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Romantic Period
Principles of the Romantic Era
• Form rules relaxed (not eliminated)
• Emotion rather than reason
• Nationalism
• Stories depicted
• Nature viewed mystically (Rousseau)
• Exotic (foreign culture)
• Love of the past versus the future
The Romantic
Artist/Composer/Writer
• Personal feelings of
the artist became
critically important
• The artist needed to
suffer to be fully
empowered
• The starving artist
became idealized
– And then satirized
Characteristics of Music
• Departure from Classical era
– Message in the music
• Give a word description for each piece
• Haydn vs. Beethoven
– Beethoven’s 5th in minor/major key
• Loss of power in the major
– Beethoven’s 5th in style of Haydn
• Loss of power
• Romantic music is felt not reasoned
Characteristics of Music
• Underlying themes carried
throughout the symphony
– Complete symphony viewed as a unit
– Folk songs incorporated for nationalism
• Longer symphonies
• Orchestra grew in size
• Use of strong dynamics
• Virtuosos
Discussion
• Is it important for a composer to
communicate with the audience? Why?
– Example of communication: baseball
Romantic Music
• How does a composer communicate?
– Form
• Strength of the Classical Period
• Romanic Period strayed from strict form
– Story
• Beethoven’s 5th (symbolic story)
• Berlioz’s Symphonie Fantastique (story notes)
• Tchaikowsky’s Romeo and Juliet (well-known story)
– Uncomplicated (short length)
• Chopin’s works
Beethoven
• Bridged Classical and
Romantic periods
– Form used contextually
– Perfection was the goal
(compare number of
symphonies compared with
Haydn)
– Motifs
• Short semi-melodies or
rhythms carried out in
modified form throughout work
Motifs
Musical Domain Chemical Domain
• Note • Atom
• Motif • Molecule
• Melody • Bulk Polymer
Beethoven
• Manifested Romantic ideal
– Nature depicted (symbolic story)
– Pastoral, Symphony No. 6
Franz Schubert
• Wrote lieder—songs with
emotional theme
• Told stories in the music
– Erlkönig
• Note the horse rhythm
• Note the ominous feeling
• Note the voice differences
(narrator, father and son)
• Note the sad conclusion
Frederic Chopin
• Born in Poland,lived in Paris
• Short pieces in small rooms
to allow communication
– Minute Waltz
• Virtuosity
– Etude Opus 10
• Nationalistic (Polish) music
shown in his mazurkas,
preludes and polonaises
– Polonaise in A flat major
Franz Liszt
• Hungarian child prodigy
• Greatest showman
• Hungarian Rhapsody 2
Franz Liszt
Richard Wagner
• German nationalism
• Not a prodigy
• Immoral life
• Ludwig II
• Opera
– Leitmotif
• Depicted myths and heroes
– Die Walküre (Ride of the Valkyries)
– Tristan and Isolde (Unresolved – Liebestod)
Russian Composers
• Moussorgsky,Balakirev, Borodin, Cui,
Rimsky-Korsakov (Then "Handful")
• Used Russian themes
– Russian Easter Overture
• Flight of the Bumble Bee
• Night on Bald Mountain
Almaty, Kazakhstan
Peter Ilych Tchaikovsky
• Russian
• Used French style
• Ballets are most famous
– Nutcracker, Sleeping Beauty
– Romeo and Juliet
• Love theme
• Fight theme
• End theme
• Deep emotion for his sad life
– Symphony No. 6 – Pathètique
Discussion
• The hand-full of Russian composers
criticized Tchaikovsky because he didn’t
use Russian melodies. Should music be
nationalistic?
Giuseppe Verdi
• Greatest Italian style opera
• Excellent librettos
• Orchestra an important component
– Aida
– La Traviata
– Rigoletto
• La Donna e Mobile
Discussion
• Why has Romantic music remained so
popular?
Principles of Art
• Abandoned strict rules of neoclassical
• Conveyed personal feeling of artist
• Used nationalism
• Depicted the exotic
• Landscapes became important
"If you want to do art
you must first study the
rules, second study the
great masters, third
forget the rules,
because genius begins
where trite rules end
but you can't get there
until you've obeyed the
rules first."
– Sir Joshua Reynolds
(1723-1792)
Francisco Goya -
Classical Period
Franciso Goya – Romantic Period
3rd of May 1808
Eugene Delacroix
Liberty Leading the People
Delacroix
The Death of Sardanapalus
Joseph Mallord William Turner
The Fighting "Temeraire"
Joseph Mallord William Turner
The Slave Ship
John Constable
Hay Wain
Literature
Romantic Period
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
• Raised the level of
German literature
• The Sorrows of Young
Werther
• Dr. Faustus
Discussion
• Why did Goethe’s writings have such a
profound effect on the population?
Sir Walter Scott
• Historical novels
– Ivanhoe
– Lady of the Lake
Leo Tolstoy
• Russian
• War and Peace
• Anna Karenina
• Born to nobility but lived
on simple farm
• Freed the serfs
Victor Hugo
• Son of Napoleonic general
• Involved in French politics
• Hunchback of Notre Dame
• Les Miserables
Les Miserables
Alexandre Dumas
• Imitated style of Scott
• Novels supported
extravagant life
– Employed several people
• Count of Monte Cristo
• The Three Musketeers
• The Man in the Iron Mask
Discussion
• What was the principal message of Scott,
Tolstoy, Hugo, and Dumas?
William Wordsworth
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
• English
• Lyrical ballads
Five years have past; five summers, with the length
Of five long winters! and again I hear
These waters, rolling from their mountain-springs
With a soft inland murmur. Once again
Do I behold these steep and lofty cliffs,
That on a wild secluded scene impress
Thoughts of more deep seclusion; and connect
The landscape with the quiet of the sky.
William Wordsworth
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
• English
• Lyrical ballads
– Suspension of disbelief
– Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Water, water, every where,
And all the boards did shrink ;
Water, water, every where,
Nor any drop to drink.
Lord Byron
• Art was an inner expression
• Childe Harold
• The Flying Dutchman
• The Wandering Jew
Percy Bysshe Shelley
• English
• Strongly liberal
• Friends with Lord Byron
• Married Mary Wollstonecraft
– Frankenstein
Discussion
• Which is more difficult, creativity within the
form or ignoring the form?
Thank You
Creativity in emotion
