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Writing Scope and Sequence K-12
K 1 2
Writing Emphasis w/examples Writing Emphasis w/examples Writing Emphasis w/examples
Personal writing: All About Me books, Personal writing: journals, lists, Personal writing: journals, friendly
notes, shared writing activities friendly notes and letters, personal notes and letters, personal experiences,
Functional writing: ABC books, experiences, family stories, literature family stories, literature responses
labels, signs responses Stories, narrative and formula poetry as
Stories, narrative and formula poetry Stories, narrative and formula poetry in an individual/shared writing activity.
in shared writing activities shared writing activities Informational writing: ABC books,
Produce group products Functional writing: ABC books, lists, how-to books, observations
labels, signs, how-to books, Writing to persuade: express opinions
observations Functional texts: lists, labels, signs
Use illustrations to add meaning to Use illustrations, graphs, and/or charts
written work to add meaning
Group and individual products Publish 4-6 individual products.
Skills: Skills: Skills:
Illustrations with labels/words Write in complete sentences Utilize words and sentences in
Upper and Lower-case letters of the Utilize words and sentences to write organized manner: beginning, middle,
alphabet and numerals 0-9 ideas on paper with clear beginning, end; main idea; details
middle, end
6-Trait Focus 6-Trait Focus 6-Trait Focus
Ideas: Generate ideas by: listening, Ideas: Generate ideas by: reading, Ideas: Generate ideas by: reading,
talking, drawing, looking at literature discussing literature and informational discussing literature and informational text,
and informational text, etc. text, drawing, looking at books, being and reflecting on personal experiences.
Organization: Use pictures with Organization: Draft ideas on paper using
read to, etc.
words and sentences with clear beginning,
labels/words to convey meaning Organization: Draft ideas with clear middle, end; main idea; details
Word Choice: Select appropriate beginning, middle, end using words Word Choice: Select appropriate words to
words to convey meaning. and sentences. convey meaning.
Fluency: Increase fluency in forming Word Choice: Select appropriate, Sentence Fluency: Enhance fluency by
manuscript letters and numerals. descriptive words to convey meaning. using complete sentences.
Conventions: Use of capital and Sentence fluency: Write in complete Voice: Use voice in writing (e.g., express
lower-case letters in writing of name. sentences feelings, opinions). Identify audience,
Grade appropriate spelling. Voice: Identify audience for writing purpose, and form for writing.
st
Conventions: Capitals in names, first Conventions: Review and reinforce 1
grade conventions; learn greetings and
word of a sentence, and the pronoun closings of letters, dates, and
“I” and correct ending punctuation contractions.
(i.e., periods, question marks). Presentation: margins, indentations,
Presentation: spacing, margins, titles titles
3 4 5 6
Writing Emphasis w/examples Writing Emphasis w/examples Writing Emphasis w/examples Writing Emphasis w/examples
Personal writing: journals, Personal writing: journals, Personal writing: journals, Personal writing: journals,
friendly notes and letters, personal experiences, personal experiences, personal experiences,
personal experiences, family eyewitness accounts, eyewitness accounts, eyewitness accounts,
stories, literature responses memoirs, literature responses memoirs, literature responses memoirs, literature responses
Stories, narrative and formula Stories, narrative and formula Stories, narrative and formula Stories, narrative and formula
poetry poetry poetry poetry
Informational text: Informational text: book Informational text: book Informational text: book
explanation of a complex reports, compare and contrast reports, cause and effect reports, cause/effect reports,
process, math/journals, essays, observational reports, reports, compare and contrast compare/contrast essays,
observations, content area research reports, content area essays, observational/research
reports, summaries reports, biographies, observational/research reports, content area reports,
Persuasive writing: summaries reports, content area reports, biographies, historical fiction,
expressing opinions with Persuasive writing: response biographies, historical fiction, summaries
supporting data to newspaper and magazine summaries Persuasive writing: essays,
Functional text: newspaper articles Persuasive writing: essays, editorials, speeches, TV
and newsletter articles Functional texts: newspaper editorials, speeches, TV scripts, responses to various
Use illustrations, graphs, and newsletter articles, e- scripts, responses to various media
and/or charts to add meaning mails, simple PowerPoint media Functional texts: newspaper
Publish 4-6 individual presentations Functional texts: newspaper and newsletters articles, e-
products Use illustrations, photos, and newsletter articles, e- mails, simple PowerPoint
charts, diagrams, and/or mails, simple PowerPoint presentations, memos,
graphs to add meaning presentations, memos, agendas, bulletins, web pages
Publish 6-8 individual agendas, bulletins Use illustrations, photos,
products Use illustrations, photos, charts, diagrams, and/or
charts, diagrams, and/or graphs to add meaning
graphs to add meaning Publish 6-8 individual
Publish 6-8 individual products.
products
6-Trait Skill Focus 6-Trait Skill Focus 6-Trait Skill Focus 6-Trait Skill Focus
Ideas: Generate ideas and
Ideas: Generate ideas and Ideas: Generate ideas and narrow topic; Identify Ideas: Generate ideas and
narrow topic narrow topic; Identify audience, purpose, form for narrow topic; Identify
Organization: Organize ideas audience, purpose, form for writing. audience, purpose, form for
utilizing words and writing. Organization: Organize ideas writing. Use multiple sources.
sentences: beginning, middle, Organization: Organize ideas utilizing words, sentences, Organization: Organize ideas
end; main idea; details; utilizing words, sentences, and multiple paragraphs: utilizing words, sentences,
characterization; setting; and multiple paragraphs: beginning, middle, end; main and multiple paragraphs:
plot. Use graphic beginning, middle, end; main idea; details; characterization; beginning, middle, end; main
organizers. Use leads and idea; details; characterization; setting; plot. Use graphic idea; details; characterization;
strong endings. setting; plot. Use graphic organizers. Use effective setting; plot. Use graphic
Voice: Use voice to fit the organizers. Use effective leads and strong endings. organizers. Use effective
purpose and audience. leads and strong endings. Voice: Use voice to fit the leads and strong endings.
Word Choice: Use strong Voice: Use voice to fit the purpose and audience. Voice: Use voice to fit the
verbs and vivid language. purpose and audience. Word Choice: Use strong purpose and audience.
Sentence Fluency: use a Word Choice: Use strong verbs and precise and vivid Word Choice: Use strong
variety of complete sentences: verbs and precise and vivid language to convey meaning verbs and precise and vivid
varied sentence length, language. Sentence Fluency: Use language to convey meaning
simple and complex Sentence Fluency: Use transitional words and Sentence Fluency: Use
sentences transitional words, phrases phrases to connect ideas, transitional words and
Conventions: Correct to connect ideas, and a variety and a variety of complete phrases to connect ideas,
capitalization and punctuation: of complete sentences: sentences and paragraphs to and a variety of complete
capitals in holidays, titles, sentence length, simple and build ideas: varied sentence sentences and paragraphs to
dates, greetings and complex sentences length, simple and compound build ideas: varied sentence
closings of letters, personal Conventions: correct sentences length, simple and compound
titles, contractions, capitalization and punctuation: Conventions: Correct sentences
abbreviations words in a series, dialogue, capitalization and punctuation: Conventions: Correct
Presentation: margins, complex sentences, introductory and dependent capitalization and punctuation:
indentations, titles; legible singular possessives, clauses, dialogue, singular introductory and dependent
documents with cursive abbreviations and plural possessives clauses, dialogue, singular
handwriting. Presentation: margins, Presentation: margins, and plural possessives
Standard grammar: subject- indentations, titles; upper- indentations, titles, Presentation: margins,
verb agreement, verb tense, and lower-case cursive letters headings; upper- and lower- indentations, titles,
comparatives, superlatives, with proper form, proportions, case cursive letters with headings; upper- and lower-
pronouns and spacing. proper form, proportions, and case cursive letters with
Standard grammar: subject- spacing. proper form, proportions, and
verb agreement, verb tense, Formatting features: spacing.
comparatives, superlatives, margins, indentations, titles, Standard grammar: subject-
pronouns headings verb agreement, verb tense,
Standard grammar: subject- irregular verbs
verb agreement, verb tense,
irregular verbs
7 8 9
Writing Emphasis: Writing Emphasis: Writing Emphasis:
Personal or self connections Ordering, comparing and Comparing multiple ideas and
Basic analytical evaluation and contrasting perspectives
assessment of writing Basic analytical evaluation and Persuasive writing
assessment of writing
Writing to Learn: Writing to Learn: Writing to Learn:
Retell significant events in sequence. Organize events and ideas in order of Compare/contrast significant or
Summarize essential information importance. essential ideas, facts, or events.
Connect text to self. Focus written facts or events around a Choose facts, events, or ideas and
clearly stated, unifying idea. distinguish their differences or
Writing for Inquiry: Connect text to self, text to world and demonstrate their similarities.
Report information gathered from the text to text. Compare/contrast connections
process of inquiry. between texts, between texts and self,
Writing for Inquiry: and between texts and different world
Distinguish paraphrasing and Write to demonstrate understanding of an connections.
summarizing from plagiarizing. idea or concept.
Report information using Writing for Inquiry:
summarization. Distinguish between reliable and Write to analyze multiple points of view
unreliable sources of information.
Report information by paraphrasing, Select an appropriate format to
summarizing, and/or quoting from analyze multiple points of view.
sources. Compile and analyze information from
multiple points of view.
Report analysis of multiple points of
view using paraphrase, summary,
and/or quotations.
Use informal and formal citations
where appropriate, to support inquiry
Extended Writing Products: Extended Writing Products: Extended Writing Products:
Autobiographical or narrative Short biographies, narratives, or Persuasive compositions
essays memoirs At least one extended piece per term
At least one extended piece per At least one extended piece per term State a thesis that clearly takes a
term, position.
Determine audience and purpose Convey a unifying theme or idea. Organize writing effectively using
Chronologically-sequenced incident, Order events effectively and leads, details, transitions,
event, or situation with simple experiment with flashback or conclusions, personal experience,
reflection foreshadowing. facts, anecdotes, examples, and
Use sensory details. Use narrative details: dialogue, paraphrased ideas.
description, imagery, symbolism Refute counter-arguments by using
personal experience, facts, anecdotes,
examples and paraphrased ideas.
6-Trait Skill Focus: 6-Trait Skill Focus: 6-Trait Skill Focus:
Ideas: Use of a unifying idea or topic Ideas: Specific and relevant details Ideas: Anticipation of and answers to
Organization: A clear beginning, that support the idea. readers' questions.
middle, and end, with sequential Organization: An introduction, body, Organization: Inviting leads and
transitions and conclusion with a controlling idea, satisfying conclusions.
Voice: Appropriate tone and voice topic sentences, and supporting Voice: A variety of voices for different
Word Choice: Appropriate word details. audiences and purposes.
choice for topic Voice: Appropriate tone and voice. Word Choice: Carefully chosen
Sentence Fluency: Varied sentence Word Choice: Words appropriate to vocabulary to achieve voice and
beginnings and sentence length. audience. purpose.
Conventions: spelling, commas in a Sentence Fluency: Varied sentence Sentence Fluency: Varied sentence
series, subject-verb agreement, structure. structure (i.e., include complex and
possessives, capitalization of Conventions: spelling, quotation compound sentences).
sentence beginnings and proper marks and commas in dialogue, Conventions: spelling, commas in
nouns, end punctuation on simple verb tenses, relative pronouns, introductory phrases and clauses,
and compound sentences. pronouns and antecedents, adverbs, colons, parentheses,
capitalization of titles of books, capitalization of languages, races,
poems, etc., and titles of courses nationalities, religions or sections of
(e.g., History 202). the country.
10 11 12
Writing Emphasis: Writing Emphasis: Writing Emphasis:
Analysis and interpretation of Analysis and interpretation of Cause and effect, analysis and
multiple ideas and perspectives multiple ideas and perspectives refutation of opposing opinions,
Persuasive writing Synthesizing of ideas to form and important text connections
conclusions and recommend actions Expository writing
Expository Writing
Writing to Learn: Writing to Learn: Writing to Learn:
Interpret and analyze ideas and Analyze and synthesize ideas and Evaluate ideas and information to
perspectives to clarify thinking through information to refine thinking through refine thinking through writing.
writing. writing. Evaluate the merit of varied ideas and
Analyze varied ideas and opposing Form conclusions and recommend opposing opinions.
opinions. action. Evaluate ideas and examine causes
Analyze facts, events, or ideas to Integrate facts, events, or ideas to and effects.
create meaning. create new ideas. Evaluate connections between texts,
Identify and analyze assumptions and Consolidate and synthesize between texts and self, and between
perceptions by examining connections connections between texts, between texts and different world connections.
between texts, between texts and self, texts and self, and between texts and
and between texts and different world different world connections. Writing for Inquiry:
connections. Write to evaluate and report
Writing for Inquiry: research results.
Writing for Inquiry: Write to evaluate information and to make Select an appropriate format to
Select an appropriate format to synthesize recommendations. Select an appropriate evaluate information, determine results
information. format to evaluate and report research results. and make recommendations.
Gather, evaluate, and organize
Gather and synthesize information to Gather, evaluate, and organize research on a specific topic.
solve a problem or deepen evidence to support a position. Support main points using a variety of
understanding. Support evaluations and convincing and relevant information.
Support synthesis of information using recommendations using paraphrase, Use informal and formal citations,
paraphrase, summary, and/or summary, and/or quotations. where appropriate, to support inquiry.
quotations. Use informal and formal citations,
Use informal and formal citations, where appropriate, to support inquiry.
where appropriate, to support inquiry.
Extended Writing Extended Writing Extended Writing
Write to persuade others Write to analyze literary text and explain Write to critique literary text and to evaluate
At least one extended piece per term informational text. informational text.
At least one extended piece per term At least one extended piece per term
Experiment with varied organizational
patterns and forms of writing: memos, Select an organizational pattern that Write in formal style and format:
letters, reports, essays, brochures suits the topic. academic papers, business reports,
Support arguments with personal Provide detailed evidence and multi-media presentations, etc.
experience, detailed evidence, examples to substantiate arguments. Analyze information and systematically
examples, and reasoning. Support arguments with logic and text organize to support central ideas,
Use persuasive strategies including references. concepts, and themes.
appeals to logic, emotion, and ethics. Convey a particular tone and voice
through deliberate word choice.
6-Trait Focus: 6-Trait Focus: 6-Trait Focus:
Ideas: Adequate support of ideas: Ideas: Sufficiently developed key Ideas: Limited topic and controlling
quotations, facts, examples, ideas and specific details that directly idea providing focus for extended
anecdotes, and excerpts support and advance the thesis pieces.
Organization: Control of statement. Organization: Varied transitions that
organizational elements in multiple Organization: Control of connect ideas within and between
paragraph texts: thesis, details, leads, organizational elements in multiple paragraphs.
conclusions, and transitions paragraph texts: thesis, details, leads, Voice: Correct use of active and
Voice: Correct use of active and conclusions, and transitions passive voice. Formal or informal
passive voice. Appropriate voice for Voice: Correct use of active and voice specific to purpose.
specific audiences. passive voice. Consistent, appropriate Word Choice: Words particular to the
Word Choice: Specific word choice voice. topic supported within the text for ease
for different audiences and purposes. Word Choice: Words intentionally and of understanding.
Sentence Fluency: Rhythm created skillfully used. Sentence Fluency: Concise sentence
through sentence construction (i.e., Sentence Fluency; Rhythm created structure to enhance sentence fluency.
parallel sentence structure). through sentence construction (i.e., Conventions: spelling, consistent and
Conventions: spelling, commas to set parallel sentence structure). logical use of tenses, punctuation of
off appositives, subject/verb Conventions: spelling, commas with dialogue, punctuation of direct
agreement, sentence construction introductory phrases and clauses, quotations, placement of modifiers.
(i.e., fragments, run-ons), placement relative pronouns, Capitalization of
of modifiers, capitalization for the first word in a sentence enclosed
abbreviations (Ph.D.) or letters that in parentheses (e.g., "She grinned
stand alone (U-turn, Ibeams), again. (That grin!)"), agreement of
possessives, semi-colon. pronouns and antecedents.
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