jc jacques en

							    Biodiversity Target in
EU Development Cooperation:
Key Challenges for the Future

         Jean-Claude Jacques
        Head IUCN Representation to the EU
          Jean-claude.jacques@iucn.org


                                   The International Union for Conservation of Nature
What is IUCN?
The International Union for Conservation of Nature


   An International Organisation
   with hybrid membership
   - 80 States
   - 115 Governmental Agencies
   - 850 NGOs

   A presence in 160 countries
   worldwide

   A unique expertise through its
   6 thematic commissions and
   11,000 experts




                                      The International Union for Conservation of Nature
        What is IUCN doing?

• Providing scientific expertise on biodiversity
  issues
  - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  - IUCN Categories of Protected Areas
  - Natural World Heritage Sites (for UNESCO)

• Implementing large scale programmes on key
  biodiversity issues such as:
  - Water: Water and Nature Initiative (WANI)
  - Forestry: Livelihoods and Landscape Strategy
  - Ocean: Protect Planet Ocean

• Advising governments and environmental
  conventions (UN observer status)
                                          The International Union for Conservation of Nature
    The importance of Biodiversity in
            ACP Countries
All plants and animals used in agriculture
   are derived from wild species
•   Genes of wild species can be instrumental in
    protecting crops and cattle against pests and
    diseases
•   Many other species could have a potential interest but
    are not known yet

Agriculture could not survive without key
  ecosystem services such as:
•   Fertility of soil: provided by 6,600 kg/ha of living
    organisms
•   Pollination: 90% of flowering plants need animal
    pollinators
•   Water: provided by forest cover in the upper part of
    river basins
•   Shadow for coffee or cocoa plantations, …

                                                           The International Union for Conservation of Nature
   Ecosystem Services
(Millenium Ecosystem Assessment Findings – 2005)
     Status of Biodiversity

IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species

Total number of species: 8-14 millions
Species described: 1.8 million
Species assessed: 45,000
Species in danger: 17,000 (38%)
Species Extinction Rates: 100 to 1000
times higher now


                                         The International Union for Conservation of Nature
        Status of Ecosystems
Millenium Ecosystem Assessment
• 60% of ecosystem services are degraded

• Regions facing the greatest challenges in
  achieving the MDGs coincide with regions
  facing the greatest problems of ecosystem
  degradation

• The total economic value associated with
  managing ecosystems sustainably is often
  higher than the value associated with
  conversion


                                              The International Union for Conservation of Nature
Conservation versus Conversion
(The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity – 2009)




                                                  The International Union for Conservation of Nature
         What can be done?
            An ecological paradigm:
              Diversity = Stability
Keep a diverse environment

• Set up a network of protected areas and
  corridors ensuring the protection of:
  - 10% of major ecosystems
  - 80% of species
  - All critical ecosystem services (water,
  wood, pollination, soil fertility, breeding)

• Diversify the farming landscape:
  Agroforestry

                                                 The International Union for Conservation of Nature
  Improve the long term
  management of
  biodiversity

• Develop land use planning
  and resolve land tenure

• Decentralise the management
  of biodiversity to local
  communities

• Give incentives to sustainable
  management: Eco-
  certification

                                   The International Union for Conservation of Nature
          Mainstreaming Biodiversity in
           Development Cooperation
      A complete set of policy commitments
•   The European Consensus on Development –
    2005

•   The EU Biodiversity Action Plan to 2010 – and
    beyond – 2006

•   The EU Council conclusions on the Message
    from Paris – 2006

•   The EU Council conclusions on integrating
    environment in development cooperation – 2009

•   OECD Policy Statement on integrating
    biodiversity into development cooperation
    (under preparation)

                                                    The International Union for Conservation of Nature
       But an Implementation Gap

• No substantial increase in EC
  development funds for
  biodiversity from 9th to 10th
  EDF

• Concentration of EU ODA on
  focal areas and budget support

• Very limited human capacity in
  EC Delegations

• Very limited involvement of
  environmental CSOs in the
  EDF Mid Term Review
                                   The International Union for Conservation of Nature
               The Road Ahead
  Build on long term commitments
• Conservation Trust Funds
• Success stories:
  - ECOFAC -Programme de conservation et
  valorisation des écosystèmes forestiers d’Afrique
  centrale
  - Plan de convergence de la COMIFAC –
  Commission ministérielle des forêts d’Afrique
  centrale

  Engage more with local/indigenous
  communities
• Set up a European Small Grant Facility to support
  local NGOs as well as community-based
  organisations
                                              The International Union for Conservation of Nature
   Mainstream Biodiversity and
   Ecosystem Services in EU
   Development Cooperation

• Allocate sufficient funding to
  biodiversity: minimum 1% of ODA

• Make biodiversity a compulsory
  component of the programming
  dialogue (Strategic Environmental
   Assessment - SEA)

• Involve Civil Society Organisations in
  the programming and implementation
  phases

• Set up a monitoring mechanism with
  relevant performance indicators


                                           The International Union for Conservation of Nature
                               Thank You



Jean-Claude Jacques
Head IUCN Representation to the EU
Jean-claude.jacques@iucn.org

                                       The International Union for Conservation of Nature