Presidents

							        Presidents

From Lincoln to William McKinley
                 Abraham Lincoln
• 1860 to April 15, 1865
• # 1863

•      * President Abraham
    Lincoln issued the
    Emancipation Proclamation
    on January 1, freeing all
    slaves in the states that had
    seceded and that were not
    yet under Northern control.
                Andrew Johnson
• April 15, 1865 to March 3, 1869
• Johnson's administration was one
  of the most controversial in
  American history because of his
  Reconstruction policies aimed at
  restoring the Union after the Civil
  War. As a result, he became the
  first president ever to be
  impeached, although he was
  subsequently acquitted.
        Ulysses Simpson Grant

• 1868 - 1877
• The American people hoped
  for an end to turmoil. Grant
  provided neither vigor nor
  reform. Looking to Congress
  for direction, he seemed
  bewildered. Although a man of
  scrupulous honesty, his
  administration was plagued by
  scandal.
        Rutherford Birchard Hayes
• 1876 - 1881
• Beneficiary of the most fiercely
  disputed election in American
  history
• The popular vote apparently was
  4,300,000 for Tilden to 4,036,000
  for Hayes.
• Commission, made up of eight
  Republicans and seven
  Democrats, determined all the
  contests in favor of Hayes by
  eight to seven. The final electoral
  vote: 185 to 184.
      James Abram Garfield
                   20th President

• 1880 - 1881
• On July 2, 1881, in a
  Washington railroad
  station, an
  embittered attorney
  who had sought a
  consular post shot
  the President.
          Chester Alan Arthur
• 1881 - 1885
• The Arthur Administration
  enacted the first general
  Federal immigration law.
  Arthur approved a
  measure in 1882
  excluding paupers,
  criminals, and lunatics.
             Grover Cleveland
• 1884 to 1889
• The First Democrat elected
  after the Civil.
            Benjamin Harrison
• 1888 to 1893
• The most perplexing
  domestic problem
  Harrison faced was the
  tariff issue. The high
  tariff rates in effect had
  created a surplus of
  money in the Treasury.
  Low-tariff advocates
  argued that the surplus
  was hurting business.
             Grover Cleveland
• 1892 to 1897
• Panic of 1893, Although
  thousands of businesses were
  ruined and more than four
  million were left unemployed,
  Cleveland did little. He
  believed, like most people of
  both major parties, that the
  business cycle was a natural
  occurrence and should not be
  tampered with by politicians.
                 William McKinley
• 1897 to September 14, 1901
• Not prosperity, but foreign policy,
  dominated McKinley's
  Administration. War against Spain

• In the 100-day war, the United States
  destroyed the Spanish fleet outside
  Santiago harbor in Cuba, seized
  Manila in the Philippines, and
  occupied Puerto Rico.
              Theodore Roosevelt
                     September 14, 1901 to 1909


• Roosevelt conceived of
  himself as the representative
  of all the people—farmers,
  laborers, and white collar
  workers no less than
  businessmen—and he strove
  to balance their interests.
• He made the United States a
  world naval power.