
SMC EPC 10000 8000 2000 - -
of slums
Construction of
SMC EPC 250 200 50 - -
labour hostels
Construction of
working women's SMC EPC 250 200 50 - -
hostels
Studies UD, GoHP - 200 160 40 - -
Total 62700 50160 12540 0 0
* Tentative provision
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21.5 FINANCING STRATEGIES
In order to create the assets and maintan the assets created through JNNURM funds
will be needed. Moreover this mission is an important stepping stone to make the
Urban Local Bodies self-sufficient and financially independent. In order to ensure
the above, the following steps are being taken:
Improving financial status of the ULB:
It is expected that the implementation of reform agenda prescribed under JNNURM
will improve the financial condition of the SMC. The significant improvement will
be visible post JNNURM period when the required assets are created through
financing and reform implementation is completed.
Public Private Partnership Projects
The JNNURM grant may be leavraged to attract the private sector investment
whereever possible. Various PPP options like Service Contracts, BOT, concessions,
JV and Community Based Provisions may be considered.
External Financing used by ULB
With commitment to implement the reform agenda and sanction from GoI under
JNNURM, it is expected that SMC shall be in a position to raise the debt from the
financial institutions at competitive rates. Certain measures like credit rating shall also
help SMC to raise the funds.
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22 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
22.1 PRIORITIZATION
The projects are prioritized on the basis of stakeholder consultations, criticality from
sustainability point of view, and potential of providing larger benefits. The sectorwise
prioritization is presented Figure 22.1 to Figure 22.7.
Water Supply
Sewerage and Sanitation
Decongestion
Transportation
Urban Poor
Heritage Conservation
Environment and Forests
Toursim
Low Medium High
Figure 22.1 Sector-wise Priorities
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Augmentation of
Water Distribution
Network
Rehabilitation of
Water Distribution
System
Augmentation of
Water Supply
from Pabbar
Low Medium High
Figure 22.2 Water Supply- Intervention Priorities
Augmentation of
Sewerage network
in Special Areas
Rehabilitation of City
Sewerage Network
Provision of Missing
Links between new
and old network
Low Medium High
Figure 22.3 Sewerage - Intervention Priorities
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Improvement in Air
Connectivity
Improvement in Basic
Infrastructure
Development of
Ecotourism Projects
Beautification of Shimla
Upgradation of Skating
Rink
Development of Theme
Park
Development of Nature
Park at Criagnano
Upgradtion of Naldhera
Golf Course
Low Medium High
Figure 22.4 Tourism - Intervention Priorities
Integrated Waste
Processing, Treatment
and Disposal
Expansion of D2D
Collection
Improvement in
Transportation
Upgradation in
Biomedical Treatment
Facility
Improvement in
Secondary Collection
(Street Sweeping)
Low Medium High
Figure 22.5 Solid Waste management- Intervention Priorities
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Pedestrian Facilities
Bus shelters and local terminals
Mass Rapid Transport System
Tunnels
Parking Facilities
Parallel Roads
Ropeways
Lifts and Escalators
Junction Improvements
New Links
Standardization of Municipal Roads
Standardization of the Cart Road
Street Lighting
Low Medium High
Figure 22.6 Traffic & Transportation - Intervention Priorities
Development of
Township
Construction of
Labour and Women
Hostel
In-situ Upgradation
of Slums
R&R of slums to new
location
Low Medium High
Figure 22.7 Housing & Urban Poor– Intervention Priorities
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22.2 IMPLMENTATION TIMELINE
The indicative timeline proposed for implementation of the projects/interventions
during JNNURM period is presented in Table 22.1.
Table 22.Implementation Timeline
Project 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Standardization of the Cart Road
Standardization of Municipal Roads
New Links
HOCS
Junction Improvements
Parking Facilities
Lifts and Escalators
Tunnels
Mass Rapid Transport System
Bus shelters and local terminals
Ropeways
Pedestrian Facilities
Street Lighting
Shifting of Commercial Activity Centres
Bypasses to the City
Renovation of Identified Natural Drains
Renovation of Open Drains
Construction of roadside drains as per drainage
design
Rainwater harvesting and water conservation
Augmentation of Water Supply Scheme for Shimla
City from River PABBAR
Rehabilitation of water supply network
Water Monitoring Cell
Rehabilitation of the main sewerage network
Provision of sewerage network in new SADA areas
Connection of old and new sewerage network
Computerization and establishment of information
system
Implementation of business process reengineering
plan and e-Governance
Establishment of Training Institution
Training of SMC and Parastatal agencies staff
Renewal of Core Area
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Development of nodes/townships
GIS based spatial database
Capacity Building on GIS based planning
D2D Collection
Street Sweeping
Storage and Transportation
Integrated Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility
Upgradation of Biomedical Facility
Upgradation of Naldhera Golf Course
Development of Nature Park at Craignano
Development of Theme Park
Upgradation of Skating Rink
Beautification of Shimla
Ecotourism Projects
Upgradation of Tourists Information Centre
Network of Fire Hydrants and upgradation of Fire
Station
Prevention and controls of land slides
Conservation of Soil Erosion
Upgradation of Existing Parks
Restoration and conservation of Government owned
heritage buildings
R&R of slums to new location
R&R of Project Affected People
In-situ upgradation of Slums
Construction of Labour Hostels
Construction of working women hostel
Development of 3 Satellite Townships
22.3 ACTION PLAN FOR JNNURM IMPLEMENTATION
The action plan for rolling out JNNURM programme is derived from readiness of
projects for development. It recommended that large projects with high priorities,
which may require longer time frame for project development including preparation
of Detailed Project Report through external consultants, should be taken up for in-
principle approval from GoI based on prefeasibility study. The projects for which
prefeasibility is ready should be submitted to GoI for in-principal approval, while for
other projects the prefeasibility study may be initiated. The Detailed Project Report
for small projects may be prepared internally.
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Further it is recommended that in order to coordinate the efforts for project
development and other preparatory work, the SLNA should establish the Project
Development and Management Unit (PDMU) having representation from various
departments. This shall provide the increased focus and timely completion of project
development activities in regulated and controlled manner. A dedicated project
development fund may be established for financing of project development
activities.
PD Advisor SLNA Project Development
Fund
PDMU
Project Development
DPRs Procurement Financial Close
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Table 22.1 Action Plan for JNNURM Implementation
Status Project Action Point
D2D Collection Submit proposal to GoI for in-principal approval
Street Sweeping Submit proposal to GoI for in-principal approval
Storage and Transportation Submit proposal to GoI for in-principal approval
Integrated Waste Treatment and Submit proposal to GoI for in-principal approval
Disposal Facility
Projects where Standardization of the Cart Road Submit proposal to GoI for in-principal approval
pre-feasibility is Augmentation of Water Supply Submit proposal to GoI for in-principal approval
ready Scheme for Shimla City from
River PABBAR
Prevention and controls of land Submit proposal to GoI for in-principal approval
slides
Conservation of Soil Erosion Submit proposal to GoI for in-principal approval
Initiate project development process for selection
Parking Facilities (6 Projects)
of BOT
Detailed
feasibility study Mass Rapid Transit System Submit proposal to GoI for in-principal approval
in progress
DPR under
Tunnels Submit DPR to GoI for sanction
progress
Bus shelters and local terminals Initiate process of preparation of DPR internally
Pedestrian Facilities Initiate process of preparation of DPR internally
Street Lighting Initiate process of preparation of DPR internally
Renovation of Open Drains Initiate process of preparation of DPR internally
Rainwater harvesting and water
Initiate process of preparation of DPR internally
conservation
Upgradation of Biomedical
DPR can be Initiate process of preparation of DPR internally
Facility
made in-house Upgradation of Tourists
Initiate process of preparation of DPR internally
Information Centre
Upgradation of Fire Station
Initiate process of preparation of DPR internally
Network of Fire Hydrants and
Upgradation of Existing Parks Initiate process of preparation of DPR internally
Construction of Labour Hostels Initiate process of preparation of DPR internally
Construction of working women
Initiate process of preparation of DPR internally
hostel
Standardization of Municipal Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Roads principal approval
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
New Links
Preparation of principal approval
DPR would Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Parallel Roads
require principal approval
appointment of Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Junction Improvements
external principal approval
consultant Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Lifts and Escalators
principal approval
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Ropeways
principal approval
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Shifting of Commercial Activity Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Centres principal approval
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Bypasses to the City
principal approval
Renovation of Identified Natural Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Drains principal approval
Construction of roadside drains Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
as per drainage design principal approval
Rainwater harvesting and water Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
conservation principal approval
Augmentation of Water Supply
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Scheme for Shimla City from
principal approval
River Pabbar
Rehabilitation of water supply
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
transmission and distribution
principal approval
network
Refurbishment of the main Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
sewerage network principal approval
Provision of sewerage network
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
for newly merged and old SADA
principal approval
Area
Connect the refurbished old
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
sewerage network with new
principal approval
sewerage network
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Renewal of Core Area
principal approval
Upgradation of Naldhera Golf Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Course principal approval
Development of Nature Park at Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Craignano principal approval
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Development of Theme Park
principal approval
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Upgradation of Skating Rink
principal approval
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Beautification of Shimla
principal approval
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Ecotourism Projects
principal approval
Restoration and conservation of
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Government owned heritage
principal approval
buildings
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
R&R of slums to new location
principal approval
Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
In-situ upgradation of Slums
principal approval
Development of 3 Satellite Initiate pre-feasibility report in-house for in-
Townships principal approval
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23 ANNEXURES
23.1 PROCEEDINGS OF CONSULTATION WORKSHOP
23.1.1 Introduction
The workshop was organized under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission to promote reform based urban development of the cities. In L&FS
Infrastructure Development Corporation has been appointed by Department of
Urban Development for preparation of City Development Plan for Shimla under
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission. The objective of the first
workshop was to understand the current status of the Shimla city and to formulate
the vision by benchmarking characteristics of acceptable performance indicators
for sustainable infrastructure development and to explore the nature of
interventions and identification of resources for development of Shimla City.
23.1.2 Participants to the Works
For the workshop, elected members including MP, MLA, Mayor and Ward
Councilors of Shimla City, Government officials, NGOs, representatives from
Chamber of Commerce and Associations, academicians and eminent citizens were
invited. The chief guest for the workshop was Shri Kaul Singh Thakur, Honorable
Minister, Urban Development, Government of Himachal Pradesh.
23.1.3 Inaugural session
Shri S. Behuria, Principal Secretary, Urban Development, GoHP welcomed
participants and enlightened the audience with Government commitment and
initiatives for development of Shimla. He explained the need for reputed
professional consultant like IL&FS IDC in preparation of City Development Plan
in unbiased and professional manner.
Chief Guest, Honorable Minister Shri
Kaul Singh Thakur lighted the lamp
and inaugurated the workshop. He
informed that Shimla is selected by
Government of India under
JNNURM along with other cities. He
thanked visionary Prime Minister Dr.
Manmohan Singh for the JNNURM
mission. He stressed upon de-congested, clean and better tourist destination. He
assured adequate drinking water to Shimla people. He also assured basic sanitation
services, widening of the roads, construction of tunnels for decongestion, more
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parking facilities, housing for poor people. He also assured that all the suggestions
will be incorporated while making CDP.
Shri Harbhajan Singh ‘Bhajji’, MLA addressed keynote address on the occasion.
He presented JNNURM Scheme, detailed status of the scheme in terms of funds
sanctioned, fund disbursed and current position of Shimla in preparation of CDP.
He also mentioned problems faced by citizens of Shimla and stressed upon the co-
ordination among the government agencies and unity among the political parties
for optimal utilization of the JNNURM scheme and maximization of funds from
GOI.
IL&FS IDC, the consultant appointed for the preparation of CDP made a
presentation about their approach for development of CDP, current infrastructure
analysis of civic services like sewerage, water supply, solid waste management in
Shimla besides other infrastructure sectors like traffic and transportation, tourism,
environment and forest, housing for urban poor. The demand supply gap in each
of the above mentioned sectors were presented. The draft vision statements for
each of the sectors were also presented substantiated by the goals set by Shimla
Municipal Corporation for each of the sectors.
Session I Panel Discussion on Planning
This session was chaired by Shri. S Behuria, Principal Secretary, Urban Development,
GoHP. Following persons were panel members
1. Shri Diljeet Singh, Director, Dept. of Town and Country Planning
2. Shri. A.R. Sankhayan, State Town Planner,
3. Shri Pradeep Chauhan, SE , HPPWD,
4. Shri Ajay Sharma, ADM Shimla
5. Shri Manoj Panda, Senior Manager, IL&FS IDC.
The major points came across during the discussion are
The need for single authority for
entire region for implementation of
town plan on line of Haryana model
TCP has prepared Development
Plan for Shimla and same has been
submitted to Government of
Himachal Pradesh and is awaiting
cabinet approval.
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The new Development Plan addresses the separate activity zone near Shoghi,
housing in Kufri and Dhalli areas and transport infrastructure like new bypasses,
tunnels and circular railway line.
Regarding housing, it was revealed that about 30-40% area lying unoccupied which
high percentage in context of small town like Shimla and there is a need for
augmentation of infrastructure facilities in suburb areas in order to shift the
pressure from core zone.
With regards to need for preservation of heritage zone, it was informed that 50 m.
on either side of the mall has been declared as a Heritage Zone and the heritage
committee has been constituted for the conservation and redevelopment of the
heritage structure within and outside heritage zone.
TCP also informed about the changes made in bylaws with respect to height and
level of the buildings in order to regulate the construction activities.
Various proposals for the decongestion suggested by PWD were
o 3 tunnels in Shimla City to be built at a cost of 80 Crores
o Widening of the Motor Round Road from the existing conditions to Two
Lane National Highway standards at a cost of Rs. 20 Crores, which
includes land acquisition cost.
o Widening of the Kalka Shimla Road (KSC) road from Tourism office to
Victory Tunnel from the existing conditions to Two Lane National
Highway standards at a cost of Rs. 18 Crores which includes the land
acquisition cost.
o 2 link roads to connect Motor Round Road with Shimla Bypass and Link
road to Nabha area proposed for connectivity
o Conversion of the existing pedestrian tunnel near Auckland School to a
two lane motorable tunnel by lowering and widening at a cost of Rs. 12
crores
Session II Panel Discussion on Tourism
This session was chaired by Shri. Avay Shukla, Principal Secretary,
Tourism, GoHP. The panel members were
1. Shri N.K. Negi, Architect, HP PWD
2. Sh. B.S. Malhan, Convener, INTACH- Shimla Chapter
3. Shri Tarun Shreedhar, Commissioner, Tourism and Aviation, GoHP
4. Shree Harmeet Singh, ITOA
5. Shri Gopal Mohan Aggarwal, Senior VP, Hotel and Restaurant Association
6. Shri Raja Bhaseen, VP, Hotel and Restaurant Association
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7. Shri Neeraj Bachkheti, Advisor(Tourism), IL&FS IDC
The salient points that emerged during the discussion were
The present average stay of a tourist in Shimla as per the figures given was 1.35
days. In the presentation given by IL & FS there was a proposal to make efforts to
increase the stay to 3-4 days. It was felt that at the first instance instead of trying to
increase the period of stay, efforts should be made to attract high-end tourists
which would be a source of better revenue and lesser strain on the already existing
depleted infrastructure.
It was stated that as per the presentation given by IL & FS there was a shortfall of
guest rooms based on the tourist arrivals in Shimla. It was felt that instead of
increasing the number of guest rooms in hotels or constructing new hotels, which
would be an additional strain on the infrastructure; it would be more appropriate
to strengthen the already existing infrastructure.
The presently existing 9 hole golf course at Naldhera could be upgraded to the 18
hole international standard golf course. Government has already initiated action
for acquisition of additional 40 beeghas of land required for this purpose.
A large parking area (Multi storied) near Tara Devi should be created to reduce the
vehicular traffic in Shimla. A ropeway from the parking place to a convenient place
as close to the Ridge or the Mall Road for facilitating the tourist should also be
planned.
Shimla having a heritage value in terms of many existing old buildings, a listing of
all such heritage monuments /structures/ buildings should be carried out.
Provision should be made for restoring and conservation of the heritage buildings.
It was stated that Craignano project has already been taken over by the Forest
Department and they will take necessary step with regards to this project.
Session III Panel Discussion on Traffic and Transportation
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This session was chaired by Shri. Avay
Shukla, Principal Secretary,
Transport , GoHP. The panel members
were
1. Shri Ved Sood, Shimla
Decongestion & Beautification
Group
2. Shri Shashi Shekhar, Deputy
Mayor, MC Shimla
3. Shri R. K. Sharma
4. Shri S.N. Kapoor, Retired Chief Engineer
The major points came across during the discussion were
Sh. Avay Shukla, Principal Secretary confirmed that the Department of Transport
has planned to provide a multilevel car parking complex at Taradevi having a
capacity of 700 cars to operate a turn over of 4000 thousand cars in 20 hours. To
enhance the mobility from Taradevi to Mall/Ridge, a ropeway connecting these
places is proposed. Paid Taxis is also looked as a open for the people to shuttle
between the proposed car parking complex at Taradevi and the city.
Shifting of major activities from core area to places like proposed Transport Nagar
and other identified locations along the bypass shall be taken up under the Shimla
CDP.
Session IV Panel Discussion on Civic Services
This session was chaired by Smt. Rajwant Sandhu, Principal Secretary,IP&H , GoHP. The
panel members were
1. Shri A.K Singh, Chairman, Sulabh International
2. Shri Sohan Lal, Mayor, Shimla Municipal Corporation
3. Shri S. N. Joshi, IAS (Retd.)
4. Shri B D Thakur (IP&H)
5. Shri Shekhar Gupta, Commissioner, Shimla Municipal Corporation
6. Shri S.N. Kapoor, Retired Chief Engineer
The major issues discussed during the discussion were
Smt. Rajwant Sandhu, Principal Secretary, Irrigation and Public Health opined that
sourcing of bulk water has been taken up with two projects presently. The short
term plan is to tap water from Giri River so that minimum requirement by SMC
shall be provided and the long term plan for water supply is to bring water from
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the Pabbar river for which the preliminary site visit have been made by the
department to the source point. Consultants shall be appointed for carrying out
detailed feasibility of the water supply scheme.
As far the conservation of rain water, she informed that Rain Water Harvesting is a
convenient and low cost method which has been successfully done by some of the
institutions and organizations in Shimla City, the same shall be replicated in other
institutions as well.
She informed that the connection of old network and new network shall be carried
out under the JNNURM scheme. Once connectivity is established, the treatment
of sewage shall be effectively done at the already constructed STPs.
As far as Garbage collection is concerned, the collection efficiency shall be
improved by the SMC and also the proposed new plant shall carryout the recycling.
With regard to public toilets, she expressed that these public utilities are poorly
maintained compared to the toilets maintained in other cities like Delhi by the
Sulabh International.
Sh. Sohan Lal confirmed that the SADA areas are lacking all the basic civic
facilities required. Street lighting for area identified for urban poor, have to
included in the City Development Plan
Sh. A.K. Singh, spoke on the internal design of public toilets and also the need for
the elevation of the public utilities to blend with the adjoining buildings
Sh. S.N. Joshi presented that the parking places are to be provided in sufficient
number and also to address the traffic jams during school timings (morning &
evening) alongside the MRR road.
He highlighted the need for shifting of the compost plant as per the orders of the
High Court.
He said there is immediate need to refurbish the old sewerage network and to
improve the frequency of leak detection of sewerage and said that it is necessary to
make Shimla City open urinal free town comparing to the open defecation free
cities
Rainwater harvesting is must to handle the present water crisis.
Disposal of debris shall be regularized as per rules
Sh. Shekhar Gupta, Commissioner Municipal Corporation made remarks on the
Rain water harvesting being made compulsory and also indicated that National
Productivity Council has been appointed to prepare the final report on the Solid
Waste Management report on Shimla and it is expected to be ready by end of
September
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Six parking lots within the city is taken up by Shimla Municipal Corporation for
which the approval of the House and clearance from the Government is awaited
Relining of the Nallahs and natural drains are to be considered as part of the
Shimla CDP.
Pedestrianisation near Schools have to be included into the Shimla CDP
About 400 hundred families has been identified as urban poor and Deputy
Commissioner has identified land near Tutu, where affordable housing for the
identified urban poor and houseless shall be provided as part of the JNNURM.
Session V Panel Discussion on Forest
This session was chaired by T. D. Negi, Director Urban Development, GoHP. The panel
members were
1. Shri Vasudeva, Member Secretary, HP Environment Protection and Pollution
Control Board
2. Prof. Yoginder Varma, Director, Institute of Integrated Himalayan Studies, HPU,
Shimla
3. Ms. Cheena Kanwal, Director, Environment, DRONAH Shri Sohan Lal, Mayor,
Shimla Municipal Corporation
The major issues discussed during the discussion were
Dr. Vasudeva commented that the forest consists of air, water, land, flaura and
fauna
Maala Singh, indicated the electric wires are open and runs on post to post. These
are hazardous for pedestrians
Under the Green Scheme for the Jakhu hill forest, the spacing for tree to tree is
from 3 to 5 m.
Encroachments should be avoided and more forest growth to be earmarked in the
CDP
Disposal of garbage
should be properly
monitored and
segregation of the waste
at source is important.
To improve the
efficiency of collection,
Chutes can be proposed
for areas inaccessible by vehicles and carts.
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As tunnels are proposed in the city, the muck shall be properly disposed so that
the muck can be put to the best use and not just disposing. One example was to
use the muck for leveling at the proposed cricket stadium
There proposals shall be immediate, short term and long term proposals in the
phasing of projects under Shimla CDP
Prof. Yoginder Varma highlighted that high court has ordered the Environment
shall be a subject in every institution.
Tunnels can be carefully proposed based on the suitability of the geology
Vote of Thanks
Sh. Shekhar Gupta delivered the Vote of Thanks to the all the
Stakeholders who have made the first workshop on the Shimla
City Development Plan, a successful beginning.
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23.2 PROCEEDINGS OF NGO WORKSHOP
Introduction
The NGO consultation was organized only for NGOs in Shimla City for the
development of the City Development Plan under Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission. This meeting was held on 7th September, 2006 at Palika
Bhavan, Shimla. The main objective of the consultation was to understand the
current status of the Shimla city and the problems faced by the residents and their
suggestions to be considered while development of the CDP.
The consultation was chaired by Shri T.D. Negi, Director, Urban Development,
Himachal Pradesh, Shri Shekhar Gupta, Commissioner, Shimla Municipal
Corporation and Shri Ashwani Kumar Sharma, Asst. Commissioner, Shimla
Municipal Corporation.
Shri T. D. Negi welcomed participants on behalf of Govt. of Himachal Pradesh,
Shimla Municipal Corporation and IL&FS. The participants discussed various
issues by giving them priorities.
Unanimously the first priority was water. The issues with water supply in the city
are inadequate water supply, infrequent supply timings like for 1 hour daily in some
areas and on alternate days in others, very low pressure at consumer end.
The NGO’s expressed that the augmentation of water sourcing has been done on
adhoc basis and should be looked with long term perspective.
The government clarified the various plans about increasing supply water quantity,
pressure and duration.
GoHP explained that Nauti Khad and Giri water augmentation schemes are being
implemented by GOHP shall provide immediate and short term solution and
GoHP is planning the sourcing of water from Pabbar for long term needs of the
city.
NGO’s suggested that the GoHP should look into dedicated pondage on Satluj for
Shimla for water sourcing.
NGO’s also felt that water harvesting is not practical solution due to terrain
constrains in Shimla.
GoHP explained that Government has successfully implemented the roof top
water harvesting under bylaws in new constructions and is proposing to provide
the incentives on house tax to encourage the roof top water harvesting.
Second priority for citizens is Sewerage System and Solid Waste. The issues
discussed included lack of connectivity of septic tanks with sewerage lines in
SADA, poor collection efficiency of the SW, various problems with compost plant
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like poor functioning due to unsuitable temperature of Shimla for entire year and
its closeness to the city area.
The government assured that the plant will be shifted to other location and
moreover the technology will be upgraded which will be suitable for Shimla
temperature. The government also assured that the task of connecting the old and
new sewerage network will be finished soon.
The third priority was transportation. The issues are congestion due to long buses,
overloaded public transport system, non-adherence to the time-table by private
transporters.
Fourth priority considered was decongestion of core areas. Under this NGOs
made following suggestions (i) reconstruction of Tibetian market with Tibetian
architect (ii) restructuring of lower bazaar and middle bazaar.
Finally beautification and landscaping was suggested. NGOs suggested that the live
hedge may be grown on the slope to restrict the disposal of garbage on the slopes.
NGOs emphasized upon necessary public amenities in the localities.
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23.3 PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP WITH URBAN POOR
Date: 02/12/2006
Time: 1130 am
Place: Municipal Corporation, Shimla
Participants:
1. Dr. Ashwani Kumar- Assistant Commissioner, Shimla
2. Sh. Kaushal Mehta - IL&FS Infrastructure Development Corporation, Chandigarh
3. Various NGO’s dealing with the poor of Shimla
4. Representatives of poor people of Shimla
The workshop was organized to
understand current status of the
dwelling places of the poor in Shimla,
their requirements in terms of basic
services and prioritize them. The poor
locations are very scattered across the
city except Krishna Nagar where a
large number of people reside.
Following are the outcome of the
discussion
Basic amenities needed by the poor are water, roads, toilets, electricity, schools,
lighting in descending order of priorities
The poor people emphasized on upgradation of the current dwelling places rather
then rehabilitation at other place however in case of unavailability of the land at
existing locations, they are ready to move to a new location where the basic
services are available
The poor people are ready to pay some amount for the houses which shall be
provided to them by Municipal Corporation
Houses should be equipped with toilets and other basic facilities
Various dwelling locations for the poor are not equipped with all the basic services
however the gap between the actual and desired services is not high at almost all
the locations and almost all have some services already available
Many places houses are in very bad state and need urgent upgradation or
rehabilitation
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23.4 PROCEEDING OF FINAL WORKSHOP
For upliftment of basic service and increase the reach of basic services to urban
population & and improvement in urban infrastructure, Government of India has
launched Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission. Department of
Urban Development, GoHP, has appointed IL&FS Infrastructure Development
Corporation for preparation of City Development Plan for Shimla under
JNNURM. In order to understand current status of Shimla city in terms of basic
infrastructure & services and formulate the vision of Shimla city first workshop
was organized on 6th September, 2006. Various stakeholders including elected
public representatives, senior government officials, eminent citizens, local bodies,
academic/research institutions, NGOs were present. Separate workshop with
NGOs was organized to understand their perceptions on issues, vision and
development of Shimla. Various Focus Groups Discussions and Departmental
Discussions followed these workshops. Based on shared vision and goals derived
from workshop draft CDP was prepared and put on the website of Shimla
Municipal Corporation on 16th October, 2006 for inviting suggestions. The
second workshop was organized for finalization and adoption of draft CDP
23.4.1 Participants to the Workshop
For the workshop, elected members including MP, MLA, Mayor and Ward
Councilors of Shimla City, Government officials, NGOs, representatives from
Chamber of Commerce and Associations, academicians and eminent citizens were
invited. The chief guest for the workshop was Shri Kaul Singh Thakur, Honorable
Minister, Urban Development Government of Himachal Pradesh.
The workshop started with keynote address by honorable minister of Urban
Development, GoHP Shri Kaul Singh Thakur. He mentioned about position of
Shimla on international map of global tourist destination. He also pointed out that
shortage of water and congestion are biggest problems and should be solved
urgently. He also emphasized on maintaining queen of hills status by preserving
rich heritage characteristics of the town
IL&FS IDC, the consultant, presented the draft CDP with emphasizing on various
sectors, their priorities, major issues in those sectors, strategy to handle identified
issues and interventions required to achieve the vision and goals. Stakeholders
asked various questions and gave many suggestions. IL&FS IDC reviewed these
suggestions in line with CDP requirement under JNNURM. Majority of
suggestions were already addressed in the CDP
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Vote of Thanks
Sh. Shekhar Gupta delivered the Vote of Thanks to the all the Stakeholders who
participated in the workshop and contributed by giving valuable suggestions
Major Suggestions received before and during the finalization workshop
Leakages in the existing water distribution network should be high priority
Catchment area treatment for to reduction of silt should be made integrated part
of the water sourcing projects
Enforcement of sewerage charges should be done in phased manner
The problem of missing links between the old sewerage network and new network
should be solved exigently
Sewerage from hotels should not be allowed into drains
Mechanism for maintenance of drains should be internalized in the projects
Water harvesting should be treated as an alternative source of water and should be
encouraged by giving incentives
Adequate number of parking lots at various places especially near sealed road
should be constructed
Tunnels should be given highest priority in transportation sector
Tunnels are high priority
Junction improvements should be done at various junctions of city
Flyover from Tolland to bypass road should be constructed
CDP has made provision of constructions of three new labour hostels but as influx
of migrant labour to the city incases, provision for more hostels can be done
The place for muck & debris should be identified and specified
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23.5 LIST OF IDENTIFIED NALLAHS
Length Estimated
of Cost
S. N. Name of Nallahs
Nallah (Rs.
(m) Lakh)
Nallah from Cedar wood hotel Jakhoo to Card road via
1 570 25.65
Jodha Niwas
2 Nallah from Jakhoo to Lift via Amar Bhavan 790 35.55
Nallah from Dream Land Hotel Lakkar Bazaar to Cart
3 360 16.20
Road
4 Nallah from OAK over to Cart Road Via Clifend Estate 250 11.25
5 Nallah from Stocks place to Cart Road Via Palika Bhavan 600 27.00
Nallah from Takka Bench to Cart Road via Sat Sang
6 205 9.225
Bhawan
7 Nallah from Roshan Villa Jakhoo to Cart road near IGMC 740 33.30
8 Nallah from Doctor Qtrs Lakkar Bazaar to Cart road 200 9.00
9 Nallah from Jangal house to Cart Road via Chudel Bouri 650 29.25
10 Nallah from Jakhoo to MC parking cart road near IGMC 720 32.40
11 Nallah from Govt. Dispensary to Housing Board Sanjauli 275 12.375
12 Nallah from Maszid to Housing Board Colony at Sanjauli 255 11.475
13 Nallah from Old Police Chowki to Bypass upto M.C. limit 275 12.375
14 Nallah from Children Park to Bypass upto M.C. limit 360 16.20
15 Nallah from Sidharth Enclave to Bypass upto M.C. limit 240 10.80
16 Nallah from Shivam Traders to Bypass upto M.C. Limit 150 6.75
17 Nallah from Chopra house to Hill Grove Public School 400 18.00
18 Nallah from Palika Bhavan to Main Stream 503 22.635
19 Nallah from Mall Road to Bypass via High Court 456 20.52
20 Nallah from Chhota Shimla M.C office to Bypass 285 12.855
21 Nallah from HP Tribunal to Bypass via Sadhna Ghatti 585 26.325
22 Nallah from St. Bedes to Dhobi Ghat upto M.C. limit 325 14.625
Total 413.76
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23.6 LIST OF OPEN DRAINS
Length
Estimated
of
S. N. Name of Nallahs Cost
Nallah
(Rs. Lakh)
(m)
Repair and covering of nallah from Arya Samaj School towards
1 250 1.35
Ram Mandir
Renovation / Improvement of Nallah from Mall Road towards
2 225 2.75
Cart Road via Dayanand School
Renovation / improvement of nallah from P&T colony towards
3 200 2.37
Cart Road in W. No. 2
Renovation / improvement of nallah from main Ram Bazaar to
4 375 1.50
D.D.U
5 Renovation / Improvement of nallah in Command Area 450 2.25
Renovation / Improvement of nallah from State Bank towards
6 250 1.60
Cart Road
Repair and covering of nallah from Combermere Hotel towards
7 225 2.08
Lift near Shiv Mandir
Renovation / improvement of nallah from Durga Villa Rose
8 335 5.67
Cottage to Bihari Lal Cottage at Annadale
Renovation / improvement of nallah from Prem House to
9 200 0.53
Buchal House at lower kaithu
Renovation./ improvement of nallah from Military Barrack
10 300 1.73
Annadale
Renovation / improvement of nallah from Rain Shelter Police
11 400 1.99
Line to Old Abakari, Annadale
Renovation / improvement of nallah from Railway line to
12 200 2.00
Nalagarh road near Laxmi Narayan Temple at Tutu
Renovation /improvement of nallah from Laxmi Narayan
13 250 3.00
Temple to Nalagarh road at Tutu
Renovation / improvement of nallah from Boileuganj dispensary
14 170 2.00
to National Highway 21 near Petrol pump
Renovation / improvement of nallah from Subzi Mandi to Cart
15 120 0.90
Road via Suji line
Renovation / improvement of nallah from Shankli near Shanti
16 106 1.53
Niwas
Renovation / improvement of nallah from adjoining Regal
17 200 5.00
Cinema, Lakkar Bazaar
Renovation / improvement of nallah from Yodha Niwas to Mall
18 100 4.50
road, near adjoining Ladies park
Renovation / improvement of nallah near Chelet day School, US
19 50 0.50
club
Renovation / improvement of nallah from Stock Place to
20 50 1.00
Himachal Bhavan
Repair of cross drainage and nallah at different points at
21 20 2.00
Sanjauali, Mall road
22 Repair of Cross Drainage in Bhahari bazaar 15 1.25
Repair of nallah beyond Sunder Building towards lift nallah in
23 100 3.00
Krishna Nagar
24 Restoration / renovation of nallah beyond Krishna Nagar School 100 4.86
Restoration / renovation of nallah from Sukh Bhavan to Vidya
25 150 2.46
Bhavan, Shangti Ward
26 Restoration / renovation of nallah near Central Home, Bemloe 136 1.00
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Length
Estimated
of
S. N. Name of Nallahs Cost
Nallah
(Rs. Lakh)
(m)
Restoration / renovation of nallah from Sethi Niwas to Sharda
27 200 1.50
Kunj below Gurdwara
Restoration / renovation of Nallah near Sharda Stationers in
28 250 1.50
ward no. 17
Restoration / renovation of nallah adjoining Vety Hospital to
29 120 5.00
Main stream Krishna Nagar
Restoration / renovation of nallah Panchsheel Hotel to Lal Pani
30 60 2.00
School
31 Restoration / renovation of nallah from Himland to Bye pass 185 2.50
32 Restoration / renovation of nallah near Mini Kufta Dhar 60 1.00
Restoration / renovation of nallah from Main Bus stand towards
33 100 2.00
Rajdoot Hotel
Restoration /renovation of nallah from Rama Coal Co. cart road
34 100 3.00
to main stream, Krishna Nagar
Restoration / renovation of nallah from Ghora Sarai to Main
35 90 2.47
stream, Krishna Nagar
36 Restoration / renovation of nallah at Dyrton Estate 250 1.80
Restoration / renovation of drainage in Cemetary Area
37 100 0.30
(Remaining Portion)
38 Restoration / renovation of Drainage Bangli, Bagicha 150 1.50
Restoration / renovation of nallah by providing M.S. Tiles in
39 200 0.45
Bazar Area
40 Drainage System Military Barrack, Annadale 150 0.66
Total 84.5
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23.7 LIST OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS
LIST OF HERITAGE BUILDING/CEMETERIES WITHIN THE HERITAGE
ZONE NOTIFICATION DATED 22.8.2002
S.N. Name of Building
1 Chalet day School Building
2 M.C. Library at Ridge
3 Khadi Board Building on the Mall Road
4 Town Hall Building
5 G P O Building
6 Telegraph Office Building (Telephone Exchange)
7 Grand Hotel Building Complex
8 Railway Board Building
9 Parkash Niwas (Housing Shimla Typewriting Company Near S B I
10 Vice Regal Lodge Complex
11 Council Chamber (Vidhan Sabha)
12 Wood Villa
13 Oak Over
14 Cemetery near Oak Over
15 Barnes Court (Raj Bhawan)
16 Clarks Hotel
17 Clermont (Labour Bureau Office)
18 St. Mark
19 Earnstone
20 Christ Church Complex at Ridge
21 Band Stand (Tourism Restaurant)
22 Gaiety Theatre Building
23 Grindlays Bank Building
24 Ghurch Housing Evening College and Library
25 Bantony Building
26 State Bank of India Building (Dalziel House)
27 Gorton Castle Building
28 The Whole Range Buildings Starting from Gainda Mull up to Northern
Railway Booking Agency on the Mall Road
29 Cedar Circuit House and Rest House
30 U.S. Club Building
31 Ladies Park
32 Kali Bari Temple
33 Cecil Hotel
34 Post Office Chaura Maidan
35 Carton House (Sanitorium)
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36 Race View
37 Yates Place
38 Post office Summer Hill
LIST OF HERITAGE BUILDING/CEMETERIES OUTSIDE THE HERITAGE
ZONE
S.N. Name of Building
1 Y.M.C.A. Building
2 Ripon Hospital
3 Rothney Castle
4 Auckland House
5 Convent of Jesus and Marry
6 Sterling Castle
7 Rajkiya Kanya Maha Vidyala. (Old Building)
8 Corner House
9 Pari Mahal
10 Walsingham (D.C. Residence)
11 Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur’s building (Manor Villa)
12 Govt. Boy’s Degree College Sanjauli
13 Railway Station Shimla
14 Inverarm (State Museum)
15 Bemloe Cottages
16 South Gate
17 Foss Well
18 Graig Garden
19 Delphine Lodge
20 Eagle Mount
21 Winter Field
22 Shimleshwar (Shiv Mandir)
23 Jammu Castle
24 Y.W.C.A. Building
25 Ellerslie Building
26 Burj
27 Benmore Estate
28 Orvyn (I.T.I. Shimla
29 Cemetery at Sanjauli
30 Cematery at Nav Bahar (Nuns Grave Yard below St. Beds.)
31 Catholic Church
32 Green Gate Longwood
33 Dharbanga House (Tara Hall)
34 Chapslee
35 Aira Holme
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36 Hainault
37 Jakhoo Temple
38 Torrontium
39 Holly Lodge
40 Lady Reading Building
41 Bishop Cotton School
42 Sidhowal Lodge
43 Crow-Brough
44 Strawberry Hill
45 Spring Field
46 Emm Villa
47 Dixy
48 Dimple Lodge
49 Eddleston
50 Railway Station, Summer Hill
51 St. Thomas School
52 St. Edward School
53 Thistle Bank (Building of Sh. Yoginder pal Sood)
54 Old D.C. Office (Shimla Building)
55 Police Station, Chhota Shimla
56 Armsdell
57 Torney House
58 Cemetery at Barrier, Boileauganj
59 Cemetery at Kanlog
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23.8 FINANCIAL ASSESSMENT OF LAST FIVE YEARS
Income Expenditure Statement
S N. Item 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 CAGR
Opening Balance 194.04 257.88 173.89 204.32 256.95
INCOME (I)
A Revenue Account
1 Tax Revenue
General Tax 294.8 322.57 331.19 486.4 466.32 12.15%
Other Taxes 80.40 70.92 78.24 157.73 126.90 12.09%
Total Tax Revenue 375.2 393.49 409.43 644.13 593.22 12.13%
2 Non Tax Revenue
Rent of Buildings 91.37 101.84 112.45 145.64 193.74 20.67%
Sale of water 159.52 171.95 337.82 467.12 565.93 37.24%
Fees and Other Revenue 189.66 129.11 157.85 278.24 239.19 5.97%
Total Non-Tax Revenue 440.6 402.9 608.1 891.0 998.9 22.71%
3 Octroi Grant 459.01 241.4 273.67 418.54 385.52 -4.27%
Total Revenue Income-A 1274.76 1037.79 1291.22 1953.67 1977.6 11.60%
B Capital Account
Sale of Municipal Assets 21.08 46.99 59.07 151.63 204.7 76.53%
Loans 0 0 0 0 0
Grants 0 0 0 0 0
Total Capital Income-B 21.08 46.99 59.07 151.63 204.7 76.53%
Grand total Income(A+B) 1295.84 1084.78 1350.29 2105.3 2182.3 13.92%
EXPENDITURE (E)
A Revenue Account
1 Establishment Expenses
Salary
General Dept 98.62 111.7 112.05 123.43 142.63 9.66%
Tax Dept 31.53 31.19 34.73 35.55 43.41 8.32%
Estate Branch 21.86 26.77 26.42 22.46 29.57 7.85%
Forest Dept 40.2 43.73 51.35 55.54 62.27 11.56%
Library 0.2 0.22 0.12 0.12 0.12 -11.99%
Public Health 422.02 454.48 463.18 514.51 574.17 8.00%
Water Supply 150.53 175.48 183.11 189.36 209.38 8.60%
Roads and buildings 157.27 173.02 187.37 191.79 211.4 7.67%
9-c Grant 34.36 36.99 40.23 0 0
Total Establishment
956.59 1053.58 1098.56 1132.76 1272.95 7.40%
Expenses
2 Contingencies
General Dept 36.3 42.54 28.49 41.35 51.48 9.13%
Tax Dept 0.38 9.99 5.76 1.99 1.47 40.24%
Estate 2.7 1.75 1.76 1.06 0.87 -24.66%
Forest Dept 4.2 2.24 3.16 2.87 1.88 -18.20%
Library 0.23 0.29 0.28 0.16 0.07 -25.73%
Public Health 39.47 27.39 32.58 49.73 41.31 1.15%
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Water Supply 27.87 35.65 29.13 39.48 43.41 11.72%
Roads and buildings 2.38 2.45 2.59 3.86 3.18 7.51%
Reserve 0.64 0 0 0 0
Total Contingencies
114.17 122.3 103.75 140.5 143.67 5.91%
Expenses
3 Maintenance
Roads & Bldgs 90.98 97.08 6.96 259.56 89.86 -0.31%
Water Supply 17.35 26.07 30.98 36.23 32.8 17.26%
Forest Dept 0.83 2.28 1.59 1.54 1.17 8.96%
Total Maintenance
109.16 125.43 39.53 297.33 123.83 3.20%
Expenses
4 Other Expenses
Amount due to IP&H for
399.86 340.21 473.24 407.25 752.4 23.46%
water
Amount due to HPSEB for
127.19 174.51 114.12 50.14 62.41 -21.13%
electricity
Total Other Expenses 527.05 514.72 587.36 457.39 814.81 11.51%
Total Revenue
1706.97 1816.03 1829.2 2027.98 2355.26 8.38%
Expenditure
B Capital Account
Buildings 45.45 24.08 40.88 33.59 3.94 -45.74%
Roads 0 0 120.3 155.82 193.18
Forest Works 1.98 1.71 2.37 2.38 1.09 -13.86%
Nallahs 0.03 0.54 1.97 5.5 2.3 195.90%
Toilets 10.09 4.2 8.87 8.02 11.12 2.46%
Street Lights 0 3.98 3.47 9.22 9.77
Water Works 3.19 6.69 6.86 20.24 4.8 10.75%
Total Capital
60.74 41.2 184.72 234.77 226.2 38.92%
Expenditure
Grand total Expenditure(A+B) 1767.71 1857.23 2013.92 2262.75 2581.46 9.93%
STATUS OF MUNICIPAL FINANCES
Revenue Account (IA-
1 -432.21 -778.24 -537.98 -74.31 -377.66
EA)
2 Capital Account (IB-EB) -39.66 5.79 -125.65 -83.14 -21.5
Overall Municipal Status -471.87 -772.45 -663.63 -157.45 -399.16
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Sectoral Contribution Share
S N. Item 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Average
INCOME (I)
A Revenue Account
1 Tax Revenue
General Tax 22.7% 29.7% 24.5% 23.1% 21.4% 24.3%
Other Taxes 6.2% 6.5% 5.8% 7.5% 5.8% 6.4%
Total Tax Revenue 29.0% 36.3% 30.3% 30.6% 27.2% 30.7%
2 Non Tax Revenue
Rent of Buildings 7.1% 9.4% 8.3% 6.9% 8.9% 8.1%
Sale of water 12.3% 15.9% 25.0% 22.2% 25.9% 20.3%
Other Fees and Revenues 14.6% 11.9% 11.7% 13.2% 11.0% 12.5%
Total Non-Tax Revenue 34.0% 37.1% 45.0% 42.3% 45.8% 40.9%
3 Octroi Grant 35.4% 22.3% 20.3% 19.9% 17.7% 23.1%
Total Revenue Income-A 98.4% 95.7% 95.6% 92.8% 90.6% 94.6%
B Capital Account
Sale of Municipal Assets 1.6% 4.3% 4.4% 7.2% 9.4% 5.4%
Loans 0 0 0 0 0
Grants 0 0 0 0 0
Total Capital Income-B 1.6% 4.3% 4.4% 7.2% 9.4% 5.4%
Grand total Income(A+B) 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
EXPENDITURE (E)
A Revenue Account
1 Establishment Expenses
Salary
General Dept 5.6% 6.0% 5.6% 5.5% 5.5% 5.6%
Tax Dept 1.8% 1.7% 1.7% 1.6% 1.7% 1.7%
Estate Branch 1.2% 1.4% 1.3% 1.0% 1.1% 1.2%
Forest Dept 2.3% 2.4% 2.5% 2.5% 2.4% 2.4%
Library 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Public Health 23.9% 24.5% 23.0% 22.7% 22.2% 23.3%
Water Supply 8.5% 9.4% 9.1% 8.4% 8.1% 8.7%
Roads and buildings 8.9% 9.3% 9.3% 8.5% 8.2% 8.8%
9-c Grant 1.9% 2.0% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.2%
Total Establishment
Expenses 54.1% 56.7% 54.5% 50.1% 49.3% 53.0%
2 Contingencies
General Dept 2.1% 2.3% 1.4% 1.8% 2.0% 1.9%
Tax Dept 0.0% 0.5% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2%
Estate 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1%
Forest Dept 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Library 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Public Health 2.2% 1.5% 1.6% 2.2% 1.6% 1.8%
Water Supply 1.6% 1.9% 1.4% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7%
Roads and buildings 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1%
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Reserve 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Total Contingencies
Expenses 6.5% 6.6% 5.2% 6.2% 5.6% 6.0%
3 Maintenance
Roads & Buildings 5.1% 5.2% 0.3% 11.5% 3.5% 5.1%
Water Supply 1.0% 1.4% 1.5% 1.6% 1.3% 1.4%
Forest Dept 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1%
Total Maintenance
Expenses 6.2% 6.8% 2.0% 13.1% 4.8% 6.6%
4 Other Expenses
Amount due to IP&H for
water 22.6% 18.3% 23.5% 18.0% 29.1% 16.74%
Amount due to HPSEB for
electricity 7.2% 9.4% 5.7% 2.2% 2.4% -36.40%
Total Other Expenses 29.8% 27.7% 29.2% 20.2% 31.6% 27.69%
Total Revenue
Expenditure 96.6% 97.8% 90.8% 89.6% 91.2% 93.2%
B Capital Account
Buildings 2.6% 1.3% 2.0% 1.5% 0.2% 1.5%
Roads 0.0% 0.0% 6.0% 6.9% 7.5% 4.1%
Forest Works 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1%
Nallahs 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1%
Toilets 0.6% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4%
Street Lights 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.2%
Water Works 0.2% 0.4% 0.3% 0.9% 0.2% 0.4%
Total Capital
Expenditure 3.4% 2.2% 9.2% 10.4% 8.8% 6.8%
Grand total Expenditure(A+B) 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
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