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Unit 1 Section A
Time-Conscious Americans
AIR FORCE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS
Time-Conscious Americans
Pre-reading Activities
B
Lead-in A C Text Study
CONTENTS
Paragraph E D
Summary
Writing
Lead-in
Proverbs about
time
A
What do
Americans do
with time?
预习 课文 小结 写作
预习 课文 小结 写作 Back
Tips
Are there any proverbs bound up with time in
both Chinese and American cultures?
1) Time is money.
时间就是金钱。/ 一寸光阴一寸金。
2) Time is life and when the idle
man kills time, he kills himself.
时间就是生命，懒人消耗时间就是消耗自己
的生命。
3) Time flies like an arrow, and time lost
never returns. 光阴似箭，一去不返。
4) Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。
随 笔
预习 课文 小结 写作 Back
Tips
Do you know what Americans do with time?
1) They commit themselves to creating a steady flow
of time-saving devices, such as …
2) They seldom waste time assessing
others over small talks or meals;
3) They carry around their pocket planners to
keep track of appointments and deadlines;
4) They do their utmost to squeeze more
life out of their time;
5) They see punctuality as the soul of business;
6) They always do their business in a hurry …
随 笔
Pre-reading Activities
Listen and
Answer
Compound
B Dictation
Watch and
Discuss
导入 课文 小结 写作
导入 课文 小结 写作
Listen and Answer Back
Tapescript
Directions: Listen to a passage about people’s
attitude toward time in the US and answer the
following questions according to what you hear.
1. What precious resource do
Key: Time.
Americans value?
Key: Short conversations or waste
2. What is considered to be asmall of
exchanges with
time in the US? strangers.
3. What do you think of time-conscious
Americans? (open-ended)
随 笔 复合听写 视频讨论
Compound Dictation 导入 课文 小结 写作 Back
Directions: You will hear a
passage three times. When
the passage is read for the
second time, you are required
to fill in the blanks numbered
from S1 to S8 with the exact
words you have just heard. For
blanks numbered S9 to S11 you
are required to fill in the
missing information. For these
blanks, you can either use the
exact words you have just
heard or write down the main
points in your own words. Now
listen to the passage.
For Details
随 笔 听力简答 视频讨论
导入 课文 小结 写作
Compound Dictation Back
To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing
respect for other people’s time. Being more than
ten minutes late to an appointment usually calls
apology
for an [S01] _______, and maybe an explanation.
People who are running late often call ahead to
delay
let others know of the [S02] _____.
lifestyles
American [S03] ________ show how much
people respect the time of others. When people
plan an event, they often set the time days or
weeks in [S04] advance
_______.
随 笔 听力简答 视频讨论
导入 课文 小结 写作
Compound Dictation Back
Once the time is fixed, it takes almost an [S05]
emergency
_________ to change it. If people want to come to
your house for a friendly visit, they will usually call
convenient
first to make sure it is [S06] __________. Only very
close friends will just “drop by” unannounced. Also,
people [S07] _______ to call others late at night for
hesitate
vary
fear they might be in bed. The time may [S08] _____,
but most folks think twice about calling after 10:00
p.m.. To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock.
[S09] ______________________________________
People in other cultures value relationships
__________________.
more than schedules
随 笔 听力简答 视频讨论
导入 课文 小结 写作
Compound Dictation Back
In these societies, people don’t try to control
Many Eastern
time, but to experience it. [S10] _____________
cultures, for example, view time as a cycle
____________________________________. The
rhythm of nature—from the passing of the
seasons to the monthly cycle of the moon —
shapes their view of events. People learn to
As a
respond to their environment. [S11] ________
result, they find it easier to “go with the flow”
_________________________________________
than Americans, who like plans to be fixed and
_________________________________________
unchangeable
____________.
随 笔 听力简答 视频讨论
Watch and Discuss 导入 课文 小结 写作 Back
Directions:
Watch the video and then discuss the topics as follows:
1. What does time mean to us? key
2. What should we do with time? key
Video watching
随 笔 听力简答 复合听写
导入 课文 小结 写作 Back
What does time mean to us?
They seize philosopher really means, different
A western every golden minute to make money.
When the fact that time is to say “The
Despiteasked what timeused valuable, people
By contrast, comeis the sacrifice For example,
greatestmay toin up with distinctive replies. A
deal withsacrifice different ways. of time.” time
people time the Chinese businessmen,
means an interpersonal Chinese saying “An
Whereas we havemindas network.
man of practical an would say time is
Americans value timeold something They seize
everyof time cannot be into shape. time time
inch occasionato get of wisdom would say as
money, while man it Chinese treat
irrecoverable while thebought by an inch of
gold”. Clearly, although people the American
something enjoyable. Besides, toare different in
is life.
approach, they all agree that time
businessmen, time signifies money.is precious.
For more 返回
随 笔 听力简答 复合听写
导入 课文 小结 写作 Back
What should we do with time?
Onlyas we have seen, time should be the
Just when time in our lifetime into precious
The waste ofwe pourour eyesis indeed athe
valuable things willone’s us is feel the awareness
resource of killing we never endowed of the
equivalentas every one of life, whileguiltywith
life we shouldonce. As the our deathbeds we
lifetime only be equal to cherishing one’s life.
of time have spent. And onsaying goes, “All time
will not be cursed is past.” (光阴一去不复返)
is no time we should make best of our have
Therefore,when it with the idea that wetime,
idled away our time, energy and attention to
devoting allour life. rise of China, we college
As new hopes for the
what counts much to our life. treasure our
students have an obligation to
time and work hard at the task of saving time.
For more 返回
随 笔 听力简答 复合听写
Text Study
New Words
Text Reading
C
Main Ideas &
Structure
导入 预习 小结 写作
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
budget v. / vi. / n. 作出安排 / 制定预算 / [C] 预算
charge v. 向···收费, 要价
acute a. 1. 敏感的; 敏锐的 2. 严重的
hourglass n. [C] (计时用的) 沙漏
restless a. 烦躁的; 不安静的
restlessly ad. 烦躁地; 不安静地
elbow vt. / n. 用肘推 (或撞) 人 / [C] 肘
abrupt a. 1. 粗鲁的, 无礼的 2. 突然的
opening a. / n. 开始的/[C]开业典礼; 空缺职位
随 笔 课文阅读 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
ritual a./n. 例行的 / [C, U] 惯例
interaction n. [C, U] 1. 交流 2. 相互作用
convention n. 1. [C, U]习俗; 惯例 2.[C]会议
leisure n. 1. [U] 空闲 2. [U] 悠闲, 安逸
leisurely a. 从容的; 不匆忙的
assess vt. 评价, 评估
surroundings n. (pl.) 周围的事物; 环境
probe v./n. 调查; 探究 / [C] 探针
social a. 1. 社会的 2. 社交的
随 笔 课文阅读 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
socially ad. 与社会 (或社交) 相关地
tick vi. / n. 滴答响; [sing.] 滴答声
consequently ad. 因此, 所以
device n. [C] 1. 装置 2. 方法, 手段
fax n. [C] 传真; 传真机
email n. [C, U] 电子邮件
given prep. 如果考虑到
gathering n. [C] 集会, 聚会
impersonality n. [U] 无人情味
随 笔 课文阅读 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
electronic a. 1. 使用电子设备的 2. 电子的
significance n. [sing., U] 重要性; 重要意义
conduct vt./n. 1.实施 2.传导 / [U] 行为, 举止
increasingly ad. 日益; 愈加
conference n. [C] (正式) 会议
teleconference n. [C] 远程会议
obtain vt. 获得, 得到
superb a. 极好的
whereas conj. 然而; 但是
随 笔 课文阅读 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
postal a. 邮政的; 邮寄的
efficient a. 效率高的
impolite a. 无礼的, 失礼的
elapse vi. (时间) 过去, 逝去
skillful a. 熟练的; 有技巧的
skillfulness n. [U] 熟练; 技巧
competent a. 有能力的; 能干的; 胜任的
fulfill vt. 1. 履行; 执行 2. 实现; 完成
capital n. [sing., U] 资本; 资金
随 笔 课文阅读 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
fall behind 落在···后面
result in 导致; 造成···结果
run out 用完; 耗尽
in a rush 匆忙地
go with 同时发生; 伴随
work at 致力于; 从事
in person 亲身; 亲自
due to 由于
pour into 大量投入 (精力或金钱等)
随 笔 课文阅读 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Time-Conscious Americans
Para. 1 Americans believe no one
stands still. If you are not moving
ahead, you are falling behind. This
attitude results in a nation of people committed
to researching, experimenting and exploring.
Time is one of the two elements that Americans
save carefully, the other being labor.
随 笔 词汇学习 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Para. 2 “We are slaves to nothing but the
clock, ” it has been said. Time is treated as if it
were something almost real. We budget it, save
it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it;
we also charge for it. It is a precious resource.
Many people have a rather acute sense of the
shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have
run out of a person’s hourglass, they cannot be
replaced. We want every minute to count.
随 笔 词汇学习 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Para. 3a A foreigner’s first impression of the
US is likely to be that everyone is in a rush—
often under pressure. City people always
appear to be hurrying to get where they are
going, restlessly seeking attention in a store,
or elbowing others as they try to complete
their shopping. 句型 Racing through daytime
meals is part of the pace of life in this country.
Working time is considered precious.
随 笔 词汇学习 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Para. 3b Others in public eating-places are
waiting for you to finish so they, too, can be
served and get back to work within the time
allowed. You also find drivers will be abrupt
and people will push past you. You will miss
smiles, brief conversations, and small exchanges
with strangers. Don’t take it personally. This is
because people value time highly, and they
resent someone else “wasting” it beyond a
certain appropriate point.
随 笔 词汇学习 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Para. 4a Many new arrivals in
the States will miss the opening
exchanges of a business call, for
example. They will miss the ritual
interaction that goes with a
welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a
convention in their own country. They may
miss leisurely business chats in a restaurant or
coffee house.
随 笔 词汇学习 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Para. 4b Normally, Americans do not assess
their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over
extended small talk; much less do they take
them out for dinner, or around on the
golf course while they develop a sense
of trust. 句型 Since we generally assess
and probe professionally rather than
socially, we start talking business very
quickly. Time is, therefore, always ticking
in our inner ear.
随 笔 词汇学习 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Para. 5 Consequently, we work hard at the
task of saving time. We produce a steady flow
of labor-saving devices; we communicate
rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails
rather than through personal contacts, which
though pleasant, take longer—especially given
our traffic-filled streets. 句型 We, therefore, save
most personal visiting for after-work hours or
for social weekend gatherings.
随 笔 词汇学习 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Para. 6a To us the impersonality of
electronic communication has little or no
relation to the significance of the matter
at hand. In some countries no major
business is conducted without eye contact,
requiring face-to-face conversation. 句型
随 笔 词汇学习 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Para. 6b In America, too, a final agreement
will normally be signed in person. However,
people are meeting increasingly on television
screens, conducting teleconferences to settle
problems not only in this country but also—
by satellite—internationally.
随 笔 词汇学习 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Para. 7 The US is definitely a telephone country.
Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct
business, to chat with friends, to make or break
social appointments, to say “Thank you”, to
shop and to obtain all kinds of information.
Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of
time. This is due partly to the fact that the
telephone service is superb here, whereas the
postal service is less efficient. 句型
随 笔 词汇学习 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Para. 8a Some new arrivals will come from
cultures where it is considered impolite to
work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of
time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes
as if the task being considered were
insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. 句型
Assignments are, consequently, given added
weight by the passage of time.
随 笔 词汇学习 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Para. 8b In the US, however, it is taken as a
sign of skillfulness or being competent to
solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully,
with speed. Usually, the more important a
task is, the more capital, energy, and
attention will be poured into it in order to
“get it moving”.
随 笔 词汇学习 课文分析
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Part I Part II Part III
Main Idea of the Text
The is one is made up of eight paragraphs, and,
Timepassageof the two elements Americans have
ever cherished most, because they believe time,
according to the pattern “presentation—
once run out, can never be replaced. In view of
illustration—restatement of the general idea”
that, Americans commit themselves to producing
the author mainly employs in his make every
so many time-saving devices as to writing, it can
minute count. Besides, to solve a problem or
three parts.
fall intojob with speed is always taken in U.S.A
fulfill a
as a sign of being competent.
For detail
Structure of the Text
随 笔 词汇学习 课文阅读
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Part I Part II Part III
Main Idea of Part I
[Paras. 1-2 ] To Americans, time lost can not be
The author presents the general idea of the
replaced. So time is always a precious resource
passage—Americans value time greatly—by
they are committed to saving by all means.
coming straight to the point.
For
detail
Devices for Its Development
随 笔 词汇学习 课文阅读
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Part I Part II Part III
Main Idea of Part II
[Paras. 3–7] To make every minute count,
Americans work hard at the task of saving time
The author mainly employs deduction and
in their daily life, business and work. That is
why they illustrate their business in a save
contrast to always dohow American people hurry
and produce a steady flow of time-saving devices.
time.
For
detail
Devices for Its Development
随 笔 词汇学习 课文阅读
导入 预习 小结 写作 Back
Part I Part II Part III
Main Idea of Part III
[Para. 8 ] In contrast to some peoples who would
give added weight to the task on which more
time is spent, American people focus more of
The author applies contrast in this part to
their minds on how to fulfill an important task
idea of the passage.
restate the mainon how to “get it moving” as
with speed and
soon as possible, which serves as an echo to what
is stated at the beginning. For detail
Devices for Its Development
随 笔 词汇学习 课文阅读
Summary
English Equivalents
of Chinese
D Creative Application of
Compatible Expressions
Further Application of
Productive Patterns
导入 预习 课文 写作
导入 预习 课文 写作
English Equivalents of Chinese Back
1. 停止不前 to stand still
2. 致力于 to be committed to
3. 造成······的结果 result in
4. 说明；解释 to account for
5. 宝贵资源 precious resource
6. 想使每分钟有意义 to want every minute to count
7. 想引起别人注意 to seek attention
8. 生活的节奏 the pace of life
9. 在允许的时间内 within the time allowed
10. 与陌生人闲聊 small exchanges with a stranger
随 笔 短语应用 句型应用
导入 预习 课文 写作
English Equivalents of Chinese Back
11. 同时发生；伴随 to go with
12. 在轻松的环境里 in relaxed surroundings
13. 增进信任······· to develop a sense of trust
14. 千方百计地做 to work hard at the task of
15. 在手边 at hand
16. 亲身；亲自 in person
17. 部分由于 to be due partly to
18. 在······眼里 in one’s eyes
19. 随着时间流逝 by the passage of time
20. 使工作开展起来 to get things moving
随 笔 短语应用 句型应用
Creative Application of 导入 预习 课文 写作 Back
Compatible Expressions
1. 落后；跟不上 to fall behind
2. 处于压力之下 under pressure
3. 匆匆完成 to race through
4. 与······关系不大或 to have little or no relation to
没有关系
5. 更加重视······ to give added weight to
随 笔 短语应用 句型应用
Further Application of 导入 预习 课文 写作 Back
Productive Patterns
1. 用于强调“某Sb. do not do sth.; much less do
人绝不会做某事” sb. do sth. else.
2. 用于强调“对 Sb. do sth. by / through … rather
某人做事的辩证 than by / through …, which,
分析” though …, … — especially given …
3. 用于表述“两 To some, sth. has little relation to
种人在事物认识 sth. else. To others, nothing can be
上的鲜明反差” done without (doing) sth. else.
随 笔 词组互译 短语应用
新视野 － 短 语 应 用 导入 预习 课文 写作 Back
求助于: to fall back upon
他之所以被重用，是 短
未能符合: 语 to fall down on
因为他总能尽职尽责。 逆
与······失和: 译
to fall out with
失败；落空: to fall through
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
be reason key he is put never fall down
The put in awhy position /in a key position is
on he has never
that obligations fallen down on obligations.
新视野 － 短 语 应 用 导入 预习 课文 写作 Back
在压力下:
医学界没能控制住病 短
under stress
在控制中:
毒，这将使每位市民 语 under control
逆
在······威胁之下:
都置于被感染的威胁 译
under the threat of
之下。
受到怀疑: under suspicion
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
The medical community failed to keep the
The medical community / keep the virus
virus under control, which put every citizen
under control / get infected
under the threat of getting infected.
新视野 － 短 语 应 用 导入 预习 课文 写作 Back
经历: to go through
医生说如果他能度过 短
用完，完成某事，通过: 语 to get through
当晚，他活下来的可 逆
经历某事而幸存: 译
to live through
能性就很大。
传来；康复，还活着: to come through
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
live through that night / stand a great
The doctor said if he could live through that
chance stood a great chance of survival.
night, heof survival
新视野 － 短 语 应 用 导入 预习 课文 写作 Back
家庭背景与他事业
与······没有关系: 短
1) have nothing to do with
语
上的成就无关。 逆 2) have no bearing on
译 3) have no connection with
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
family background / one’s achievements in
His family background has no bearing on his
achievements in career.
career
新视野 － 短 语 应 用 导入 预习 课文 写作 Back
由于农业对一个国家
重视: 短 Attach / lend weight to
的经济发展十分重要，
非常重要: 语 be of great weight
逆
我国开始更加重视这
很重要 / 不重要: 译
carry much / little
一问题。 weight
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
economic development / be of great the
Since agriculture is of great weight toweight
/ attach development of
economicadded weight to a nation, our
country begins to attach added weight to it.
导入
新视野 － 短 语 应 用 预习 课文 写作 Back
他对自己父母的教诲都不理睬，更别说听你
的建议了。
创 新 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
sb’s teaching / ear a deaf ear to teaching,
He turns a deaf turnto his parents’sth. /
follow your advice
much less will he follow your advice.
新视野 － 短 语 应 用 导入 预习 课文 写作 Back
人获得知识要靠勤奋而不是靠投机。尽管后者
更省力，但却是一种自我欺骗，特别是考虑到
未来职业的需要。
创 新 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
One should acquire knowledge through
acquire rather than through diligence
diligence knowledge / through trickery, /
through trickery / from hard work, is
which, though freerfree from hard worka/ a
self-deception / the demand of future
self-deception—especially given the demand
career
of future career.
新视野 － 短 语 应 用 导入 预习 课文 写作 Back
在一些人看来，真爱与财富的数量无多大关系；
然而在另一些人看来，没有充足的金钱免谈爱情。
创 新 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
To some people, true love has little relation
to the amount of wealth. To others, no access
the amount of wealth / adequate money /
no access be allowed without
to love canto sth. / be allowed adequate
money.
Paragraph Writing
Writing
写作模式 写作实践
导入 预习 课文 小结
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
Statement
Details
Reason
For details
随 笔 写作实践
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
General statement: A general statement
is presented at the beginning of the
paragraph.
Specific details: Next come the details to
illustrate the general point of view.
Reason: The reason for the viewpoint is
presented.
For example
随 笔 写作实践
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
Example:
The US is definitely a telephone country.
(General statement)
For more
随 笔 写作实践
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
Almost everyone uses the telephone to
conduct business, to chat with friends,
to make or break social appointments,
to say “Thank you”, to shop and to
obtain all kinds of information.
(Specific details)
For more
随 笔 写作实践
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
Telephones save the feet and endless
amounts of time. This is due partly to the
fact that the telephone service is superb
here, whereas the postal service is less
efficient. (Reason)
随 笔 写作实践
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
写作实践
Directions: Have a look at the outline and
the sample paragraph that has been
written in the same text structure as you
have analyzed.
随 笔 写作模式
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
General statement: Computers will play an
increasingly important role in our daily life.
Specific details:
● learn about news worldwide
● evaluate and treat sickness
● show routes, take money from our bank
accounts
● take care of regular duties in the home
Reason: Computers work efficiently.
随 笔 写作模式
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
[Sample Composition]
Computers will play an increasingly
important role in our daily life. (General
statement) With computers linked to the
Internet, we can stay indoors and learn
about news worldwide. (Detail 1) Doctors
will use computers to evaluate and treat
sickness. (Detail 2) Computers in cars will
show our routes, take money from our
bank accounts, identify motor problems,
随 笔 写作模式
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
figure out repair costs and locate repair
shops. (Detail 3) Home computers will take
care of regular duties in the home, help
with homework, and order food. (Detail 4)
This is because computers can work more
efficiently. (Reason)
随 笔 写作模式
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
Writing Assignment
Directions: Write a paragraph with a
general statement supported by specific
details and reasons on one of the following
topics. One topic has been given a detailed
outline that you can follow.
随 笔 写作模式
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
General statement: Environmental protection
has become a major concern for society.
Specific details:
● teachers and students discuss
environmental protection
● city planners take environmental
problems into consideration
● factories reduce pollution
Reason:
● air and water pollution affects everyone
● cities to survive
● businesses to make a profit
随 笔 写作模式
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
More topics:
● Computers are of great use to our daily
life.
● English is becoming more important.
随 笔 写作模式
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
[参考范文]
A larger and larger part of society is
expressing its concern about
environmental protection. Active in their
concern, teachers and students hold
specific meetings to discuss environmental
protection. Also, city planners take
environmental problems into serious
consideration. And, though reducing
随 笔 写作模式
导入 预习 课文 小结 Back
pollution can be expensive, factories often
take every possible measure to do their
part. Many people are concerned and
active because air and water pollution
affects everyone and makes it difficult for
cities to survive and businesses to make a
profit.
随 笔 写作模式 End
新视野 大学英语
注重时间的美国人
Para. 1 美国人认为没有人能停止不前。如果你不
求进取，你就会落伍。这种态度造就了一个投身
于研究、实验和探索的民族。时间是美国人注意
节约的两个要素之一，另一要素是劳力。
新视野 大学英语
Para. 2 人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。”
人们似乎是把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的
东西来对待。我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时
间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的
利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。
时间是一种宝贵的资源，许多人都深感人生的短
暂。时光一去不复返。我们应当让每一分钟都过
得有意义。
新视野 大学英语
Para. 3a 外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每
个人都匆匆忙忙——常常处于压力之下。城里人
看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商
店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服
务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。
白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分反映出这
个国家的生活节奏。人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。
新视野 大学英语
Para. 3b 在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人
尽快吃完，以便他们也能及时用餐，按时赶
回去工作。你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人
们推搡着在你身边过去。你会怀念微笑、简
短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。不要觉
得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们都非常
珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间
到不恰当的地步。
新视野 大学英语
Para. 4a 许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜
访等场合开始时的寒暄。他们也会怀念那种一
边喝茶或喝咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流，这也
许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。他们也许还会
怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠
闲的交谈。
新视野 大学英语
Para. 4b 一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻
松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的
客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过
程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫
球。既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来
评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。
因此，时间老是在我们心中滴滴答答地响着。
新视野 大学英语
Para. 5 因此，我们千方百计地节约时间。我
们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置；我们通过发
传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行
交流，而不是通过直接接触。虽然面对面接触
令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间, 尤其是在马
路上交通拥挤的时候。因此，我们把大多数个
人拜访安排在下班以后的时间里或周末的社交
聚会上。
新视野 大学英语
Para. 6a 就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人
情味与我们手头上事情的重要性之间很少
有或完全没有关系。在有些国家, 如果没
有目光接触，就做不成大生意，这需要面
对面的交谈。
新视野 大学英语
Para. 6b 在美国，最后协议通常也需要本
人签字。然而现在人们越来越多地在电视
屏幕上见面，开远程会议不仅能解决本国
的问题，而且还能通过卫星解决国际问题。
新视野 大学英语
Para. 7 美国无疑是一个电话王国。几乎每个
人都在用电话做生意、与朋友聊天、安排或取
消社交约会、表达谢意、 购物和获得各种信
息。电话不但能免去走路之劳，而且还能节约
大量时间。其部分原因在于这样一个事实：美
国的电话服务是一流的，而邮政服务的效率则
差一些。
新视野 大学英语
Para. 8a 有些初来美国的人来自文化背景不同
的其他国家，在他们的国家，人们认为工作太
快是一种失礼。在他们看来，如果不花一定时
间来处理某件事的话，那么这件事就好像是无
足轻重的，不值得给予适当的重视。因此, 人
们觉得用的时间长会增加所做事情的重要性。
新视野 大学英语
Para. 8b 但在美国，能迅速而又成功地解
决问题或完成工作则被视为是有水平、有
能力的标志。通常情况下，工作越重要，
投入的资金、精力和注意力就越多，其目
的是“使工作开展起来”。
新视野 主 题 导 入 Back
[For reference] More proverbs include:
5) Time heals all wounds. 时间能够治疗一切创伤。
6) Time tries truth. 时间检验真理。
7) Time works wonders. 时间可以创造奇迹。
8) Never put off till tomorrow what may be
done today. 今日事，今日毕。
9) One today is worth two tomorrows. 一个今天
等于两个明天。
10) Time is like the water sucked in sponge: if
you squeeze, you can always get some. 时间像海
绵里的水，只要去挤总会有的。
新视野 主 题 导 入 Back
[For reference] Americans see time as something more
valuable than money, because time, once spent, will
never come back. In view of that, they conserve and
manage time by all means, which include the following:
1) They commit themselves to creating a steady flow
of time-saving devices, such as telephone, fax, airplane,
mobile phone, automobile, Internet, e-mail, …
2) They seldom waste their time assessing others over
small talks or meals. Instead, they assess and probe
professionally. For there is always a clock ticking in
their inner ear.
3) They carry around their pocket planners, most in
an electronic form, to keep track of appointments and
deadlines. For more
新视野 主 题 导 入 Back
4) They do their utmost to squeeze more life out of
their time. Just as Benjamin Franklin put it like this:
“Do you love life? Then do not waste time, for that is
the stuff life is made of.”
5) They see punctuality as the soul of business as
well as a way of showing respect for others’ time. One
needs to make one’s apology for being late for more
than 10 minutes.
6) They always do things in a hurry, racing through
one thing after the next, and unable to relax and
enjoy themselves. Foreign observers see them as
slaves to the clock. But in the eyes of Americans, time,
like money, slips all too easily through one’s fingers;
and time, like weather, is very hard to predict.
新视野 － 短 语 应 用
短
不怕落后多远，就怕 语
落后；跟不上 to fall behind
失去前进的勇气。 逆
译
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
be better than / lose the courage to do than
However far you fall behind, it is better sth. /
losing the courage to move ahead.
move ahead
新视野 － 短 语 应 用
短
他作为金钱的奴隶，
语
是······的奴隶，
除了赚钱，对任何别 逆
be a slave to
受······支配 译
的事情都不感兴趣。
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
anything other than / he takes no / take
Being a slave to money,make moneyinterest
no interest in sth.
in anything other than making money.
新视野 － 短 语 应 用
深感知识匮乏的人， 短
语 to have a rather
深刻感受到
往往会有更大的动力 逆
acute sense of
译
去学习。
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
He who has a rather acute sense of lack of
lack of knowledge / tend to / have a greater
knowledge tends to have a greater motive to
motive to do sth.
learn.
新视野 － 短 语 应 用
王进喜生前常说，井 短
语
处于压力之下
没压力不出油；人没 逆
under pressure
译
压力轻飘飘。
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
During his lifetime, Wang Jinxi used to say,
during one’s lifetime / under no pressure /
“A well, under no pressure, does not produce
produce oil / under no stress / grow light-
oil, while a man, under no stress, grows light-
headed
headed.”
新视野 － 短 语 应 用
由于急着去赴约， 短
语
匆匆完成
她匆匆忙完手头的 逆
to race through
译
事情。
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
eager to do sth. / fulfill an appointment /
Eager to fulfill an appointment, she raced
the matter matter
through the at handat hand.
新视野 － 短 语 应 用
就此事而言，不宜矫 短
语 beyond a certain
不得当地，不得体
枉过正。
地
逆
appropriate point
译
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
As far as the matter is concerned, it is no
as far as sth. is concerned / it is no good
good righting it beyond a certain appropriate
doing sth. / right sth.
point.
新视野 － 短 语 应 用
短
常发短信被视为增进 语
一系列的 a steady flow of
友谊的流行方式。 逆
译
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
A steady flow of short messages is taken as a
a steady flow of short messages / be taken
popular way of enriching friendship.
as / enrich friendship / a popular way of
新视野 － 短 语 应 用
他学习差与他的智 短
语 to have little or no
与······关系不大或
力无关，但与他的
没关系
逆
relation to
懒惰有很大关系。 译
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
one’s poor performance study has
His poor performance inin study / no
intelligence / intelligence, but has much
relation to hislaziness / have much to do to
with
do with his laziness.
新视野 － 短 语 应 用
在一些女孩看来，对 短
男友的冷淡会使她们
更加重视······
语
to give added
逆
在爱情游戏中的身价 译 weight to
进一步加码。
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
in the eyes of sb. / one’s indifference to sb. /
In the eyes of some girls, their indifference to
one’s status in will give of love
their boyfriendsthe game added weight to
their status in the game of love.
新视野 － 短 语 应 用
现如今，玩不转人际 短
被视为······的标志
语 to be taken as a sign
关系被视为是无能的 逆
of
译
表现。
短 语 应 用 Back 意 群 提 示
Nowadays, one’s failure to handle
one’s failure to do sth. / handle interpersonal
interpersonal relations well is taken as a sign
relations well / be incompetent
of being incompetent.
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，
在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们
服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘推搡他人。
原 句 译 文 Back 逆 译 练 习
City people always appear to be hurrying to
get where they are going, restlessly seeking
attention in a store, or elbowing others as they
try to complete their shopping.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
Sb. does sth., doing … and doing … (渐进句) 某人
做某事，做······，做······
句 型 提 炼 Back 应 用 提 示
用于描述“某人做事的细节”。
产生式应用
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
他热衷于邪门歪道，不停地拉关系，走后门。
典 型 例 句 Back 意 群 提 示
take great pleasure in sth. / dishonest
He takes great pleasure in dishonest practices,
practices / never cease to underhand
never ceasing to establish do sth. / establish
underhand and exploit / exploit personal
connections connections them for underhand
connections for personal gains
gains.
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通
过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说
会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，
或带他们去打高尔夫球。
原 句 译 文 Back 逆 译 练 习
Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors
in such relaxed surroundings over extended
small talk; much less do they take them out for
dinner, or around on the golf course while they
develop a sense of trust.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
Sb. do not do sth., much less do sb. do sth.
else. 某人不做某事，更不用说做其他事。
句 型 提 炼 Back 应 用 提 示
用于强调“某人绝不会做某事”。
产生式应用
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
她从不讨好别人，更不会委身事人。
典 型 例 句 Back 意 群 提 示
She never seeks favor with others, much less
seek favor with others / submit oneself to the
service submit herself to the service of
does sheof others
others.
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
······我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他
人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。虽然
面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间, 尤
其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。
原 句 译 文 Back 逆 译 练 习
…we communicate rapidly through faxes,
phone calls or emails rather than through
personal contacts, which though pleasant,
take longer—especially given our traffic-
filled streets. 产生式提炼
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
Sb. do sth. by / through … rather than by /
through …, which though …, … — especially
given … 某人是通过······而不是通过······做某事。
虽然后者·····， 但却······，尤其是考虑到······。
句 型 提 炼 Back 应 用 提 示
用于强调“对某人做事的辩证分析”。
产生式应用
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
在这种下雪天，我宁愿乘公交, 也不愿自己开车
去上班。虽然自己开车自在，但更加危险，特别
是考虑到我糟糕的驾驶技术。
典 型 例 句 Back 意 群 提 示
On such a snowy day, I would go to work by
one’s
on such a snowy day / go to work / which
bus rather than by driving my car,
poor skills in driving
though comfortable, is more dangerous—
especially given my poor skills in driving.
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头
的事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有关系。在
有些国家, 如果没有目光接触，就做不成大生意，
这需要面对面的交谈。
原 句 译 文 Back 逆 译 练 习
To us the impersonality of electronic
communication has little or no relation to the
significance of the matter at hand. In some
countries no major business is conducted
without eye contact, requiring face-to-face
conversation. 产生式提炼
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
To some, sth. have little relation to sth. else.
To others, nothing can be done without
(doing) sth. else. 在一些人看来，某事与他事无
关；然而对另一些人而言，没有(做)他事什么都
做不成。
句 型 提 炼 Back 应 用 提 示
用于表述“两种人在事物认识上的鲜明反差”。
产生式应用
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
在有些地方，买卖成
功与宴请关系不大。
而在另外一些地方，
没有一连串宴请则无
法成交。
典 型 例 句 Back 意 群 提 示
In some places, success in a deal has little
to feasts. a steady flow places,
relation in a deal /While in otherof feastsno
success
deal can be made without a steady flow of
feasts.
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
其部分原因在于这样一个事实：美国的电话服务
是一流的，而邮政服务的效率则差一些。
原 句 译 文 Back 逆 译 练 习
This is due partly to the fact that the
telephone service is superb here, whereas
the postal service is less efficient.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
Sb. / Sth. does / is sth., whereas / while sb. /
sth. else does / is sth. else 某人／某物······，然
而另一人／物却······
句 型 提 炼 Back 应 用 提 示
用于表述“两事物之间的反差”。
产生式应用
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
人的生命是有限的，
而其对生命的热情却
是无限的。
典 型 例 句 Back 意 群 提 示
passion for
One’s life/ is finite, whereas one’sbe infinite
be finite one’s passion for life /
life is infinite.
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
在他们看来，如果不花一定时间来处理某件事情，
那么这件事就好像是无足轻重的，不值得给予适
当的重视。
原 句 译 文 Back 逆 译 练 习
Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to
elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task
being considered were insignificant, not
worthy of proper respect.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
Unless …, it seems in one’s eyes (to one’s
mind) as if … 如果不······，某人就觉得好像
是······
句 型 提 炼 Back 应 用 提 示
用于表述“某人对某事的感受”。
产生式应用
新视野 － 程序性知识提炼与应用
如果没为孩子提供力所能及的一切，中国父母
就觉得好像对孩子关照不够。
典 型 例 句 Back 意 群 提 示
Unless they provide everything within their
provide everything for sb. / within one’s
power for their child, it seems in the eyes of
power / not care enough for sb.not care
Chinese parents as if they did
enough for him / her.
Bac
新视野 结 构 分 析 Part I Part II Part III k
Time-Conscious Americans
Part One Part Part Three
Two
III, composed
Part II, consisting 2of5the last paragraph
paragraphs (from
Part I, made up of ofparagraphs (Para. 1 and
(Para.38), is intended to restate the Americans
to Para. 7), illustrates how main
Para. 2), serves to present the general idea
of the passage.
statement—Americans’ attitude toward time.
manage and save time to the best of their
advantage.
新视野 结 构 分 析 Part I Part II Part III Bac
k
Coming straight to the point (开门见山法)
The author comes straight to the point from the
very beginning:
Para. 1: Americans believe no one stand still…
Time is one of the two elements that Americans
save carefully.
Para. 2: “We are slaves to nothing but the
clock,” it has been said. Time is treated as if it
were something almost real… We want every
minute to count.
新视野 结 构 分 析 Part I Part II Part III Bac
k
Deduction (演绎法)
General Statement I: Everyone is in a rush—often
under pressure. (Para. 3)
Specific details: drivers will be precious. Others in
3. Working time
2. You also find is considered abrupt and people
public people always appear to for you to finish so
1. City eating-places arewill missbe hurrying to get
will push past you. You waiting smiles, brief
they, too, can be served and get seeking work within
where they are and small exchanges with strangers.
conversations, going, restlessly back to attention in
the timeor elbowing others people value time highly,
a store,3)allowed. is becauseas they try to complete
(Para.
The reason: This (Para. 3)
theirthey resent Racing through daytimeit beyond a
and shopping. someone else “wasting” meals is
part of the pace of life in this country. (Para. 3)
certain appropriate point. (Para. 3)
For more
新视野 结 构 分 析 Part I Part II Part III Bac
k
Deduction (演绎法)
General Statement II: The US is definitely a
telephone country. (Para. 7)
The reason: Telephones save the feet and endless
Specific details:
amounts of time. This the telephoneto the fact that
Almost everyone uses is due partly to conduct
telephoneto chat with friends, to make or break
business, service is superb here, whereas the postal
service is less efficient. (Para. 7)
social appointments, to say “Thank you”, to shop
and to obtain all kinds of information. (Para. 7)
For more For Contrast
新视野 结 构 分 析 Part I Part II Part III Bac
k
Contrast (对照法)
—Normally,
Contrast I: Americans do not assess their
—Manyin such relaxed surroundings over the
visitors new arrivals in the States will miss
extended small talk; a business call, for example.
opening exchanges ofmuch less do they take them
out for dinner, or ritual on the golf course while
They will miss thearoundinteraction that goes
they a welcoming cup of tea Since we generally
with develop a sense of trust.or coffee that may be
assess and probe professionally rather than
a convention in their own country. They may
socially, we start talking business very quickly.
miss leisurely business chats in a restaurant or
Time house. (Para. 4)
coffeeis, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear.
(Para. 4)
For more
新视野 结 构 分 析 Part I Part II Part III Bac
k
Contrast (对照法)
—To us the
Contrast II:impersonality of electronic
communication has no major relation to
—In some countrieslittle or nobusiness is the
significance of the eye contact, requiring face-to-
conducted withoutmatter at hand… In America,
too, conversation. (Para. 6)
face a final agreement will normally be signed in
person. However, people are meeting increasingly
on television screens, conducting “teleconferences”
to settle problems not only in this country but
also—by satellite—internationally. (Para. 6)
For more
新视野 结 构 分 析 Part I Part II Part III Bac
k
Contrast (对照法)
Time is taken in the American culture as follows:
Time is taken in some cultures as follows:
1. It is considered sign of skillfulness orquickly.
1. It is taken as a impolite to work too being
competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job with
(Para. 8)
speed. (Para. 8)are given added weight by the
2. Assignments
passage of the more important a task is, the
2. Usually,time. (Para. 8)
more capital, energy, and attention will be poured
into it in order to “get it moving”.
(Para. 8)
For more
Bac
Listen and Answer k
Time is the same in all places, but people’s
relationship with time is different from country to
country. In the United States, time is a real,
precious resource, and every minute counts. People
here are always in a rush and under pressure.
There are no short conversations or small
exchanges with strangers because people think it is
a waste of time. Does this sound like your country?
If it does not, and if you don’t think you would like
such a place, you would most likely be unhappy in
the United States, where doing things quickly is
seen as a skill.
