Intentional Heath

							 Intentional Heath

West Africa Transformational
 Development Conference
        Ghana 2010
They have no struggles; their
 bodies are healthy and strong.
 They are free from the burdens
 common to man; they are not
 plagued by human ills. Psalm 73:4-5 NIV
        Defining Health
Good health is living in harmony with:
 God
 Self
 Others
 Environment
          Elements of Health
                   Spiritual Care
Health Education \      I    / Clean Water
       Agriculture \     I   / Maternal Care
          Literacy \ Good / Employment
        Sanitation / Health \ Medical Care
          Nutrition /     I    \ Well Baby
   Immunization /        I      \ Prevention
                          |       Common Disease
               Emotional Self-Worth
     View of Health

Promotion–Education
Prevention
Cure
Health Care Pyramid


       Hospital




        Clinic


      Community
            Health Beliefs
 Often are passed from generations
 Are not easily changed
 Some are based on true and valid
  information
 Build on information that people already
  know
         Harmful Health Beliefs
   Physical
       not giving a child fluids when it has diarrhea
   Mental
       call on the spirits if someone is sad or
        depressed
   Spiritual –
       call upon evil spirits or even seek to
        appease them if there is illness
What is Health Promotion (HP)?
“A comprehensive social and political process
  which involves actions directed at:
 strengthening the skills of individuals to
  improve their health
 changing the social, environmental and
  economic conditions so as to alleviate their
  impact on public and individual health.”
Health Promotion (continued)

“It is the process of enabling people to
 increase control over the
 determinants of health and thereby
 improve their health” (WHO 1998)
       What Does It Involve?
 HP involves the population as a whole in
  the context of their everyday life, rather
  than focus on people at risk for specific
  diseases.
 HP is directed towards action on the
  determinants or causes of health.
 HP combines diverse, but complementary,
  methods or approaches.
 HP calls for concrete public participation.
        5 Key Actions for HP

1.   Building healthy public policy
2.   Creating supportive environments
3.   Strengthening community action
4.   Developing personal skills
5.   Re-orienting health services
    Health Affected by Determinants
   Income
   Employment
   Access to health services
   Basic education
   Water and sanitation
   Housing
   Gender
   Culture
   Life-style
   Biological and genetic factors
Causes of Death
        Leading Causes of Death
       Developing Countries (2001)
1.    HIV/AIDS
2.    Lower Respiratory Diseases
3.    Heart Disease
4.    Diarrheal Diseases
5.    Cardiovascular Diseases
6.    Childhood Diseases
7.    Malaria
8.    TB
9.    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
10.   Measles
             Prevention
         Front Line Defense
 Immunizations
 Hygiene
 Sanitation
 Nutrition
 Screenings for diseases
 Pre-natal care
        Immunization Issues
 Accessibility – location and cost
 Compliance
 Fear of side effects
 Lack of education
 Cultural beliefs
 Apathy – just not important
Hygiene – Hand Washing
         Hand Washing Priority
   After using the toilet/latrine
   Before and after caring for a baby
   Before preparing food
   Before eating
   After work
   Before and after caring a sick person
   When ill – cover cough and/sneeze in elbow
Sanitation - Community
How Can CHE Program Help?
 Community involvement – identified need
 Starts with individuals
 Role models in community
 Reward
 Evaluation
Water – Source of Life
           Water Needs per Day
            1-2 liters for drinking
            2-3 liters for food
             preparation
            6-7 liters for personal
             cleanliness
    Water Borne Illnesses

Water-related illnesses can be
acquired due to a lack of water for
good hygiene, lack of sanitation,
or increasing insect populations
that breed in water and then
spread disease.
     Unsafe Drinking Water

88% of deaths due to
diarrhea are caused
by unsafe drinking
water, inadequate
sanitation, and poor
hygiene.
      Water Borne Illnesses
 Diarrhea
 Dysentery
 Cholera
 Typhoid
 Giardia
        Facts about Diarrhea
 Diarrheal diseases kill 1.5 million children
  every year
 20% of all children's deaths in the world
 More than deaths from AIDS, malaria and
  measles combined.
           Water Guidelines
 Do not use water from unprotected sources
 Make water safe to drink by filtering or
  treating - SODIS
 Clean baby bottles and eating utensils with
  boiling water to kill germs
 Use drying racks
                 Malaria
 Most of the 1 million or more people killed
  every year by malaria are young children
  and most live in Africa.
 The World Health Organization says a
  child dies of malaria every 30 seconds.
Malaria Prevention
Malaria Vaccine
           Vaccine trials on children
            in Mali successful
           Vaccine produced
            immune responses
            similar to or even higher
            than those of adults
            infected by malaria all
            their lives.
           May be available in 2012
        Nutrition- Food Groups
1. Body building (proteins) -
     meat, fish, eggs, beans, milk, ground nuts
2.   Energy (carbohydrates and fats)
     potatoes, rice, corn, sugar, bread
3. Protective (fruits and vegetables)
     green leafy vegetables, citrus, fruit, tomato,
     squash, pineapple, carrots
       Meal Planning – 3x3
One food item from each food group three
 times per day.
   Organic Food Production
Organic farming
offers Africa the best
chance of breaking
the cycle of poverty
and malnutrition it has
been locked in for
decades, according to
a major study from
the United Nations.
 Nutrition Conditions




Marasmus        Kwashiorkor
    Safe Food Preparation
 1. Keep clean.
 2. Separate raw and cooked foods.
 3. Cook food thoroughly.
 4. Keep food at safe temperatures.
 5. Use safe water and raw materials.
     Chronic Diseases- Diabetes
   The number of people with diabetes in the
    world has risen from 25 million in 1985 to
    about 250 million to date (SOURCE: WHO 2008)

 Increasingly more significant as a public
  health problem in Africa
 Requires changes in public policies and
  personal lifestyles
          Lifestyle Changes
 Eat regularly a diabetic diet
 Exercise
 Loose weight if overweight
 Check blood sugar regularly
 Take oral medication or insulin as directed
 Lifelong changes
Diabetes Food Pyramid
       Complications of Diabetes
   Kidney problems
   Nerve problem
   Nerve and circulation problem resulting in amputations
   Blindness
   Heart disease
   Bone and joint disorders.
   Skin problems,
   Digestive problems
   Dental problems
           Hypertension Impact
   Increasing rapidly in Sub-Sahara Africa
   Prevalence equals developed countries
    especially in urban settings
   Public health focus remains on communicable
    diseases
   Limited resources for promotion and treatment
   Complications of strokes, myocardial infarction
    (cardiovascular), and renal failure rising
    dramatically
Blood Pressure Readings
Hypertension
Hypertension Prevention and Care
     Global Burden of Cancer

 Shifting from developed to developing
  countries
 Year 2002: 10.9 million new cancer cases
  worldwide and 50% were in developing
  countries
 Year 2020: WHO estimates 16.5 million
  new cancer cases and 75% will be from
  developing countries
Most Common Types of Cancers
         in Africa
 Uterine cervix,
 Hepatocellular form of liver cancer
 Breast
 Prostate,
 AIDS/HIV-related malignancies (e.g., Kaposi's
  lymphoma)
 Childhood malignancies.
These six cancers account for over 50% of all
  cancers in Africa.
Cancer
         Screenings for Cancer
 Self breast exam
 Mammogram
 Self testicular exam
 PSA – prostate cancer
 Pap Smear
 Colonoscopy
Life Choices that Impact Health
   High fat, high carbohydrate diets
   Sedentary life- very little exercise
   Lack of sleep – need 7-8 hours
   Sexual promiscuity
   Smoking
   Illegal drugs
   Alcohol
   Stressful environment
   Lack of spiritual involvement
Universal Precautions
              Always put a barrier
               between you and
               body fluids
              Wash hands after any
               contact
              Bury/burn any
               supplies with blood
        Intentional Health
Do you not know that your body is a
temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in you,
whom you have received from God? You
are not your own; you were bought at a
price. Therefore, honor God with your
body.         Corinthians 6:19-20 (NIV)