ENTO 208 Lab 5 true flies

							             Diptera
         (True Flies)
Veterinary Entomology 208
                 Fall 2010
                              Fly taxonomy
Traditional classification:
 Brachycera    (‘short horn’)
  • fat-bodied flies
  • short antennae
  • Examples: horse flies, house flies, etc.

 Nematocera     (‘thread horn’)
  • slender-bodied flies
  • long, slender antennae
  • Examples: gnats, mosquitoes, crane flies
                                              Brachycera
Adults: taxa to know in key
       Hippoboscidae (keds)
       Tabanidae (horse flies, deer flies)
    •     ‘horse fly’
    •     ‘deer fly’
       Calliphoridae
    •     Cochliomyia sp.
    •     ‘calliphorid spp.’
       Muscidae
    •     Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly)
    •     Haematobia irritans (horn fly)
    •     Musca domestica (house fly)
    •     Musca autumnalis (face fly)
Key characters and taxa
                        Hippoboscidae
                        • wings absent
                        • tick-like in
                          appearance




     www.dkimages.com
Key characters and taxa
           Antennae
           • aristate
           • stylate (Tabanidae)
               Tabanidae




horse fly        deer fly
            (no specimens on exam)
Key characters and taxa
                     Hypopleural bristles
                     • present
                       (Calliphoridae)
                     • absent
        spiracle       (Muscidae)
       bristle row
     hypopleuron
                  Calliphoridae




Cochliomyia sp.    calliphorid spp.
Key characters and taxa
           Mouthparts
           • piercing
           • sponging (Musca)
                                   palps
     palps short           palps long




Stomoxys calcitrans   Haematobia irritans
                        parafrontal area
  intermediately wide     very wide or very narrow




Musca domestica           Musca autumnalis
                                            Brachycera
Larvae: taxa to know in key
       Oestridae (botflies, cattle grubs)
    •     Gasterophilus sp. (horse bots)
    •     Hypoderma sp. (cattle grubs)
       Calliphoridae (blowflies, screwworms)
    •     Cochliomyia hominivorax (primary screwworm)
    •     ‘calliphorid spp.’ (blowflies)
       Muscidae (house fly, stable fly, horn fly, face fly)
    •     Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly)
    •     Haematobia irritans (horn fly)
    •     Musca domestica (house fly)
    •     Musca autumnalis (face fly)
                      larvae shape
  small and slender    large and robust




other Brachycera        Oestridae
                         Oestridae
   heavy spines     spines small or absent




Gasterophilus sp.   Hypoderma sp.
  slits of posterior spiracles
   straight      sinuous (squiggly)




Calliphoridae     Muscidae
                            Calliphoridae
Posterior tracheal trunks   Posterior tracheal trunks
   pigmented, visible       unpigmented, not visible




    Cochliomyia               calliphorid sp.
    hominivorax
                                      Muscidae
spiracles widely separated,   spiracles proximate, button
 button centrally located           laterally located




       Stomoxys                 other Muscidae
       calcitrans
                                    Muscidae
spiracle with outer margin   entire spiracle dark, without
      dark, ring-like         well-defined, dark margin




Musca domestica                other Muscidae
                         Muscidae


      15 mm               7 mm




Musca autumnalis   Haematobia irritans
                      Culicidae adults
Taxa to know in key to adult females
   Aedes
   Anopheles
   Culex
   Culiseta
   Psorophora
   Toxorhynchites
                        palp length
as long as proboscis        short




  Anopheles            other Culicidae
                             proboscis shape
slender and curved ventrad     same diameter throughout,
          apically                     straight




  Toxorhynchites                 other Culicidae
                                                 bristles
  spiracular bristles present,      spiracular bristles present,
post-spiracular bristles present   post spiracular bristles absent




      Psorophora                            Culiseta
                                                   bristles
spiracular bristles absent, post-   spiracular bristles absent, post-
  spiracular bristles present          spiracular bristles absent




           Aedes                                Culex
                                    bristles

             spiracular bristles   post-spiracular
                                      bristles
Psorophora           +                   +

Culiseta             +                    –

Aedes                –                   +

Culex                –                    –
                      Culicidae larvae
Taxa to know in key to larvae
   Aedes
   Anopheles
   Culex
   Culiseta
   Psorophora
                  air tube
  absent        present




Anopheles   other Culicidae
air tube pecten
  • comb-like
    arrangement of
    setae
  • positioned near
    base of tube
  • all species included
    in lab have pecten
                          air tube setal tufts
basal tuft absent, other tufts   basal tuft present, other tufts
           present                           absent




          Culex                           Culesita
                                   anal segment
plate complete as a ring around      plate not complete as a ring
           segment                around segment, forming ‘saddle’




      Psorophora                             Aedes