Noel

							                                                Canine Parvovirus
                                                         Paige Noël




      CPV containing vesicles                               I




  BACKGROUND & SIGNIFICANCE
•Parvoviridae family
•Discovered May 1978 worldwide
•Suspected to have emerged from
feline panleukopenia virus
•Targets puppies less than 4
months or dogs that have not been
vaccinated
•High risk breeds are Rottweilers &    BIOLOGY OF THE VIRUS/ VIRALI                       FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Doberman Pinchers                      LIFE CYCLE                               •Update current vaccine with new strain
•Symptoms include; lethargy, in        • ssDNA virus                            of virus
appetence, fever, vomiting, &          • linear genome of 5.2 kb& 25-27 nm      •Improve diagnostic tests
diarrhea (often liquid and bloody)     diameter                                 •Continue to research the current
•Can damage the heart muscle in        • icosahedron capsid composed of         strains that are infecting canines
puppies < 10 wks and fetal puppies     60 copies
•Death can occur within 48-72 hrs                                               worldwide
                                       • 11 nucleotide oligomeric fragment
from onset of symptoms                                                          • Continue to educate puppy owners
                                       • genome bound to 60 binding sites
•Cause of death is dehydration         on inside surface of capsid
•High morbidity, high mortality        • 2 ORF encode 4 proteins via                                           References
                                                                                     •
(unless treated early)                 alternative splicing of the mRNAs
                                                                                         American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). 2006
                                                                                         www.avma.org/communications
•Infected > 80 % of domesticated &     • non-enveloped                               •
                                                                                         /brochures/canine_parvo/parvo_brochure.asp
                                                                                         Berns, Kenneth I. 1990. Parvovirus Replication. Microbiological
wild canids worldwide btwn 1978-       • enters host cell via endocytosis            •
                                                                                         Reviews 54(3): 316-329.
                                                                                         Chapman, Michael S. and Rossmann, Michael G. 1995. Single-
1979                                   • viral infectious entry pathway in               stranded DNA-protein interactions in canine parvovirus. Structure
                                                                                         3: 151-162.
•Endemic pathogen & still a            A72 cells begins w/ binding of itself         •   Langeveld, Jan P.M.; Casal, Ignacio J.; Osterhaus, Albert D.M.E.;
                                                                                         Cortés, Elena; Swart, Rik de; Vela, Carmen; Dalsgaard, Kristan; Puijk,
common cause of death in puppies       to 40- to 42- kDa glycoproteins                   Wouter C.; Schaaper, Wim M.M.; and Meloen, Rob H. 1994. First
                                                                                         peptide vaccine providing protection against viral infection in the
•Medical treatment includes; fluids,   • req. low pH to enter cytoplasm                  target animal: Studies of canine parvovirus in dogs. J Virol 68(7):
                                                                                         4506-4513.
antibiotics (for secondary             • endocytotic vesicles transport the          •   Martella, Vito; Cavalli, Alessandra; Decano, Nicola; Elia, Gabriella;
                                                                                         Desario, Costantina; Campolo, Marco; Bozzo, Giancarlo; Tarsitano,
infection), anti-emetics, heat         virus into the nucleus for replication            Elvira; and Buonavoglia, Canio. 2005. Immunogenicity of an
                                                                                         intranasally administered modified live canine parvovirus type 2b
support, plasma (severe cases)         • host cells must be in S-phase b/c               vaccine in pups with maternally derived antibodies. Clin Diagn Lab

•No re-infection ever documented       virus req. DNA poly & more                    •
                                                                                         Immunol 12(10): 1243-1245.
                                                                                         Noel, Paige L. 2006. Veterinary Technician at California Veterinary

•Virus lives in the environment up     replication machinery                         •
                                                                                         Specialists, San Marcos, California since 2003.
                                                                                         Parrish, Colin R. and Kawaoka, Yoshihiro. 2005. The origins of new
                                                                                         pandemic viruses: The acquisition of new host ranges by canine
to 7 years                             • replicates autonomously in rapidly              parvovirus and influenza A viruses. Annu Rev Microbiol 59: 553-586.
•Contracted via ingestion of           proliferating cells
                                                                                     •   Suikkanen, Sanna; Sääjärvi, Katja; Hirsimäki, Jonna; Välilehto, Outi;
                                                                                         Reunanen, Hilkka; Vihinen-Ranta, Maija; and Vuento, Matti. 2002.
infected feces                         • rate of variation since 1978 has
                                                                                         Role of recycling endosomes and lysosomes in dynein-dependent
                                                                                         entry of canine parvovirus. J Virol 76(9): 4401-4411.
•Vaccine is available                  been ~ 1.7 x 10^-4/ site/ yr
                                                                                     •   Vihinen-Ranta, Maija; Kalela, Anne; Mäkinen, Päivi; Kakkola, Laura;
                                                                                         Marjomäki, Varpu; and Vuento, Matti. 1998. Intracellular route of
                                                                                         canine parvovirus entry. J Virol 72(1): 802-806.