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DARE to keep e-material ready for
the future!
IATUL Conference, Ankara, June 2003
Maria A.M. Heijne
July 4, 2012
1
Library onderdeel organisatie
Vermelding
Do we need (to) DARE?
• Academic output limited to published text?
• Adequate visibility for scholars?
• Do we have a reliable overview of output?
• Can we do without the commercial publishers?
• Can we afford the current system?
July 4, 2012 5
Improvements?
(SPARC leads the way!)
• SPARC provides a good overview of the improvements
that are sought by various parties in the information
chain.
• Parties like
• scholars,
• teaching staff,
• service providers and
• university administrators.
July 4, 2012 6
DARE:
solutions through collaboration
July 4, 2012 7
Stakeholders
Government
Schol ars:
Academic
Author/Reader
R esearcher/Tutor soci eties
DARE Academic
Li brari ans publ ishers
Uni versity Students
management
boards/ partner
Royal Library,
administ ration NWO, KNAW
DARE aims & scope
• Institutional repositories at all universities :
• digital collections capturing and preserving all intellectual
output of a university : dissertations; grey literature
(working papers, pre-prints); data sets; articles; multi-
media presentations et cetera
• Distributed network
• All academic output
• (Data level)
• Efficient storage, available for various forms of re-use
• (Service level)
• Key criterion: interoperability through standardization
• (OAI-PMH, Dublin Core, DOI)
July 4, 2012 9
Functional model of a repository
content producers
Manage Repository
ment
A Ingest
d
m institute
Man. i respon
metadata digital object
info n management management sibility
meta digital
data objects joint
respon
Access Interface
sibility
interface
to
E-depot Royal
Library
OTHER SERVICES web
publ.
What do we win?
• Increased awareness among scholars of:
• importance of better availability of scholarly information
• the effect on visibility and reputation of scholars themselves
• advantages that ICT can offer (multimedia, digital review
process, e-archive et cetera)
• Universities have decisive role in academic information chain
• Universities better able to fulfil social responsibility for availability
and use of their research output
• Improved management of academic information
• Improved national/international knowledge infrastructure
July 4, 2012 11
The main hurdles
• Traditional publication system and its importance for
one’s academic career
• University administration and librarian’s problem is not
the scholar’s problem
• Scholar’s autonomy
July 4, 2012 12
Realization
• Get scholars and teaching staff enthusiastic
• Ensures commitment
• Gain trust within the community
• Development of general aims and planning into concrete plans
and action
• Pioneering, trial and error
• Pragmatic approach
• Build and expand on existing national and international projects
• Make good use of existing experience and expertise at
participating institutes
• Organize locally what can be done locally, restrict central
activities to strictly necessary
July 4, 2012 13
Approach towards scholarly
community
Appeal to scholar’s self-interest – ‘what’s in it for me’?
Offer practical, immediate advantages,
not
ideology and long-term
Stress possibilities for complementing and improving,
not
for replacing the present scholarly information and
communication systems
July 4, 2012 14
Approach of the project
• Short term – ‘quick wins’ – first service projects in
2003
copyright management
online publishing of conference proceedings
connection to national system for research results
digital review process
• Longer term – lasting change – change in career
assessment methods, work with publishers on new
business models
• Participation of scholars in (development of) DARE
programme – they are the best ambassadors
• Build on experience - what works, what doesn’t
July 4, 2012 15
Technical Specifications
• Set conceptual framework
• Metadata standards
• What belongs in the repository, what does not
• Dynamic archiving versus long term preservation,
role Royal Library
• Define link with research management information
systems
• Develop link with digital learning environments
July 4, 2012 16
KEEP e-material ready:
E-archive project
Dynamic archiving: Preservation of and access to documents ….
but digitally
• Digitized and
• “digital born compound documents”, consisting of:
• text
• image
• sound
• datasets
• models
July 4, 2012 17
Principles E-archive
• data and metadata of the document inseparable linked to each
other, making use of a so-called XML container. XML is self
descriptive, so the contents of the container can be deciphered
as long as the characters are recognised
• the original document/data always is saved as a bitstream
• the viewer, being the program that gives any significance to the
data is also saved in a XML-container, just as several
representations of the document, e.g. the Word version, but also
pdf or html.
This way the user will be offered flexibility.
July 4, 2012 18
Document and Viewer Container in XML
Document container
Identification Bibliographical Preservation viewerlist original co ntent alternative
Meta data MetaData re presentation
encapsulated bin
Viewer container
Identification Bibliographical Preservation viewerlist source executable
Meta data MetaData representation representation
a.out
fi le hierarc hy
description source code Receipts source code Librarie s Documentation
entities
mutations,compile components+
Processor, list + libraries list & link scripts files, public+private + dependency
OS,application dependencies build scripts
Principles E-archive
• bits and bytes (hardware and (system) software)
• content (semantics, formats),
• accessibility
July 4, 2012 20
Archival Information Package <XML ... > ... dtd .. example
<container docI d = “NLUBUX...”> article
des cription meta data
The AIP is the atom of the electronic archive <title.. <author <id
preservation
metadata
<lifetime... <rights ..
• Use pure character streams ASCII/UTF viewer info
• Keep meta data together with content <view er 1 ...
<view er 2 ...
• Store the original and one or more
other representations. original input files
<!CDATA[[ tex input
files
bundled
]]
• Archive items in containers with XML.
• Archive also Viewers in the archive : re pres entation2
<!CDATA[[ html
programs which give meaning to the version
content representation in the containers ]]
re pres entation3
pdf
<!CDATA[[
]] version
</containe r
Emulation versus Conversion ?
DATA and (analysing) Programs belong together
• Conceptual: Documents have viewers
• Viewers define formats (conversion programs)
• Documents stored in different formats :
original vi ewer 1.1 vi ewer 1.2 vi ewer 1.3
data
User
presentation
converted vi ewer 1.2 vi ewer 1.3
data 1
Emulation and conversion converted vi ewer 1.3
data 2
are functionally equal
Conclusion : Storing alternative Representations is an option
Delft Implementation of E-Archive
Findings
4 dimensions
• the organisational dimension; i.e. (inter) national co-operation
and standardisation
• the production dimension; implementing an organisational and
technical infrastructure for the digital archive
• technology dimension; further research on preservation strategies
and theır implementation
• the business dimension; designing business models for the
exploitation and economical viability of a digital archive.
July 4, 2012 24
Future steps
Royal Library, Delft and other European partners
will collaborate in PATCH (Permanent Access
Toolkit) in order to make all developments so
far operational.
A project proposal is under consideration within
European 6th Framework.
July 4, 2012 25
Thank you!
Questions??
July 4, 2012 26
July 4, 2012 27
July 4, 2012 28
