The Motherboard

							Components


1)   Motherboard
      2) CPU
1) Motherboard
 The motherboard is the main circuit board
  of a computer.
 EVERYTHING in a computer system is
  connected to it!!!
 Produced in a variety of sizes (a.k.a. form
  factor)
                     Components
   The following are components that are typically
    connected to a motherboard

       CPU
       Hard Drive
       Optical Drive (DVD, CD, etc)‫‏‬
       RAM
       Video Card
       Power supply
     BIOS
   The motherboard contains ports, slots,
    and sockets for a variety of components or
    peripherals




                         A.K.A. ATA
   The chipset is the "glue" that connects the CPU
    to the rest of the motherboard.
       consists of two parts: the north bridge and the south
        bridge


       North bridge
            Memory controller hub
            Handles communication between CPU and memory

       South bridge
            I/O controller hub
            Handles communications between CPU and I/O devices
                 Buses
Buses connect the various parts of the
 motherboard to the CPU through the
 chipset
 The speed of the bus determines how
 fast data can reach the CPU.
A motherboard contains the following
  slots, sockets, and connectors for
             components
        Important Specifications
   CPU Socket – slot that the houses the CPU
    in a computer system.
     Each socket is meant to house specific types
      of CPU’s and may not be compatible with
      others
       BIOS – Basic Input Output
               System
•   BIOS is a built-in software (non-volatile
    chip built into the system on the
    motherboard) that operates the basic
    functions of a computer
•   BIOS contains all the code required to
    control the keyboard, display screen, disk
    drives, a number of miscellaneous
    functions, and loads the Operating
    System.
2) CPU – Central Processing
           Unit
            Central Processing Unit

   The CPU or Central Processing Unit
     The   part of a computer that interprets and
      executes instructions.
     It’s the “brains” of the computer.
     The socket type of the motherboard and CPU
      MUST match!!!
                    Hertz
   One hertz is a one cycle per second

Therefore
1 kilohertz (KHz) = 10241 hertz
1 megahertz (MHz) = 10242 hertz
1 gigahertz (GHz) = 10243 hertz
                            Specifications
   The socket type of the motherboard and CPU MUST match!!!
   Clock rate
         Measured in cycles per second (hertz)
         E.g. megahertz, gigahertz
   Bus
         A circuit that connects one part of the motherboard to another
         The more data a bus can handle at one time, the faster it allows information to
          travel.
         The speed of the bus is measured in megahertz
   FSB (Front Side Bus)
         Subsystem that carries data from the CPU to motherboard (north bridge)
         Measured in megahertz
                      Cache
•   High speed memory residing close to the
    CPU.
    • Designed to supply the CPU with the most
      frequently requested data (taking a fraction of
      the times as normal memory)
    • Tracks instructions, putting the most frequent
      used instruction at the top of the list. Once
      the cache is full, the lowest need is dropped.