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WOODLEIGH SCHOOL
V.C.E. BIOLOGY UNIT 4 – CONTUINITY AND CHANGE
STUDENT GUIDE
2011
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WOODLEIGH SCHOOL
V.C.E. BIOLOGY UNIT 4 – CONTINUITY AND CHANGE
STUDENT GUIDE
In this unit students examine evidence for evolution of life forms over time. Students explore
hypotheses that explain how changes to species have come about. In addition to observable
similarities and differences between organisms, students explore the universality of DNA, and
conversation of genes as evidence for ancestral lines of life that have given rise to the present
biodiversity of our planet.
This includes investigations of molecular genetics and the genome, transmittion of genes for
generation to generation, and the interrelationships between biological, cultural and
technological evolution.
Areas of Study
1. Heredity
This area of study focuses on molecular genetics and the investigation not only of individual
units of inheritance, but also of the genomes of individuals and species. Students investigate
inheritance in asexually reproducing organisms and the mechanisms and patterns of
transmission of heritable traits in sexually reproducing organisms.
Students will examine the process of meiosis and investigate the techniques and technologies
that are used in association with genetic manipulation.
2. Changes over Time
This area of study focuses on change to genetic material that occurs over time and the changing
nature and reliability of evidence that supports the concept of evolution of life forms. Students
investigate changes to species and examine the process of natural selection as a mechanism for
evolution.
Students will examine how evolutionary biology has been based upon changes in evidence and
consider how the interaction between human, cultural and technological evolution.
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
Classroom Journal
Due Date: Friday 4 November 2011
To satisfactorily complete this task, students must maintain a classroom journal of all activities.
These will include chapter summaries, review questions, worksheet activities and practical
activities as listed and other tasks as negotiated between the teacher and students.
Chapter Summaries and Review Questions
Chapter 10 Molecular Genetics Chapter 16 Evidence of evolution from the past
Chapter 11 Molecular Tools and Techniques Chapter 17 Evidence of evolution from anatomy and
molecules
Chapter 12 Cell Reproduction Chapter 18 Change in populations
Chapter 13 Variation: alleles and mutations Chapter 19 Patterns of evolution
Chapter 14 Genotype, Phenotype and Crosses Chapter 20 Human evolution and intervention
Chapter 15 Linked genes, sex-linked and
pedigrees
Worksheets and Practical Activities
Worksheets 26 Counting characteristics Activities Activity 8 Extracting DNA
27 Genetic Dictionary NoB 11.1 Structure and role of DNA
28 Genetic Tools and NoB 12.1 Restriction Enzymes
Technologies NoB 12.2 Finding a Gene
29 PCR NoB 14.1 Variations – no two the same
30 Cell reproduction NoB 14.2 Measuring Genetic variation in
31 Meiosis populations
32 Karyotypes, alleles and NoB 9.3 What chance of Being Rhesus
mutations positive?
33 Counting on karyotypes NoB 9.4 Two genes at a time
35 Mendel’s principles NoB 9.5 Family Potraits
36 Linkage and pedigrees Activity 7 Genetic Roulette
37 Puzzling Pedigrees NoB 15.1 Transitional fossils
39 Snapshots in Time NoB 15.3 Analysing and inferring
40 Evidence of Evolution evolutionary relationships
41 Homologous hands Population Experiment
42 Population change Activity 10 Desirable disadvantages
43 Superbugs NoB 16.2 What can skulls tell us?
44 The truth of the matter
45 Adaptive radiation
46 Human evolution
47 Flourofish
48 Homo hobbit
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School Assessment Coursework Task 1. Betting on Barley – Summary Report
Due Date: Friday 5 August 2011
A report on an activity to analyse the evidence fir the molecular basis of heredity and patterns
of inheritance.
School Assessment Coursework Task 2. Bacterial Transofrmation – Summary Report
Due Date: Friday 19 August 2011
A report on an activity to analyse the evidence for the molecular basis of heredity and pattens
of inheritance.
School Assessment Coursework Task 3. Anteater Antics – divergent and convergent evolution
Due Date: Friday 9 September 2011
A report on an activity to analyse and evaluate evidence for evolutionary relationships, and
describe mechanisms for change including the effect of human intervention.
School Assessment Coursework Task 4. New Improved Menu – Genetically Modified Foods
Due Date: Friday 23 September 2011
A report on an activity to analyse and evaluate evidence for evolutionary relationships, and
describe mechanisms for change including the effect of human intervention.
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Glossary
Adaptation, Analogous structure, Anticodon, Artificial selection, Biogeography, Bipedalism.
Bottleneck effect, Centromere, Chromatid, Chromosome, Cline, Co-dominance, Codon,
Convergent evolution, Crossing over, Deletion, Deoxyribonucleic Acid, Dihybrid Cross, Divergent
evolution, DNA hybridisation, DNA ligase, Dominant allele, Duplication, Embryology,
Endonucleease, Exon, Founder Effect, Gamete, Gene Flow, Gene Pool, Gene probe, Genetic
drift, Genome, Geographic isolation, Homologous chromosomes, Homologous structures,
Hybrid, Intron, Inversion, Karyotype, Law of independent assortment, Law of segregation,
Linked genes, Linkage map, Meiosis, Messenger RNA, Mitosis, Monohybrid cross, Mutagen,
Natural selection, Nucleotide, Parallel evolution, Phylogeny, Plasmid, Point mutation, Polygenic
inheritance, Polyermase Chain Reaction, Polypeptide, Polyploidy, Radioactive dating,
Radiocarbon dating, Reverese transcriptase, Ribonucleic Acid, Selection pressure, Sex-linked
genese, Species, Testcross, Transfer RNA, Translocation, Variation, Vestigial organ, Zygote
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TIMELINE
DATES ACTIVITIES
20/06/2011 – 1/07/2011 Chapter 10 – Molecular Genetics
ClickView - Discovering DNA (23 minutes)
ClickView – How Genes Work (24 minutes)
Activity 8 - Extracting DNA
Worksheets 26 & 27
Nature of Biology Act 11.1 - structure and role of DNA
Chapter 11 – Molecular Tools and Techniques
ClickView - Gene Technology (30 minutes)
Nature of Biology Activities 12.1 & 12.2
Worksheets 28 & 29
Diagnostic Test on Heredity - Chapters 10 and 11
25/07/2011 – 5/08/2011 Chapter 12 Cell reproduction
Set up SAC 1 – Barley p124
ClickView – Genetics and Reproduction (21 minutes)
Worksheets 30 & 31
Chapter 13 Variation: alleles and mutations
NoB 14.1 Variations – no two the same
NoB 14.2 Measuring Genetic variation in populations
ClickView – Mutations: Changing the Code (24 minutes)
Worksheets 32 & 33
SAC 1 Betting on Barley Due Friday 5 August 2011
8/08/2011 – 19/08/2011 Chapter 14 Genotype, phenotype and crosses
ClickView – Family Patterns (28 minutes)
NoB 9.3 What chance of Being Rhesus positive?
NoB 9.4 Two genes at a time
NoB 9.5 Family Potraits
Worksheet 35
Chapter 15 Linked Genes, sex linkage and pedigrees
ClickView – Genes and Inheritance (32 minutes)
Activities 7 & 8
Worksheets 36 & 37
Area of Study 1 Diagnostic Test
Excursion to CSIRO Friday 19 August 2011
SAC 2 Bacterial Transformation Due Friday 19 August 2011
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29/08/2011 – 9/09/2011 Chapter 16 Evidence of evolution from the past
Activity 9 Matching Marsupials
NoB Activity 15.`1
Worksheets 39 & 40
ClickView – Understanding Evolution (30 minutes)
ClickView – Mechanisms of Evolution (30 minutes)
Chapter 17 Evidence of evolution from anatomy and molecules
NoB Activity 15.3
Worksheet 41
Video – In Search of Human Origins Part 1 (50 minutes) pd 3
Thursday 8/9/11
SAC 3 Anteater Antics Due Friday 9 September 2011
12/09/2011 – 23/09/2011 Chapter 18 Change in populations
NoB 15.4 Darwin’s Finches
Worksheets 42 & 43
Chapter 19 Patterns of Evolution
Activity 10 pDesirable Disadvantage
Worksheets 44 & 45
Chapter 20 Human evolution and intervention
NoB Activity 16.2
Worksheets 46 – 48
ClickView – Genetcs and Reproduction (21 minutes)
Video – In Search of Human Origins Part 2 (50 minutes) pd 3
Thursday 15/9/11
Video – In Search of Human Origins Part 3 (50 minutes) pd 3
Thursday 22/9/11
Area of Study 2 Diagnostic Test
SAC 4 New Improved Menu – Genetically Modified Foods
10/10/2011 – 26/10/2011 Revision Period
Area of Study 1 Lecture and Study Notes Tuesday 11/10/2011
Area of Study 2 Lecture and Study Notes Thursday 13/10/2011
Study Session Friday 14/10/2011
Past Exams
VCAA 2006 Sunday 16/10/2011
VCAA2007 Monday 17/10/2011 & Tuesday 18/10/2011
VCAA 2008 Sunday 23/10/2011
VCAA 2009 Thursday 20/10/2011 & Tuesday 25/10/2011
VCAA 2010 Sunday 30/10/2011
Friday 4 November 2011 Examination: 9.00am – 10.45am
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Year 12 Biology Unit 4 2011
SAC 1: Topic: Betting on Barley – Summary Report
Student:_________________________________________________
Outcome 1: Analyse evidence for the molecular basis of heredity and patterns of inheritance.
Assessment task 1: A summary report of a practical activity related to a genetic cross using first-hand data.
Evaluation
Assessment descriptors
Very High High Average Below Average Low Not Shown
Knowledge and Demonstrates Demonstrates thorough Demonstrates satisfactory Demonstrates limited Demonstrates minimal
application of comprehensive knowledge knowledge of knowledge of methodology knowledge of methodology; knowledge of methodology;
experimental method in of methodology and methodology and and conducts investigation lacks skill in conducting minimal degree of skill in
conducting the conducts investigation conducts investigation satisfactorily investigation conducting investigation
investigation skillfully skillfully
Evaluation of Comprehensive Thorough understanding Medium level understanding Limited understanding of Minimum degree of
experimental procedures understanding of sound of sound experimental of sound experimental sound experimental understanding of sound
and understanding of experimental procedure procedure and identifies procedure; able to identify procedure; not able to experimental procedure;
controls, variables and and clearly identifies controls, variables and some controls, variables and identify all controls, variables difficulty in identifying even some
limitations controls, variables and limitations limitations and limitations controls, variables and limitations
limitations
Collection and Detailed and accurate Thorough record of Satisfactory record of Record of experimental data Record of experimental data
presentation of record of experimental experimental data; experimental data; clear lacking detail and clarity; lacking detail; diagrams unclear
experimental results data, including clear, diagrams clearly labeled diagrams diagrams may lack detail and may lack detail and/or
labeled diagrams and/or labeling labeling
Interpretation and Interpretation and analysis Interpretation and analysis Medium degree of Interpretation and analysis of Interpretation and analysis of
analysis of experimental experimental data is experimental data is interpretation and analysis of experimental data is limited; experimental data is unclear;
data detailed and accurate detailed and accurate experimental data with some detail and accuracy limited lacking in detail and accuracy
detail and accuracy
Knowledge and Comprehensive knowledge Thorough knowledge and Satisfactory knowledge and Limited knowledge and Demonstrates minimal degree of
application of terms, and application of terms, application of terms, application of terms, concepts application of terms, knowledge and application of
concepts and concepts and relationships concepts and relationships and relationships involved in concepts and relationships terms, concepts and relationships
relationships involved in involved in the involved in the the transmission of heritable involved transmission of involved in transmission of
the transmission of transmission of heritable transmission of heritable characteristics heritable characteristics heritable characteristics
heritable characteristics. characteristics characteristics
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Year 12 Biology Unit 4 2011
SAC 2: Topic: CSIRO Genetic Engineering Excursion
Student:_________________________________________________
Outcome 1: Analyse evidence for the molecular basis of heredity and patterns of inheritance.
Assessment task 1: A summary report of a practical activity on a DNA manipulation technique.
Assessment Evaluation
descriptors Very High High Average Below Average Low Not shown
Demonstrate Complex understanding of Thorough understanding of Clear understanding of the Some relevant discussion of Some description of the aims
knowledge and the the aims and methodology of the aims and methodology of aims and methodology of the the aims and methodology of and methodology of the
application of the investigation. the investigation. investigation. the investigation. investigation.
experimental
methods.
Analyse, interpret and Comprehensive and detailed Thorough analysis, Mostly accurate analysis, Collection and presentation Brief discussion of the results.
evaluate the results of analysis, evaluation and evaluation and interpretation evaluation and interpretation of the results may be
the investigation. interpretation of the results. of the results. of the results. inaccurate although some
knowledge and
understanding is indicated.
Analyse, interpret and Comprehensive evaluation of A well developed evaluation Identification and some Identification and some Brief discussion of the
evaluate the the procedures of the of the procedures of the evaluation of the procedures of discussion of the procedures procedures of the practical
procedures of the practical investigation. practical investigation. the practical investigation. of the practical investigation. investigation.
investigation.
Demonstrate Complex understanding of Thorough understanding of Mostly accurate understanding Some relevant discussion of Brief reference to, but little or
knowledge and the the tools and techniques the tools and techniques of the tools and techniques the tools and techniques no discussion of, the tools and
application of tools used to study DNA at the used to study DNA at the used to study DNA at the used to study DNA at the techniques used to study DNA
and techniques used molecular level. molecular level. molecular level. molecular level. at the molecular level.
to study DNA at the
molecular level.
Demonstrate and Comprehensive and detailed Detailed knowledge of Mostly accurate knowledge of Some knowledge of terms, Knowledge of terms, concepts
apply knowledge of knowledge of terms, terms, concepts and terms, concepts and concepts and understanding and understanding of the
terms, concepts and concepts and understanding understanding of the understanding of the structure of the structure of DNA and structure of DNA and how to
understandings of the of the structure of DNA and structure of DNA and how to of DNA and how to manipulate how to manipulate this manipulate this structure for
structure of DNA and how to manipulate this manipulate this structure for this structure for specified structure for specified specified purposes is unclear.
how to manipulate structure for specified specified purposes. purposes. purposes.
this structure. purposes.
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Year 12 Biology Unit 4 2011
SAC 3: Topic:
Student:_________________________________________________
Outcome 2: Analyse and evaluate evidence for evolutionary change and evolutionary relationships, and describe mechanisms for change including the effect of human intervention on evolutionary
processes.
Assessment task 1: An oral or written report that demonstrates evolutionary relationships using first or second hand data.
Assessment Evaluation
descriptors Very High High Average Below Average Low Not shown
Demonstrate Complex understanding of Thorough understanding of Mostly accurate understanding Some understanding of the Some reference to the theory of
understanding of the the theory of Natural the theory of Natural of the theory of Natural theory of Natural Selection. Natural Selection.
theory of Natural Selection. Selection. Selection.
Selection.
Demonstrate Complex and detailed Thorough and detailed Mostly accurate explanation of Some relevant discussion of Some reference to the aims and
understanding of the understanding of the aims understanding of the aims the aims and methodology of the aims and methodology of methodology of the
aims and and methodology of the and methodology of the the investigation. the investigation. investigation.
methodology of the investigation. investigation.
investigation.
Analyse, interpret and Comprehensive and detailed Detailed analysis, evaluation Some detailed analysis, Some knowledge and Knowledge and understanding
evaluate the results of analysis, evaluation and and interpretation of the evaluation and interpretation understanding of the data. of the data is unclear.
the investigation. interpretation of the data. data. of the data.
Evaluate the Comprehensive evaluation of A well developed evaluation Identification and some Identification and some Identification and some
procedures of the the procedures of the of the procedures of the evaluation of the procedures of discussion of the procedures description of the procedures of
investigation. practical investigation. practical investigation. the practical investigation. of the practical investigation. the practical investigation.
Demonstrate Comprehensive and detailed Detailed knowledge of Mostly accurate knowledge of Some knowledge of terms, Uses some terms, concepts and
knowledge of the knowledge of terms, terms, concepts and terms, concepts and concepts and understanding refers to evolutionary
terms, concepts and concepts and understanding understanding of understanding of evolutionary of evolutionary relationships. relationships, but limited
understanding of of evolutionary relationships. evolutionary relationships. relationships. understanding demonstrated.
evolutionary
relationships.
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Year 12 Biology Unit 4 2011
SAC 4: Topic:
Student:
Outcome 2: Analyse and evaluate evidence for evolutionary change and evolutionary relationships, and describe mechanisms for change including the effect of human
intervention on evolutionary processes.
Assessment task 2: A response to an issue related to an application of gene technologies.
Assessment Evaluation
descriptors Very High High Average Below Average Low Not shown
Demonstrates Comprehensive and detailed Thorough knowledge of the General knowledge of the Some knowledge of the Limited knowledge of the
detailed knowledge of knowledge of the evolutionary process. evolutionary process. evolutionary process. evolutionary process.
the evolutionary evolutionary process.
process.
Evaluates the impact Critical evaluation of the Detailed evaluation of the Some evaluation of the impact Some evaluation of the Some evaluation of the reasons
of humans on the impact on evolution by impact on evolution by on evolution by humans and of impact on evolution by for human intervention in the
evolutionary process. humans and of the reasons humans and of the reasons the reasons for human humans. evolutionary process.
for human intervention in the for human intervention in intervention in the
evolutionary process. the evolutionary process. evolutionary process.
Demonstrates Comprehensive Thorough understanding of Mostly detailed understanding Some understanding of the Limited understanding of the
understanding of the understanding of the issue the issue and the of the issue and the issue and the issue and the interrelationships
interrelationships and the interrelationships interrelationships between interrelationships between interrelationships between between biological, cultural and
between biological, between biological, cultural biological, cultural and biological, cultural and biological, cultural and technological evolution.
cultural and and technological evolution. technological evolution. technological evolution. technological evolution.
technological
evolution.
Evaluates the Critical evaluation of the Thorough evaluation of the Some evaluation of the Limited discussion of the Little discussion of the reliability
reliability of the reliability of the information reliability of the information reliability of the information reliability of the information of the information and the
information and and the opinions expressed. and the opinions expressed. and the opinions expressed. and the opinions expressed. opinions expressed.
opinions expressed.
Demonstrates Comprehensive and relevant Detailed and relevant Mostly relevant application of Some relevant application of Limited applications of the
appropriate use of application of the appropriate application of the the appropriate scientific the appropriate scientific appropriate scientific
scientific terminology scientific terminology and appropriate scientific terminology and conventions. terminology and terminology and conventions.
and conventions. conventions. terminology and conventions.
conventions.
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