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Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Plasma Gasification of Municipal Solid Waste
Final Report
Senior Design II
April 26, 2011
Group Delta
Tien Diep
Kevin Estacio
Sebastian Iskra
Linda Quan
Felix Velazquez
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 1
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Table of Contents
Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………….3
Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………#
Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………#
Appendices:
Design Basis……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….#
Block Flow Diagram…………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………….#
Process Flow Diagram…………………………………………………………….………………………………………………….#
Material and Energy Balance…………………………………………………………………………………………….……….#
Calculations……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….#
Annotated Equipment List………………………………………………………………………………………………………….#
Economic Evaluation…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………...#
Utilities………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….#
Conceptual Control Scheme…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…#
General Arrangement – Major Equipment Layout……………………………………………………………………..#
Distribution and End-Use Issues Review………………………………………………………………………….…………#
Constraints Review………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..#
Applicable Standards………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...#
Project Communications File……………………………………………………………………….…………………………...#
Information Sources and References…...........................................................................................#
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 2
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Executive Summary
In recent years, there has been a world-wide movement to reduce global warming. A
variety of different environmental awareness programs have arisen from this pivotal issue. The
Chicago blue bin program and the decline in plastic bag use in supermarkets are examples of
government and corporation change respectively. In 2008, the EPA documented that recycling
has reduced the amount of waste produced by 7% from 2007. However, Illinois landfills
accepted more than 15 million tons of solid waste in 2008 and 69.5% of that waste came from
the Chicago Metropolitan area. In 2003 there were 50 landfills in Illinois accepting waste; by
2008 there were only 45 landfills. It would be prudent to act quickly and decisively.
The objective of this design project is to build a 5,000 tpd (tons per day) feed plasma
gasification plant that produces useful and safe products. The feed is comprised of mostly
municipal solid waste, but also includes tires with steel belts, metallurgical coke, and limestone.
Currently there are several of these units in operation around the world. There are 2 facilities
in Japan that have been operating commercially since 2002 and there are 2 facilities under
development in the United States. These plasma gasification facilities produce steam and hot
water which is used for power and heat generation. Other byproducts include slag, pure N2,
Ar, and CO2 gases, sulfur and synthetic gas. Slag can be converted to rockwool for insulation
and fertilizers. N2, Ar, and CO2 gases can be sold to other industries. Sulfur can be used for
fertilizer and synthesis gas can be sold to a chemical production plant.
Based on the economic evaluation for this project, the estimated capital cost is 1.1
billion dollars with a breakeven period of 7 years. Although this is a large investment with a
relatively long payback period, the future depends on new methods of waste disposal. The
plant reduces greenhouse gases by curbing the amount of waste going into landfills, it is the
only gasification process in which the feed is a source of revenue, almost all of its byproducts
are profitable, and the underlying technology has been used for years in medical waste
treatment.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 3
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Even though plasma gasification of MSW is considered a relatively new technology,
there are facilities that have been successful. Like these facilities, the plant development will
be staggered, meaning that initially there will be only two plasma gasifiers in which only one
will be in operation to allow for continuous operation during maintenance. Each gasifier can
utilize approximately 1,000tpd (tons per day) of feed. If production goes as planned, additional
gasifiers will be added and the facility will expand accordingly. Therefore, the capital cost of the
pilot plant will cost much less than $1.1 billion.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 4
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Discussion
Plasma gasification converts waste to renewable energy, generates valuable byproducts
and reduces the number of landfills. The plasma gasification process is composed of four main
stages: pre-treatment, gasification process, gas clean-up, and heat recovery. The process begins
by receiving Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) from the Chicago land area, which will be
transported to our facility located in Gary, Indiana. Any recyclable metals from MSW will be
removed by a magnetic conveyor belt. The recyclable metals will stick to the conveyor belt
while the waste is dumped into the lockhopper where it is pressurized before entering the
gasifier unit. Meanwhile, the recyclable metals will be stored in the recycling facility located
within the plant. MSW, metcoke, and flux are fed to the gasifier. The metcoke is consumed by
the reactor at a much slower rate and has a lower reactivity than the waste material, which
allows the metcoke to form a bed in which the waste falls and is gasified.
The gasification process occurs at very high temperatures which causes the feed to
break down and form slag from the inorganic material and gaseous elemental components
from the organic material. Due to the high temperatures of the gasifier, any hydrocarbons
produced by the inorganic material will be broken down as well. The main components of the
gasifier are the plasma torches which will require electricity to operate. Initially, electricity
from an external source will be used but once the plant is fully operational, the electricity that
is generated by the facility can be used to power itself. In order for the torches to operate at its
full potential, a cooling tower is used to avoid a meltdown of the torches from hot
temperatures and maximize the life of the electrodes in the torches.
The third step is the syngas clean-up where hot syngas from the gasifier must be cooled
before entering the gas treatment process. The heat generated from the hot syngas can be
used to heat up water and create steam in the heat recovery system generator (HRSG). This
steam can then be used to produce electricity via the steam turbine. The electricity generated
from the steam turbine can be used to power the plant and the excess electricity can be sold.
The gas treatment process begins with the removal of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen
cyanide, carbonyl sulfide, ammonia and other pollutants by means of the Venturi scrubber. The
dirty syngas is hydrolyzed and the pollutants are removed from the syngas in the form of sour
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 5
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
water. The sour water is then sent to a water treatment plant where it will be cleaned of the
pollutants to prevent any environmental hazards.
Once hydrogen chloride is removed, the syngas enters the Selexol unit where hydrogen
sulfide is removed from the syngas. The hydrogen sulfide then enters the Claus process where it
is converted to sulfur. The clean syngas would then enter the shift reactor to obtain a molar
ratio of 2:1 (Hydrogen to Carbon Monoxide) required by chemical production team which will
produce methanol.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 6
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Recommendations
From an economical and environmental standpoint it is highly recommended to proceed
with the plasma gasification of municipal solid waste venture. Economically, it is a very
profitable process because not only is the feed a source of revenue but nearly all its byproducts
are profitable as well. Since the feed source is mostly comprised of MSW the company will be
paid for all the waste that is used in the form of tipping fees. No other feed sources have this
advantage. Although the profits made from the tipping fees are significant, the majority of
revenues come from syngas and other byproducts. Based on an economic evaluation of the
project, a 5,000tpd facility is able to produce over $365 million a year in gross revenue. That
does not include the revenues from metals that are removed from MSW before it enters the
gasifier.
This process is highly eco-friendly. It transforms unwanted waste into valuable
commodities while diverting waste away from landfills that emit greenhouse gases,
contaminate groundwater, and can harbor diseased rats and flies. With plasma gasification, the
emissions of greenhouse gases are reduced and there will be no contaminated ground water
since waste will be directly fed into the gasifier. As the facility aims to replace landfills it would
be expected that rodents and insects will try to infest the waste storage facility. However
measures will be taken to keep the plant free of varmints which will eliminate the prospect of
harbored diseases.
Gasification has been used for hundreds of years to produce synthesis gas. Plasma
gasification, however, is a relatively new development. Although it may be a risky investment,
there have been multiple facilities that are operating commercially and successfully. Japan
alone has 2 facilities in operation since 2002 and the United States has 2 facilities under
development. Thus far, plasma gasification technology has been promising.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 7
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix I: Design Basis
Appendix IA: Commercial Scale Production
Currently there are only 2 commercial plasma gasification plants that utilize MSW as its
feed. Both of these facilities are located in Japan. The Mihama-Mikata plasma facility located
in Mihama-Mikata industrial park began operation in 2002. According to Biomass Magazine,
the plant is operating at 28 tons of feed per day which is comprised of 24 tons of MSW and 4
tons of waste water sludge from a water treatment facility. A facility of this size is not used to
produce synthesis gas for fuel production. However, it does produce steam and hot water
which are used to generate heat and power for the industrial park. It also produces scrap
metals and sand that are sources of revenue. Meanwhile, the Eco Valley Utashinai plasma
facility located in Utashinai Japan, which also began operation in 2002, is currently operating at
300 tons of MSW and automobile shredder residue per day. It also generates up to 7.9
megawatt-hours of electricity.
The success in Japan has influenced many other countries to look towards developing
plasma gasification to produce useful energy from unwanted waste. In the United States alone
there are two plasma gasification plants under development. One plasma gasification plant is
located in St. Lucie Florida. It is expected to process 660 tpd of feedstock consisting of mainly
MSW and tires to produce steam and power. Another plasma gasification plant located in
Tallahassee is contracted to process 1000 tpd of waste to produce electricity and clean syngas.
The gasifiers used in both plants were developed by Westinghouse.
The plasma gasifier utilized in this senior design project will also be developed by
Westinghouse. The proposed plasma gasification facility will eventually process 5000 tons per
day (tpd) of feed composed of municipal solid waste (MSW), tires with steel belts, metallurgical
(met) coke, limestone, and oxygen gas (O2) in order to produce synthesis gas (syngas) of a 2:1
hydrogen gas to carbon monoxide molar ratio. The startup plant will contain 2 gasifiers, with
only 1 operating at a time. This will allow for continual plant operation when gasifiers are shut
down for maintenance. The idea is to start on a small scale facility in which only 1,000 tpd of
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 8
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
feed will be processed. The staggered startup should more easily secure funding, as the full
scale plant may have difficulty securing the funds needed initially due to the expensive plasma
gasification technology and gas cleanup vessels needed for this process.
The main feed component is municipal solid waste (MSW) and is used for both
environmental and economic reasons. Environmentally using MSW will reduce the amount of
waste in landfills, which will reduce landfill growth and eventually reduce the size of existing
landfills. This in turn will reduce the amount of greenhouse gases produced by landfills.
Economically, the tipping fees from using MSW will become a primary source of revenue. Tires
with steel belts were used for several other commercial scale plants, which have served as a
basis of the development of this plant. By also utilizing tires with steel belts as part of the feed,
the goal of reducing the total amount of waste by converting it into a usable product is
furthered.
The feed material is mixed with metcoke and flux before it enters the gasifier. The
metcoke is consumed at a slower rate than the feed because of its low reactivity which allows it
to form a bed inside the gasfier for waste to fall and be gasified. The metcoke also allows for
the syngas to flow upward while the molten slag and metals flow downward. Furthermore, it is
reactive with the incoming oxygen which provides heat for the gasification of the feed.
Metcoke is used over the cheaper petroleum coke because it is low in metals and sulfur.
Limestone, or flux, is used to control the melting temperature and flow properties of the slag.
Furthermore, it reduces the amount of power used by the plasma torches. Oxygen gas is used
due to its purity in comparison to air.
Since purchasing oxygen is uneconomical due to its high prices, the facility will have a
dividing wall column which separates air into oxygen, nitrogen, and argon gas. Both nitrogen
and argon gas will be sold to other industries while the oxygen will be sent to the plasma
gasifier to serve as an oxidant and as a fuel for the plasma torches. After the feed is turned into
plasma, the sour syngas is then cooled quickly to eliminate the formation of dioxins. This cooled
sour syngas then undergoes a cleaning treatment in which a venturi scrubber is used to extract
toxic gases in water that will be treated and cleaned. After the venturi scrubber, the syngas
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 9
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
enters the selexol unit in which H2S is removed and sent to the Claus process in which the H2S is
converted to sulfur. The clean syngas is sent to a heater followed by the shift reactor in which
the syngas is reduced to the needed 2:1 hydrogen to carbon monoxide molar ratio that is
needed for the methanol production.
Syngas is the main product of the gasification of a carbon based feedstock. It can be
used as energy or as a component to build other chemical products. In this case, the syngas will
be sent to another company for the production of methanol. A small amount of carbon dioxide
will also be added back into the exiting clean syngas stream (from the CO2 removed from the
system). This is to help activate the catalyst used for methanol synthesis. Another product of
plasma gasification is slag which is a vitrified collection of all the inorganics and metals present
in the feedstock. The slag can be blown with nitrogen gas to convert to rockwool which can be
another source of revenue.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 10
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix IB: Environmental Review
The gasification process produces the following five pollutants in the raw syngas outlet
stream: hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen cyanide
(HCN), and carbonyl sulfide (COS). Each of these pollutants is treated in the gas treatment
process.
Short term exposure to hydrochloric acid can cause eye, nose, and respiratory irritation.
Long term exposure to HCl can cause bronchitis, gastritis, and dermatitis, among other
problems. Hydrogen sulfide exposure can lead to ocular, respiratory, neurological,
cardiovascular, metabolic, and reproductive problems; long term H2S exposure can also lead to
death. Ammonia, while not as harmful to humans, is hazardous to the environment because
aquatic animals lack the biological systems to rid themselves of large amounts of it. Hydrogen
cyanide can cause death by asphyxiation within seconds if inhaled. Solutions containing HCN
can cause skin, ocular, nasal, and other complications. Long terms exposure to carbonyl sulfide
can cause death from respiratory paralysis or other respiratory complications.
HCl, NH3, HCN, and COS are removed by a venturi scrubber, which uses water to remove
the components by hydrolysis. A venturi scrubber is not only useful for removing these airborne
pollutants, but also ash from the syngas stream. If the temperature of the gasifier was lowered
below the optimal operating temperature, fly ash can form and get carried out of the system.
Should this happen, the venturi scrubber would easily rid the syngas stream of any ash.
H2S is removed by using the Selexol process. Selexol is a solvent made of the dimethyl
ethers of polyethylene glycol. The Selexol process uses less energy than other H2S removal
processes and has the advantage of being able to also remove carbon dioxide from the syngas
stream.
One of the byproducts produced from this process is rockwool which can cause skin and
eye irriation in workers that have direct contact with the product. This irritation may lead to
reddening, burning, itching, prickling, scaling, thickening, and inflammation around the
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 11
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
fingernails. High concentrations of rockwool in the air can lead to upper respiratory track
irritation. Long term exposure to rockwool can lead to increased risks of lung cancer.
These environmental and health risks are taken into account and safe operation
standards will be implemented to prevent any harm and long term effects to the employees.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 12
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix IC: Specifications to Meet Industry Standards
The gasifier uses four Marc-3a plasma torches, which are the standard issue torch of
Alter NRG. These torches are also the lowest energy torches available by Alter NRG. Four
torches are used in the gasifier, which is another standard set by Alter NRG.
The shell and tube heat exchanger used after the gasifier has two passes, which is
another standard used in regards to steam generation. This plant will follow other standards
that the St. Lucie plasma gasification plant follows as well.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 13
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix ID: Clear Statement of Feedstock
The plasma gasifier will be fed with municipal solid waste, metallurgical coke, shredded
tires with steel belts, limestone, and oxygen gas. The oxygen gas will come from a dividing wall
column. This will allow for pure oxygen to be fed into the gasifier. Oxygen gas is chosen over air
due to its lack of impurities, which could increase the amount of unwanted gases leaving with
the syngas stream. More oxygen will also increase the amount of heat formed through reaction
with the metallurgical coke. Oxygen is added at several levels of the gasifier in order to ensure
that the heat formed is evenly distributed so that no cold spots are formed.
MSW is a complicated feedstock due to its variation in composition based on location
and season. A given composition of MSW is simply an average composition with a larger
amount of variance compared to more traditional feeds such as coal or pet coke. For example,
during the summer months yard waste can be a large portion of MSW; this amount of yard
waste is not seen during winter. Ultimately, the exact composition of MSW for this plant is not
as important because the plant is equipped to treat all possible unwanted gases formed and
uses a water-gas shift reactor to convert the syngas to form the desired H2 to CO molar ratio
required by the clients. The composition of MSW given here is from St. Lucie County, Florida,
but the process can use MSW from other locations and have similar results. MSW is gasified in
order to reduce space and greenhouse gases produced by landfills, providing a cheap and
environmentally friendly energy source when used to produce syngas.
Met coke is used to form a bed along the interior of the gasifier. This met coke bed helps
supply additional heat used for the gasification of MSW by reacting with the oxygen gas. The
bed formed also provides voids onto which the slag flows downward and the syngas flows
upward. It is used over cheaper alternatives such as pet coke for the same reason that oxygen is
used over air; met coke has less impurities and metals in it which can affect the amount of sour
gases produced. With the possible variation of composition in MSW, it is preferred that the
other feedstocks used remain as pure as possible in order to minimize the source of variation
among gases leaving the gasifier.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 14
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Tires with steel belts are fed in with MSW based on researching other commercial
plants. Because other commercial plants have found success when including tires, their
example was followed for use in this plant design. Similar to the purpose of using MSW,
gasifying auto waste reduces the amount of tire landfills and greenhouse gases as a result while
also converting unwanted waste to useful energy. Limestone will be used to help control the
melting temperature and rheology of the slag formed. By keeping the melting temperature of
the slag relatively low, less power for the plasma torches is needed, along with less met coke
consumption.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 15
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix IE: Engineering Design Standards
The engineering design standards used for this project are the standards provided by
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Society for Testing and
Materials, New Source Performance Standards, and the National Emissions Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants. Other design specifications are provided by the manufactures of the
equipment, such as Alter NRG, specifically in the case of plasma gasification technology.
The standards provided by ASTM are based upon current technologies and practices,
and have been relied upon for almost a hundred years. Their standards are used to help in the
design of common chemical engineering equipment, such as heat exchangers.
The American Society for Testing and Materials provide standards for the composition
of materials and products of chemical plants. These standards are used to ensure that the feed
and product streams are of a certain composition.
New Source Performance Standards and National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants are standards used to control the amount of pollution leaving a chemical plant. This
will ensure that the pollutants that leave the plant are within acceptable limits placed by the
EPA.
The standards used by Alter NRG on their G-65 plasma gasifier are based on years of
experience utilizing and testing their plasma gasification technologies. As their design is similar
to the design of this plant, their specifications are also used for this project.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 16
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix II: Block Flow Diagram
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 17
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Key:
Green – Products and feedstocks that generate revenue
Red – Feedstocks that cost money
Blue – Process blocks and streams
Gray – Out of scope, necessary for the plant but not focused on for this project
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 18
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix III: Process Flow Diagram
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 19
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix IV: Material and Energy Balance
Table IV.1: Components Entering Gasifier
Temperature Pressure lb-
Stream lb/hr MMBtu/hr ton/day
(F) (psi) mol/hr
MSW 77.00 800.00 260470.57 3125.65
Tires w/Steel Belts 77.00 800.00 14677.50 176.13
Total Feed 77.00 800.00 275148.06 1650.26 3301.78
Met Coke 77.00 800.00 11005.92 139.00 132.07
Flux (Limestone) 77.00 800.00 203.12 20330.14 -14.99 243.96
Oxygen Gas 191.60 850.00 3117.43 99757.68 1197.10
Plasma Torch Air 77.00 800.00 10424.81 43.88 125.10
Total In 416666.62 1818.15 5000.00
Table IV.2: Components Leaving Gasifier
Temperature Pressure lb-
Stream lb/hr MMBtu/hr ton/day
(F) (psi) mol/hr
CO 1757.00 800.00 6559.32 183726.58 2204.72
CO2 1757.00 800.00 752.74 33128.04 397.54
N2 1757.00 800.00 678.39 19004.14 228.05
Ar 1757.00 800.00 62.70 2504.73 30.06
H2 1757.00 800.00 3666.69 7391.60 88.70
CH4 1757.00 800.00 190.83 3061.34 36.74
C2H6 1757.00 800.00 76.36 2296.00 27.55
C2H4 1757.00 800.00 38.15 1070.14 12.84
C3H8 1757.00 800.00 38.16 1683.07 20.20
C4H10 1757.00 800.00 38.14 2216.49 26.60
HCl 1757.00 800.00 45.25 1649.94 19.80
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 20
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
H2S 1757.00 800.00 17.40 593.05 7.12
COS 1757.00 800.00 1.93 115.96 1.39
NH3 1757.00 800.00 28.21 480.40 5.76
HCN 1757.00 800.00 1.10 29.82 0.36
H2O 1757.00 800.00 4016.53 72358.87 868.31
Total Raw Gas 1757.00 800.00 331313.49 1685.97 3975.76
Unreacted C 800.00 104.54 1255.56 15.07
Slag and Metal 3002.00 800.00 84097.57 70.45 1009.17
Heat Loss 61.60
Total Out 416666.62 1818.02 5000.00
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 21
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Table IV.3 : Component Entering and Exiting the Venturi Scrubber
Acids In Out
Temperature F 110 110 110
Pressure psia 800 800 800
Mole Flow lbmol/hr
CO 0 7912.366 7912.366
CO2 0 37.073 37.073
N2 0 690.317 690.317
H2 0 4558.839 4558.839
CH4 0 43.353 43.353
C2H6 0 0.004 0.004
C2H4 0 0.135 0.135
C3H8 0 0 0
C4H10 0 0 0
HCL 45.716 45.716 0
H2S 0 17.822 17.822
COS 1.376 1.376 0
NH3 1.051 1.051 0
HCN 0 5.844 5.844
H2O 0 4096.746 4096.746
O2 0 0 0
S 0 0 0
SO2 0 0 0
Mass Flow lb/hr 1767.393 416666.7 414899.3
Enthalpy MMBtu/hr -1.908 -912.789 -910.849
Mass Flow lb/hr
MSW 0 0 0
SLAG 0 87842.12 87842.12
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 22
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Table IV.4 : Component Entering and Exiting the Selexol Gas Treament
H2S In Out
Temperature F 110 110 110
Pressure psia 800 800 800
Mole Flow lbmol/hr
CO 0 7912.366 7912.366
CO2 0 37.073 37.073
N2 0 690.317 690.317
H2 0 4558.839 4558.839
CH4 0 43.353 43.353
C2H6 0 0.004 0.004
C2H4 0 0.135 0.135
C3H8 0 0 0
C4H10 0 0 0
HCL 0 0 0
H2S 17.822 17.822 0
COS 0 0 0
NH3 0 0 0
HCN 0 5.844 5.844
H2O 0 4096.746 4096.746
O2 0 0 0
S 0 0 0
SO2 0 0 0
Mass Flow lb/hr 607.403 414899.3 414291.9
Enthalpy MMBtu/hr -0.251 -910.849 -910.66
Mass Flow lb/hr
MSW 0 0 0
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 23
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
SLAG 0 87842.12 87842.12
Table IV.5 : Component Entering and Exiting the Shift Reactor
In Out
Temperature F 500 482
Pressure psia 700 1100
Mole Flow lbmol/hr
CO 7912.366 4114.43
CO2 37.073 3835.009
N2 690.317 690.317
H2 4558.839 8356.775
CH4 43.353 43.353
C2H6 0.004 0.004
C2H4 0.135 0.135
C3H8 0 0
C4H10 0 0
HCL 0 0
H2S 0 0
COS 0 0
NH3 0 0
HCN 5.844 5.844
H2O 4096.746 298.81
O2 0 0
S 0 0
SO2 0 0
Mass Flow lb/hr 414291.9 414291.9
Enthalpy MMBtu/hr -778.483 -845.754
Mass Flow lb/hr
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 24
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
MSW 0 0
SLAG 87842.12 87842.12
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 25
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix V: Calculations
Venturi Scrubber
(Heat/Energy Balance)
H = ΔH ° +
f
Cp = 0.029 [KJ/mol K]
HCl
Cp = 0.037 [KJ/mol K]
NH3
H = -92.3 KJ/mol + 0.029 KJ/mol K (363-298) = -90.415 KJ/mol
HCl
= -85.696 Btu/mol x (1mol HCL/36.46g) x (453.5923g/1lb)
= -1066.12 Btu/lb
H
NH3 = -46.19 KJ/mol + 0.037 KJ/mol K (363-298) = -43.785 KJ/mol
= -41.5 Btu/mol x (1mol NH3/17g NH3) x (453.5923g/ 1 lb)
= -1107.29 Btu/lb
HNH4= -41.5 (Btu/mol NH3) x (1mol NH3/1 mol NH4) x (1 mol NH4/18.03g NH4)
x (453.5923g/1 lb)
= -1044.04 Btu/lb
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 26
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix VI: Annotated Equipment List
1) Air separation unit
a. Cold box
b. Driers
c. Air compressors
d. Expanders
e. Dividing wall fractionator
2) Gasifier (1000 tpd capacity)
a. Steam generator (2 shells heat exchanger)
b. Pyrolysis chamber
c. Raw syngas cooler/gas reformer
d. Lockhopper
e. Magnetic separator
3) Venturi Scrubber
a. Cyclonic separator
b. Recycle tank
c. Flooded elbow
d. Adjustable venture throat
4) Selexol
a. Absorber
b. Solvent cooler
c. Solvent pumps
d. Strippers
e. Stripped gas cooler
f. H2S concentrator
g. Solution filters
h. Solvent tank
i. Reboiler
j. Condenser
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 27
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
k. Reflux drum
5) Claus Process
a. Heat boiler
b. 4 Sulfur condensers
c. 3 Reheaters
d. 3 Claus catalyst beds
6) Membrane Water-Gas Shift Reactor
a. Heater
b. Pumps
c. Counter-flow heat exchanger
d. Water condenser
e. H2 permeable membrane
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 28
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix VII: Economic Evaluation
Equipment Cost
Feed Handling
Receiving & storage $2,031,827.80
Lockhopper $17,541,594.39
Gasifier Island
Air separation unit $27,578,345.63
Gasifier $61,945,969.53
Magnetic Separator $1,387,589.72
Gas Treatement/Syngas Clean-up
Quench/Scrubber/Spray Tower (Gas Cooling) $4,906,120.79
Flare $495,567.76
Compressor $21,482,862.23
Selexol Unit $5,100,000.00
Claus Reactor $640,000.00
Venturi Scrubber $1,193,600.00
Water Treatment $3,000,000.00
Reactors
shift reactor $13,009,336.38
Power Generation
Gas Turbine Equipment $29,734,065.37
Heat Recovery Steam Generators $7,037,062.14
Steam Turbine/Generator $27,627,902.41
Common Systems
Instrumentation $10,952,047.41
Tanks $2,304,390.07
Pumps $1,313,254.55
Electrical Equipment & Materials $12,389,193.91
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 29
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Civil Equipment & Materials $9,911,355.12
Mechanical Equipment & Materials $19,847,488.64
Land Cost
Land in IN $1,166,412.00
Total Equipment Cost $282,595,985.84
Personnel Number of People Salaries
Management 2 $240,000.00
Plant Engineers 2 $220,000.00
Lab Technicians 2 $170,000.00
Operations Personnel 26 $1,950,000.00
Maintenance Personnel 9 $675,000.00
Totals 41 $3,255,000.00
Raw Materials Unit Cost Cost per year
Cooling Water * $4,275,646.21
Selexol Solvent $1.96/ton $1,064,055.00
Claus Catalyst $478.08/ton $28,251.02
Shift Reactor Catalyst $265/2.5kg $4,856,901.95
Total $10,224,854.19
* The cooling water cost was determined by ASPEN
Profits Ton/Day Cost/Year Unit Price
Syngas 1719.5 $85,115,250.00 $150/ton
Ar 52.51 $78,599,846.65 $.5/100g
N2 2041.987 $74,124,128.10 $110/ton
CO2 1892.38711 $4,371,414.22 $7/ton
Rockwool 1054.105 $66,092,383.50 $190/ton
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 30
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Excess Energy(kWh/ton) 143.2 $20,678,469.50 $.14/kWh
Sulfur 7.2888 $70,307.04 $29.23/ton
Tipping Fee 3,125.60 $36,100,680.00 $35/ton
Total Profits $365,152,479.01
Capital Cost $1,141,687,782.79
NPV 577,121,749.75
IRR 13.07%
Sensitivity of Product Sale Price
400
Syngas
350
Ar
300
N2
250 CO2
Cost ($)
200 Rockwool
150 Excess Energy
100 Sulfur
50 Tipping Fee
0
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
IRR (%)
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 31
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix VIII: Utilities
1) Air Separation Unit
a. Pump
b. Compressor
c. Molecular sieve removal of water
2) Gasifier
a. Torches and electrodes
b. Compressed O2
c. Cooling water
d. Steam generator
3) Gas Treatment
a. Venturi water pump
b. Make up pump
c. Selexol circulatory pump
4) Shift Reactor
a. Shift reactor
b. Heater
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 32
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix IX: Conceptual Control Scheme
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 33
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix X: General Arrangement – Major Equipment Layout
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 34
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 35
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix XI: Distribution and End-Use Issues Review
There will be few issues in distribution of the products of this plant. The syngas will be
sent directly to a neighboring company through a pipeline where the syngas will be used to
produce methanol. The client will be required to pressurize the syngas to their desired
operating pressure.
Other byproducts such as nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide gas will be compressed
and stored in containers before shipping the product to other companies. If clients need the gas
supply in bulk, pipelines can be added to the facility to allow for this.
The rockwool will be packaged and sold to construction companies for use as insulation
material or to fertilizer companies to use in fertilizers. The sulfur produced will be packaged
and sold to chemical companies and is safe for transportation coming out of the Claus process.
Electrical energy produced by the facility will be used to power itself and all excess
energy will be used to power the methanol production facility as well. Otherwise, the excess
energy can be sold to the public.
One major problem that the facility encounters is the cleaning of the dirty water that is
expelled from the venturi scrubber but that is out of the scope of this project. In reality, it is a
very expensive problem to handle and has been a problem for commercial plants such as the
one built by Plasco Canada. A $3 million dollar cost has been added to economics to account
for this water treatment.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 36
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix XII: Constraints Review
There are several constraints and assumptions that are made in this plasma gasification
design project. For example, it is assumed that the MSW is pre-treated when it reaches the
facility and that only recyclable metal removal is required. In the plant layout there is a
recycling facility on site where only recyclable metals will be removed from the feed via the
magnetic separator which is accounted for in the economics. In reality, the feed will be treated
before entering the gasifier.
Another assumption is that the feed will be delivered straight to the facility without any
transportation expenses. However, since this facility will essentially become a waste
management facility, trucks, fuel, and additional personnel will be needed to haul in the waste
for processing. For this project, these costs were not included.
A constraint to the design project is that the temperature at which the gasifier operates.
Currently, the gasifier is operating at an exit temperature of 2200 ˚F. The gasifier must operate
at this exit temperature or at about 1650 ˚F. The reason for this is between these two
temperatures, any particulates carried over would be a sticky substance, meaning that it can
cling to the piping and cause problems downstream. At 2200 ˚F, any exiting particulates carried
over in the exiting gas stream would be molten. At 1650 ˚F, the particulates would be an ash
that is easily washed out by the venture scrubber. If the gasifier operates outside of this
temperature range, particulates become a problem for the system as there is no easy way to
handle the sticky residue that will accumulate in the system.
Another important constraint in this project is not specifying waste water treatment
from the venture scrubber. All of the components of waste water treatment have been
deemed out of scope for this project. Also there are other waste products that are unknown
and not treated in this design facility. It is impossible to know all the possible products that are
produced by the facility without modeling the facility in a pilot plant. These sections were
considered too time intensive to properly research and detracted too much from the main
focus of the project, which is to show the overall process of the gasification of feed to produce
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 37
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
syngas. However, a $3 million equipment cost was added to the economics for the waste water
treatment.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 38
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix XIIA: Feedstock Definition
Material Carbon Sulfur Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Chlorine Ash Moisture Misc Total
MSW 26.7 0.1 18.8 3.7 1.1 0.7 22.6 26.2 0.1 100
Tires
with
Steel
Belts 72.2 1.1 1.9 6.1 0.2 0 18 0.5 0 100
Met
Coke 91 0.8 0 0 0 0 7 1.2 0 100
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 39
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix XIIB: Conversion Technology Description
The components of the plant that deal with conversion are the plasma gasifier, Claus
plant, and the membrane water-gas shift reactor.
Gasifiers are fed with primarily carbon based feedstocks, such as biomass, coal, and
municipal solid waste. These feeds are then gasified produce syngas. The plasma gasifier
operates in the same manner, only it uses gas fed torches that can reach temperatures over
9000 ˚F in order to convert the feed to plasma. This allows it to gasify a wide variety of
feedstocks. As a result of operating at such a high temperature, inorganics are then converted
into a vitrified slag that flows out the bottom of the gasifier.
The hydrogen sulfide present in the syngas must be recovered to prevent environmental
hazards and to meet safety requirements. This process can be done by using several separation
units such as Selexol, Rectisol, Purisol and amine scrubbers. For this design plant, the Selexol
unit made by UOP to separate the hydrogen sulfide from the syngas stream is used. Once the
hydrogen sulfide is separated from the syngas, the Claus process is used to convert H2S to
elemental sulfur. Since the Claus process has a high rate of recovery of sulfur as a product, it is
the best favorable process to obtain a higher yield of sulfur for maximum profit. In order to
achieve maximum conversion of hydrogen sulfide, multiple catalytic reactors are used.
The Claus plant involves two steps: the thermal and catalytic step. The thermal step is
where all H2S is converted into elemental sulfur by partially oxidizing air with hydrogen sulfide.
This happens in the furnace of the Claus process at temperatures ranging from 1000 °C to 1400
°C. The second process is the catalytic step in which aluminum (III) oxide reacts with hydrogen
sulfide at temperatures of about 250 °C to 350 °C to increase the yield of sulfur resulting in
creating more sulfur.
The membrane water-gas shift reactor is the third conversion vessel used in the plant. In
it, water reacts with carbon monoxide to form hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide. This reactor is
set at a high temperature needed for the reaction. Iron, copper, or another transition metal
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 40
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
catalyst is used in order to help lower the temperature needed for the reaction while shifting
the equilibrium towards the product side. Raising or lowering the temperature can be done in
order to adjust the conversion of the reaction.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 41
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix XIIC: Separation Technology Description
The components of the plant that deal with separation are the dividing wall column, the
venturi scrubber, the Selexol adsorber, and the membrane water-gas shift reactor.
The dividing wall column is a separation column that reduces the need for multiple
separation columns in series by being able to split a component into three different products at
a high purity. The need for fewer columns reduces the number of condensers and evaporators
required for the operation of the dividing wall column. A dividing wall is placed in the middle of
a column, which allows for a feed and draw off section. If needed, a dividing wall column can be
configured to separate a single stream into four products by adding two draw off sections in the
middle, near the top and bottom of the dividing wall. Throughout the column, specialized
structured packing is placed to ensure a separation of high purity.
The Selexol process is another separation process included in the plant. Selexol is a
solvent that can be used to absorb many sour gases within the syngas stream, such as
ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and metal carbonyls. A specialized Selexol system can also be used
to remove carbon dioxide. This process is used over other processes (such as amine) because of
the high pressure used in this system. Another advantage of using Selexol is that because no
reactions are occurring, the energy required for the overall system is reduced. It is non-toxic
and environmentally friendly.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 42
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix XIID: Product Description
The main product leaving the system is synthesis gas produced at a 2:1 hydrogen gas to
carbon monoxide molar ratio. This gas also contains some carbon dioxide which was requested
by the methanol production clients to help activate their catalyst for their facility.
A vitrified slag is produced which exits the gasifier and is composed of inorganic
compounds and metals. The slag will be air blown to produce rockwool which will be sold to
construction companies or to fertilizer production companies.
Nitrogen and argon gas are produced as a result of air separation, which can then be
sold as well. Another gas product would be carbon dioxide, produced from both gasification
and through the water-gas shift reactor. This gas will also be sold to chemical companies. Sulfur
is the other chemical produced, which can be sold to fertilizer companies or other industries.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 43
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix XIIE: Location Sensitivity Analysis
An analysis of the Gary, Indiana plant location has been conducted to show the benefits
of building the facility at this location. The plant measures 600ft by 700ft with an estimated
value of 1.2 million dollars. This location is directly next to a railroad track and existing roads
which can be used to transport feedstock and construction material to the facility. Located
approximately 1 mile to the northeast there is a MSW transportation hub that takes trash from
landfills in Chicago where waste must go through this hub before it can be sent elsewhere. This
will be a good source for the feedstock because the distance to the hub is minimal and the
source is coming from Chicago. To the south of the plant, less than 10 miles, there is a landfill
that could be used as an alternate or future source of feedstock supply for the plant. An already
existing industrial plant exists directly north of our plant shows that this area is non-residential.
Approximately 12,000 ft to the East there is the Gary Airport. Analyzing the distance of
the runway and using polices of height clearance next to the airport, there are no violations of
the airport height clearances. For every 7ft away from the runway, 1ft height clearance is
allowed. Using this guideline, the maximum building height can be approximated to be 1700ft
tall, which is well beyond the tallest structure (the air separation unit at 230ft tall) in the design
plant layout. Based on the wind data for the state of Indiana, the average wind direction for the
year is northeast. By placing the tank farms, waste water treatment, and flare on the northeast
side of the plant will provide a safe area for any trails of chemicals that might be exposed to the
atmosphere to travel and dissipate into the air safely.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 44
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix XIIF: ESH Law Compliance
The plasma arc process itself produces little waste other than the vitrified slag. Vitrified
slag is a glass-like inert substance that amounts to 1/12th to 1/6th the volume of the original
waste stream. However, when syngas is collected and cleaned for production of energy or
industrial feedstocks, pollutants within the gas can escape. Potential emissions include
particulate matter, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide and trioxide, mercury, dioxins and furans, and
hydrochloric acid. Hydrogen halides, hydrogen sulfide, and metals are also sometimes emitted.
Emissions are also generated when a plant is generating power from the syngas. Emissions are
typically well within established limits and standards of even the most developed countries.
There are no documented cases of health/safety incidents or issues in or related to plasma
gasification plants. The only two plasma arc plants commercially treating municipal solid waste
(MSW) in the world are those operating in Utashinai and Mihama-Mikata, Japan. The most in-
depth independent examination of the performance of these plants is chronicled in a 2008
report by Juniper Consultancy Services, Ltd, in which safety, environmental, maintenance, and
economic issues are addressed. For the large (300 ton per day) Utashinai plant there have been
no health/safety issues with the plasma arc system through eight years of operation, and the
only reported environmental problem occurred in 2007 when one or more specially coated
bags used to absorb dioxins from flue gases failed. In that incidence, dioxin limits were
reported to be marginally exceeding emissions limits (but would not have exceeded US, EU, or
Canadian standards). Outside of that one case, both the Utashinai and Mihama-Mikata facilities
have operated well within strict compliance limits for dioxin.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 45
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix XIIG: Laws of Physics Compliance
This project complies with the laws of physics as evidenced by the high operating
pressure of the system. This allows for a sufficient pressure to propel the gas throughout the
system despite the large pressure drop from the beginning of the process to the end.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 46
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix XIIH: Turndown Ratio
The plasma gasification facility will run for 330 days for 24 hours and 7 days a week.
Plasma torch electrodes only last for 25 or 42 days depending on the plasma torch model used.
After this amount of time has passed, the electrode must be replaced, which means that the
gasifier must be shut down. This maintenance does not account for unforeseeable
circumstances which may lengthen the downtime considerably. While multiple gasifiers are
located at the plant to prevent a complete halt in operations, gasifier maintenance requires
time, manpower, and money.
The claus catalyst and the shift reactor catalyst both have a lifetime of 3 years.
Therefore, every 3 years the facility needs to shut down to replace these catalysts. Therefore,
the 65 days that the facility is not in operation is an all encompassing estimate for clean-up of
system, replacements of parts, any unforeseen problems that may occur during the run-time of
the facility, and any other circumstances that prevents the facility from operating.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 47
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix XIII: Applicable Standards
The applicable standards of this project are the same standards used by the St. Lucie
Plasma Gasification facility. This was done due to the similarity of design between the two
plants. These standards are laid out by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American
Society for Testing and Materials, New Source Performance Standards, National Emissions
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, and the standards set out by the manufacturers of
specific equipment, such as Alter NRG with the G-65 Gasifier.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 48
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix XIV: Project Communications File
Date: 1/20/11
Met mentor Dennis O’Brien at Jacobs Consultancy located at 525 W. Monroe, Suite 1350, Chicago IL to
discuss senior design project concerning gasification.
Feedstock
-Gasification -Chemical
Biomass Diesel
Coal Methanol
MSW
-Product
A) Diesel- Not easy, complicated to derive and not enough time to accomplish for senior design class
B) Methanol- Make almost anything and a possible choice to use as chemical production
Once the product is selected, the team will need to determine the CO:H2 ratio
MSW 1/3 cheaper to buy than gas
Coal is also cheaper than gas
-Must try to contact Dima Hart to possibly obtain information done on gasification project 2 yrs. ago
For gasification, our feedstock is most likely MSW by eliminating coal over MSW due to several factors
such as process, cost, environment etc. as mention in meeting
Plasma gasifier would be the best option for the feedstock of MSW
*Once we know the gasifier and feedstock we can begin doing research on them and get more
statistics on MSW on the EPA ----- UIC Library has resources
* Material and Energy Balance (5 thousand tons maybe)
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 49
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
-Block Flow (Excel, PowerPoint, drafting)
Delta team
Team Leader- Linda Quan
Need to know title of project (Perhaps modified later)
Need to know who does what
Deadlines
Revisions
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 50
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date 1/22/10
Meeting location: Skype
Meeting time: 6:30pm
Duration of meeting: 3 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Sebastian Iskra, Felix Velazquez
Meeting Summary
This meeting was very helpful in terms of communicating and understanding the gasification
project by gathering concepts and ideas for the senior design project to prepare for group
meeting 1 on 01/25/10. A decision was also made on title.
Hot topics
Discussed various aspects of gasification types including plasma gasification
Advantages/disadvantages of plasma gasifiers
Debated whether to use plasma torch or plasma arc for plasma gasification
Data and statistics for MSW would most likely be delivered by region since Illinois
figures require consent from city and national figures will be too general
Research
Found that plasma gasification is fairly new and most industries using this method have
experience problems using this approach
Gather information and statistics on MSW
Concerns
Aspen will be difficult to use because it does not support plasma gasifiers
Economics- Cost, operation, profit return
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 51
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Decisions made/changes
Leaning towards plasma arc gasification
Using 5 thousand metric tons of MSW as basis for feedstock
Assign duties for group meeting 1 presentation
Edited Presentation 1 outline for group meeting 1
Deadlines
Team duties for group meeting 1 presentation due 01/24/10
Power Point presentation due 01/25/10
Next Meeting
01/24/10 after CHE 341 class at 12pm
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 52
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date 1/24/2010
Meeting location: UIC 4TH floor library
Meeting time: 4:00 pm
Duration of meeting: 4 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Felix Velazquez
Meeting Summary
Discussed various aspects of plasma gasification such as specification, competing
process, advantages, feedstock, environmental review, commercial scale production,
and syngas ratio
Edit and modified power point presentation
Prepare for group 1 presentation.
Specification
We were able define and understand the types of processes of plasma gasification such as
plasma arc and plasma torch and provide an insight of what material is converted into energy
and process requirements. Decided to use the syngas ratio in agreement with team Charlie with
composition of hydrogen gas: carbon monoxide: carbon dioxide ratio of 2: 0.9: 0.1
Competing process
We were able to describe some of the processes available for plasma gasification with pictures
for the Europlasma process, the Alter NRG/WPC process and the plasma enhanced melter
process
Feedstock
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 53
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
In this section of we provided a brief description of municipal solid waste (MSW). Also delivered
materials and composition of MSW supported facts and data.
Environmental review
Discuss the details of why using this type of process is environment friendly
Commercial scale production
Provide several information and facts on several plasma gasification plants throughout the
world to have knowledge of cost, location, compliances and difficulties associated with them.
This sections also talks about why it is important to build a plasma gasification plant in Illinois.
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date 1/25/2010
Meeting location: CEB (Chemical Engineering building) Room 218
Meeting time: 1:30 pm
Delta Presentation time: Start time - 4:09PM, Q/A - 4:26, End time – 4:33pm, ΔTime 24min.
Duration of overall meeting: 5 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Felix Velazquez, Sebastian Iskra
Meeting Summary
All the groups for Senior design II ( Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf and
Hotel) gather for Group Meeting 1 to discuss each of the groups preliminary designs
that included a design basis, competing processes, conceptual proc block flow and
report outline ( a final report is due at the end of presentation)
Questions- Mentors and students asked questions at the end of each groups
presentations to clear some concerns regarding processes or problems that may arise
as the project progresses
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 54
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Met with mentor Dennis O’Brien briefly after Group Meeting 1 to discuss our next
meeting schedule
Additional information
Notes from Charlie (Chemical Production)
History- provided a brief description on the history of methanol
Current productions/projections- Provided statistics of the demand methanol present today
and in the future
Future objectives
Operating conditions and the cost and maintenance associated
Types and cost of equipment needed- Need to find cost of catalysis used
Storage and transportation cost of methanol
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 55
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date 1/27/2010
Meeting location: Jacobs Consultancy- 525 W. Monroe, Suite 1350, Chicago IL
Meeting time: 3:30 pm
Duration of overall meeting: 1.5 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Felix Velazquez, Sebastian Iskra
Meeting Summary
Met with mentor Dennis O’Brien briefly after Senior Design II to discuss our next
agenda to prepare for Group presentation 2
Assign roles/roles for team members to complete by the next mentor meeting
Discussed options/resources available to begin working with the Economics portion of
design
Gathered information for mass/energy balance
Additional information
The gasification process includes a column wall with dividers to be cost effective and efficient
instead of having multiple columns. This approach is 15-30 % cheaper and 30% cheaper to run.
Perhaps look on Agar. Valero has 4 different plants using this method
Possible plant location- Gary, Indiana. Were also considering Cicero-Stickney area
Search Air Product or Agar for air separation
Block flow
MSW TREATMENT SHRED HOPPER GASIFIER
ASU METALS
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 56
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
GAS COOLED TREATMENT HEAT WATER SHIFT
SLAG
NEED
Flow scheme- Gasifier
Scheme – Shift reactor
Water/gas shift- using ASPEN
Treating- Excel spreadsheet
EPA breakdown
Company Logo
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 57
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date 2/03/2010
Meeting location: Skype
Meeting time: 3 pm
Duration of overall meeting: 6 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Felix Velazquez, Sebastian Iskra
Meeting Summary
Discuss our next agenda to prepare for Group presentation 2
Assign roles/roles for team members to complete by the next mentor meeting
Gathered information for mass/energy balance
Came Up with company logo
Additional information
Possible plant location- considering the Cicero/Stickney area since its close to a water source
and a Waste Management location is near the area. Ideal since there are no communities
nearby, just factories and refineries such as Citgo
Possible Company Logo- Chicago Delta Energy
Permanent scriber until further notice- Felix Velazquez
Photographer- Sebastian Iskra, Tien Diep
Webmaster- Linda Quan
Roles for this week
Sebastian Iskra- ASU and ASPEN simulation
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 58
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Tien Diep- Breakdown of MSW, Energy balance
Kevin Estacio- Heat/Energy balance
Felix Velazquez/Linda Quan- Cost of different parts
-Separator
-Plasma torch
-Asu (need compressor)
-Heat exchanger for the gasifier
-Turbine (to generate electricity)
-Pipping
-Shredder
-Scrubbers
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 59
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date 02/03/2011
Meeting location: Jacobs Consultancy- 525 W. Monroe, Suite 1350, Chicago IL
Meeting time: 3:30 pm
Duration of overall meeting: 2 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Felix Velazquez, Sebastian Iskra
Meeting Summary
Met with mentor Dennis O’Brien briefly after Senior Design II to discuss our next
agenda to prepare for Group presentation 2
Assign roles/roles for team members to complete by the next mentor meeting
Discussed options/resources available to begin working with the Economics portion of
design
Gathered information for mass/energy balance
Additional information
-Project Phase (Energy and Material balance)
-Project definition ( what they are)
Feed definition, Feed source, Product specification, Processing Objectives
-How will we get there
Utilities, Heat exchangers etc.
Set unit capacity
Based on feed or product
Based on on-stream efficiency
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 60
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Define turndown requirements
Feed definition
Feed stock- MSW (Municipal Solid Waste)
Define compositions
Contaminant limitations
Specific process schemes
Future capacity
Pre-treating methods
Things that are optimized
Divided wall columns
Heat
Total number of trays
Feed enthalpy
Condenser type and cooling medium
-Mentor Jerry Palmer wants to use customary units (English)
-Pricing on new parts since we won’t be using used parts since our reactor is custom made. Also
need size and height dimensions on parts
-Research more on St. Lucie’s plant, since it’s the only plant in the United States breaking feed
composition of MSW on a commercial scale
-Need to figure price of plasma torch from Westinghouse manufacturer since the plasma
gasifier does not come as a whole. We need to design 600 ton unit. The plasma gasifier vessel is
made from a ceramic line with a water cooling layer. Dimensions of the gasifier vessel depend
of capacity of feed intake and velocity of vapor
-Air Products dividing wall. Mentor Dennis O’brien was sending info to Linda
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 61
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
-Using Wet garbage instead of dry garbage (we can list both compositions in the Appendix)
-Need Outline/Timeline of our progress
-Water shift for treating gas
-What pressure????? 3 atm
- Shift reactors- Jacobs consultancy can help us
-Praxair kit would be ideal
-Need gas cleanups for H2S, HCL, Acid gases
-For Compressor (Kobe)
*Remember we are not designing gasifier
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 62
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date 02/10/2011
Meeting location: Conference Room via telecon
Meeting time: 3:30 pm
Duration of overall meeting: 1 hour
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Felix Velazquez, Sebastian Iskra
Meeting Summary
Met with mentor Dennis O’Brien briefly after Senior Design II to discuss our next
agenda to prepare for Group presentation 2
Discussed options/resources available to begin working with the Economics portion of
design
Gathered information for mass/energy balance
Additional information
-Project Phase (Energy and Material balance)
Linda Quan- ASPEN Simulation
Kevin Estacio- plasma gasifier
Felix Velazquez/Sebastian- gas treatment
Tien Diep- wáter shift reactor
-Need to find atomic balance
-Syngas is mainly composed h2 and CO and the rest is miscellaneous
-Need atomic balance (DOE report on MSW) Dema Hart??????
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 63
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Syngas ratio 3:1
AGENDA
-Team Delta is preparing for with powerpoint for group presentation 2
-Rehearsing presentation
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 64
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date: 02/15/2011
Meeting location: CEB (Chemical Engineering building) Room 218
Meeting time: 1:30 pm
Delta Presentation time: Start time - 4:52 PM, Q/A – 5:05 PM, End time – 5:18pm, ΔTime
23min.
Duration of overall meeting: 5 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Felix Velazquez, Sebastian Iskra
Meeting Summary
All the groups for Senior design II ( Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf and
Hotel) gather for Group Meeting 1 to discuss each of the groups preliminary designs
that included a block flow, material and energy balance, hand calculations and
economics portion.
Questions- Mentors and students asked questions at the end of each groups
presentations to clear some concerns regarding processes or problems that may arise
as the project progresses
Met with mentor Dennis O’Brien briefly after Group Meeting 2 Presentation to discuss
presentation and meeting schedule
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 65
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Additional information
Questions from Group Presentation 2
1. What is the price for equipment cost/installed cost?? Mentors were mentioning that people
are need to understand the summation of total cost of plant. Total cost of plant should include
equipment cost, installed cost, labor, electricity, interest on loan used to build plant etc. and
also need to have more information in terms how the facility is being operated. For example
how many days is the plant being operated. What are the turndown time, construction time,
and time expectancy of plant? Professor Perl also mentioned to look at the current CE Indexes,
he gave us handout last semester but perhaps we need to look for the most up to date.
Perl suggested that we can also use the Economic Analyzer to quickly update new
information and factor it in a much easier way when we are calculating total cost of
plant.
Mentor Jerry Palmer will be giving a detailed presentation on process economics coming
up soon
2. Why are we using those reactions with HCL and H2S for the gas treatment portion??? Is it
because is more efficient or cost effective?? Mentor Dennis O’brien mentioned that it is the
quickest way to get rid of the dioxins but if we do this process then we have to find a way to get
rid of the salt. Perhaps sell it??? Are there other methods to treat HCL and H2S??
3. Since the plasma gasifier is hot before being cooled down, can that energy be recycle using a
steam turbine back into the system? Otherwise it will be energy wasted. This energy perhaps
can provide electricity to operate the plant.
4. How much electricity are we going to use to keep the plant going?? Especially the plasma
torch on the gasifier.
We can have an estimation of the plasma gasifier part since we have the Westinghouse
torch model with the amount of electricity required to operate torch
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 66
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Next Agenda
Address the following questions for our next presentation
List our plant location
Update our energy and energy balance as new information arrives
Work on specifications of plant
Utilities
EXPO Abstract
Talk about perhaps designing a visual plant made from lego or something creative to
show at the EXPO to help the viewer understand the process of our plant.
Next Meeting Schedule
February 16, 2011- Skype 7pm
February 17, 2011- Jacobs Consultancy 12:30pm
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 67
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date: 02/17/2011
Meeting location: Jacobs Consultancy
Meeting time: 3:30 pm
Duration of overall meeting: 1.5 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Felix Velazquez, Sebastian Iskra
Meeting Summary
Met with mentor Dennis O’brien to discussed briefly our next agenda and discuss our overall
performance during Group Meeting 2 presentation.
Agenda
Addressed the questions for our Group Meeting 2 presentation
Listed our plant location- Stickney IL
Update our energy and energy balance as new information arrives
Work on specifications of plant
Utilities- still working on it
EXPO Abstract- completed on 02/21/2010
Designing a visual plant made from lego or something creative to show at the EXPO to
help the viewer understand the process of our plant.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 68
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Final Report-Due at the end of semester
Meeting Notes
Gas treatment to clean syngas should be achieved at a high pressure because its
cheaper instead of atmospheric temperature
Quote on compressor-?????, compressor specification sheet is on blackboard and other
components
For our gasifier, we need high quality seals and alarms to prevent leaking
Talked about the Abstract for EXPO, which is already done
Syngas-can be used in many different ways for example as nitrogen fertilizer and the
excess syngas that Team Charlie does not need can be used for something else.
Bill Kessom is good at report writing
Toxins on Syngas include HCL, H2S, HCN, NH3
Laura Weaver at Jacobs Consultancy is very familiar with Aspen and is willing to help us
if we need her
Next Meeting Schedule
February 23, 2011- Skype 7pm
February 14, 2011- Jacobs Consultancy 3:30pm
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 69
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date: 02/24/2011
Meeting location: Jacobs Consultancy
Meeting time: 3:30 pm
Duration of overall meeting: 1.5 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Felix Velazquez, Sebastian Iskra
Meeting Summary
Met with mentor Dennis O’brien to discussed briefly our next agenda and our objectives for
Group Meeting 3 presentation coming up March 8, 2011
Agenda
Addressed the questions for our Group Meeting 3 presentation
Update our energy and energy balance
Work on specifications of plant
Draft of final report due 02/24/2011
Meeting Notes
Gas treatment to clean syngas should be achieved at a high pressure because its
cheaper instead of atmospheric temperature
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 70
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
LOCAT Process to remove H2S at ie. 2 tons/hr is more convenient instead of 100 tons/hr.
We will reserve some plot space in case there are some problems maintaining capacity.
HCL treatment options
-MOLSIV acid resistance
-Activate Aluminum as a catalyst to remove HCL but depends on volume
-Vinyl Chloride to bubble in alkaline solution with 5 wt% NAOH to remove acid
-Run HCL with water to have diluted HCL which can be sold to laboratories or can be
filtered and clean thru the off-site plant
-Water treatment is being handled thru an offsite facility
Syngas cool-up thru a heat exchanger must be pressurized
The water treatment process can be done in the following order
COS HCL LOCAT(H2S) NH3 Shift reactor
Water Treatment Off site Facility
COS comes from the 2nd gasifier after removing the hydrocarbons, HCL must be
removed before the LOCAT process
MSW composition includes tires which is fine to leave in the feed.
Next Meeting Schedule
March 1, 2011- Jacobs Consultancy 3:30pm
March 1, 2011- Library right after mentor meeting to work on draft of final report
March 4 or 5, 2011- via skype or in person to prepare for Group Meeting 3 presentation
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 71
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date: 03/01/2011
Meeting location: Jacobs Consultancy
Meeting time: 4:15 pm
Duration of overall meeting: 1.5 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Felix Velazquez, Sebastian Iskra
Meeting Summary
Met with mentor Dennis O’brien to discussed briefly our next agenda and our objectives for
Group Meeting 3 presentation coming up March 8, 2011
Agenda
Addressed the questions for our Group Meeting 3 presentation
Update on the basic feed
Draft of final report due on 03/03/2011 (Midterm exam)
Meeting Notes
Written report includes: 1. What have we got done?
2. What are we going to do have?
3. Final Products
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 72
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Gas treatment to clean syngas: choose LOCAT process because it’s simpler and cheaper
Order of gas treatment: 1st is HCL, next are NH3 and HCN together, then come H2S using
LOCAT, and last will be COS
COS removal process using absorber, dilute solution + caustic, possible reload once per
week packing
2 Venturi scrubbers handle 1 gasifier
Aspen costing: present in tables
Essential info for investment buyers
Next Meeting Schedule
March 10, 2011- Jacobs Consultancy 3:30pm
March 1, 2011- Library right after mentor meeting to work on draft of report
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 73
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date: 03/10/2011
Meeting location: Jacobs Consultancy
Meeting time: 12:30 pm
Duration of overall meeting: 1.5 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Felix Velazquez, Sebastian Iskra
Meeting Summary
Met with mentor Dennis O’brien to discuss presentations and the questions the mentors asked
us during the presentations.
Agenda
Addressed the questions for our Group Meeting 3 presentation
Update plant treatment from lo-cat to selexol / amine based.
Work on hydraulics for plant.
Meeting Notes
Skim Higmond for operating pressures and temperatures. It also describes H2S removal.
Start presentations with a general flow diagram to let audience know what feed is,
what… etc.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 74
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Handouts to pass out to audience during presentations. Handout may consist of a
detailed E +M balance.
H2S removal will require high pressure. The selexol process can take up to 1000 #’s of
pressure.
Concentrate h2s with mole-sieves. There will be a regeneration cost.
We can call UOP general number and ask about mole-sieves. 847-391-2000
Sardinia gas plant h2s is extremely small output.
Piping is 1# to 1.5# per 100 ft pressure drop.
See what the German’s did to chemically make viable bi-products like urea.
Next Meeting Schedule
March 17, 2011- Jacobs Consultancy 3:30pm
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 75
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date: 03/31/2011
Meeting location: Jacobs Consultancy
Meeting time: 3:30 pm
Duration of overall meeting: 1.5 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Felix Velazquez, Sebastian Iskra
Meeting Summary
Talked about process control scheme. Utilities. Discussed proper way of showing utilities.
Agenda
Finish calculations.
Costing for pumps in selexol and venturi (large)
Work on hydraulics for plant.
Finish control schemes
Meeting Notes
Do we have a pressure controller? To maintain pressure at the gasifier
Do we have temperature controller?
Energy balance for the gasifier. Back-up slide.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 76
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Venturi – instrumentation, water cycling pump, make up pump. Fairly high head pump
required
Selexol – Stripper bottom feeds, cooler, stripper at 10 lbs, stream is then pumped. Fairly
high head pump required
Steam turbine is 40% efficient. Provide document if 50% efficient.
51.50$/Kwh is too high.
Substation / boiler must be added to the layout. Also emergency flare.
Split range controller
Next Meeting Schedule
April 5, 2011- Jacobs Consultancy 3:30pm
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 77
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date: 04/07/2011
Meeting location: Jacobs Consultancy
Meeting time: 3:30 pm
Duration of overall meeting: 1.5 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Kevin Estacio, Tien Diep, Felix Velazquez, Sebastian Iskra
Meeting Summary
Covering the expo, the layout of our board.
Agenda
Continue to refine joint economics with Charlie.
Finish the poster for expo
Work on questions for expo and practice.
Meeting Notes
Be sure to be concise and to the point when presenting.
Possibly have handouts?
Color for eye catching. Maybe balloons?
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 78
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
When presenting be sure to know numbers when they ask.
Next Meeting Schedule
April 14, 2011- Jacobs Consultancy 3:30pm
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 79
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
The gasification of municipal solid waste utilizing a plasma gasifier
Date: 04/14/2011
Meeting location: Jacobs Consultancy
Meeting time: 3:30 pm
Duration of overall meeting: 1.5 hours
Members Present: Linda Quan, Tien Diep, Sebastian Iskra
Meeting Summary
Went over economics, presentation, and report.
Agenda
Continue to refine joint economics with Charlie.
Finish up the report, many sections to be written still and edited.
Work on questions for expo and practice.
Meeting Notes
Will want to see Executive summary
Environmental issues
Sighting Issues for the plant layout
IRR – seprate and combined between both groups, also show most positive case and
most negative case.
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 80
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Tipping Fee sensitivity +- 10%
Split range controller is taking 1 signal and splits it into two.
Water treatment for us is about 5 gal/min of waste water. The waste water treatment
will be able to handle both groups, joint economics.
Look into 1930s aura valley coal gasification.
Blow N2 instead of O2 for slag wool?
Next Meeting Schedule
April 21, 2011- Jacobs Consultancy 3:30pm
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 81
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
Plasma Gasification of MSW University of Illinois at Chicago
Appendix XV: Information Sources and References
See Wiki page
http://deltagroup4.wikispaces.com/
Senior Design II CHE 397 Group Delta 82
Diep, Estacio, Iskra, Quan, Velazquez
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