INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY - Download as PowerPoint

							INTRODUCTION TO
   SOCIOLOGY
 HISTORY, CONCEPTS AND
       METHODS
THE CREATION OF MODERN
      SOCIOLOGY
        AUGUSTE COMTE(1798-
         1857)
       -OFFICIALLY COINED THE
         TERM “SOCIOLOGY”
       -FELT THAT THERE WAS A
         LACK OF SYSTEMATIC
         DATA COLLECTION OR
         OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS IN
         SOCIAL THOUGHT
            COMTE
 COMTE’SBASIC PREMISE WAS THAT
 RELIGIOUS OR PHILOSPHICAL
 SPECULATION ABOUT SOCIETY DID
 NOT PROVIDE AN ADEQUATE
 UNDERSTANDING OF HOW TO SOLVE
 SOCIETY’S PROBLEMS.
            COMTE
 WANTED TO USE SCIENTIFIC
 METHODS TO ADDRESS TWO BASIC
 QUESTIONS:
 “WHAT HOLDS SOCIETY TOGETHER
 AND GIVES RISE TO A STABLE ORDER
 RATHER THAN ANARCHY” / “WHY IS
 THERE CHANGE IN SOCIETY”
COMTE
  SOCIETY DIVIDED INTO 2
   PARTS:
  SOCIAL STATICS(ASPECTS
   OF SOCIETY THAT GIVE
   RISE TO ORDER,
   STABILITY AND HARMONY)
  SOCIAL
   DYNAMICS(CHANGE AND
   EVLOUTIION IN THE PARTS
   OF SOCIETY AND IN
   SOCIETY ITSELF OVER
   TIME)
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
MICRO-LEVEL THEORIES
             SYMBOLIC
              INTERACTIONISM-
              concerned with how
              people give meaning
              to the events, objects
              and individuals in
              their everyday lives;
              focuses on how one
              defines and responds
              to events and
              situations
        Symbolic Interactionism
   Groups form from interacting
    individuals; through
    interactions, people learn
    what to expect from others
    and learn to share common
    understandings through the
    use of symbols; through
    symbolic communication
    people learn to socially
    construct a world of meaning.
 SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISTS
 George   Herbert Mead
 Interested in how
  humans define their
  situations and how we
  learn our social roles
  MACRO-LEVEL THEORIES
 StructuralFunctionalism-assumes that all
 parts of the social structure, culture and
 social processes work together to make
 the whole society run smoothly and
 harmoniously
        FUNCTIONALISTS
 COMTE
 ROBERT     MERTON-manifest and latent
 functions
             functionalists
 TALCOTT   PARSONS-

 -allthe parts of the
  social system are
  interrelated and each
  performs some task or
  function necessary for a
  society’s survival
FUNCTIONALISTS
   EMILIE DURKHEIM(1858-1917)



 -individuals   conform to the
    rules of societies because of
    a collective conscience- the
    shared beliefs in the values
    of a group;
                Durkheim
 people grow up
 sharing the same
 values, beliefs and
 rules of behavior as
 those around them
 and gradually these
 beliefs and rules are
 internalized
 DURKHEIM  AND OTHER
  FUNCTIONALISTS PLACE
  GREAT EMPHASIS ON
  SOCIETAL CONSENSUS,
  WHICH GIVES RISE TO
  STABLE AND
  PREDICTABLE PATTERNS
  OF ORDER
 PEOPLE NEED GROUPS
  TO SURVIVE SO THEY
  ADHERE TO THE GROUP’S
  RULES SO THEY FIT IN
        CONFLICT THEORY
 Conflict in any group or society is
  inevitable.
Conflict Theory
         Conflict Theorists
          advance the
          following ideas:
        *conflict and the
          potential for conflict
          underlie all social
          relations
           Conflict Theory
*social change is
  desirable,
  particularly
  changes that bring
  about a greater
  degree of social
  equality
           Conflict Theory




*the existing social order reflects the
  powerful imposing their values and beliefs
  upon the weak
     CONFLICT THEORISTS
 W.E.B. DuBois
 Race as a construct
  perpetuating inequality
CONFLICT THEORISTS
     Jane  Addams-
     Hull House
    CONFLICT THEORISTS
 KARL   MARX

 MEANS OF
  PRODUCTION
 PROLETARIAT
 BOUGIEOISE