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International Rice Research Institute
Medium-Term Plan 2009-11
Submitted to the Science Council
of the
Consultative Group on International Agricultural
Research (CGIAR)
June 15, 2008
International Rice Research Institute
Medium-Term Plan 2009-11
Table of Contents
MTP OVERVIEW ................................................................................. 3
Introduction ........................................................................................................... 3
Highlights of Project Portfolio ................................................................................... 4
Center Financial Indicators ...................................................................................... 6
PROJECT PORTFOLIO ......................................................................... 9
1: Raising productivity in rainfed environments: attacking the roots of poverty .............. 9
2: Sustaining productivity in intensive rice-based systems: rice and the environment ... 45
3: East and southern Africa: rice for rural incomes and an affordable urban staple........ 69
4: Rice and human health: overcoming the consequences of poverty .......................... 80
5: Rice genetic diversity and discovery: meeting the needs of future generations for rice
genetic resource ............................................................................................... 89
6: Information and communications: convening a global rice research community ...... 112
7: Rice policy support and impact assessment for rice research ................................ 126
Eco-regional Program: Rice-Wheat Consortium (RWC) for the Indo-Gangetic Plains .... 143
ANNEXES ....................................................................................... 159
Implementation of EPMR/CPER Recommendations .................................................. 159
FINANCING PLAN........................................................................... 186
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 2 of 210
MTP OVERVIEW
Introduction
Over the last decade, the world has experienced three interlinked scientific and technological
revolutions unlike any other in such a short time span. First, the revolution in molecular
biology and genetics is yielding insights, only dreamed of a decade ago, into the functioning
and nature of organisms. Second is the revolution in data storage and computational power
to handle the vast amounts of data these discoveries entail. Third, the communications
revolution allows exchange of, access to, and distributed analysis of nearly unimaginably
large and complex data sets. These rapid advances are revolutionizing all aspects of rice
science. How well the fruits of technology are used will determine to a large extent the fate
of rice production, the main global agricultural undertaking.
Meanwhile, the physical environment, including the agroecosystems in which IRRI works, is
changing. It is now realized that climate change is not some vague future problem. It is
already damaging the planet at an alarming pace. Further, the institutional environment
(IRRI’s partners in advanced and national research institutions) and population concerns
(the demography of poverty and hunger) are changing also.
Under that changing situation, agricultural policymakers in developing countries are facing
three challenges simultaneously
to reduce poverty and increase farm income,
to assure household food security, and
to rehabilitate and conserve the countries natural resources.
IRRI’s strategic plan for the period 20072015, Bringing Hope, Improving Lives, looks at the
implications for rice production of these changing environments, in the context of the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It embraces the scientific and technological
revolutions that have made available opportunities that were unimaginable a decade ago
when IRRI developed its strategic plan IRRI Toward 2020. It also recognizes that advances
in these areas alone are necessary but insufficient to solve the enormous problems and
challenges that face the world today.
During the first part of 2008 the world faced its first major food crisis in several decades,
and the price of rice soared in a matter of weeks, thus dramatically affecting the lives of
many of the world’s poorest people who depend on rice for their daily sustenance. IRRI has
analyzed these issues and proposed solutions in a nine-point plan (see
http://solutions.irri.org/images/the_rice_crisis.pdf). Solving these problems requires not
only creative applications of science and technology but also appropriate policies and social
interventions.
Based on the careful analyses of the changes in the external environments, challenges and
opportunities, the CGIAR System Priorities, and IRRI’s comparative advantage and the
resource base, the strategic plan elaborates five goals:
Goal 1. Reduce poverty through improved and diversified rice-based systems.
Goal 2. Ensure that rice production is sustainable and stable, has minimal environmental
impact, and can cope with climate change.
Goal 3. Improve the nutrition and health of poor rice consumers and rice farmers.
Goal 4. Provide equitable access to information and knowledge on rice and help develop the
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 3 of 210
next generation of rice scientists.
Goal 5. Provide rice scientists and producers with the genetic information and material they
need to develop improved technologies and enhance rice production.
IRRI’s special role in linking advances in science with the real-world problems of poor rice
farmers and consumers means that scientists doing cutting-edge research in advanced
laboratories look to IRRI as the link for translating and applying their technologies to achieve
development impact, while scientists and development experts in the NARES look to IRRI as
a provider of appropriate technology for solving intractable agricultural problems. IRRI
benefits from a dynamic balance among disciplines and from strength in both upstream and
downstream research.
Highlights of Project Portfolio
IRRI’s programs. IRRI conceptualizes its activities being conducted in programs with clear
delivery mechanisms built upon a firm foundation of governance, management, support
services, and scientific disciplines.
IRRI began to implement its strategic plan in January 2007 through seven programs (MTP
Projects):
1. Raising productivity in rain fed environments: attacking the roots of poverty.
2. Sustaining productivity in intensive rice-based systems: rice and the environment.
3. East and southern Africa: rice for rural incomes and an affordable urban staple.
4. Rice and human health: overcoming the consequences of poverty.
5. Rice genetic diversity and discovery: meeting the needs of future generations for rice
genetic resources.
6. Information and communication: convening a global rice research community.
7. Rice policy support and impact assessment for rice research.
These programs are product and impact oriented with clearly defined activity domains and
time-bound targets and outputs, and may contribute to one or more goals of the strategic
plan. Each program has a number of working teams to achieve one or a set of outputs. The
programs draw expertise and supporting staff from IRRI’s discipline-based research divisions
and/or centers, and ensure collaboration with advanced research institutes (ARIs) and
NARES. The mechanisms for delivery and impact (the consortia and networks) are managed
within the programs.
Implementation of this exciting research program began in January 2007 and the MTP was
favorably reviewed by the Science Council. Although we already see the need to make
structural adjustments, we have decided to make only very minor changes to program
narratives and outputs to reflect the inputs from earlier research and some constraints due
to funding shortfalls or staffing changes that will delay the delivery of some Output Targets.
th
And also because there will be a 7 EPMR of IRRI beginning in September 2008. Links to
CGIAR System Priorities are clarified.
Frontier Projects. Recent rapid advances in science and technology present a myriad of
exciting possibilities in different scientific disciplines that could revolutionize rice farming.
Some challenges with high potential payoffs also carry a degree of risk, and thus are not
necessarily attainable, especially within the term of a strategic plan. So they will almost
certainly continue beyond the life of the plan. IRRI has identified such research activities,
with probability of development impact and where good science and collaboration can make
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 4 of 210
a difference, in three areas improving the photosynthetic efficiency of the rice plant (C4
rice), identifying and deploying drought tolerance genes, and designing rice farming
management systems that do not contribute excessively to climate change, based on new
rice varieties bred to withstand expected future environments. In this latter respect we are
focusing much more on adaptation to climate change than mitigation.
Since publication of the MTP 2007-2009 in June 2006, IRRI has convened planning
workshops in the following Frontier Projects: C4 rice, climate change, and drought, bringing
together some of the most eminent scientists from around the world to discuss and devise
an appropriate research agenda for each of these projects, and to establish the partnership
mechanisms for their implementation. The Institute has established an Applied
Photosynthesis and Systems Modeling Laboratory in support of the C4 Rice Frontier Project, a
Drought Consortium, a Rice Climate Change Consortium, and a Hybrid Rice Research and
Development Consortium.
Delivery of abiotic stress tolerant rice. A major focus in the rainfed environments is
developing rice cultivars that are tolerant to abiotic stresses, mainly drought, submergence
and salinity. There has been considerable progress both in developing varieties with higher
level of tolerance to these stresses and in understanding the genetic control of the traits. In
2007, IRRI received major support for developing stress tolerant varieties through two large
projects. The project Stress Tolerant Rice for Africa and South Asia has been funded by the
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ($19.8 million for 3 years) to enable IRRI and WARDA to
work together and develop varieties tolerant to drought, submergence, salinity, iron toxicity,
and low temperature. In addition, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan supported a
project on Dissemination of Submergence-Tolerant Varieties and Associated Production
Practices to Southeast Asia (4.1 million yen for 2 years). Both projects emphasize the
dissemination of improved varieties to rainfed farmers.
Accelerating genetic discovery and utilization of germplasm resources. The gene
bank collection and breeding materials accumulated over time represent the foundation for
all genetic improvement and breeding activities. However, only a small fraction of the rice
genetic diversity has been actively used for gene discovery relevant to breeding programs.
The key to making more effective use of this tremendous resource is to improve our ability
to predict which accessions and chromosomal regions are most likely to contain the alleles
needed for a given research or development objective.
A prerequisite for routine exploitation of germplasm is to have a significant portion of the
genetic diversity documented at a genome-wide scale. IRRI has led a consortium effort to
generate data of genome-wide variation in 20 diverse rice lines. Even with this limited
representation of genetic diversity, we have begun to see the power of associating fine-scale
genetic variation [in the form of strings of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)] with
agronomic traits. DNA barcoding of germplasm and specialized genetic stocks, coupled with
phenotype data collected over time and geographic locations, can provide a roadmap to
track genetic regions important for agronomic traits. We propose a consortium effort to
conduct high-resolution genotyping of 2500 diverse rice lines and to gather high-quality
phenotype data. Such a genetic diversity research platform will support gene identification in
all aspects of genetic improvement and breeding activities.
Hybrid Rice Research and Development Consortium (HRDC). Hybrid rice technology
has the potential to raise the yield of rice and thus overall rice productivity and profitability
in Asia. IRRI has established the international Hybrid Rice Research and Development
Consortium (HRDC) as a new public-private sector partnership platform in the hybrid rice
sector. The HRDC has three major objectives:
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 5 of 210
Support research on developing new hybrids with enhanced yield heterosis, improved
seed production, multiple resistance to stresses, and grain quality.
Support research on best management practices for rice hybrids
Improve information sharing, public awareness, and capacity building
More than 35 public and private sector organizations and companies with interest in hybrid
rice have already joined the HRDC. The consortium will significantly enhance the capacity for
hybrid rice research and product delivery, while providing services and support to the
private sector in its product development and delivery that will benefit the general public.
Rice farmers in Asia will benefit from accelerated access to hybrid rice-based technologies
such as more and better hybrids, quality seed, knowledge and services provided by the
private and public sector.
IRRC and CURE. NARES and IRRI researchers work together on common issues of strategic
concern via the platforms provided by the Consortium for Unfavorable Rice Environments
(CURE) and the Irrigated Rice Research Consortium (IRRC). Through these consortia,
activities are on-going throughout South and Southeast Asia. These extend across the range
of agroenvironments from the irrigated systems where increasing productivity is a main
focus to those in the unfavorable environments where low unstable yields and poverty are
salient features. In the irrigated environment, gains are expected from novel multi-
disciplinary approaches to natural resource management addressing the constraints to
productivity. Activities focus on ecologically-based pest management, appropriate nutrient
management, improving labor and water productivity, and reducing postharvest losses. In
the unfavorable environments, unpredictable rains and susceptibility to floods commonly
expose farmers to high risk and the productivity gains in the past have been limited.
Progress on improving livelihoods will emphasize a combination of rice varieties with
tolerance to the abiotic stresses of drought, salinity and submergence combined with
appropriate crop management. The approach will seek to reduce risk and improve returns to
farm households.
Challenge Programs. IRRI participates actively in three Challenge Programs (CPs): in the
Generation (GCP), in HarvestPlus, in Water and Food (CPWF). Research at IRRI supported
by the CPs is embedded within the seven programs, their outputs, and output targets. In
fact, the Institute does not participate in research that is not defined in the MTP. Indeed,
IRRI follows this guideline for its whole agenda when seeking financial support from donors.
For the GCP, the interaction is a mixture of both commissioned research and competitive
grants, almost entirely commissioned research in HarvestPlus, and only competitive grants
in CPWF. IRRI reports back to each of the CPs on research implementation progress,
achievements, and impact. In this way the CPs themselves demonstrate the role of IRRI and
other contributors in reaching CP goals.
Center Financial Indicators
The ongoing global food crisis has sparked considerable interest in IRRI’s work by many
stakeholders including policy makers, partners, the private sector, and the media. Clearly,
more research to increase food production is a critical component of ensuring future food
security, especially in Asia and Africa where most of the worlds poor are located. It is too
early to estimate how our donors will respond but additional investments in rice research are
expected.
Therefore, IRRI has opted to present financial estimates for 2008 through 2011 that reflect a
fairly conservative set of assumptions regarding future donor investments to address the
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 6 of 210
measures outlined in the IRRI solutions paper (see page 1).
Financial outcomes in 2007. IRRI’s financial position remained stable with total assets of
USD66.18 million. In terms of the CGIAR ratios, both the liquidity and long-term stability
indicators remain above the CGIAR benchmarks at 309 days.
IRRI incurred a deficit of USD2.91 million. The deficit on normal operations was USD1.0
million and the remaining portion of the deficit (USD1.91 million) was due to the use of
reserves as seed money to start new designated research initiatives within the Strategic
Plan. The deficit was consistent with the Board approved plan to reduce reserves.
Total revenues increased by 9%, from USD31.86 million in 2006 to USD34.67 million in
2007. IRRI received significant new grants to harness major scientific advances and address
some of the biggest unsolved problems in agriculture. On the other hand, two donors
discontinued their support and two other major donors substantially cut their unrestricted
funding. The European Commission compensated the non-delivery of its 2006 funding. IRRI
also experienced a foreign exchange gain due to the weak USD.
Total expenditure increased by 12%, from USD33.55 million in 2006 to USD37.58 million in
2007. This increase is partially attributed to accelerated implementation of research
activities in 2007 with funding mostly from restricted grants and expenditures on designated
initiatives as noted above. IRRI’s costs also increased sharply due to the strengthening of
Philippine Peso against the US Dollar.
Financial estimates for 2008. Total revenue for 2008 is estimated at USD41.81 million.
Unrestricted revenue is expected to be 8% lower than the actual for 2007 but the restricted
grants will be 45% higher.
Expenditure is estimated at USD46.23 million, which is 23% higher than 2007. Both revenue
and expenses were higher than projected in the MTP 2008-2010.
The deficit is estimated at USD4.42 million which includes a further expenditure of USD1.88
million on designated initiatives such as C4 rice and climate change.
It should be noted that there are indications that some of our key funding assumptions for
2008 may prove to be overly conservative. While it is premature to change the assumptions,
the year end results may be more favorable than projected here.
We expect that IRRI’s financial ratios will decrease due to the deficit but will still be above
the CGIAR benchmarks.
Financial proposal and plans 2009-2011. Total estimated donor grants expected in 2009
are expected to be USD42.16 million. Unrestricted funding is projected at USD12.56 million
which is 29% of the total revenue and higher than the estimate for 2008. Restricted and
Challenge Program funding is estimated at USD29.60 million which is 1% higher than the
estimate for 2008. These estimates are based on on-going projects supported by contracts,
as well as anticipated new restricted grants coming on line during the year and expected
funds from the Challenge Programs. Other revenues were estimated at USD1.50 million.
Expenditure is estimated at USD46.44 million which is marginally the same as the 2008
estimates.
IRRI anticipates a deficit in 2009 of USD2.78 million which includes a further investment of
USD USD1.62 million in designated initiatives. This planned draw-down of reserves will
reduce the liquidity and adequacy of reserve ratios but these will still be in the healthy
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 7 of 210
range.
The CGIAR has launched a review of Financial Guidelines 5 which should result in lower
indirect costs on restricted grants but more costs classified as direct research expenses. The
net result will be lower subsidies to restricted grants.
Further to the conservative approach noted in the opening paragraph, IRRI is assuming a
2.5% growth rate in funding in 2010 and 2011.
Risk management. Each year, the IRRI Board of Trustees carefully considers the Institutes
risk management system and risk mitigation measures, which leads to approval of a Board
Statement on Risk Management and Internal Controls. The Board was satisfied with the
progress made on the implementation of the risk management framework that included the
appointment of a full time Risk Management/Quality Assurance Coordinator.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 8 of 210
PROJECT PORTFOLIO
1: Raising productivity in rainfed environments: attacking the roots of
poverty
Project Overview and Rationale
Rationale
Today, most of the regions with extensive poverty in Asia are dominated by rainfed
ecologies where rice is the principal source of staple food, employment, and income for the
rural population. Success has been limited in increasing productivity in rainfed rice systems.
Rice yields in these ecosystems, home to 80 million farmers who farm a total of 60 million
-1
ha, remain low at 1.0 to 2.5 t ha , and tend to be variable due to erratic monsoons.
Excessive soil moisture in the wet season and lack of it in the dry season limit opportunities
for crop diversification out of rice. Poor people in these ecosystems lack the capacity to
acquire food, even at lower prices, because of low productivity in food production and limited
employment opportunities elsewhere. Many of the people living in rainfed areas belong to
ethnic minorities and, as such, their plight is often compounded through social and political
marginalization.
The rainfed systems confront droughts, submergence, problem soils, and other abiotic
stresses. Over the last three decades, potential solutions to many of these problems have
been discovered in cultivated and wild rice germplasm, making genetic enhancement a
viable strategy for improving the livelihood of the rural poor. Thanks to a number of
scientific advances in recent years, researchers have already identified promising genetic
materials and clear breeding strategies for the development of varieties with several
important traits that were difficult to address with conventional methods. Prospects are now
good for breeding into high-yielding rice varieties several important traits such as tolerance
of drought, submergence, phosphorus deficiency, and saline soils. High-yielding upland
varieties are targeted for aerobic systems being developed to address the problem of water
shortage. Aiding our progress in this field is IRRI’s unique ability to bring together the
research performed in advanced research institutes (ARIs) and the private sector in the
industrialized countries with that of the NARES in developing countries. The efficiency of
breeding activities is enhanced through allele mining and gene discovery using functional
genomics (which will be undertaken in Program 5).
Poverty, the small size of farms, insecure tenure, and high risks in rainfed rice farming make
farmers unwilling to invest in improved rice production and resource management
techniques, thereby entrenching inappropriate farm practices that degrade natural
resources. Soil conditions and the crop establishment method have enormous consequences
for nutrient availability and management, weed competition, extraction of soil water, and
adaptive strategies required by the rice plant for successful performance. Water stress is
frequently the main limitation to rice productivity and yield stability in rainfed systems. The
development and transfer of improved farm-level resource management strategies require
deeper understanding of the interactions of soil, water, and pests; the integration of
knowledge into the development of improved crop management options; and the evaluation
and refinement of options with farmer participatory research. Reduction in risk in rice
cultivation requires enhanced seedling vigor, improved crop establishment methods to avoid
drought and submergence, and better tolerance of sodium, iron, and aluminum toxicity and
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 9 of 210
phosphorus and zinc deficiency, combined with resistance to biotic stresses, especially the
blast fungus. Women, who are more heavily involved than men in rice farming in poverty-
stricken areas, need to be involved in farmer participatory research for screening improved
varieties and validating improved crop management options for the technologies to be
widely adopted.
In rainfed areas, scope is limited for increasing income through rice cultivation alone
because of (1) the small size of farms in rice-based systems and (2) the policy of keeping
the price of rice affordable for the poor. An increase in the productivity of rice, however, can
release resources for expanding the area for the production of nonrice crops and for other
farm enterprises. Diversification of the system can generate additional employment for
landless households in processing, storage, and marketing activities since their products are
perishable and more commercial in nature than rice. The use of shorter-duration rice
varieties, improved crop and resource management options, changes in timing of crop
establishment, etc., can facilitate intensification and diversification of low-productivity rice-
based systems to optimize system productivity and improve the livelihoods of marginal and
small farmers.
This program seeks to develop superior germplasm and improved crop and natural resource
management practices that facilitate intensification and diversification of rainfed systems.
The program also seeks to find innovative and effective ways to communicate these
practices to facilitate adoption by resource-poor farmers. IRRI, in partnership with NARES
and ARIs in industrialized countries, will integrate upstream research in genomics, genetics,
and physiology with applied and adaptive research on crop improvement and management
to develop elite germplasm and best management options that would substantially increase
and stabilize yield under stress conditions compared to currently grown varieties, and share
this germplasm with NARES partners through the International Network for Genetic
Evaluation of Rice (INGER). IRRI will also facilitate and use the Consortium for Unfavorable
Rice Environments (CURE), established in 2002, to understand the site specificity of
problems, validate and adapt new technologies with farmer participatory research involving
both men and women farmers, and fast-track the diffusion of knowledge-intensive
technologies by facilitating linkages among research, extension, and development. While
raising productivity in rainfed systems, IRRI and its partners shall ensure that the quantity
and quality of natural resources – soil, water, and biotic resources – are maintained so that
the capacity of our future generations to meet their food needs from these limited resources
is not compromised.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities
Research for developing superior rice germplasm tolerant of drought, submergence, and
problem soils aligns perfectly with the CGIAR priority of enhancing tolerance of selected
abiotic stresses (System Priority 2B). The program also addresses, through INGER and
CURE, the CGIAR concern on developing long- and short-term research strategies and
policies to share germplasm and technologies with partner NARES and capable regions
(Priority 2A, specific goal 3). CURE provides a platform for conducting research on the
changing roles of producers, consumers, and civil society organizations in technical
innovation processes to identify the ways in which their roles may enhance the impacts of
R&D on poor people (System Priority 5C). Integrated land, water, and forest management
issues at the landscape level for the uplands in Output 4 relate to System Priority 4A,
whereas issues of intensification and diversification of rainfed systems in Output 5 relate to
System Priority 4B on agroecological intensification in areas with low potential.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 10 of 210
Project Outputs
This program has five outputs.
Outputs Description
Changes from previous MTP Outputs
None.
Output 1: Superior drought-tolerant and aerobic rice germplasm and management
options developed for water-short rainfed environments by 2012.
Description: Almost half of the 60 million ha of rainfed lowlands and plateau uplands in Asia
are drought-prone and/or have a short monsoon season. Variation in rice production is
closely related to total annual rainfall, but, even when total rainfall is adequate, shortages at
critical periods greatly reduce productivity. The inherent risk in rice cultivation in the
drought-prone ecosystem reduces productivity even in favorable years because farmers
avoid using inputs in optimal amounts when they fear crop loss. Risk-reducing technologies
can therefore encourage higher investment in inputs, and adoption of high-yielding varieties,
thereby increasing productivity and reducing poverty.
Previous research at IRRI and advanced research institutes has shown that conventional
breeding for reproductive-stage tolerance is complicated by the strong relationship between
plant phenology and sensitivity to stress. Efforts to understand this relationship at the
physiological and molecular levels will continue and will feed into gene and QTL discovery
programs. The difficulty of selecting for improved yield under drought stress has led to
efforts in recent years to identify alleles for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting drought
response, and introgressing them into popular high-yielding varieties through marker-
assisted backcrossing. The Drought Frontier Project (DFP) will scale up gene and QTL
detection and delivery for use in marker-aided breeding. The development of high-
throughput, high-precision phenotyping systems will allow QTLs for drought resistance to be
efficiently mapped, and their effects assessed on a range of drought-related traits, moving
the most promising into widely-grown rice mega-varieties. Identification of QTLs for aerobic
adaptation, introgressing them into popular high yielding early duration lowland varieties for
developing high yielding aerobic cultivars will deliver suitable technology for areas with
water shortage.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 1A: Promoting conservation and characterization of staple
crops; 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of food staples; 2B:
Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses; 4C: Improving water productivity; 5C:
Improving rural institutions and their governance; 5D: Improving research and development
options to reduce rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Bangladesh; China; India; Lao People's Democratic
Republic; Nepal; Pakistan; Philippines; Thailand;
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 11 of 210
Output 2: Superior germplasm and management options to overcome submergence
stress developed by 2012.
Description: More than 20 million ha of rice lands (including land using supplementary
irrigation during the rainy season) in South and Southeast Asia are annually affected by
flash flooding from heavy rains and runoff from higher elevations, causing temporary
submergence of the rice plant. Complete submergence for 10 days or more can occur at any
time during the growing season, resulting in re-planting of seedlings, or partial to total crop
failure. A major gene (Sub1) that accounts for most of the variation in tolerance of
submergence in rice varieties was identified. It is being incorporated by marker assisted
backcrossing into new or existing high-yielding varieties that are locally adapted and possess
the quality aspects preferred by local consumers. New genes with additive effects to Sub1
need to be identified to augment the level of tolerance conferred by this gene for areas
where stress is more severe. Sources of tolerance of submergence during germination have
also been identified and this trait needs to be transferred into high-yielding varieties.
Stagnant flooding, where water stagnates to 30-50 cm in the field for longer duration either
in absence of or after flash flooding is a serious problem limiting the adoption of new
varieties in affected areas. Efforts are needed to identify germplasm with sufficient tolerance
to be used in breeding. Combining tolerance to these stresses will ensure wider adaptation
and adoption of new tolerant varieties.
Combining superior germplasm with suitable management strategies such as nursery,
seedling, and nutrient management can substantially reduce losses from submergence.
Agronomic and physiological studies will be conducted on existing varieties and improved
lines to assess the effect of the Sub1 gene on yield, grain quality, seedling vigor, and other
agronomic traits. New and existing management options, including nursery and nutrient
management strategies to produce robust seedlings and enhance plant recovery after
submergence, will be developed and validated in farmers fields. Studies on farmer’s
indigenous knowledge and practices, and criteria for the selection of technologies, will be
conducted to understand the constraints to technology uptake and devise policy options for
fast-tracking technology diffusion.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 1A: Promoting conservation and characterization of staple
crops; 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of food staples; 2B:
Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses; 4C: Improving water productivity; 5C:
Improving rural institutions and their governance; 5D: Improving research and development
options to reduce rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Bangladesh; Cambodia; India; Indonesia; Korea, Republic
of; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Myanmar; Nepal; Philippines; Sri Lanka; Thailand;
Viet Nam;
Output 3: Superior germplasm with tolerance of salinity and other soil problems,
together with suitable management options, developed by 2012.
Description: In South and Southeast Asia, problem soils (excess salt, nutrient
deficiencies/toxicities) limit rice productivity on more than 20 million hectares. A major
problem in coastal areas of India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Indonesia is salinity from salt
intrusion that renders the soil unproductive and/or unsuitable for rice farming. In inlands,
salinity and alkalinity from groundwater irrigation and release of sodium (Na) salt by
weathering of inherent parent soil materials have been expanding in northwestern India,
Pakistan, and central Myanmar. Salinity is also associated with additional abiotic stresses
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 12 of 210
such as phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) deficiency and iron deficiency/toxicity. Most rice soils
are characterized by high P- and Zn-fixing ability and currently about 50% of rice lands are
P-deficient. In these areas, rice yields are low because suitable tolerant high-yielding rice
varieties are not available. In coastal areas, farmers often grow only one crop during the
monsoon season when fresh water is available and/or rainfall helps flush salinity from the
soil. Poverty is extensive because of the low productivity of land, and, in some areas,
farmers have resorted to traditional shrimp farming using brackish water to improve
livelihoods, which has had harmful effects on the environment.
Previous studies revealed considerable potential for increasing rice productivity in salt-
affected and other problem soil areas. Physiological and biochemical studies highlighted a
few useful traits that underlie tolerance of these stresses in rice. Two major QTLs, one for
seedling-stage salt tolerance (Saltol) and one for P-deficiency tolerance (Pup1), together
with a few other QTLs, are being tagged for marker-assisted breeding. Discovery of
candidate genes is currently within reach and could help combine superior alleles for
tolerance of salt and other abiotic stresses associated with problem soils. Nursery and
nutrient management options together with proper handling of seedlings during
transplanting could reduce seedling mortality and improve crop stand. Various soil
reclamation methods and water management techniques could be effective in mitigating
harmful effects of excess salts and nutritional problems during the most sensitive stages of
plant growth. Further research to build on past achievements could contribute to higher
levels of tolerance in high-yielding varieties beyond the levels observed in any of the
tolerant but low-yielding landraces that farmers currently grow in affected areas. The new
varieties could bring additional land and water resources into use for rice cultivation and
reduce the pressure on the use of good quality irrigation water resources currently being
demanded for other uses.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 1A: Promoting conservation and characterization of staple
crops; 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of food staples; 2B:
Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses; 4C: Improving water productivity; 5C:
Improving rural institutions and their governance; 5D: Improving research and development
options to reduce rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Bangladesh; India; Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam;
Output 4: Superior germplasm and improved management options for uplands
developed by 2012.
Description: The area under the upland rice-based system in Asia is estimated to be around
15 million ha, including both the area sown and land used as a part of the rice-based
rotation. Sloping and plateau uplands account for a substantial rice area in Laos, Vietnam,
Myanmar, northeastern and eastern India, and Nepal. Much of the Asian upland is
characterized by high incidence of poverty, poor physical access to markets, ill-functioning
markets, and subsistence-oriented agriculture with low productivity. Many households
belong to minority ethnic and tribal groups that are economically and socially marginalized
and are the poorest of the poor. Rising population pressure and the consequent
intensification of marginal areas for food production have contributed to environmental
degradation and a further reduction in agricultural productivity.
IRRI’s approach to upland research has undergone a major paradigm shift in recent years
from a focus on upland rice to rice in the uplands. This new approach calls for intensification
of favorable pockets in uplands for food production so that pressure to intensify food
production in less favorable and more fragile areas can be reduced. It involves integrated
land, water, and forest management at the landscape level for uplands.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 13 of 210
The major biophysical constraints to productivity growth of rice in uplands are low soil
fertility, soil erosion in sloping areas, severe weed infestation, rodents, blast fungus,
nematodes, and root aphids. Over the past decade, important scientific progress has been
made in addressing this seemingly intractable set of constraints, thus substantially
improving the likelihood of reducing poverty and protecting the environment. These scientific
gains need to be further consolidated and translated into specific technologies suited to
major production systems in the uplands.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 1A: Promoting conservation and characterization of staple
crops; 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of food staples; 2B:
Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses; 4A: Promoting integrated land, water and
forest management at landscape level; 5A: Improving science and technology policies and
institutions; 5B: Making international and domestic markets work for the poor; 5C:
Improving rural institutions and their governance; 5D: Improving research and development
options to reduce rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: China; India; Indonesia; Lao People's Democratic Republic;
Nepal; Philippines; Viet Nam;
Output 5: Resource management options and strategies for intensification and
diversification of rainfed systems developed by 2012.
Description: For areas with short and erratic monsoons, such as the plateau uplands in
eastern India and Bangladesh, system productivity and farmers livelihoods could be
improved through the development and deployment of shorter-maturity rice varieties so that
residual moisture could be used for growing pulses, oilseeds, and vegetables in the
seasonally fallow land after rice. In coastal areas with brackish water, the expansion of
highly profitable shrimp farming has affected the long-term sustainability of the resource
base, and created social tension between resource-rich and resource-poor households.
Opportunities exist for developing a more harmonious and sustainable rice-aquaculture
system that would optimize the productivity of fresh and brackish waters in coastal areas.
There is also a need to develop sustainability indicators to monitor ecosystem health and
thereby minimize the adverse environmental effects that may be associated with rice
intensification. IRRI will work with NARES and other CGIAR centers at the systems level to
match shorter-duration rice varieties with suitable varieties of nonrice crops and aquaculture
species, and to develop optimal resource management practices for improving system
productivity and farmers livelihoods while sustaining the natural resource base for future
generations.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 4A: Promoting integrated land, water and forest management
at landscape level; 4B: Sustaining and managing aquatic ecosystems for food and
livelihoods; 4C: Improving water productivity; 4D: Promoting sustainable agro-ecological
intensification in low- and high-potential areas; 5C: Improving rural institutions and their
governance; 5D: Improving research and development options to reduce rural poverty and
vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Bangladesh; Cambodia; India; Indonesia; Lao People's
Democratic Republic; Myanmar; Nepal; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam;
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 14 of 210
Impact Pathways
The intermediate outputs of the program are standard phenotyping capacity for crop
improvement research on drought and submergence tolerance, the genetic basis of traits
(QTLs) from genotypes tolerant of abiotic stresses, markers for introgressing the traits into
widely grown improved varieties, and improved knowledge of the physiology of stress
tolerance. Breeders in NARES will use these outputs to develop improved varieties. Elite
lines with high yields, resistance to key pests, superior grain quality, and tolerance of abiotic
stresses developed under NARES-IRRI breeding networks and shuttle breeding programs will
be shared among NARES through INGER to evaluate their suitability under specific
agroecological conditions. NARES will use the knowledge and elite lines in their crop
improvement programs and will eventually release superior germplasm as varieties to
farmers through national extension systems. IRRI and NARES will jointly use the CURE
platform to validate and adapt new technologies and improved crop and resource
management practices with community-based farmer participatory experiments that
recognize the central role of women to optimize the yield of improved varieties and fast-
track technology dissemination. Geographic information systems (GIS) and systems
modeling will be used to map areas suitable for extension of the improved technologies.
Impact assessment activities will be undertaken to assess constraints to the adoption of
technologies by the intended users, and the economic, social, and environmental impact of
the diffusion of technologies (link with Program 7).
Impact Pathways by Output
Output 1: Superior drought-tolerant and aerobic rice germplasm and management options
developed for water-short rainfed environments by 2012. See generic statement on Impact
Pathways.
Output 2: Superior germplasm and management options to overcome submergence stress
developed by 2012. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 3: Superior germplasm with tolerance of salinity and other soil problems, together
with suitable management options, developed by 2012. See generic statement on Impact
Pathways.
Output 4: Superior germplasm and improved management options for uplands developed by
2012. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 5: Resource management options and strategies for intensification and diversification
of rainfed systems developed by 2012. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
International Public Goods
In most cases, research activities will be conducted on a specific problem that affects several
countries. Applied and adaptive research will be conducted at key sites that represent
specific subecosystems for several countries and working groups will be organized for
collaborative research between IRRI and participating NARES. Annual review and planning
meetings will be held to plan research activities, review work progress, and learn from each
others experience in conducting research and share research outputs. Research on a single
country will be undertaken only if the product or knowledge has generic value that can
benefit several countries facing the same problem.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 15 of 210
Elaboration of Partners Roles
Program 1 has a large range of partners in the NARES, universities, and ARIs, as well as
other CG centers and Challenge Programs.
The main vehicle for research partnership under this program is the Consortium for
Unfavorable Rice Environments (CURE), a NARES-constituted network established in mid-
2002 to tackle high-priority problems facing resource-poor farmers in monsoon Asia. CURE
is governed by a steering committee (SC), composed of key NARES representatives from
seven countries and the IRRI deputy director general for research. The SC provides overall
guidance to the research agenda of the consortium; approves funding proposals, budgetary
allocations, and work plans; and facilitates all research activities and dissemination of
research outputs within participating countries. The consortium coordinating unit (CCU),
which serves as the secretariat of CURE, facilitates the initiation and establishment of the
working groups (WGs), which are interdisciplinary teams of researchers from NARES and
IRRI and may also include other international agricultural research centers (IARCs), ARIs,
and NGOs. In consultation with the SC, the CCU coordinates fund raising, provides
administrative support, and facilitates communication among the WGs. Working groups hold
at least one review and planning workshop each year. They also report on their progress at
the annual CURE steering committee meeting when the next years work plans are put on the
table for approval. The participatory mode with which the working groups operate ensures
that NARES and other in-country partners have ownership of all project outcomes and the
ability to deploy them beyond the project period.
Logical Framework
Output Output targets Output Intended Outcomes Impacts
target users
types/Verif
ication
(optional)
Output NARES NARES There will be a
1: scientists and scientists reduction of
Superior farmers in through risk of crop loss
drought- rainfed and mechanisms due to drought,
tolerant water-limited such as CURE a 20% increase
and environments will adapt and in rice
aerobic validate production and
rice improved water
germplasm germplasm and productivity,
and management and 30%
manageme practices increase in
nt options suitable for the incomes from
developed local rice farming in
for water- environments water scarce
short with farmer areas in Eastern
rainfed participatory India, Nepal,
environme research. Bangladesh,
nts by Improved Pakistan,
2012. germplasm and Thailand, and
NRM packages the Philippines.
adopted by 25%
of the farmers in
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 16 of 210
pilot projects in
drought-prone
areas.
Output Target
2008: Five new
populations for
drought
tolerance
improvement in
the rainfed
lowlands.
Output Target
2008: Large-
scale and high
throughput
drought
phenotyping
systems for the
rainfed lowlands.
Output Target
2008: A joint
IRRI-NARES
research
strategy of the
Drought Frontier
Project and
drought research
networks in
South and
Southeast Asia.
Output Target
2008: Detailed
analysis of the
severity, timing
and spatial
coverage of
drought at the
district level in
key sites in
South and
Southeast Asia.
Output Target
2008: Validated
decision support
systems for
nutrient
management for
the rainfed
lowlands of Laos
and northeast
Thailand.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 17 of 210
Output Target
2008: IR64
lines with
significantly
improved
drought
tolerance and
yield potential
by pyramiding
QTLs from 2-3
donors.
Output Target
2008: Options
for improved soil
health
management for
sustainable
rainfed aerobic
rice systems of
Eastern India,
Nepal, the
Philippines, and
Indonesia.
Output Target Materials
2009:
Transgenic rice
plants using
DREB constructs
screened under
drought in
controlled
environment.
Output Target Materials
2009: Aerobic
rice varieties
with pest and
disease
resistance, and
grain quality
traits for India,
Bangladesh,
Nepal, and
Pakistan.
Output Target Capacity
2009: Trained
NARES scientists
in the various
drought research
disciplines.
Output Target Materials
2009: Two
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 18 of 210
populations of
Oryza
glaberrima
introgression
lines phenotyped
for drought
resistance under
lowland and
upland
conditions.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: Two of
major fine- knowledge
mapped QTLs
and markers for
breeding
varieties with
improved
drought
tolerance and
aerobic
adaptation.
Moved from
2009.
Output Target Practices
2010: A
decision support
system for direct
seeding and
improved weed
management in
Bangladesh and
eastern India
Moved from
2009.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: QTLs for of
low chalkiness knowledge
fine-mapped and
affiliated SNP
markers
screened
inbreeding
varieties.
Output Target Materials
2010: NILs with
putative major
yield QTL
physiologically
characterized for
reproductive
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 19 of 210
stage and
vegetative stage
processes under
drought.
Output Target Materials
2010: Top elite
lines for drought
responses from
multi-location
trials on station
and with NARES
in India.
Output Target Materials
2010: Elite
hybrids that out
yield the current
IRRI tolerant
check, PSBRC
80, by at least 1
t/ha under
moderate
lowland drought
stress.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: Analysis of
of the effects of knowledge
drought on grain
quality in
advanced
breeding lines.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: Large- of
scale PVS multi- knowledge
location trials of
drought
tolerance
breeding
products
conducted and
analyzed.
Output Target Materials
2010: New sets
of drought
tolerance donors
screened on-
station and in
multi-location
sites in South
Asia and Eastern
Africa (Tanzania
and
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 20 of 210
Mozambique).
Output Target Other kinds
2010: of
Germplasm knowledge
collection
phenotyped for
physiological and
structural traits
related to
performance
under drought
stress.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: of
Knowledge of knowledge
adoption
patterns and
constraints to
adoption of
improved
technologies in
drought prone
areas.
Output Target Practices
2010:
Methodology for
phenotyping HPR
against brown
spot developed.
Output Target Practices
2011: Marker-
assisted
breeding system
for major
drought
tolerance QTLs.
Moved from
2010.
Output Target Materials
2011: Five new
drought tolerant
varieties
released in south
Asia (India,
Nepal,
Bangladesh).
Output Target Other kinds
2011: Lead of
events of DREB knowledge
transformants
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 21 of 210
tested for
drought
resistance under
confined field
conditions.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: Subsets of
of the Oryza knowledge
SNP2 germplasm
evaluated in
multilocation
trials for abiotic
stress tolerance
traits with
NARES partners.
Output Target Materials
2011: QTLs for
low endosperm
chalkiness
validated in new
populations
segregating for
chalkiness.
Output Target Practices
2011: Screening
systems for
Pup1 developed
and functional.
Output Target Materials
2011: Promising
drought-tolerant
breeding lines
identified from
testing at key
sites and
entered into
national varietal
testing
programs.
Output Target Practices
2011: An
improved
germplasm
testing system
combining PVS
and agronomic
evaluation
developed and
tested.
Output Target Other kinds
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 22 of 210
2011: of
Assessment of knowledge
the impact of
drought tolerant
technologies on
farmers’ income
and income
stability in three
key locations in
South Asia.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: Fine- of
mapped QTL knowledge
associated with
brown spot
resistance and
markers for
introgression
into mega-
varieties.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: Effects of of
water shortages knowledge
on sheath blight
epidemics
determined.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: A model of
for the knowledge
relationship
between panicle
blast and leaf
blast developed.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: A model of
for the effect of knowledge
host plant
resistance on
brown spot
epidemics
developed.
Output 2: NARES rice NARES in Yield of
Superior research Eastern India monsoon
germplasm programs (Eastern Uttar season rice will
and Extension Pradesh, North increase by
manageme agencies Bihar, West 20%, the cost
nt options Farmers Bengal, Orissa of rice
to environments and Assam), production will
overcome Bangladesh, be reduced by
submergen Myanmar and 20% (from
ce stress Cambodia avoidance of
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 23 of 210
developed validate elite replanting and
by 2012. lines and yield losses
associated crop from
and resource submergence),
management and temporal
options to fluctuations in
develop locally- yield will be
suitable reduced by
submergence 25%. Adoption
tolerant and of the new
high yielding variety
varieties for the management
monsoon season package will
crop for release lead to a 20%
to extension increase in crop
workers and productivity
ultimately across 5 million
farmers. ha of
submergence-
prone areas of
South and
Southeast Asia,
resulting in
reduced
poverty among
rice producers
and consumers
in that region.
Output Target
2008: Analysis
of farmers’
current CNRM
practices, coping
mechanisms to
submergence,
and livelihood
systems in the
flood-prone
ecosystem for
selected sites in
Bangladesh and
India.
Output Target
2008:
Understanding of
the spatial and
temporal
distribution of
flooding in rice
in eastern India
and Bangladesh.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 24 of 210
Output Target
2008: Breeding
lines combining
good agronomic
and quality traits
with tolerance of
submergence
during
germination
processes.
Output Target
2008: Improved
submergence-
related seed and
nutrient
management
options from
farmer
participatory
research in two
sites
Output Target Practices
2009: MAS
system to
incorporate QTLs
for tolerance to
flooding during
germination into
mega-varieties.
Output Target Practices
2009: Marker-
assisted
breeding system
to combine Sub1
with tolerance to
flooding during
germination.
Output Target Materials
2009: Breeding
lines combining
tolerance to
flooding during
germination and
vegetative
growth
Output Target Materials
2009: Five
breeding lines
combining
submergence
tolerance (with
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 25 of 210
the Sub1 gene)
and adaptation
to stagnant
flooding for
NARES.
Output Target Other kinds
2009: Impact of of
submergence knowledge
tolerance
technologies on
productivity
assessed at
seven target
sites.
Output Target Other kinds
2009: of
Understanding of knowledge
the spatial and
temporal
distribution of
flooding in rice
in Cambodia,
Indonesia, Laos,
Philippines,
Thailand, and
Vietnam.
Output Target Other kinds
2009: Advanced of
knowledge of knowledge
the physiological
basis of
tolerance to
water
stagnation.
Output Target Materials
2009: At least 3
new Sub1 lines
developed for
South East Asia
regions through
NARES
collaboration.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: At least of
one additional knowledge
fine-mapped
alternate
QTL/gene for
submergence
tolerance non-
allelic to Sub1.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 26 of 210
Moved from
2009.
Output Target Practices
2010: MAB
system to
combine multiple
QTLs for
submergence
tolerance.
Output Target Practices
2010: Validated
packages of
management
strategies for
the new tolerant
varieties for
higher and
stable yield.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: Fine map of
for at least one knowledge
QTL for
tolerance to
flooding during
germination
completed and
candidate genes
identified.
Output Target Materials
2010: Effect of
submergence on
growth and yield
incorporated into
the ORYZA2000
model
Output Target Other kinds
2010: Estimate of
of potential knowledge
productivity
gains as a
consequence of
submergence
tolerance
technologies in
South and
Southeast Asia.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: of
Knowledge of knowledge
adoption
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 27 of 210
patterns and
constraints to
adoption of
improved
technologies in
submergence
prone areas.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: of
Knowledge of knowledge
the extent of
production
losses and
farmers coping
mechanisms in
submergence
prone areas in
key sites in
South and
Southeast Asia.
Output Target Materials
2011: Breeding
lines combining
tolerance to
submergence
followed by
long-term
stagnant
flooding
identified and
disseminated to
NARES for
validation.
Output Target Materials
2011: Five
varieties with
Sub1
submergence
tolerance
released in
NARES and
entered into
large-scale seed
production.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: of
QTLs/genes from knowledge
FR13A
responsible for
stronger
submergence
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 28 of 210
tolerance and
quick recovery
identified.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: of
Physiological knowledge
bases of
tolerance to
stagnant
flooding and
rapid
regeneration
ability
understood.
Output Target Materials
2011: Mapping
populations
developed and
QTLs associated
with tolerance of
stagnant
flooding
identified.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: of
Assessment of knowledge
the impact of
submergence
tolerant
technologies on
farmers’
incomes and
income stability
in three
locations in
South Asia.
Output 3: NARES and NARES in salt- Adoption of the
Superior farmers in affected and superior
germplasm problem soil problem soil germplasm
with areas. areas in South across 2 million
tolerance and Southeast ha of salt-
of salinity Asia validate and affected and
and other adapt superior other problem
soil germplasm and soils in India,
problems, suitable CNRM Bangladesh,
together options for Myanmar,
with release to Philippines,
suitable farmers. Cambodia,
manageme Indonesia and
nt options, Vietnam. In
developed salt-affected
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 29 of 210
by 2012. areas, the
average rice
yield will
increase from
1.5 t/ha in
2005 to 3.0
t/ha in areas
where new
varieties were
adopted. In
other problem
soil areas, rice
production will
increase by
30% where new
varieties were
adopted.
Overall,
increased rice
production will
result in
reduced
poverty and
improve the
livelihoods of
poor rice
producers and
consumers in
target areas.
Output Target
2008: Validated
improved CNRM
practices
(integrated with
salt tolerant rice
germplasm) for
efficient use of
inputs and
stabilized
productivity for
saline/alkaline
regions for India
and Bangladesh.
Output Target
2008: One
mega-variety
into which the
Saltol locus for
salinity tolerance
has been
introgressed
using markers
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 30 of 210
Output Target
2008:
Recommended
technologies
(integrated use
of improved
germplasm,
CNRM, and
amendments) to
reclaim
saline/alkaline
soils.
Output Target Materials
2009: At least
one fine-mapped
QTL associated
with salinity
tolerance (other
than Saltol) and
markers for
introgression
with Saltol into
mega-varieties.
Output Target Practices
2009:
Phenotyping
techniques
standardized for
screening for Zn
deficiency and
Fe toxicity and
knowledge of
physiological
bases of
tolerance.
Output Target Materials
2009: Fifteen
improved
multiple abiotic
stress tolerant
breeding lines,
hybrids, and
alien
introgression
lines with
improved grain
quality for India,
Bangladesh,
Vietnam,
Myanmar and
Indonesia.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 31 of 210
Output Target Materials
2009: Validated
decision support
tools and
training
materials for
four improved
crop
management
technologies at
three sites.
Output Target Other kinds
2009: Increased of
understanding knowledge
about the
constraints to
adoption of salt-
tolerant varieties
and
management
practices and
their economic
and social
impact.
Output Target Materials
2009: IR64
lines with
significantly
improved salinity
tolerance by
pyramiding QTLs
from two
donors.
Output Target Materials
2009:
Phenotyping and
MAB system for
Pup1 developed.
Output Target Materials
2009: Pup1
indica varieties
available.
Output Target Materials
2010: An
additional
validated QTL for
phosphorus
deficiency
tolerance. Moved
from 2009.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 32 of 210
Output Target Other kinds
2010: of
Evaluation of knowledge
four validated
improved elite
lines or mega-
varieties with
Saltol
introgressed at
IRRI.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: Ex-ante of
assessment of knowledge
the CNRM
technologies for
salinity and
associated
stresses at three
NARES sites
Output Target Materials
2010: Twenty
five new
improved
multiple abiotic
stress tolerant
breeding lines,
hybrids, and
alien
introgression
lines with
improved grain
quality for India,
Bangladesh,
Vietnam,
Myanmar, and
Indonesia.
Output Target Materials
2010: At least
one fine-mapped
QTL and closely
linked markers
associated with
Zn deficiency
and Fe toxicity
available for
introgression
into widely
adopted
varieties.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: of
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 33 of 210
Knowledge of knowledge
the closely
linked markers
for QTLs for
salinity tolerance
at the
reproductive
stage.
Output Target Materials
2010: Breeding
lines combining
tolerance to
salinity and
Sub1.
Output Target Materials
2010: At least
one widely
adopted variety
with Pup1
developed for
phosphorous
uptake.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: Beneficial of
effect of Pup1 knowledge
and P-fertilizer
on drought
quantified.
Output Target Materials
2011: Five
mega-varieties
with Saltol
introgression
evaluated in
India,
Philippines, and
Bangladesh.
Output Target Materials
2011: Two
breeding lines
combining
tolerance of
submergence
and salinity
evaluated in
coastal
Bangladesh and
India.
Output Target Materials
2011: MAB
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 34 of 210
system
developed and
used to combine
QTLs associated
with tolerance of
salinity at
seedling and
reproductive
stages.
Output Target Practices
2011: MAB
employed by
NARES in India,
Vietnam, and
Bangladesh to
transfer major
QTLs into locally
adapted
varieties.
Output Target Materials
2011: Thirty
improved
multiple abiotic
stress
(salinity/sodicity
, Zn deficiency
and Fe toxicity)
tolerant
breeding lines
with improved
grain quality
tested by at
least 5 NARES
partners.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: of
Assessment of knowledge
the impact of
saline tolerant
technologies on
farmers’
incomes and
income stability
in three key
locations in
South Asia.
Output 4: NARES NARES evaluate Rice yields in
Superior scientists and improved uplands are
germplasm research germplasm for increased by at
and leaders inclusion in their least 30%.
improved National and breeding Improved
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 35 of 210
manageme international programs. management of
nt options development NARES make rice landscapes
for uplands agencies improved reduces land
developed technologies degradation in
by 2012. available to sloping uplands
farmers who Farmers
adopt these incomes
across at least increase by at
20% of the least 20% due
upland areas. to incorporation
of remunerative
cash crops in
rice based
systems.
Furthermore,
policy makers
and
development
agencies will
have better
information and
knowledge of
the food
security
problems of
ethnic
minorities in
the uplands.
Output Target
2008:
Knowledge of
interactions and
resource flows
between sloping
uplands and
upland paddies
in Laos.
Output Target Materials
2009: Improved
glutinous upland
rice germplasm
for Laos.
Output Target Materials
2009: Upland
rice germplasm
combining
improved yield
potential with
drought
tolerance for
Laos and
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 36 of 210
Vietnam.
Output Target Practices
2009:
Community seed
bank for seed
and food
security
formalized in
Indonesia.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: of
Knowledge of knowledge
the potential in
the upland
landscapes of
mixed cropping
systems
including rice-
non rice
rotations,
interplanting,
and mulch/green
manure for
improved
productivity,
fertility
enhancement,
and pest
management.
Moved from
2009.
Output Target Materials
2010: Improved
upland rice
germplasm with
high yield
potential,
drought
tolerance, and
weed
competitiveness
for NARES.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: of
Strategies for knowledge
rice-legume
cropping
systems from
farmer-
participatory
research for pest
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 37 of 210
management
evaluated in the
Philippines
Output Target Practices
2011: Validated
crop mixtures,
management
options, and
rotations to
improve the
productivity and
sustainability of
upland rice
systems. Moved
from 2010.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: of
Strategies for knowledge
scaling-up of
technology
options to
improve the
productivity and
sustainability of
upland rice
systems. Moved
from 2010.
Output Target Materials
2011: Fine-
mapped QTL
associated with
brown spot
resistance and
markers for
introgression
into mega-
varieties.
Output 5: Scientists NARES use Cropping
Resource NARES natural sustainability intensity
manageme resource indicators to increases by
nt options managers monitor 50% in areas
and NARES ecosystem characterized
strategies researchers health in rainfed by short and
for Extension environments. erratic
intensificat workers NARES monsoons.
ion and Development researchers test Land and water
diversificat agencies and refine productivity is
ion of Farmers landscape increased by
rainfed organizations management 50% across 2
systems and cropping million ha of
developed systems salt affected
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 38 of 210
by 2012. strategies and coastal areas in
develop Vietnam and
technology Bangladesh.
advisory notes
and extension
materials.
NARES use this
information to
train extension
workers and
development
agencies on
improved
farming systems
and ecosystem
management.
Farmers adopt
new land
management
and cropping
systems
strategies across
5 million ha.
Output Target
2008: Improved
rice-aquaculture
systems for salt-
affected coastal
areas of the
Mekong Delta,
Vietnam and in
Bangladesh.
Output Target
2008:
Integrated crop
management
technologies for
rice-wheat and
rice-legume
systems from
farmer-
participatory
research in
rainfed regions
of eastern India
and Bangladesh.
Output Target
2008: A tested
RICE CHECK-
based
methodology to
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 39 of 210
improve crop
management for
intensified rice
production in
Cambodia.
Output Target
2008: Maps of
resource
management
domains to
facilitate land
use planning in
Bac Lieu
Province,
Mekong Delta,
and Vietnam.
Output Target Other kinds
2009: of
Knowledge on knowledge
constraints to
adoption of
improved
germplasm and
resource
management
options for
double cropping
of rice in the
coastal area of
Bangladesh.
Output Target Practices
2009: Decision
support tools to
facilitate
technology
development
and uptake for
rice-wheat, rice-
aquaculture and
rice-legume
systems.
Output Target Practices
2009: Effective
options for
germplasm (rice
and non-rice)
and cropping
sequences in
saline/alkaline
areas of India,
Bangladesh, and
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 40 of 210
Vietnam.
Output Target Practices
2009: Crop and
NRM strategies
for intensified,
drought-prone,
rice-based
systems from
three research
sites in Eastern
India and the
Greater Mekong
region.
Output Target Practices
2009:
Characterization
methods for rice
pests and
diseases in
favorable and
unfavorable
rainfed
ecosystems
developed and
tested.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: of
Assessment of knowledge
productivity,
environmental
and socio-
economic impact
of integrated
crop
management
using actual
survey and
simulation
models in rice-
wheat systems
of Nepal and
Eastern India.
Output Target Practices
2010: A
validated
methodology to
integrate
research results
and farmers
experience for
site-specific
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 41 of 210
intensification of
rainfed lowland
rice in
Cambodia,
northeast
Thailand, and
the Philippines.
Output Target Practices
2010:
Germplasm and
management
options for
double cropping
in flood-prone
areas of
Indonesia,
Cambodia, and
Myanmar.
Output Target Practices
2010: Validated
methodology for
monitoring
sustainability
and system
productivity
from four
representative
rainfed sites
Output Target Practices
2010: Validated
effective and
more profitable
cropping
patterns in
flood-prone
areas of West
Bengal, India
and Rangpur,
Bangladesh.
Output Target Practices
2010:
Strategies for
rice-legume
cropping
systems from
farmer-
participatory
research for pest
management in
the Philippines.
Output Target Other kinds
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 42 of 210
2010: Database of
for characterized knowledge
rice pests and
diseases in
favorable and
unfavorable
rainfed
ecosystems
established.
Preliminary
analysis of
[production
situation]x[injur
y profiles]
relationships.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: Analysis of
of environmental knowledge
sustainability of
rice production
in three
countries in the
Greater Mekong
Subregion.
Moved from
2009.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: Database of
on knowledge
environmental
sustainability for
two
representative
rainfed sites.
Moved from
2010.
Output Target Practices
2011: Improved
CNRM options
for intensified
rainfed lowlands
of the Philippines
developed and
available.
Output Target Practices
2011:
Germplasm and
management
options for
double cropping
in flood-prone
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 43 of 210
areas of
Indonesia,
Cambodia, and
Myanmar.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: of
[production knowledge
situation]x[injur
y profiles]
relationships
established and
priorities for
future research
(host plant
resistance and
crop
management)
determined.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 44 of 210
2: Sustaining productivity in intensive rice-based systems: rice and the
environment
Project Overview and Rationale
Rationale
Asian urban centers have the majority of the world’s urban poor and within the next 25
years nearly 55% of the population of Asia will be located in these areas. The urban poor
require food at affordable prices and this must come from increased productivity in intensive
rice systems, which now account for over 70% of total rice production. Rice-growing areas
are among the worlds most enduring, environmentally sound, and productive
agroecosystems, and increased rice production in recent decades has had a significant
impact on poverty reduction. Rice ecosystems provide basic commodities and regulatory
services, including nutrient and water cycling, and biological control. Poor people depend on
these ecosystem services to provide their needs as they are often without infrastructure to
obtain clean water, food, and fuel. Environmental sustainability and ecosystem services are
threatened, however, by the loss of biodiversity, climate change, and inappropriate
management systems often caused by land, water, or labor shortages.
In some areas of Asia, a rice crop is being replaced by another crop such as maize in
response to limitations in irrigation water and high demand for the crop. Crop diversification
and intensification may jeopardize sustainability due to deterioration in soil health and pest
buildup, and crop management approaches will be required to avert this. IRRI and CIMMYT
will work together in an Alliance project for Intensive Production Systems in Asia to
understand the effects of diversification on the ecosystem and the environment and to
develop sustainable management practices for evolving production systems. The misuse of
agricultural chemicals can interfere with the regulating services of the ecosystem, such as
biological control and air and water quality, yet farm-level practices can optimize their use in
order to maintain yields while minimizing environmental impact.
Increasing water scarcity threatens agriculture and livelihoods, and this will be pronounced
in many areas. In many areas in South Asia, heavy pumping of groundwater is lowering
water tables. In many monsoon areas, such as in the delta areas of South and Southeast
Asia, competition is heavy for water, particularly in the dry season. Water supplies are
further threatened by contamination from industrial and urban sources. Agriculture may also
contribute in the form of agricultural chemicals, nitrates, and salt in the subsoil, which may
affect human health and also threaten aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services. Water is
a key entry point for integrated management solutions addressed in this program, both at
the field level (see Output 2) or landscape level (Output 3).
Labor availability is a major driver of change in many of the rice production systems in Asia
and is leading to changes such as in the shift from transplanting to direct seeding. In the
Indo-Gangetic Plains, for example, the desire to reduce costs has motivated the
development of conservation agriculture to reduce the tillage required for crop establishment
and conserve the resource base. The changing production environment has significant
implications for resource management and productivity, and appropriate land management
is required to ensure the sustainability of rice ecosystems. Cropping practices, rotations,
fertilizer management, pesticide use, tillage, fallow and field margin management, and
flooding regimes may all play important roles in conserving biodiversity, and indigenous
knowledge of landscape management is a key resource. Biodiversity plays a vital role in
maintaining the resilience of agroecosystems to drought, pest outbreaks, and floods, and in
the provision of ecosystem services. Rice germplasm and species diversity are essential for
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 45 of 210
sustaining effective host-plant resistance and minimizing the risk of widespread and severe
pest outbreaks.
Global climate change is one of humankind’s most important challenges. There is a growing
consensus that Earths temperature is increasing, largely as a result of carbon dioxide and
other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In temperate areas, rice production may benefit
from rising temperatures. However, the majority of the world’s rice areas crop production
will suffer as a consequence of climate change unless measures for improved crop
adaptation to rising temperature, submergence, salinization, or drought are taken. Likewise,
new options for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in intensifying and diversifying rice
systems need to be developed and disseminated to rice farmers.
IRRI will meet the above challenges by exploiting genetic resources with conventional and
biotechnological approaches to produce highly productive and well-adapted varieties.
Molecular breeding will be used to incorporate yield-enhancing genes from exotic and wild
species into improved cultivars and parents for superior hybrids. Germplasm generated will
be combined with crop and land management alternatives to optimize resource use,
maintain the natural resource base, and together with postharvest options, improve
productivity. Ecological approaches at the field and landscape level will be used to gain a
better understanding of the role of biodiversity and to maximize the effectiveness of cultural
control options for pests. To mitigate the threats to productivity posed by intensification,
diversification, water shortages, and climate change will require innovative approaches to
develop resource management and germplasm options. Options will be developed and
deployed through a range of partnerships. Improved germplasm will be made available
through INGER and technology options will be extended and adaptive research undertaken
with NARES through two consortia, the Irrigated Rice Research Consortium (IRRC) and the
Rice-Wheat Consortium (RWC), and also through the IRRI-CIMMYT Alliance (ICA). To
address the challenge of water shortages, close links will be fostered with the Challenge
Program on Water and Food. To meet the threats posed by climate change, IRRI will lead
the consortium Rice and Climate Change.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities
Enhancement of rice germplasm to tolerate stresses and increase productivity in intensive
rice-based systems (Output 1) is closely aligned with System Priority 2A and in particular
specific goal 1 by enhancing the capacity of genetic improvement programs through use of
approaches to link the characterization and use of germplasm, and specific goal 2 with the
identification and development of pro-poor traits to raise the productivity of water, labor and
land. Resource management and germplasm options to address the threats sustainability
due to intensification and a decline freshwater resources (Output 2) address System
Priorities 4C (specific goals 1, 2, and 3), and 4D (specific goals 4, 5, 6, and 7). Landscape
approaches will be applied to achieve Output 3 by identifying improved land use practices
and the development of options to increase the productivity of irrigation water, improve soil
health, and reduce vulnerability through integrated pest management are essential elements
of System Priorities 4A (specific goals 1,2, 4, and 5) and 4D (specific goals 4, 5, 6, 7, and
8). To meet the challenges of climate change, Output 4 will address System Priority 2A
(specific goal 2) and 2B through the development of germplasm with tolerance to abiotic
stresses and options to improve sustainability under 4D (specific goals 4, 5, and 8).
Partnerships with national institutions (Output 5) will aim at enhancing the impact of
agricultural research and are congruent with System Priorities 4C (specific goal 1), 4D
(specific goal 8), 5A (specific goal 1), 5C (specific goal 2) and 5D.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 46 of 210
Project Outputs
The program has five outputs. Output 1 will generate germplasm that will improve
productivity and be less affected by biotic and abiotic constraints. Outputs 2 and 3 will focus
on alleviating constraints, including water availability and quality, contamination by heavy
metals, deteriorating soil quality, and increased pest buildup, and will identify options to
improve sustainability through studies at the field to landscape level. Output 4 will develop
germplasm and management options to improve rice adaptation to climate change and
mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from rice systems, and Output 5 will develop and
strengthen NARES consortia to facilitate the development of appropriate technologies and
facilitate greater impact.
Outputs Description
Changes from previous MTP Outputs
None
Output 1: Improved rice germplasm and management practices to enhance yield
potential and achieve sustainable productivity developed by 2012.
Description: An improved understanding of the genetic basis and physiological mechanisms
of yield potential, pest resistance, and grain quality will allow the development of elite inbred
and hybrid germplasm with higher yield potential, multiple resistance to insects and
diseases, and superior grain quality. Management and ecological approaches to crop
performance will identify yield gaps and pathways to reduce crop losses. Integrated
germplasm and pre- and postharvest management options will enable yield gaps to be
closed, productivity increased, production costs minimized, and farmers profitability
increased.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of
food staples; 2B: Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses; 2C: Enhancing nutritional
quality and safety; 2D: Genetically enhancing selected high-value species;
Countries of Planned Research: Cambodia; China; Lao People's Democratic Republic;
Philippines, IRRI HQ; Viet Nam;
Output 2: Integrated resource management options and germplasm to address
threats to sustainability related to trends of increasing intensification and
diversification and decreasing freshwater resources developed by 2012.
Description: Greater understanding and knowledge of the impact of intensification and
diversification, and associated management practices, will be developed through
partnerships and through collaborative arrangements such as the ICA and RWC. In
particular, the second-generation problems associated with salinity, soil health, water
quality, and pest/weed buildup with emerging crop management and land-use patterns will
be elucidated, and integrated options developed to mitigate these. Natural resource
management options and germplasm will be developed to combat water scarcity, including
innovative management practices such as alternate wetting-and-drying and aerobic rice, to
use low quality water (affected by salt and chemicals), and to minimize uptake of toxic
metals (including arsenic, cadmium, and others) into rice plants.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 4C: Improving water productivity; 4D: Promoting sustainable
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 47 of 210
agro-ecological intensification in low- and high-potential areas; 5A: Improving science and
technology policies and institutions;
Countries of Planned Research: Bangladesh; India; Myanmar; Philippines; Philippines, IRRI
HQ; Viet Nam;
Output 3: Integrated management options for improved environmental
sustainability in rice-based landscapes developed by 2014.
Description: The ecological components of ecosystem resilience will be determined and
practices and policy options identified to enhance biodiversity and improve sustainability.
The role of rice paddies in the hydrological cycle will be elucidated since the relationship
between paddies and maintenance of ecosystem services though critical is poorly
understood. Greater knowledge will be developed of the material flows (water, pollutants,
and air pollution/burning) that occur in intensive rice systems and spatial interactions
between rice and the surrounding environment. Integrated resource management options
will be developed in order to improve sustainability and optimize productivity and ecosystem
services at the subbasin level.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 4A: Promoting integrated land, water and forest management
at landscape level; 4C: Improving water productivity; 4D: Promoting sustainable agro-
ecological intensification in low- and high-potential areas; 5A: Improving science and
technology policies and institutions; 5D: Improving research and development options to
reduce rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: China; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Malaysia;
Philippines; Viet Nam;
Output 4: Options to adapt rice systems to climate change, particularly higher
temperatures and raised sea levels, and to minimize greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions developed by 2014.
Description: The nature and extent of climate change and the threats posed to the major
rice production areas will be determined through climate and crop modeling, undertaken in
partnership with existing research groups and by using established databases. Germplasm
will be adapted to the predicted climates, with tolerance of heat and salinity for the coastal
areas, and crop management options will be developed to address the changed environment
and crop-pest relationships. Crop management options will also be generated to minimize
GHG emissions and the contribution of rice production to climate change.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of
food staples; 2B: Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses; 4A: Promoting integrated
land, water and forest management at landscape level; 4D: Promoting sustainable agro-
ecological intensification in low- and high-potential areas; 5A: Improving science and
technology policies and institutions; 5D: Improving research and development options to
reduce rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Australia; Bangladesh; Egypt; Gambia; India; Indonesia;
Iran; Japan; Mozambique; Myanmar; Philippines; Senegal; Tanzania; Viet Nam;
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 48 of 210
Output 5: Strategies for uptake and impact of research results in place by 2010.
Description: While each of the outputs under Program 2 will aim at uptake and impact at the
NARES level, Output 5 will have specific research activities directed at facilitating the
delivery, promotion, and uptake of technologies and knowledge. These activities will be
conducted within the Irrigated Rice Research Consortium (IRRC) that has activities in 10
countries in Asia, the Rice-Wheat Consortium (RWC) that has activities in four countries in
South Asia, and the Environmental Radio programs to raise awareness of Southeast Asian
farmers of environmental issues associated with farming practices. IRRI and NARES partners
will collaborate with expanded activities for validation, integration, and scaling out of the
principles, approaches, and technologies developed for intensive rice-based farming
systems. IRRI social and natural resource scientists will provide a scientific platform for
developing and assessing pathways of adoption. Collaborative research will examine how
farmers respond to different pathways of information transfer and to policy changes, and
scaling out of the technologies will be led by the NARES of the respective countries. A
common focus will be on the delivery and measurement of the impact of new technologies
and crop management options on smallholder farmers and consumers, many of whom are
urban poor and landless in rural areas of the participating Asian developing countries.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 4C: Improving water productivity; 4D: Promoting sustainable
agro-ecological intensification in low- and high-potential areas; 5A: Improving science and
technology policies and institutions; 5D: Improving research and development options to
reduce rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao
People's Democratic Republic; Myanmar; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam;
Impact Pathways
Integrating the development of more productive germplasm with improved land use
practices and management will provide the greatest opportunities to develop options
suitable for adoption by NARES researchers, development workers, and ultimately farmers.
The main outputs available to NARES will be knowledge of desirable germplasm traits and
understanding of the factors influencing the sustainability of the natural resource base, and
improved germplasm as developed lines and parent materials, appropriate management
options for rice based systems, and policy options. Outputs will be developed with national
institutions through consortia and other partnerships and activities will comprise the
identification of constraints and development of management options and germplasm,
through to validation in farmers’ fields. Consortia in particular will provide broad access to
improved germplasm and management options, and facilitate greater impact within rural
communities. Evaluation and adaptation of options will also occur independently of either the
consortia or IRRI as part of NARES initiatives. Outputs are expected to be used by breeders,
researchers, development workers, and policymakers in natural resource management and it
is envisaged that these will improve the effectiveness of NARES and ARI partners through
increased availability of development alternatives and strengthened capacity. Partnerships
with NGOs and the private sector will be encouraged where appropriate.
Impact Pathways by Output
Output 1: Improved rice germplasm and management practices to enhance yield potential
and achieve sustainable productivity developed by 2012. See generic statement on Impact
Pathways.
Output 2: Integrated resource management options and germplasm to address threats to
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 49 of 210
sustainability related to trends of increasing intensification and diversification and decreasing
freshwater resources developed by 2012. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 3: Integrated management options for improved environmental sustainability in rice-
based landscapes developed by 2014. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 4: Options to adapt rice systems to climate change, particularly higher temperatures
and raised sea levels, and to minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions developed by 2014.
See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 5: Strategies for uptake and impact of research results in place by 2010. See generic
statement on Impact Pathways.
International Public Goods
This program will meet the needs for germplasm and options to improve the productivity,
and provide a platform and knowledge base to improve sustainability, of intensive rice-based
systems in the long term. In achieving this, the program will generate new knowledge and
broad understanding that will be made available in the form of IPGs. Research will use
advances in rice breeding and greater understanding of the factors affecting the
sustainability of rice systems to develop higher-yielding cultivars and hybrids and suitable
management options and strategies. Through the consortia, research activities will draw on
multiple sites to derive broad understanding and knowledge to support extrapolation and
wider application of the output targets. An example of this is the four working groups of the
IRRC. Each has activities across a range of countries and aims to develop options and
understanding of component technologies. Where it is appropriate, through the consortia
and other partnerships, Program 2 will participate in policy dialogues and roles of advocacy
in order to contribute to IPGs.
Elaboration of Partners Roles
For Output 1, the major partners in germplasm development will be NARES, NGOs, and the
private sector, and their roles are evaluation, identification, and use of breeding
materials/elite lines with high yield potential, improved grain quality, enhanced
micronutrient content, multiple resistance to diseases and insects, and cold tolerance. With
partners in China and Korea, studies will be conducted on stem borer ecology, the
population genetics of brown plant hopper, and gene flow. Marker-assisted selection (MAS)
and other genomics tools in germplasm improvement will be applied in collaboration with
ARIs and NARES. A wide range of NARES partners will collaborate on the integration of
canopy characteristics with germplasm and management, strategies to optimize macro- and
micronutrient applications, crop establishment, and pre- and postharvest management
practices and crop diversification for increased productivity, reduced crop losses, and
sustained production.
Through Output 2, research activities involving constraint identification, evaluation of
technology, and policy options will be largely undertaken with NARES partners, either
through bilateral partnerships or through the IRRC, RWC, and ICA. Activities on soil fertility
and related management will be undertaken in collaboration with the Southeast Asia
Program of PPI/PPIC and IPI, which will provide support and linkage to related activities in
Asia. In the case of water use and availability, activities will be undertaken with the
Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) and the Comprehensive Assessment (CA),
which will in turn provide linkages to other international centers such as IMWI and ICARDA,
universities in Germany and the Netherlands, and multilateral organizations, including FAO.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 50 of 210
Partnerships are yet to be fully developed for Output 3, but, in addition to others, these may
include NARES partners in Vietnam, China, and the Philippines that will collaborate on issues
related to biodiversity, and in Malaysia on water quality and the movement of pesticides.
Greater understanding of the hydrological cycle will derive from partnerships involving the
CPWF, CSIRO, and Charles Sturt University in Australia and these will be linked to NARES
activities.
Partners for collaborative activities in Output 4 will include universities and research centers
in Germany, Italy, UK, USA, Australia, Japan, China, Thailand, Vietnam, India, Iran,
Indonesia, and the Philippines. Collaborative arrangements will be established with NARES
partners and with the RWC and ICA in order to create study sites and for data collection,
identify management alternatives, undertake adaptive research, and evaluate technology
and policy options.
The IRRC, RWC, and ICA will provide important, but not exclusive, pathways for the scaling-
out of research findings, technologies, and policy options in Output 5. These consortia and
bilateral partnerships, such as the Environmental Radio in Vietnam, will link with NARES
institutions in India, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, China,
the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Laos, NGOs, and private industry in order to scale
out and achieve impact. The nature of partnerships will depend greatly on the capacities and
organization of the NARES and also how research organizations are related to extension and
development services. Within some NARES, the partnerships listed above and established in
the research and evaluation phase would be appropriate for scaling out, while, in others,
additional partnerships will be sought.
Logical Framework
Output Output targets Output target Intended Outcomes Impacts
types/ users
Verification
(optional)
Output 1: Researchers NARES in 8 The gap
Improved rice and breeders countries and between
germplasm at IRRI and other farm-level
and in NARES intended yield and the
management NGOs users use the potential of
practices to Extension improved improved
enhance yield agencies germplasm varieties will
potential and Private and be reduced
achieve sector and management by 25% in
sustainable farmers in practices in selected
productivity south and research, regions and
developed by south-east breeding over 10
2012. Asia, and and/or million ha,
East and extension and
southern programs. technology
Africa ARIs. Germplasm options will
will be made lead to a
widely reduction in
available the unit cost
through of
INGER. production
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 51 of 210
Consortia by 20% over
(IRRC, RWC, a similar
ICA) will play area. In
an important areas where
role in commonly
disseminating used
and varieties
facilitating the were
uptake by yielding
farmers It is below 5 t
expected that ha-1 in
technologies 2004, by
will be 2009 yields
transferred to will be
NARES increased by
institutions 15%.
that serve one
third of the
annual
irrigated rice
area in Asia
(c. 25 million
ha).
Output Target Materials
2008: Four
promising IRRI
inbreds and three
hybrids for
evaluation in
collaboration with
Asian NARES.
Output Target Materials
2008: Marker
aided selection
(MAS) protocols
for BPH, tungro,
cold tolerance,
amylose content
and gelatinization
temperature.
Output Target Materials
2008: Germplasm
resistant to stem
borer and sheath
blight from
transgenic and
other breeding
approaches.
Output Target Practices
2008: Validated
options for
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 52 of 210
integrated water
and sheath blight
management.
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: Host knowledge
resistance and
genetic
diversification
strategies for blast
and bacterial
blight.
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: Analysis of knowledge
the factors
influencing labor
availability in the
intensive rice
based systems in
SE Asia.
Output Target Materials
2009: Superior
IRRI bred lines
and five hybrids
developed at IRRI
or NARES using
IRRI hybrid rice
parents.
Output Target Materials
2009: IR64 NILs
for yield related
traits.
Output Target Practices
2009: High
throughput
protocols for grain
quality and
nutritional traits.
Output Target Practices
2009: Validated
postharvest
management
options for
Indonesia and
strengthened
market
information
sources in
Cambodia, Lao
and Vietnam.
Output Target Materials
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 53 of 210
2009: Identified
major QTLs for
cold tolerance at
vegetative and
booting stages
Output Target Other kinds of
2009: knowledge
Understanding of
physiological
selection criteria
for new plant type
concepts with
increased yield
potential
Output Target Materials
2009: Validated
markers linked to
resistance genes
for BPH (Bph118)
and blast (Pi40)
under field
evaluation in hot
spot locations
Output Target Other kinds of
2010: Validated knowledge
plant traits for
high yield and
management
strategies for
healthy canopy in
China, and South
and Southeast
Asia.
Output Target Materials
2010: Tagged
genes/QTLs for
iron and zinc
contents in the
rice grain and for
resistance to
sheath blight and
stem borer
Output Target Other kinds of
2010: BPH- knowledge
vectored rice
grassy stunt and
rice ragged stunt
viruses in Vietnam
characterized
Output Target Materials
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 54 of 210
2010: Developed
promising
breeding lines with
new genes for BPH
and blast
resistance
Output Target Materials
2011: Validated
pyramided lines
for BB resistance
against new races
and developed
promising
breeding lines
Output Target Materials
2011: Validated
pyramided lines
for BPH and WBPH
resistance
Output Target Materials
2011: Developed
superior breeding
lines for BPH, blast
and BB resistance
and cold tolerance
Output Target Materials
2011: Elite
varieties and their
plan traits for
increasing grain
yield of wet
season identified
Output Target Practices
2011: Improved
screening methods
for host plant
resistance to
sheath blight and
BPH
Output 2: Researchers Modified
Integrated and agricultural Sustainabilit
resource extension practices y, and
management staff of validated and improved or
options and NARES promoted by maintained
germplasm to Farmers in NARES and productivity
address South and adopted by of the rice
threats to Southeast farmers to production
sustainability Asia, China, improve the systems will
related to and also in sustainability enable
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 55 of 210
trends of east and and maintain incomes to
increasing southern or improve be
intensification Africa ARIs yields despite diversified,
and NGO Policy intensification and income
diversification makers. , and nutrition
and diversification improved for
decreasing and declining millions
freshwater water families in
resources availability. south Asia,
developed by Specifically, SE Asia and
2012. knowledge China.
and practices Reducing the
will be uptake of
adopted toxic metals
within partner will ease this
NARES and threat to
consortia and human
these will be health in
applicable to south Asia.
areas
exceeding 5
million ha in
South Asia,
SE Asia and
China.
Furthermore,
options to
reduce the
effects of
salinity on
productivity
will be
adopted by
farmers in
India and
Bangladesh
on upwards of
1 million ha,
and those to
reduce the
risk of uptake
of toxic
metals in rice
adopted over
0.75 million
ha in south
Asia and
those to
respond to
water scarcity
in northern
China,
Philippines,
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 56 of 210
India, and
Myanmar on
around 1
million ha.
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: Concepts knowledge
for integrated crop
management
(water, nutrients,
weeds and land
leveling) under
water-scarce
conditions in
lowland rice in the
Philippines,
Vietnam, India,
Bangladesh and
Myanmar.
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: Map of knowledge
water footprint of
rice in Asia
describing current
and future water
availability in
Asian irrigation
systems.
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: knowledge
Understanding of
the weed shifts in
the Indo-Gangetic
Plains due changes
to direct seeding,
and validated
weed
management
options in India
and Bangladesh.
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: knowledge
Understanding of
the causal factors
of yield decline in
aerobic rice and
prototype
management
interventions to
reduce the yield
decline
Output Target Other kinds of
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 57 of 210
2008: Strategic knowledge
assessment of the
current and future
potential for rice-
maize systems in
Asia (IRRI-
CIMMYT alliance).
Output Target Practices
2009: Options for
fertilizer, crop,
and soil
management in
rice-maize
systems (IRRI-
CIMMYT alliance).
Output Target Practices
2009:
Recommended
technologies for
minimum-till and
direct seeded rice
production
systems and policy
options for South
Asia.
Output Target Practices
2009: Prototype
integrated crop
management
systems and
germplasm for
water scarce
conditions in the
Philippines, India,
China, and
Myanmar.
Output Target Practices
2009:
Understanding of
fertilizer
management
options for Zn
enrichment in rice
grain and
agronomic
sufficiency
Output Target Other kinds of
2009: knowledge
Understanding of
adoption and
impact of water
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 58 of 210
saving
technologies in
China.
Output Target Practices
2010: Identified
limits of no-till
rice-wheat system
in terms of soil
quality, nutrient
application,
agrochemical
leakage, and
water usage.
Output Target Other kinds of
2010: knowledge
Understanding of
the physiological
mechanism of rice
adaptation to
reduced water
input and soil
moisture levels.
Output Target Practices
2010: Decision
tools for direct-
seeded rice in
Asia.
Output Target Practices
2010: Validated
local solutions for
best management
practices in rice-
maize systems in
four countries
(IRRI-CIMMYT
alliance).
Output Target Materials
2010: Suitable
management
options and
germplasm (rice,
non-rice) for dry
season rice based
cropping systems
in salt affected
areas in
Bangladesh, India,
and Vietnam.
Output Target Other kinds of
2011: knowledge
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 59 of 210
Understanding of
plant traits and
selection criteria
for adaptation to
conservation
agriculture
systems
Output Target Other kinds of
2011: Indicators knowledge
for changes in soil
properties due to
continuous rice-
wheat and rice-
maize cultivation
Output Target Practices
2011: Validated
fertilizer
management
options for Zn
enrichment in rice
grain and
agronomic
sufficiency
Output Target Other kinds of
2011: Rice pest knowledge
profiles and risk
zones quantified
and mapped in the
Philippines and
selected areas of
South Asia
Output Target Other kinds of
2011: knowledge
Understanding of
disease epidemics
on different plant
organs
Output Target Practices
2011: Improved
knowledge of the
long-term changes
in rice farming
system in the
Philippines and
India
Output 3: Researchers Scientists of Improved
Integrated at IRRI, in NARES and environment
management NARES in other al
options for south and institutions sustainability
improved south-east will use the and quality
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 60 of 210
environmental Asia, China new while
sustainability and in east knowledge on increasing
in rice-based and southern ecosystem productivity
landscapes Africa ARIs resilience, of the rice
developed by Policy material flows systems for
2014. makers and the farming
hydrological families in
cycles to Asia.
develop
improved
technologies
and policy
options.
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: Assessment knowledge
of the role of
surrounding
habitats in pest
management
(insects, diseases,
rodents and
weeds).MYT
alliance).
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: Framework knowledge
and partnerships
for studying
ecosystem
services in rice
landscapes.
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: Survey of knowledge
the extent of
heavy metal
contamination of
rice soils and
uptake into straw
and grain.
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: New knowledge
classification
system for rice
lands based on
climate,
hydrology, and soil
characteristics
Output Target Other kinds of
2009: Conceptual knowledge
framework to
analyze
hydrological
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 61 of 210
ecosystem
services of
paddies.
Output Target Capacity
2009: NARES
trained in
applications of
ecosystem
management
concepts
Output Target Practices
2010: Sustainable
ecologically-based
pest management
approaches for
rice based
systems including
improved options
for conservation
biological control
of insect pests
Output Target Practices
2010: Component
understanding of
the role of paddies
in the hydrological
cycle, the impact
of water scarcity,
and maintenance
of ecosystem
services at two
pilot sites in Asia.
Output Target Other kinds of
2011: Assessment knowledge
of the role of
surrounding
habitats in pest
management
(insects, diseases,
rodents and
weeds)
Output Target Policy
2011: Model and strategies
partnerships for
studying
ecosystem
services in rice
landscapes.
Output Target Practices
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 62 of 210
2011: Landscape
and farm
management
options evaluated
using farmer
participatory
methods.
Output 4: Researchers NARES and The
Options to and ARIs use the widespread
adapt rice extension knowledge of adoption of
systems to staff and the likely germplasm
climate farmers effects of and
change, worldwide climate management
particularly ARIs Policy change to options to
higher makers develop and address
temperatures adapt climate
and raised sea strategies, change will
levels, and to germplasm, help assure
minimize and crop future
greenhouse management harvests and
gas (GHG) options that well-being of
emissions cope with rice farmers
developed by climate and
2014. change and consumers
address worldwide.
challenges to
food
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: knowledge
Classification of
current and future
high temperature
stress
environments for
rice.
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: Evaluation knowledge
of germplasm for
tolerance/avoidanc
e of high
temperatures and
other climate-
induced stresses
in target areas.
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: Assessment knowledge
of the impact of
sea level rise in
the Mekong Delta.
Output Target Policy
2009: Improved strategies
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 63 of 210
prediction of the
impact of climate
on rice production
in key areas and
identification of
major coping
strategies
Output Target Other kinds of
2009: knowledge
Mechanisms for
germplasm
tolerance to high
temperature and
other abiotic
stresses under
future climates
identified.
Output Target Practices
2009:
Management and
policy options to
reduce GHG
emissions in water
scarce rice
production
systems, including
the rice-wheat
system.
Output Target Materials
2010: Genetics
for
tolerance/avoidanc
e of high
temperatures
elucidated and
disseminated for
testing of
advanced
germplasm/breedi
ng lines in target
areas (NARES).
Output Target Materials
2010: Germplasm
with multiple
stress tolerance
(salinity,
submergence) and
suitable
management
options available
for validation in
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 64 of 210
target areas.
Output Target Practices
2010:
Management and
policy options to
reduce GHG
emissions in water
scarce rice
production
systems.
Output Target Other kinds of
2011: Improved knowledge
understanding of
crop and pest
responses to
future climates
Output Target Materials
2011: Promising
breeding lines with
tolerance/avoidanc
e of high
temperatures
identified
Output Target Other kinds of
2011: knowledge
Physiological
understanding of
the effect of warm
night temperature
on rice production
and concepts for
management
strategies to cope
with elevated CO2
and temperature.
Output Target Practices
2011: Assessment
of soils, and water
and nutrient
management on
GHG emissions
and formulated
options to increase
carbon
sequestration
Output Target Practices
2011: Modeling
framework for
assessing effects
of intensification
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 65 of 210
and diversification
on C and N
budgets (incl. GHG
emissions) in rice-
dominated
landscapes
Output 5: NARES and NARES The
Strategies for NGOs in partners and livelihoods of
uptake and south and other millions of
impact of south-east institutions rice farming
research Asia, China will use these families in
results in Farmers strategies to South Asia,
place by Policy deliver SE Asia and
2010. makers ARIs improved China will be
technologies. enhanced
Governments because of
adopt policy greater and
options to faster
facilitate the uptake of
efficient appropriate
delivery of technologies
improved to improve
technologies the
and sustainability
management of rice-based
strategies for cropping
intensive rice- systems.
based farming
systems.
Effective
delivery of
research
results to
farmers in 4
countries
leads to
uptake of
technologies
and
integrated
management
strategies.
Output Target Practices
2008: Two
integrated
technologies and
principles for
sustainable,
intensive, rice-
based production
in Myanmar and
Indonesia.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 66 of 210
Output Target Capacity
2008: Improved
capacity of
consortium NARES
partners to
conduct
participatory
research.
Output Target Other kinds of
2008: Scientific knowledge
platform for
developing and
assessing adoption
pathways.
Output Target Other kinds of
2009: Improved knowledge
knowledge on
impacts of
integrated
technologies and
management
strategies at
farmer and
government levels
in Indonesia,
Philippines, and
Vietnam.
Output Target Practices
2009: Best
management
practices for
intensive rice-
based farming
systems compiled,
documented and
disseminated to
NARES partners
Output Target Practices
2009: Site-
specific nutrient
management
principles
disseminated
nationwide in
Indonesia and the
Philippines
Output Target
2010:
Strengthened
delivery channels
for postharvest
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 67 of 210
management
options and
market
information in
Indonesia.
Output Target Capacity
2010: Effective
stakeholder
networks
established in at
least four
countries and
maintained with
good
communication
between actors
Output Target Capacity
2010:
Professional
training programs
for public and
private sector
extension
Output Target Practices
2011: Effective
strategies for
broad scale
adoption of crop
management and
postharvest
technologies
implemented in at
least three
countries
Output Target Practices
2011: Best
management
practices for
intensive rice-
maize systems
evaluated and
disseminated in
three countries
Output Target Practices
2011: Improved
understanding of
pest management
strategies and
zoning for IPM
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 68 of 210
3: East and southern Africa: rice for rural incomes and an affordable urban
staple
Project Overview and Rationale
Rationale
Sub-Saharan Africa is now one of the world’s major poverty islands. There are about 130
million people in East and southern Africa (ESA) alone who live in extreme poverty and more
than 85% of these depend on agriculture. A large number of these people are rice
consumers and many are small rice producers. A significant investment in agriculture is
critical to eradicate hunger and poverty in ESA. Rural poverty in the ESA region could be
significantly reduced if the efficiency of local rice production were improved in the key rice
growing areas of Burundi, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.
The demand for rice is increasing at more than 6% per annum from urban consumers of ESA
who prefer imported rice from Asia because it is cheaper and better quality. This shift in
consumer preference has been driven by rapid urbanization, women’s growing participation
in the formal labor force, and population growth resulting in a shift away from cassava,
sorghum, millet, and maize. With the dramatic increase in the price of rice in early 2008 it is
even more important for African farmers to boost their productivity. Presently more than
700,000 tons of rice is imported into the ESA region annually and this costs more than
US$450 million in foreign exchange. There are more than half a million very poor rice
farmers in these countries that could reduce their poverty by growing and selling rice to local
urban markets and thereby replacing imported rice.
There is substantial potential for increasing crop yields. Although rice production has grown
at over 2.5% per annum since 1990, this is mostly due to expansion of the rice growing
-1
area. Rice yields have remained low and stagnant at 1-2 t ha due to unfavorable rice
environments and poor management. The lessons learned from research in Asia have
significant relevance to food security, poverty and health.
Initial investigations suggest that constraints to production include the limited range of
available rice varieties, the lack of inputs such as reliable water, affordable fertilizer and
labor, as well as high post-production losses, poor transport systems and an inability to
effectively access markets. While options to overcome many of these constraints already
exist, an integrated, research- based approach is required to improve the quality and
quantity of rice and to link farmers to local and regional markets.
Current rice yields in the ESA region are generally low and investigations suggest there is
considerable scope for the utilization of science to produce rapid improvement in
productivity. The considerable research knowledge and expertise of IRRI can form a sound
basis for a targeted, systematic research agenda that will meet the needs of the ESA
countries. The research agenda will be developed in close cooperation with national
programs and ARIs to capitalize upon both the existing knowledge within the countries and
the available international expertise.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities
The implementation of a regional genetic improvement program that increases the yield of
rice as a staple, improves its tolerance to biotic stresses and enhances the nutritional quality
aligns very closely with System Priorities 2A, 2B, and 2C. Developing partnerships with
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 69 of 210
national institutes and governments which aim to help make domestic markets work for the
poor and improve research and development options to reduce rural poverty are also
consistent with System Priorities 5B and 5D.
Project Outputs
The ESA program will draw on the considerable research that has been conducted by IRRI
across Asia. The results of genetic resource development and farming systems research in
Asia will be carefully evaluated for integration into the African environment. This program for
Eastern and southern Africa will concentrate on four priority outputs.
Outputs Description
Changes from previous MTP Outputs
None
Output 1: Research priorities and policy options formulated by 2010 through
characterization of the rice production environment and markets with regard to
productivity potential and environmental stress and their interface with poverty,
and implemented by 2011.
Description: An assessment of the rice production environment will gather socioeconomic,
production and market information to enable a better understanding of rice production with
regard to the whole farm enterprise and food security. Changes in resource availability,
evidence of threats to sustainability (including farmer practices and habits) will also be
researched. Although a market exists for imported rice in the ESA countries, the market and
demand for domestic rice is not yet developed. This initiative will make conscious efforts to
develop and promote markets for domestic rice.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 5B: Making international and domestic markets work for the
poor;
Countries of Planned Research: Burundi; Kenya; Mozambique; Nigeria, IITA HQ ; Philippines
, IRRI HQ ; Rwanda; Tanzania; Uganda;
Output 2: Elite lines including O. glaberrima derivatives with stress tolerant genes
validated by 2012.
Description: It is necessary to assess the currently-used germplasm and test new cultivars
with improved resistance to pests and diseases that also have desirable quality traits. The
rice varieties being grown in the rainfed areas of ESA are susceptible to indigenous pests
and diseases such as Rice Yellow Mottle Virus, African Gall Midge, Blast, and Striga.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of
food staples; 2B: Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses; 2C: Enhancing nutritional
quality and safety;
Countries of Planned Research: Burundi; Kenya; Mozambique; Nigeria, IITA HQ ; Philippines
, IRRI HQ ; Rwanda; Tanzania; Uganda;
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 70 of 210
Output 3: Sustainable production and post harvest rice-based technologies for both
seed and grain farms validated by 2011.
Description: These technologies will be aimed at solving problems of water management,
nutrition and pest management, and labor shortages, as well as the post harvest problems
in harvesting, drying, storage and milling facilities.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 5D: Improving research and development options to reduce
rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Burundi; Kenya; Mozambique; Nigeria, IITA HQ ; Philippines
, IRRI HQ ; Rwanda; Tanzania; Uganda;
Output 4: Capacity of key rice scientists, technicians, and extension staff to
conduct research, and to validate and disseminate technologies strengthened by
2010.
Description: Well-trained staff is needed to ensure relevant research is implemented, that
systems are sustainable and that technologies are communicated effectively to farmers.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 5D: Improving research and development options to reduce
rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Burundi; Kenya; Mozambique; Nigeria, IITA HQ ; Philippines
, IRRI HQ ; Rwanda; Tanzania; Uganda;
Impact Pathways
This program will target rice farmers in Burundi, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania,
and Uganda. These farmers will be encouraged and helped to grow new high-yielding
varieties that have good grain quality, using optimal production practices. Along with
production changes, farmers will also be able to access improved post production
management and to benefit from market knowledge and linkages
A second target group are local scientists, technicians and extension staff (including those
from the private sector) who will be part of a broad-based training program. Development of
local capacity in rice growing and post harvest operations will increase the sustainability of
an efficient rice growing sector in the target areas.
Local applicability must be the fundamental criterion in choosing technologies. An
understanding of existing farming systems and markets will guide research and determine
technologies best suited for adoption and sustainability. Institutional change can only be
catalyzed through the participation of the major stakeholders in any project design and
implementation. Participation of the national agricultural departments, universities and
extensions services is critical to achieve impact.
Impact Pathways by Output
Output 1: Research priorities and policy options formulated by 2010 through
characterization of the rice production environment and markets with regard to productivity
potential and environmental stress and their interface with poverty, and implemented by
2011. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 2: Elite lines including O. glaberrima derivatives with stress tolerant genes validated
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 71 of 210
by 2012. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 3: Sustainable production and post harvest rice-based technologies for both seed
and grain farms validated by 2011. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 4: Capacity of key rice scientists, technicians, and extension staff to conduct
research, and to validate and disseminate technologies strengthened by 2010. See generic
statement on Impact Pathways.
International Public Goods
The goals of this research for development program are:
to improve the efficiency of rice production and post harvest operations in key rice-
growing areas in the target ESA countries by 30% within 15 years; and
to strengthen the capacity of local rice scientists, technicians, and extension staff in
germplasm selection and adaptation, farm-level production, post harvest methods and
marketing.
Therefore, the knowledge and products, such as germplasm and equipment, are the
principal international public goods. The approach to be deployed in the program will help
produce an overview of the African rice industry and the impact that can be generalized
across a range of conditions. In addition, the research for development strategies utilized in
the program is expected to have wider application across other regions in Africa.
The first major challenge is to make available high-yielding rice varieties with acceptable
grain quality and resistance to major diseases and insects, and tolerance of abiotic stresses.
There is a need to breed and disseminate improved rice germplasm adapted to local
conditions. NERICA lines (derived from crosses between African Oryza glaberrima and Asian
O. sativa) and lowland sativa rice varieties that are tolerant of major pests are now showing
promise in some countries. However, selecting rice varieties with grain quality acceptable to
local consumers is critical to move farmers from subsistence to commercial rice farming.
Increasing rice yields and improving post-harvest management are critical to producing
quality rice at competitive prices. While many of the technologies for production and post
production have been developed and validated in a wide range of Asian countries, selecting
the appropriate technologies, validating in local environments and then disseminating to
farmers, will be the second major challenge.
Another critical challenge is the lack of trained rice scientists and technicians who are able to
develop germplasm and validate farming technologies. Therefore a program of locally
adapted capacity building is also urgently needed.
Elaboration of Partners Roles
The East and southern Africa Program will work with local collaborators including the NARES,
ARIs, NGOs, universities and the private sector:
The East and Central African Rice Research Network (ECARRN), University of Burundi
and the Burundi Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Kenya Agricultural Research
Institute (KARI), Instituto de Investigao Agricola de Moçambique (IIAM) Ministry of
Agriculture, Mozambique, Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda (ISAR) Rwanda
,Tanzanian Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Cooperatives (MAFC), Uganda Ministry of
Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) and IRRI will develop research
priorities and formulate policy options by 2009 through characterization of the rice
production environment and markets with regard to productivity potential and
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 72 of 210
environmental stress, and their interface with poverty in the four target countries.
IRRI will collaborate with the Africa Rice Center (WARDA) KARI and IIAM to develop elite
lines with stress tolerant genes and the program will utilize the existing skills and
experience both from the African and Asian experiences.
IRRI will collaborate with Sasakawa Global 2000 Mozambique (SG2000), MAFC, MAAIF,
KARI, and other private sector to enhance sustainable production and post harvest rice-
based technologies by validating and delivering new technologies to farmers. The new
technologies will draw upon the extensive work done in Asia by IRRI, its consortia and its
partner NARES. IRRI will collaborate with SG2000, ECARRN, Japanese International
Cooperative Agency (JICA) and local universities such as Sokoine University of
Agriculture, Mozambique and international universities to enhance the capacity of key
rice scientists, technicians and extension staff drawing upon the facilities and expertise of
other CG Centers as appropriate.
Logical Framework
Output Output Output target Intended Outcomes Impacts
targets types/Verifica users
tion (optional)
Output 1: IRRI ARIs A network of The
Research NARES key policy increased
priorities and including makers and productivity
policy options private researchers of sustainable
formulated by sector use a rice-based
2010 through validated and systems in
characterization approved ESA derives
of the rice regional rice from the
production research and targeted and
environment development efficient
and markets plan. regional rice
with regard to research and
productivity development
potential and program.
environmental
stress and their
interface with
poverty, and
implemented
by 2011.
Output Capacity
Target 2008:
A network of
key policy
makers and
researchers in
the six target
countries.
Output Other kinds of
Target 2008: knowledge
Understanding
of the rice
environment in
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 73 of 210
the six target
countries for
research,
production,
and marketing.
Output Other kinds of
Target 2008: knowledge
Analysis of the
capacity of
regional
scientists and
extension
officers to
conduct
research and
extension in
the six target
countries
Output Capacity
Target 2009:
A network of
key policy
makers and
researchers in
the six target
countries.
Output Other kinds of
Target 2009: knowledge
Understanding
of the rice
environment in
the six target
countries for
research,
production,
and marketing.
Output Capacity
Target 2009:
Analysis of the
capacity of
regional
scientists and
extension
officers to
conduct
research and
extension in
the six target
countries.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 74 of 210
Output Capacity
Target 2010:
ESA regional
plan for
research on
rice production
systems,
development
initiatives, and
capacity
building.
Output Other kinds of
Target 2011: knowledge
Implemented
regional plan
for research on
rice production
systems,
development
initiatives, and
capacity
building.
Output 2: Elite IRRI WARDA NARES New varieties
lines including ARIs NARES develop and increase
O. glaberrima use elite profits for
derivatives with varietal lines farmers and
stress tolerant appropriate to availability of
genes validated ESA rice higher quality
by 2012. environments rice for
in their consumers.
research and
breeding
programs.
Output Practices
Target 2009:
A network of
rice breeders
from key
institutes
across the six
target
countries.
Output Practices
Target 2009:
A coordinated
breeding
program
across at least
three ESA
target
countries.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 75 of 210
Output Practices
Target 2010:
A coordinated
breeding and
seed
multiplication
program
across six ESA
target
countries.
Output Practices
Target 2011:
A coordinated
breeding and
seed
multiplication
program
across six ESA
target
countries.
Output 3: Farmers NARES and Improved
Sustainable Post harvest other users quality and
production and commercial promote quantity of
post harvest sector efficient rice produced
rice-based NARES production and stored by
technologies for researchers and farmers and
both seed and and postproductio the
grain farms extension n technologies commercial
validated by agents, for ESA. sector
2011. NGOs increases
their profits
and enhances
the
availability of
higher quality
rice for
consumers.
Output Other kinds of
Target 2008: knowledge
Understanding
of existing crop
production and
post-harvest
management
systems and
opportunities
for change in
selected
countries of
the region.
Output Other kinds of
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 76 of 210
Target 2009: knowledge
Understanding
of existing crop
production and
post-harvest
management
systems and
opportunities
for change in
the remaining
countries of
the region.
Output Other kinds of
Target 2010: knowledge
Strategies to
improve
relevant crop
production,
machinery
manufacturing
and post-
harvest
management
systems.
Output Practices
Target 2011:
Implemented
strategies to
improve crop
production,
machinery
manufacturing
and post-
harvest
management
systems.
Output 4: CG Centers Scientists and The products
Capacity of key ARIs NARES extension of rice
rice scientists, officers use research in
technicians, their improved ESA are
and extension skills in delivered to
staff to conduct research, farmers more
research, and breeding and efficiently and
to validate and extension effectively.
disseminate activities.
technologies
strengthened
by 2010.
Output Capacity
Target 2008:
Enhanced
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 77 of 210
capacity of
scientists from
ESA through
targeted in-
country and
regional
training
courses and
international
training
opportunities.
Output Capacity
Target 2009:
Enhanced
capacity of
scientists from
ESA through
targeted in-
country and
regional
training
courses and
international
training
opportunities.
Output Capacity
Target 2010:
Enhanced
capacity of
scientists from
ESA through
targeted in-
country and
regional
training
courses and
international
training
opportunities.
Output Capacity
Target 2010:
Post graduate
training
program for
ESA scientists.
Output Capacity
Target 2011:
Enhanced
capacity of
scientists from
ESA through
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 78 of 210
targeted in-
country and
regional
training
courses and
international
training
opportunities
Output Capacity
Target 2011:
Post graduate
training
program for
ESA scientists.
Output Capacity
Target 2011:
An expanded
cadre of rice
scientists in
ESA.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 79 of 210
4: Rice and human health: overcoming the consequences of poverty
Project Overview and Rationale
Rationale
IRRI Program 4, Rice and human health: overcoming the consequences of poverty, is both
an outcome of the development of Goal 3 in IRRI’s new Strategic Plan and also a mechanism
to bring together the multiple rice biofortification projects (including the HarvestPlus
Challenge Program) and other, health-related efforts that already investigate germplasm,
farm practices, and policy options.
Underpinning maximum success in meeting many of the Millennium Development Goals is
the need to solve the widespread problems of health and nutrition that debilitate people and
hinder economic growth. There are 1.2 billion people in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa who
live in extreme poverty. Many of these do not have access to a diverse diet that provides the
requisite suite of minerals and vitamins for healthy growth and development. Poor nutrition
is manifested in invisible nutritional deficiencies (hidden hunger) and in malnutrition (visible
hunger). The accumulation of noxious compounds in the rice grain during cultivation and
storage can lead to serious health concerns for rice consumers. In addition, poor health in
the context of rice cultivation may be related to chronic and infectious diseases from water
and from vectors such as rodents and mosquitoes, as well as illness resulting from improper
use of chemicals.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities
The screening activities for novel traits, i.e. novel in the sense that these have not been
heretofore explored in rice germplasm, in Output 1, and to a lesser extent in Outputs 3 and
4, are aligned with Priority 1A (specific goal 3 and also to specific goal 4). Screening for high
iron and zinc levels in the polished grain is focusing on the sub-core collection and on
complementary collections in partner countries. These activities are also aligned with Priority
2A (specific goal 1) by directly screening germplasm for much needed traits.
Outputs 1 and 2 will also develop pro-poor traits in crops (Priority 2A, special goal 2) in that
micronutrient deficiency is a persistent and pervasive problem for poor rice consumers.
Outputs 1 and 2 address System Priority 2C (specific goals 1 and 2), and deal directly with
the development of biofortified crops and the validation of this approach to enhance the
diets of disadvantaged populations in developing countries, respectively. The successful
deployment of such improved crops is anticipated to require the appropriate communication
activities also and to forge novel partnerships for deployment (Priority 5C, specific goal 2)
Specific reference is also made in Priority 2C to aflatoxin (mycotoxin) contamination of food,
as result of microbial contamination and growth, and in the context of factors that further
limit potential use (and value) of staples by the poor. Output 4 seeks to address the problem
cadmium and other undesired components of rice are consistent with this. A related
connection can be made through Priority 5B that requires participation in research and
communication to enable poor producers to supply markets effectively and to comply with
current and emerging food safety requirements, especially as related to mycotoxin
contamination.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 80 of 210
Project Outputs
This program has four outputs.
Nutritionally-enhanced rice germplasm developed by 2009.
1. Nutritionally-enhanced rice germplasm developed by 2009.
2. Strategies for the development, promotion and delivery of biofortified rice, including
transgenic rice by 2010 for India and the Philippines, and then for Bangladesh, China,
and Vietnam.
3. Increased understanding of the roles of macromolecules in rice grains for caloric
efficiency by 2010.
4. Strategies to reduce contamination of rice grains and to improve practices that
decrease risks to human health developed by 2012.
Outputs Description
Changes from previous MTP Outputs
None
Output 1: Nutritionally-enhanced rice germplasm developed by 2009
Description: Outputs 1 and 2 bring together the ongoing and planned efforts on the
development and deployment of rice germplasm with increased content and/or
bioavailabaility of pro-vitamin A, iron, zinc, and Vitamin E, and with improved protein quality
(higher lysine content). These outputs build on existing commitments of the Institute under
HarvestPlus, the Golden Rice Network, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grand
Challenge #9 project (through the University of Freiburg). Output 1 will also move IRRI to
undertake the evaluation of the needs and development of solutions to additional
micronutrient deficiencies (e.g. vitamin B1).
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 1A: Promoting conservation and characterization of staple
crops; 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of food staples; 2C:
Enhancing nutritional quality and safety;
Countries of Planned Research: Australia; Austria; Bangladesh; Benin, WARDA HQ ; Brazil;
Cambodia; China; Colombia, CIAT HQ ; Germany; India; Indonesia; Korea, Democratic
People's Republic of; Korea, Republic of; Mozambique; Nepal; Philippines; Philippines , IRRI
HQ ; Thailand; United States of America; United States of America, IFPRI HQ ; Viet Nam;
Output 2: Strategies for the development, promotion and delivery of biofortified
rice, including transgenic rice, by 2010 for India and the Philippines, and then for
Bangladesh, China, and Vietnam.
Description: Outputs 1 and 2 bring together the ongoing and planned efforts on the
development and deployment of rice germplasm with increased content and/or
bioavailabaility of pro-vitamin A, iron, zinc, and Vitamin E, and with improved protein quality
(higher lysine content). These outputs build on existing commitments of the Institute under
HarvestPlus, the Golden Rice Network, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grand
Challenge #9 project (through the University of Freiburg). Output 1 will also move IRRI to
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 81 of 210
undertake the evaluation of the needs and development of solutions to additional
micronutrient deficiencies (e.g. vitamin B1).
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of
food staples; 2C: Enhancing nutritional quality and safety; 5D: Improving research and
development options to reduce rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Bangladesh; China; Germany; India; Indonesia; Italy,
Bioversity HQ ; Philippines; Philippines , IRRI HQ ; United States of America, IFPRI HQ ; Viet
Nam;
Output 3: Increased understanding of the roles of macromolecules in rice grains
for caloric efficiency by 2010.
Description: This represents an opportunity for IRRI to explore additional benefits from its
grain quality research and to define a research agenda that will guide any expansion its work
on the understanding of digestibility and food (caloric) value of different rice varieties. This
output could lead to improved varieties with greater digestibility and with greater storability
of cooked rice. The increased understanding will also include the value of these traits to
partners and will thereby also define the partners.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 1A: Promoting conservation and characterization of staple
crops;
Countries of Planned Research: Philippines, IRRI HQ;
Output 4: Strategies to reduce contamination of rice grains and to improve
practices that decrease risks to human health developed by 2012
Description: The IRRI Strategic Plan Goal 3 also anticipates new or expanded research that
serves to understand better the sources of contamination of rice grain that pose a risk to
human health and to the development of germplasm or cultivation practices that reduce the
accumulation of such toxic contaminants in the grain. IRRI will address the consequences of
rice cultivation and handling and of the poor quality of soil and irrigation water in a number
of environments. The health of rice consumers is threatened when the rice they eat is
contaminated.
Currently, the two most important types of contamination are toxins, such as arsenic and
cadmium, and microbial toxins such as mycotoxins. Arsenic accumulates in the maternal
tissue of the rice, like bran, when contaminated water is used to irrigate plants, but the
amount that accumulates in milled rice is likely to be smaller. The risks to consumers’ health
occur from consumption of (i) unpolished or undermilled rice from plants irrigated with
arsenic-containing water, and (ii) rice cooked in arsenic-containing water. Mycotoxins, which
are introduced by contaminating pathogens, can occur in the grain if the crop is incorrectly
handled during grain-filling, harvest or storage. Mycotoxin contamination can be decreased
by changing post-harvest handling and processing practices. The sources of contamination
of rice with arsenicals, cadmium, and other toxic metals and metalloids will need to be
understood - severity and health consequences - and both germplasm and crop
management options developed. This work builds on ongoing work in Bangladesh and India
on addressing the severe arsenic contamination issues associated with tube-wells and
contaminated farm land. The accumulation of mycotoxins in the rice grain may be an
emerging issue both directly for rice consumers but also for its implications for the
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 82 of 210
restriction of trade. A greater understanding of the prevalence and implications of this
problem needs to be gained and germplasm and management options prioritized. Awareness
by NARES and the relevance of the problem to national policy will be important components
in the prioritization of the activities for this output. This expanded interest builds on the
post-harvest storage research of the Institute.
Building on a long-standing commitment of the Institute to improve the rice farm
environment by addressing over-usage of pesticides in rice farming, IRRI will also seek to
understand and reduce the incidences of on-farm occupational and accidental poisonings due
to pesticides. With a concern to the appropriate use of pesticides in rice cultivation, and
building on existing work on helping farmers understand when pesticides are needed, IRRI
will need to understand the implications of on-farm pesticide handling and storage and
develop protocols to minimize occupational and accidental poisoning. Similarly, policies may
be developed and communicated for the safer use of farm machinery and equipment.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 1A: Promoting conservation and characterization of staple
crops; 2C: Enhancing nutritional quality and safety; 5A: Improving science and technology
policies and institutions;
Countries of Planned Research: Bangladesh; China; India; Indonesia; Philippines; Philippines
, IRRI HQ ; United States of America; Viet Nam;
Impact Pathways
The initial target populations for impact are women and young children in the major poverty
areas of Asia, but also soon after in Africa. For Golden Rice output targets, the partners in
India are coordinated through the Golden Rice Network Coordinator-India of the Department
of Biotechnology of the Government of India. For the Philippines, the partners include
PhilRice and will also include the leading nutrition institutions in the country, including the
University of the Philippines-Los Baňos, and the Food and Nutrition Research Institute. For
Bangladesh and Vietnam, the lead partners are the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute and
the Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, respectively, and the national nutrition and
other partners that they will nominate.
Impact Pathways by Output
Output 1: Nutritionally-enhanced rice germplasm developed by 2009 See generic statement
on Impact Pathways.
Output 2: Strategies for the development, promotion and delivery of biofortified rice,
including transgenic rice, by 2010 for India and the Philippines, and then for Bangladesh,
China, and Vietnam. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 3: Increased understanding of the roles of macromolecules in rice grains for caloric
efficiency by 2010. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 4: Strategies to reduce contamination of rice grains and to improve practices that
decrease risks to human health developed by 2012 See generic statement on Impact
Pathways.
International Public Goods
Certain products of the research for development activities of IRRI’s Program 4, especially
publications and other communications, can be provided as international public goods.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 83 of 210
However, in other aspects of developing its products and services, IRRI is guided by its
obligations and opportunities under bi- and multilateral agreements that largely govern its
use of germplasm, for example. In addition, especially in the area of transgenics, IRRI is the
recipient of advanced technologies provided under specific Material Transfer Agreements. In
all of these transactions, IRRI strives to ensure that it receives materials and technologies
under terms that permit it to share the subsequent products of its research as broadly as
possible.
Elaboration of Partners Roles
For many of the Outputs in Program 4, the delivery chain includes the NARES partners for
the co-development and expansion of germplasm and agricultural practices. However, the
Institute must greatly expand its interactions with the public health sector in developing
countries, both for policy and for deployment effectiveness. This process has already begun
in the Golden Rice Network for India and the Philippines and these will serve as models for
other products. The existing structures in the Golden Rice Network and in HarvestPlus have
already brought together many of the relevant national and regional institutions for impact.
In addition, the role of the private sector (seed and food processing) must be further
explored to maximize the complementary values for biofortification and other food-based
approaches to reducing the burden of micronutrient deficiencies, and especially for the roles
of the food sector in adopting and promoting consumption of the new materials. Certainly for
Golden Rice and a number of the other biofortified products, a transgenic approach is the
only viable option. The adoption of transgenic rice is so far untested, and it is a challenge
that must be met. IRRI’s capacity and track record in social sciences and its participation in
a number of ongoing international consortia and initiatives suggests that IRRI is well-placed
as an organization to assist in the assembly of the consortia to support the widespread
adoption of nutritionally enhanced and of transgenic rice.
The increased understanding that will be gained in Output 3 and the strategies developed in
Output 4 will also include the value of these traits to partners and will thereby also define
the partners and their roles.
Logical Framework
Output Output Output target Intended Outcomes Impacts
targets types/ users
Verification
(optional)
Output 1: IRRI The intended Rice
Nutritionally- researchers users will exploit consumers
enhanced rice and the germplasm will benefit
germplasm breeders lines in their from the
developed by NARES research and increased
2009 scientists breeding availability of
Private programs. Public rice with a
sector and private seed better
(subject to companies will nutritional
licenses) deliver seed to content.
Public farmers. NARES
health and the public
sector health and food
Farmers sectors will
promote
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 84 of 210
nutritionally-
enhanced grain
to consumers.
Output Materials
Target
2008: The
leading two
high iron
germplasm
lines from
conventional
breeding for
NARES.
Output Materials
Target
2009:
Understandin
g of the
bioavailability
of zinc in high
zinc rice.
Output Materials
Target
2010:
Biosafety Risk
Assessment
data for
Golden Rice
at an
advanced
stage.
Output Materials
Target
2011: Multi-
location tests
of high-zinc
rice by the
Bangladesh
Varietal
Release
Committee
Output 2: Public The strategies The
Strategies for health are used to consumption
the policy Integrate of biofortified
development, makers biofortified rice rice will
promotion and NARES into the reduce
delivery of scientists complementary, morbidity and
biofortified NGOs food-based mortality,
rice, including intervention especially in
transgenic approaches that women and
rice, by 2010 address children,
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 85 of 210
for India and nutritional caused by
the deficiencies. those diseases
Philippines, These strategies exacerbated
and then for will lead to by
Bangladesh, Increased micronutrient
China, and awareness of deficiencies.
Vietnam. the benefits of Furthermore,
transgenic, there will be a
biofortified rice. decreased
prevalence of
mineral and
vitamin
deficiencies in
poor rice-
consuming
women and
children
(under 5).
Output Policy strategies
Target
2008:
Nutrition
policy-based
deployment
plan for
biofortified
rice for India.
Output Policy strategies
Target
2009:
Nutrition
policy-based
deployment
plan and seed
production for
Golden Rice
in the
Philippines.
Output Policy strategies
Target
2010:
Nutrition
policy and
intervention
entities
engaged in
the
deployment
of Golden
Rice for the
Philippines.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 86 of 210
Output Policy strategies
Target
2011:
Strategic
communicatio
n plan to
support
deployment
of high-zinc
rice in
Bangladesh
Output 3: IRRI This knowledge Rice with a
Increased breeders is used to better starch
understanding and identify and profile
of the roles of researchers breed rice contributes to
macromolecule NARES germplasm with the health of
s in rice grains scientists a better starch undernourishe
for caloric profile. d people by
efficiency by delivering
2010. more calories
per meal.
Output Other kinds of
Target knowledge
2008:
Understandin
g of the
target
populations,
product
concepts, and
lead technical
approaches.
Output Other kinds of
Target knowledge
2009:
Analysis of
the link
between
starch
structure and
product
concept.
Output 4: IRRI Researchers Reduction in
Strategies to breeders and breeders occupational
reduce and will exploit the and accidental
contamination researchers germplasm lines health
of rice grains NARES Public and consequences
and to scientists private seed of rice
improve Public and companies will cultivation
practices that private deliver seed to and
decrease risks industry farmers NARES consumption.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 87 of 210
to human researchers and policy
health Agricultural makers will
developed by and public promote
2012 health improved
policy agricultural
makers practices
Farmers
Output Materials
Target
2008:
Germplasm
resistant to
accumulation
of toxic
contaminants
in grains.
Output Practices
Target
2008:
Understandin
g and
selection of
target regions
and practices.
Output Policy strategies
Target
2009:
Management
options,
technologies
and strategies
for minimized
mycotoxin
contamination
Output Capacity
Target
2010:
Increased
capacity of
NARES in
target areas
for adoption
and extension
of strategies
for reducing
mycotoxins
and heavy
metals and
other
contaminants.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 88 of 210
5: Rice genetic diversity and discovery: meeting the needs of future
generations for rice genetic resource
Project Overview and Rationale
Rationale
Genetic diversity is the foundation of the genetic improvement of crops. Knowledge of
multiple facets of rice genetic diversity from molecule to phenotype is essential for effective
conservation and use, for both current and future needs. Among all crop species, rice is
exceptionally well endowed with genetic resources and advanced genetic tools that make it a
model genetic system. The international rice genome sequencing efforts have generated
complete genome information for indica and japonica rice varieties. This, together with
expanding genomic information in other plant species, presents a new paradigm to
understand, explore, and use rice genetic resources.
IRRI is the custodian of the worlds largest ex situ collection of rice germplasm, covering
traditional and improved varieties as well as wild relatives. Shared use of the germplasm
collection has served rice breeding and research activities well. Yet, only a small fraction of
the rice genetic resources has been used in breeding. The International Network for Genetic
Evaluation of Rice (INGER) has facilitated the exchange and utilization of both IRRI and
NARES in over 80 countries during the last three decades. Sustained access, exchange and
utilization of advanced breeding materials are essential even as we expect a greater demand
for specific genetic resources to address production and environmental problems in the
future. This will translate into a greater demand for the genetic knowledge and tools that are
needed to identify and use resources that meet specific needs.
Genetic knowledge can now be integrated across species through comparative genomics
analysis, leading to accelerated discovery of gene functions. Furthermore, genome-wide
analysis has the potential of revealing new insights about genetic pathways, and creating
new opportunities to meet both anticipated and unforeseen challenges. Abundant and
accessible genetic diversity, either natural or induced, is a requisite for understanding
biological processes. On the other hand, uncharacterized genetic diversity will remain
unused. Thus, conservation, generation, and characterization of genetic diversity and
discovery of gene functions are interdependent activities that need to be integrated to
achieve desired outcomes.
This program has three components:
Genetic diversity characterization and creation, and gene function assignment.
Germplasm conservation and documentation.
Enabling access to and use of genetic diversity and associated tools.
The program houses activities of an exploratory nature in the genetic components of the
Frontier Projects. We are implementing this program through extensive collaboration with
NARES and ARIs in consortia and networks, including novel partnerships with the
private/non-government sectors.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities
The conservation and characterization of rice germplasm to meet the needs of future
generations align exactly with System Priority 1A. In Program 5, Outputs 1, 4, and 5
(explained below) are particularly fitting to the five specific goals in 1A. These Outputs
embody development of a public genetic platform and methodologies for better
understanding of conserved germplasm, leading to enhanced use and dissemination.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 89 of 210
Through Output 5, we advocate network mechanisms to evaluate and disseminate
germplasm and new plant breeding tools. The discovery of gene function component of
Program 5 fits well with System Priorities 2A (enhancing yield), 2B (abiotic stresses), and 2C
(nutritional quality). Under Outputs 1, 2, and 3, we will generate the genetic knowledge to
address a variety of agronomic traits. In the medium term, we emphasize yield stability,
tolerance of stresses, and nutritional quality, that are essential elements for rice production
in the intensive and marginal rice production systems (Programs 1 and 2). In the longer
term, Program 5 seeks to position itself to apply the best mix of scientific advances in the
identification of new traits and genes (e.g., enhancing nitrogen fixing capability, C4 ness)
with potentially high-pay off for achieving sustainable rice production.
Project Outputs
The program has five outputs. Outputs 1 to 3 concern the generation of data and resources
for gene discovery, hence providing a public research platform for exploring germplasm and
extracting useful genes for traits of interest in the near and long term. Output 4 addresses
expanding conservation and enhancing efficiency in handling conserved germplasm. Output
5 deals with the dissemination of genetic/genomic resources and tools and enhancing
capacity of NARES. It is anticipated that the information products of the Program 5 outputs
will be captured and analyzed in Program 6, Information and communication: convening a
global rice research community.
Outputs Description
Changes from previous MTP Outputs
None
Output 1: Genetic diversity platform for gene function identification in domestic
and wild rice gene pool established by 2011.
Description:
This output will be achieved by applying genome-wide characterization of selected
germplasm to associate molecular variation and phenotypes. Emphasis will be on the use of
SNP and phenotypic data for association genetics. We will develop and implement forward
and reverse genetic systems, which include high-throughput gene validation, phenotypic
screens, and the identification of functional alleles in mutants and germplasm pools. We will
strive to adopt high-throughput methodologies that are cost-effective and broadly
accessible. The knowledge of genetic and phenotypic diversity will contribute to gene
function discovery through partnership with the International Rice Functional Genomics
Consortium.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 1A: Promoting conservation and characterization of staple
crops; 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of food staples; 2B:
Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses;
Countries of Planned Research: Australia; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan;
Philippines , IRRI HQ ; Taiwan, Province of China; United Kingdom; United States of
America;
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 90 of 210
Output 2: Specialized genetic stocks for trait dissection produced by 2011.
Description: A prerequisite for assigning functions to genes is an array of customized genetic
stocks that enable co-segregation analysis between genetic and phenotypic variation. IRRI
has already produced a large collection of chemical- and irradiation-induced mutants and a
variety of mapping populations from which traits of interest can be associated with small
chromosomal segments. This output will concentrate on the generation of diversity panels
that include mutants of specific genotypic backgrounds, recombinant inbred lines (RIL),
chromosomal segment substitution lines (CSSL), and near-isogenic lines (NIL). Some of the
specialized stocks are already in place or to be consolidated, whereas new ones will be
produced within five years. The production of these genetic stocks will be scalable and
responsive to needs to enable gene function validation.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of
food staples; 2B: Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses; 2C: Enhancing nutritional
quality and safety;
Countries of Planned Research: China; India; Korea, Republic of; Philippines, IRRI HQ;
Output 3: Genetic pathways for selected traits determined using genome-wide and
comparative biology approaches with priorities on stress tolerance, nutrition and
grain quality, and yield by 2015.
Description: Understanding the genetic regulation of a specific trait provides the knowledge
for precise genetic manipulation. Building upon IRRI’s previous work and its capacity, the
primary focus will be on pathways controlling biotic and abiotic tolerance, nutrition and
quality, and yield potential, to provide a pipeline of genetic information for applications in
germplasm improvement activities in other programs. Customized genetic stocks produced
in Output 2 and by the global research community will be used to dissect pathways and
validate gene function. Genome-wide experimental approaches will be used to reveal the
genetic regulation and interactions of these pathways. In relation to Programs 1, 2, and
4which have specific breeding targets this output will concentrate on gene discovery and
functional assessment of candidate genes in major QTLs. These activities can be directly
applicable to specific environments or transcend environmental and ecosystem divisions.
Detailed information on the functional roles of contributing loci will help to select the best
possible alleles for gene pyramiding in breeding programs.
Output 3 will contribute to the genetic components of the Frontier Projects on Drought
Tolerant Rice and C4 Rice and the ongoing work on biological nitrogen fixation. Cross-species
comparative analyses will be used to identify genetic loci with a significant contribution to
target traits. Comparative genomic analysis with C4 plants (maize, sorghum) will be
particularly important in the exploration of C4-like traits for frontier projects. Because of the
exploratory nature of certain activities, the output targets are formulated based on the
probability of success for individual traits over a 5- and 10-year horizon. In the near term (3
years), we expect concrete results from understanding the basis of broad-spectrum disease
resistance and tolerance of abiotic stresses such as salinity and problem soils. Based on the
progress in drought research, we expect to identify key genetic factors conditioning drought
tolerance within 5 years. For the Frontier Projects such as C 4 rice and biological nitrogen
fixation, long-term (10 years) strategic exploration will be necessary.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of
food staples; 2B: Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses; 2C: Enhancing nutritional
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 91 of 210
quality and safety; 6A: New research;
Countries of Planned Research: Australia; China; India; Korea, Republic of; Philippines , IRRI
HQ ; Taiwan, Province of China; United Kingdom; United States of America;
Output 4: Ex situ conservation of rice germplasm expanded and enhanced through
better understanding of the genetic diversity within and between collections in a
global network by 2011 to contribute to long-term conservation efforts,
harmonized with genebanks in other CGIAR institutes through the SGRP.
Description: This output will be achieved by devising a rationalized system for the
conservation of rice genetic resources in collections worldwide through a global network.
Global conservation capacity will be improved by implementing a system for managing
genetic overlaps among rice genebanks. We will work with genebanks worldwide to improve
the economic efficiency and effectiveness of conservation. The expanded capacity will enable
conservation of a wider range of genetic stocks, including breeding lines, mutants, mapping
populations, and transgenic rice. We will also work with other genebanks in the CGIAR
through the SGRP to develop and implement the highest standards of germplasm
conservation and use, data management, and adherence to international policies. Secondly,
a prerequisite to increasing the genetic diversity of conserved germplasm is an improved
understanding of the diversity of Oryza, and a revised taxonomy and phylogeny and
domestication history. Taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis will be conducted to determine
the genetic relationship of the rice germplasm and its wild relatives. We will aim for a fully
documented database of the genetic diversity of existing collections in the International Rice
Gene bank at IRRI.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 1A: Promoting conservation and characterization of staple
crops; 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of food staples; 2B:
Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses;
Countries of Planned Research: Philippines, IRRI HQ;
Output 5: Long-term broadened access to genetic/genomic resources and
associated tools, particularly for NARES.
Description: Sustained access to genetic resources and continuing upgrading of skills and
capacity are essential for NARES to benefit from the new germplasm and tools developed.
This output emphasizes broadening access by NARES partners to genomic resources and
associated tools developed at IRRI as well as at partner institutions. Through collaborative
research, we will serve to link ARIs, other CG Centers, and NARES in the dissemination of
new resources and tools. We will achieve this through a network mechanism that provides
training and shuttle research opportunities. Because the capacity for uptake is different for
different NARES, the time line for this output will vary among partners. With many INGER
countries being parties to the International Treaty of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and
Agriculture (ITPGRFA), the network will position itself to become the model multilateral
system of breeding resources access, sharing, and utilization as envisioned under the
ITPGRFA. Advanced breeding materials from IRRI programs, other CG Centers, and from
NARES shall be assembled into ecosystem- and stress-based nurseries and disseminated
multilaterally through INGER. The network will also support capacity building activities of
partners in rice breeding and genetics.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 92 of 210
food staples; 2B: Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses; 2C: Enhancing nutritional
quality and safety;
Countries of Planned Research: China; India; Philippines, IRRI HQ;
Impact Pathways
Bringing together germplasm conservation, diversity analysis, gene discovery, and
dissemination of advanced genetic/breeding resources under a single program presents a
unique opportunity to maximize the utility of conserved and customized germplasm. The
main outputs of this program will be a comprehensive, well-documented germplasm and
breeding resource base, a public research platform to enable gene identification, and genetic
knowledge for priority traits.
Through the continuum of conservation-discovery-dissemination, we form the foundation for
translating genetic diversity and genomic sciences into practical applications. Broadened
access to genetic resources and genomic tools by breeders, researchers, and plant biologists
is expected to improve the efficiency of rice breeding and gene discovery activities by NARES
and ARI partners. The identification of genes controlling specific traits and dissemination of
such knowledge and tools will enable precision breeding and accelerate the achievement of
breeding targets. An essential condition to achieving program impact is an open
environment in germplasm exchange and sharing. Another critical factor is the mobilization
of the global research community to decipher functions of agriculturally important genes in
rice through a consortium approach.
Impact Pathways by Output
Output 1: Genetic diversity platform for gene function identification in domestic and wild rice
gene pool established by 2011. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 2: Specialized genetic stocks for trait dissection produced by 2011. See generic
statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 3: Genetic pathways for selected traits determined using genome-wide and
comparative biology approaches with priorities on stress tolerance, nutrition and grain
quality, and yield by 2015. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 4: Ex situ conservation of rice germplasm expanded and enhanced through better
understanding of the genetic diversity within and between collections in a global network by
2011 to contribute to long-term conservation efforts, harmonized with genebanks in other
CGIAR institutes through the SGRP. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 5: Long-term broadened access to genetic/genomic resources and associated tools,
particularly for NARES. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
International Public Goods
This program is designed to address the needs for gene function identification in current
germplasm improvement and to provide a platform and knowledge base by which genetic
diversity can be effectively conserved, accessed, and used for the long term. Building upon
the investments and achievements made in the upgrading of the International Rice
Genebank, germplasm characterization, functional genomics, and bioinformatics, IRRI is
poised to play an important role at the interface of gene function discovery, applications of
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 93 of 210
genetic knowledge, and conservation and sharing of genetic resources.
Understanding all rice gene functions is clearly an enormous task beyond the capacity of
individual institutions, but it is of long-term importance, and a task in which IRRI will
strategically engage based on its comparative advantages. We will contribute to the
determination of the basic functions of all rice genes and the diversity of rice through a
worldwide consortium of public- and private-sector organizations. The immediate demands
are exemplified by the need to apply genomic analysis, in this and other IRRI programs,
toward (i) developing stress tolerance, (ii) enhancing the nutritional value of germplasm,
and (iii) enhancing the market value of rice through predictable quality. Future needs are
addressed by preparing a robust genetic platform of gene/allele identification resting upon a
comprehensive collection of rice germplasm and specialized genetic stocks.
Elaboration of Partners Roles
In building a public genetic research platform for rice, this program needs extensive
partnerships with ARIs to tap into the upstream science while at the same time enhancing
the capacity of NARES through adapting and disseminating new tools. IRRI forms a close
alliance with universities and research institutions with excellence in genomic research and
applies the tools and findings to address agronomic problems that are relevant to NARES.
Key partnerships are embodied in the International Rice Functional Genomics Consortium
that involves a federally coordinated network of collaborators from institutions and
laboratories worldwide. IRRI’s role is to continue to sustain this collaborative network by
mobilizing complementary genetic resources and expertise to examine relevant problems.
This approach is exemplified by collaboration supported by the USAID Linkage Program and
competitive grant programs in the U.S., where in-depth studies in stress physiology (e.g.,
submergence) are conducted and new tools (e.g., genome-wide genotyping) are developed
using IRRI’s advanced genetic stocks. Genome-wide genotyping may be used to characterize
NARES breeding materials in INGER, leading to a global rice variety molecular database.
Aside from characterizing diversity, this could lead to higher levels of exchanges and more
efficient utilization of advanced rice genetic resources. We will also seek new methodologies
to help IRRI to accelerate the development of efficient systems for gene function verification
(e.g., improved RNAi technologies from various research laboratories in Japan and the U.S.,
and the newly developed artificial micro-RNA gene-silencing technique at the Max Planck
Institute in Germany).
In the production of specialized genetic stocks and their phenotypic evaluation, collaboration
includes many NARES partners with a wealth of knowledge on useful traits and germplasm
and providing appropriate agronomic environments for phenotyping. For example, the China
National Hybrid Rice Research and Development Center will provide parents of super high-
yielding hybrids to produce the mapping populations for the investigation of heterosis and
genotype environment interactions. In turn, the genetic materials produced at IRRI can be
distributed to a wide range of users for phenotyping and gene identification.
Partnership with the Generation Challenge Program is particularly important to Program 5
given the shared objective of building an efficient gene discovery platform. Rice as a genetic
model has much to offer to the GCP whereas the comparative biology agenda and triangular
partnerships among ARIs, NARES, and CGIAR centers advanced by the GCP have enabled
IRRI to expand its partnership with institutions working on plant systems other than rice. In
launching the Frontier Projects on C4 rice and drought, we expect more intensified
collaboration involving world authorities on plant biochemistry and physiology across plant
models. These types of collaboration will be central to the delivery of a public research
platform (Outputs 1 and 2) and generating new knowledge on genetic pathways and
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 94 of 210
functions (Output 3).
For germplasm conservation (Output 4), a global network of genebanks and curators will be
created under the auspices of the Global Crop Diversity Trust and will be the means to
ensure coordinated conservation of rice genetic resources across the world without undue
duplication. Projects funded by the World Bank, such as the Genebank Upgrading Project
and the recently initiated system-wide Global Public Goods II project, lay the groundwork for
better coordination of efforts across not only CG partners but also the NARES and ARIs that
hold rice genetic resources. Within the System-wide Genetic Resources Program (SGRP),
particular emphasis is given to collaboration with the Africa Rice Center (WARDA) and CIAT,
to establish new approaches to jointly improve the efficiency of maintaining and delivering
appropriate germplasm in Africa, Latin America, and Asia.
For the dissemination of genomic resources and tools, our primary partners are NARES that
are instrumental in testing and applying research products for germplasm enhancement. The
Asian Rice Biotechnology Network involves both ARIs and NARES in training and assisting
NARES partners in adopting new tools in their research and breeding programs. Our NARES
partners also contribute to the collection and characterization of local germplasm for the
development of useful genetic stocks. INGER, a long standing partnership amongst IARCs
and NARES, will help deliver germplasm as well as generate multilocation data on
performance of advanced breeding materials under various environments/stresses. It will
also serve to identify and train the next generation of rice breeders from the public, private,
and NGO sectors.
Logical Framework
Output Output targets Output Intended Outcomes Impacts
target users
types/
Verification
(optional)
Output 1: IRRI NARES The genetic Efficient use
Genetic diversity ARI scientists diversity of functional
platform for gene Germplasm platform will be diversity in
function curators used: " as a germplasm
identification in new paradigm will
domestic and wild in the use of accelerate
rice gene pool germplasm in the
established by NARES production of
2011. breeding adaptive rice
programs; " to germplasm.
facilitate better
understanding
of rice allelic
diversity for
improved
utilization of
rice
germplasm; "
to expand
opportunities to
identify useful
genetic
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 95 of 210
diversity in
germplasm
collections
through the use
of enabling
genetic
techniques and
SNP data; and "
to broaden
access to
favorable
alleles
associated with
traits available
for breeding.
Output Target Materials
2008: Genome-
wide genotyping
(using SNP tags
or alternative
sequencing
tools) and
phenotypes for
target traits for
1000 multiple
varieties, key
donors, and wild
relatives
samples.
Output Target Practices
2008: High-
throughput rice
genome
engineering
capacity to
produce 10,000
transgenic
plants.
Output Target Practices
2008: A
validated
artificial micro-
RNA as a gene-
silencing tool in
rice using three
candidate genes.
Output Target Materials
2009: 100
germplasm lines
with contrasting
phenotypes and
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 96 of 210
detailed
phenotyping on
drought and
disease
responses.
Output Target Materials
2009: Confirmed
allelic series
(average 5 per
locus) in 50
candidate genes
that confer
improved
tolerance to
abiotic or biotic
stresses
(drought,
salinity, cold,
and diseases)
Output Target Other kinds
2010: 100 of knowledge
chromosomal
regions with
candidate genes
and phenotype
association in
OryzaSNP
germplasm.
Output Target
2010:
Association of
SNPs with grain
quality traits
(e.g. chalkiness).
Output Target Practices
2010: A
phenotyping
platform for
precise root
growth
kinematics and
gene expression
under drought
stress.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: Dataset of knowledge
on the
physiological
response of 1000
accessions to
reproductive
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 97 of 210
stage drought
stress across
multi-
environments
available for
allele mining.
Output Target Materials
2011:
Germplasm
collection
phenotyped for
drought
avoidance root
traits for allele
mining.
Output Target Materials
2011:
Association
genetics platform
based on SNP
haplotypes and
phenotype data
of 1000lines
established
Output 2: Researchers Research Discovery of
Specialized Breeders community genes and
genetic stocks for uses the well- gene
trait dissection characterized combinations
produced by 2011. genetic stocks enables
for gene development
function of adaptive
identification germplasm.
ARI and NARES
collaboration is
promoted
because of the
availability of
stocks.
Output Target Materials
2008:
Chromosome
segmental
substitution lines
(CSSL) from one
accession each of
O. glaberrima, O.
longistaminata
and O. rufipogon
in the
background of O.
sativa and
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 98 of 210
shared with
NARES and ARIs.
Output Target
2008: Set of
introgression
lines segregating
for chalk and
with specific
QTLs for
dissection of
chalk.
Output Target Materials
2009: At least
10 RIL or BIL
populations
initiated using
crosses between
donor and mega-
variety
recipients,
providing
segregating
materials to
validate
association
genetic studies.
Output Target Materials
2010: NILs with
narrow
chromosomal
segments (at 0.5
Mb resolution)
conferring
tolerance to
drought and
salinity in mega-
variety
backgrounds.
Output Target Materials
2010: Evaluated
progeny of O.
sativa x O.
glaberrima for
drought
tolerance traits
Output Target Materials
2010: Set of
biotic stress
tolerance NILs
against blast,
tungro, bacterial
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 99 of 210
blight, and
brown
planthopper
Output Target Materials
2011: Two sets
(one indica, one
japonica) of
MAGIC
(Multiparent
Advanced
Generation
Intercross)
populations
developed with
at least 2000
selfed lines
derived from 8
diverse founder
lines from each
varietal group.
Output Target Materials
2011: Mutations
associated with
loss- or gain-of-
salinity tolerance
in two genotypes
(IR64 and
FL478) identified
and
characterized.
Output Target Materials
2011: NILs
developed for
the Zn deficiency
tolerance and Fe
toxicity
tolerance.
Output 3: Researchers Users of this Acceleration
Genetic pathways and breeders knowledge will of gene
for selected traits at IRRI, ARIs contribute to discovery on
determined using and NARES the a genome-
genome-wide and International wide scale
comparative Rice Functional will improve
biology Genomics sustainability
approaches with Consortium in intensive-
priorities on stress objective of production
tolerance, understanding areas and
nutrition and grain genes increase
quality, and yield controlling productivity
by 2015. target traits, in marginal
enabling areas.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 100 of 210
development of
markers for
breeding and
leading to
production of
pre-breeding
lines.
Output Target Other kinds
2008: Validated of knowledge
functions and
roles of Pup1
candidate genes
in tolerance
mechanism
against P-
deficiency.
Output Target Other kinds
2008: Validated of knowledge
roles of Sub1
upstream
regulators and
downstream
genes in
tolerance to
submergence
and other
stresses.
Output Target Other kinds
2008: Validated of knowledge
function of 5
defense genes
(oxalate oxidase,
thaumatin, PBZ,
dihydrofolate
reductase,
DHAP) conferring
broad-spectrum
disease
resistance
through RNAi or
virus-induced
gene silencing.
Output Target Other kinds
2008: of knowledge
Established
relationship
between SNP
and temperature
tolerance of
amylose content
in high amylose
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 101 of 210
rice.
Output Target Other kinds
2008: of knowledge
Knowledge of the
causal effects
between
intermediate
amylose class
and SNP
variation.
Output Target Capacity
2008: A
phenotyping
system and
technologies for
identifying C4
attributes and
C3-C4
intermediate
traits in rice
plants.
Output Target Other kinds
2008: Quantified of knowledge
contribution of
endophytes to
BNF in a set of
wild species and
traditional
germplasm.
Output Target Practices
2008: Over-
expressed
Oscdc25 as a
means of
blocking meiosis
in secondary
megaspore
mother cells of
msp1 mutant.
Output Target Other kinds
2009: Candidate of knowledge
genes and
mechanisms
conferring
salinity tolerance
through the use
of a set of NILs
and loss- and
gain-of-function
mutants
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 102 of 210
Output Target Materials
2009: A
recessive gene
conferring
resistance to
tungro virus
(RTSV) isolated
from the
resistance donor
variety Utri
Merah.
Output Target Other kinds
2009: of knowledge
Aposporous
initials in rice
ovule (important
for apomixis)
produced by
silencing MSP1
gene.
Output Target Other kinds
2009: Known of knowledge
genetic control of
metabolites for
fragrance and
one vitamin in
rice grains.
Output Target Other kinds
2009: Quantified of knowledge
C4-like
components,
including
anatomical and
biochemical
features
important for C4
metabolism, in
wild rice species.
Output Target Materials
2010: Candidate
genes at two
additional QTL
regions
associated with
salinity tolerance
based on
evidence of
mapping and
gene expression.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: Identified of knowledge
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 103 of 210
major
QTLconferring
tolerance to Zn
deficiency.
Output Target Materials
2010: One
additional
submergence
tolerance gene
that is non-allelic
to Sub1-A.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: Validated of knowledge
functions and
roles of Saltol
candidate genes
in tolerance
mechanism
against salinity.
Output Target Materials
2010: Candidate
genes (~10) for
drought
tolerance from
gene expression
and mapping
studies.
Output Target Materials
2010: Fine
mapping of
conferring
tolerance to
flooding during
germination.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: of knowledge
Characterized
physiological
effects of alleles
conferring
improved
drought
tolerance.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: Pathways of knowledge
and candidate
genes associated
with tolerance to
salinity during
reproductive
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 104 of 210
stage identified.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: Effects of of knowledge
three drought
candidate genes
via
transformation
and genetic
analysis.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: Validated of knowledge
functions of
candidate genes
underlying the
major QTL
conferring
tolerance to
flooding during
germination.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: Loci of knowledge
associated with
tolerance to rice
tungro
bacilliform virus
in cultivar Utri
Merah
determined.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: Candidate of knowledge
genes associated
with cold
tolerance during
vegetative and
reproductive
stages identified
Output 4: Ex situ Researchers Increased Permanent
conservation of Breeders awareness of genetic
rice germplasm Genebank NARES partners resources
expanded and curators and policy are available
enhanced through makers for meeting
better concerning the current and
understanding of importance of future needs
the genetic germplasm in rice
diversity within resources and improvemen
and between the need for t, and
collections in a their increased
global network by preservation; ability to
2011 to contribute Increased use develop rice
to long-term of germplasm germplasm
conservation collections due adaptive to
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 105 of 210
efforts, to expanded unforeseen
harmonized with conservation challenges.
genebanks in and improved
other CGIAR management.
institutes through
the SGRP.
Output Target Other kinds
2008: Identified of knowledge
gaps in coverage
of traditional and
wild species
accessions
across collections
within the global
network.
Output Target Materials
2008: Additional
genetic
resources and
5000 specialized
genetic stocks
available in the
International R
ice Genebank.
Output Target Other kinds
2009: Phylogeny of knowledge
of the AA
genome species
and their
domestication
history.
Output Target Practices
2009: Enhanced
procedures to
ensure long-term
conservation and
maintenance of
the genetic
integrity of
accessions.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: Reduced of knowledge
gaps in wild
species
accessions
across global
germplasm
collections
through
collecting
missions with
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 106 of 210
partners.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: of knowledge
Knowledge of the
level of historical
and genetic
duplication
accessions
across centers
through the
analysis of
passport,
genetic,
molecular,
morphological,
agronomic, and
geographic/spati
al data.
Output Target Practices
2011: Algorithm
established to
integrate GIS
and genotypic
data for selecting
germplasm for
targeted
phenotyping
Output Target Practices
2011:
Coordinated
conservation of
rice genetic
resources
through global
network.
Output 5: Long- NARES NARES Human
term broadened partners in researchers and resources
access to Asia and extension developed
genetic/genomic Africa Small agents with
resources and and Medium equipped with proficiency in
associated tools, Enterprises better options applying
particularly for (SMEs) for the genomic
NARES. development knowledge
and delivery of and tools.
new varieties.
Gene/marker
selection
technology
implemented
by NARES;
integrated into
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 107 of 210
NARES
breeding
programs.
Output Target Practices
2008: A
simplified
microarray-
based technique
for marker and
SNP analysis.
Output Target Materials
2008: Allele-
indexed elite
breeding lines
with multiple
stress tolerance
(salinity with
other soil
stresses, e.g., Fe
toxicity, Zn
deficiency,
sodicity).
Output Target Materials
2008: 1000
advanced
breeding lines
from IRRI, ARIs,
CG Centers, and
NARES
exchanged and
disseminated in
30 major rice
growing
countries
Output Target Capacity
2008: 25
researchers/bree
ders trained at
an annual
international
training course
on rice breeding.
Output Target Other kinds
2008: DNA- of knowledge
fingerprints of
100 released
varieties for
NARES
Output Target Materials
2009: 1200
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 108 of 210
advanced
breeding lines
from IRRI, ARIs,
CG Centers, and
NARES
exchanged and
disseminated in
30 rice growing
countries.
Output Target Capacity
2009: 25
researchers/bree
ders trained in
an annual
international
training course
on rice breeding/
genetics.
Output Target Materials
2009: DNA-
fingerprints of
200 released
varieties for
NARES.
Output Target Capacity
2010:
Colorimetric and
fluorescence-
based allele
detection
techniques
developed and
transferred to
NARES and
SMEs.
Output Target Materials
2010: 1300
advanced
breeding lines
from IRRI, ARIs,
CG Centers, and
NARES
exchanged and
disseminated in
35 major rice
growing
countries.
Output Target Capacity
2010: 25
researchers/bree
ders trained in
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 109 of 210
an annual
international
training course
on rice breeding.
Output Target Capacity
2010: 14 types
of international
nurseries
composed and
evaluated for
yield, biotic and
abiotic stresses,
and grain quality
in 30 countries.
Output Target Materials
2010: 30 elite,
multiple-stress
tolerant lines
shared with
Asian and African
NARES.
Output Target Capacity
2011: 1400
advanced
breeding lines
from IRRI, ARIs,
CG Centers, and
NARES
exchanged and
evaluated for
yield, biotic and
abiotic stresses,
and grain quality
in 40 major rice
growing
countries
through 14 types
of international
nurseries.
Output Target Materials
2011: 50 elite,
varieties with
pyramided stress
tolerant genes
shared with and
evaluated in
Asian and African
NARES.
Output Target Other kinds
2011: of knowledge
Association
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 110 of 210
analysis of DNA
fingerprints of
INGER entries
and derived
phenotypic data
Output Target Capacity
2011: 25
researchers/bree
ders trained in
an annual
international
training course
on rice breeding.
Output Target Materials
2011: 10
advanced
breeding lines
with Saltol and
Sub1 QTL
together to
confer tolerance
to submergence
with saline water
in the coastal
areas.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 111 of 210
6: Information and communications: convening a global rice research
community
Project Overview and Rationale
Rationale
The rapid development and global spread of modern information and communication
technology allow and oblige IRRI and the CGIAR to change the way we conduct research and
development with our clients and stakeholders. Information and tools vital to research and
development must be shared equitably as global public goods. Communities with common
interests in research or development should be able to converse, share knowledge, and
collaborate.
This program builds on many global investments in information and technology within and
outside the CGIAR to enable IRRI research programs to provide equitable access to
information and knowledge on rice and to help develop the next generation of rice scientists.
This first phase of bringing information and communication disciplines into the mainstream
agenda of agricultural research for development is expected to continue beyond 2010 as
knowledge intensive methodologies and community interactions have more impact and role
in research for development.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities
Through its focus on the capture, analysis, integration, and publication of scientific
information for crop genetic resources and genomics and breeding for higher-yielding,
stress-tolerant, and more nutritious rice Program 6, Output 1 contributes to priorities 1A
(specific goal 5), 2A specific goal 1), 2B, 2C (specific goal 1), and 2D (specific goal 1).In
addition, rice science information in Output 1 relating to agronomics contributes to Priority
4A and 4C. Program 6, Output 2 - Cereals Knowledge Bank - significantly contributes to
priorities 4A (specific goal 2), 4D (specific goals 5 and 7), 5A (specific goals 3 and 5), and
5D (specific goal 1) through its contribution to knowledge management of up to date
information for extension and farmers. The focus on developing a World Rice Community
Network Presence, Program 6, Output 3 will not only enhance equitable global access to rice
scientific and extension knowledge and development of community partnerships and a
problem-solving framework for the same system priorities but also contribute significantly to
5A (specific goals 1, 3, and 5), and 5C (specific goal 2), by facilitating global discussions on
science and technology policies, improving rural access to market information, and providing
an enhanced framework to communicate strategies for improving farmers livelihoods.
Output 4, with its emphasis on building capacity in informatics and communication for rice
science contributes as a support function across the spectrum of priorities. In particular,
software engineering for the International Crop Information System (ICIS;
www.icis.cgiar.org) contributes to 1A (specific goal 5), 2A specific goal 1), 2B, 2C (specific
goal 1), and 2D (specific goal 1). Output 4 emphasis on developing and deploying
knowledge based methodologies for research and development to 5A (specific goals 1 and
5).
Project Outputs
Each output requires components of strategic research, methodology development,
production of technology, and training or capacity development. All four outputs will also
contribute toward the evolution of a state-of-the-art institutional repository of IRRI
knowledge products that will serve the IRRI mission of long-term stewardship of rice
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 112 of 210
information for the global community.
Outputs Description
Changes from previous MTP Outputs
Output 3 has been revised from an emphasis on a singular CGxchange style “Portal", to an
emphasis on "Network" integration of online resources. Wording is adjusted throughout, to
reflect this change in perspective.
Output 1: The rice component of the Crop Science Information Resource (an
initiative of the IRRI-CIMMYT Alliance) which is a global community-curated
repository and network of public crop science information resources, established
by 2010.
Description: The Crop Science Information Resource will be a product of CRIL and will
exploit emerging public bioinformatics standards for semantic encoding and Internet
technology to consolidate IRRI and external online information resources into a
comprehensive online encyclopedia for crop scientific research, starting with rice. This
output also reflects an increasing focus on the curation and publication of comparative
information linkages across crops within the scope of CRIL.
Current research on conservation and use of rice genetic resources, global (INGER)
germplasm evaluation, crop improvement, and sustainable natural resource management is
hampered by a lack of integrated scientific data on genetics, phenotype, adaptation, and
responsiveness of rice germplasm in specified (geo-referenced) environments. This output
will continue the integration of and enhancement of access to IRRI’s information on rice
germplasm, expand coverage of information on rice genetic resources to collection, (INGER)
evaluation and crop improvement programs of NARES partners, integrate crop-based
information with genomics data being collected by the International Rice Functional
Genomics Consortium (IRFGC) and with geospatial information being published through the
Consortium for Spatial Information, and link this information with pertinent biological data in
complementary international public repositories.
Given the increased prevalence of digital libraries and open-access publication, a key
component of the Crop Science Information Resource will be the evolution of the IRRI
Library into a comprehensive online digital repository of rice literature and IRRI-archived
project outputs, including novel multimedia documents, richly cross-linked to other scientific
data within the resource. This latter activity will include the development of additional
procedures and protocols for quality assurance and management of primary research data at
IRRI, ensuring the availability of such data for future secondary use.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 1A: Promoting conservation and characterization of staple
crops; 1B: Promoting conservation and characterization of underutilized plant genetic
resources; 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of food staples; 2B:
Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses; 2C: Enhancing nutritional quality and
safety; 2D: Genetically enhancing selected high-value species; 4A: Promoting integrated
land, water and forest management at landscape level; 4C: Improving water productivity;
Countries of Planned Research: Canada; China; France; France, Bioversity France ; India,
ICRISAT HQ ; Japan; Mexico, CIMMYT HQ ; Philippines; Philippines , IRRI HQ ; Taiwan,
Province of China; Thailand; United Kingdom; United States of America;
Output 2: The Cereals Knowledge Bank, an online resource of knowledge on cereal
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 113 of 210
production for rice, maize, and wheat, containing rice information from IRRI’s Rice
Knowledge Bank (RKB), by 2010.
Description: The Cereals Knowledge Bank (CKB) will be a product of the Cereals Knowledge
Bank and Capacity Building IRRI-CIMMYT Alliance project. It will effectively disseminate
knowledge of new cultivars and technologies for sustainable natural resource management
and provide opportunities for diversification. The CKB will disseminate technical knowledge
to a vast and distributed population of extension workers and farmers. The new
communication technologies to be used in the CKB will alleviate a constraint that has
previously slowed and limited the impact of research for development.
This output represents an expansion of the successful model of translating research results
into accessible technology provided by IRRI’s Rice Knowledge Bank. CIMMYT will expand this
coverage of knowledge, applications, and training resources to maize and wheat and will
feed back new ideas and technologies to the rice knowledge component. A network of
NARES partners, convened around the technology and the core content, will expand and
diversify the resource by adding local knowledge and translating relevant information into
local languages. IRRI’s Rice Knowledge Bank is already doing this and will benefit only from
economies of scale by considering multiple crops.
Content and delivery of CKB information will be revised in light of external evaluation and
enhanced through the inclusion of new content forms, including simulations such as the
operation of a rice mill showing input/output relationships and expert systems capturing
scientific advice given to farmers on crop system management and postharvest processes.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 4A: Promoting integrated land, water and forest management
at landscape level; 4D: Promoting sustainable agro-ecological intensification in low- and
high-potential areas; 5A: Improving science and technology policies and institutions; 5D:
Improving research and development options to reduce rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Bangladesh; Benin; Benin, WARDA HQ ; Cambodia; China;
India; Indonesia; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Mexico, CIMMYT HQ ; Mozambique;
Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Philippines; Philippines , IRRI HQ ; Sri Lanka; Tanzania;
Thailand; Viet Nam;
Output 3: The World Rice Community Network Presence using Internet technology
for access to information and for interaction on rice by supporting self-organizing
communities and multilateral communication, operational by 2010.
Description: We will take advantage of new technology to establish an environment where
individuals within the rice world can access rice research information and form communities
around issues of common interest.
This activity will greatly increase the effectiveness and efficiency of collaboration, both within
the rice community and across other crops, by moving beyond the current broadcast
approach of conventional Web site design to a rich environment for multilateral interactions
among members of the world rice community. The network presence will be tailored towards
specific information needs and preferences of different audiences by using existing, social
networking and dissemination platforms, where feasible in collaboration with partners from
the IT industry. We will implement a Community Relationships Management facility to assist
individual visitors in getting in touch with one another and to help IRRI track the
dissemination of its knowledge products to the world community.
We intend to create innovative web applications such as a Google Earth style of access to
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 114 of 210
geo-referenced crop information and a virtual rice plant for browsing the biology of rice.
Links to search engine providers will be enhanced to facilitate queries for crop research and
extension information. Such queries will require innovative indexing of rice content and
community collaboration on standards, such as a global multilingual rice thesaurus of crop
ontology, in partnership with FAO and others.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 5A: Improving science and technology policies and
institutions; 5C: Improving rural institutions and their governance;
Countries of Planned Research: Japan; Philippines; Philippines, IRRI HQ; United States of
America;
Output 4: Phase I of the Informatics and Communication Service for Crop Science,
which is a public research, development, and dissemination service for informatics
and communication technology targeting agricultural scientific research completed
by 2010.
Description: The Informatics and Communication Service for Crop Science will deploy
informatics and communication applications to research programs and partnerships spanning
IRRI and CIMMYT and ensure their effective use through training and consultancy. The
service will host research and development for databases and software useful for scientific
data management systems (including genebank, plant-breeding, agronomic, socioeconomic,
and GIS data) and decision-support tools for crop research and plant breeding.
Communication and collaboration tools such as AccessGrid Technology and collaboration
platforms for software and document development will also be deployed for use by IRRI and
its partners, as will innovative informatics and communication technologies, such as the
capture of conference presentations as digital (multimedia, Internet-integrated)
proceedings.
The service will also provide a venue for general research, development, and training in
agricultural informatics and biometrics, including technical issues relating to other outputs of
this program. Research will also be conducted concerning the application of conventional
(e.g., radio and television) and emerging (e.g., wireless mobile networks) informatics and
communication technology for the dissemination of agricultural knowledge to farmers.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 1A: Promoting conservation and characterization of staple
crops; 1B: Promoting conservation and characterization of underutilized plant genetic
resources; 2A: Maintaining and enhancing yields and yield potential of food staples; 2B:
Improving tolerance to selected abiotic stresses; 2C: Enhancing nutritional quality and
safety; 5A: Improving science and technology policies and institutions;
Countries of Planned Research: Australia; France; France, Bioversity France ; India; India,
ICRISAT HQ ; Italy, Bioversity HQ ; Japan; Mexico, CIMMYT HQ ; Netherlands; Nigeria, IITA
HQ ; Peru, CIP HQ ; Philippines , IRRI HQ ; Syrian Arab Republic, ICARDA HQ ; Thailand;
United States of America;
Impact Pathways
This program formally attempts to consolidate all IRRI research and development on
information and communication technology for rice science and extension under a single
coordinated activity. It focuses on the integration of crop science and extension knowledge
using modern informatics tools (Outputs 1 and 2) to harness the full power of Internet
networking technology (Output 3). It also emphasizes capacity building by placing
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 115 of 210
informatics and communication tools directly in the hands of crop scientists, extension
agents, and farmers (Output 4) to deliver impact through two major pathways.
The first pathway will use Internet dissemination via a World Rice Community Network
Presence (Output 3) of restructured and cross-linked information for crop science (Output 1)
and extension (Output 2), as well as pertinent informatics tools for science and extension
(Output 4). The second pathway will catalyze direct engagement of pertinent science and
extension communities using the power of current communications technologies, both new
(Web presence, videoconferencing, cell phone) and traditional (radio and television).
These two channels will provide complementary modes of informatics and communication
support to enhance the capacity of the other IRRI programs to deliver sustainable
productivity increases that will improve livelihoods and increase the food security of the poor
in target regions, while maintaining the resource base. By promoting equitable access to
research and extension information and technology by all IRRI stakeholders, this program
will also generally enhance the problem-solving capacity of the global community of NARES
and ARI crop scientists, extension agents, policymakers, and farmers.
Possible constraints to the impact of Program 6 are the intense nature of information and
communication technology. IRRI has limited staffing and investment resources to apply
toward information integration. Information is often voluminous and poorly characterized
with associated documentation (meta-data) either due to lack of standards or poor
application of such standards due to resource constraints or inadequate tools.
Concurrently, ICT technology evolves very rapidly. In many key areas essential to IRRI’s
research, scientific data and information expands exponentially, and the number and
resourcing of research teams curating such data and information is large, with many
competitive pressures. Prioritization is difficult.
The challenge for achieving impact in Program 6 is to achieve a suitable balance between
the exercising of competitive advantages of IRRI and its staff, against the realities of the
technology and key partnerships required to be successful in delivery of the programs
outputs.
Impact Pathways by Output
Output 1: The rice component of the Crop Science Information Resource (an initiative of the
IRRI-CIMMYT Alliance) which is a global community-curated repository and network of public
crop science information resources, established by 2010. See generic statement on Impact
Pathways.
Output 2: The Cereals Knowledge Bank, an online resource of knowledge on cereal
production for rice, maize, and wheat, containing rice information from IRRI’s Rice
Knowledge Bank (RKB), by 2010. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 3: The World Rice Community Network Presence using Internet technology for access
to information and for interaction on rice by supporting self-organizing communities and
multilateral communication, operational by 2010. See generic statement on Impact
Pathways.
Output 4: Phase I of the Informatics and Communication Service for Crop Science which is a
public research, development, and dissemination service for informatics and communication
technology targeting agricultural scientific research completed by 2010. See generic
statement on Impact Pathways.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 116 of 210
International Public Goods
The outputs of this program will be four globally accessible public goods:
1. A Crop Science Information Resource.
2. A Cereals Knowledge Bank (CKB).
3. A World Rice Community Network Presence.
4. An Informatics and Communication Service for Crop Science and Extension.
Output 1 continues and extends the work reported in the MTP2006-2008 under Program 1,
Project 1, Output 3 International Rice Information System (IRIS) while also consolidating
various science information management activities in the Institute which were previously
dispersed across several projects.
Output 2 continues and extends the work of the former Program 4, Project 11, Output 1 Rice
Knowledge Bank.
Output 3 was previously only represented as a support service function in the
Communications and Publications Services (CPS) organizational unit of IRRI. Elevation of
web publication to a formal MTP program output reflects the dynamic and rapidly evolving
potential of the internet.
Output 4 is similarly represented in support services of the biometrics and bioinformatics
unit of IRRI, recently renamed the Crop Research Informatics Laboratory (CRIL) under the
IRRI-CIMMYT Alliance. Elevation of this service function to an MTP output also highlights the
growing role of ICT research and development in the future impact and delivery pathways of
the Institute. Output 4 also oversees software engineering activities for crop information
management (the International Crop Information System, ICIS; www.icis.cgiar.org);
software engineering activities of the Generation Challenge Programme and molecular
breeding tool development.
Elaboration of Partners Roles
To achieve its vision of serving as a hub for crop science and extension information, global
community development, and capacity building, Program 6 will rely heavily on extensive
global partnerships with other CG centers, NARES, ARIs, and private industry. CIMMYT is a
key IRRI partner through the IRRI-CIMMYT Alliance projects for the Crop Research
Informatics Laboratory (CRIL) and Cereals Knowledge Bank and Capacity Building. Although
this partnership will focus on comparisons and integration of information for rice, maize, and
wheat, it is expected to form the foundation for wider crop collaboration with other IARC and
ARI partners.
Program 6 participation in the Generation Challenge Program (GCP) is particularly significant
given the shared objective of efforts to identify, develop, and adopt suitable data standards
and to develop an information system and network for crop genetic resources
characterization, comparative genomics, and crop improvement. Thus, GCP technology and
partnerships will contribute significantly to Outputs 1 and 4.
Serving IRRI’s Program 5 on Rice genetic diversity and discovery: meeting the needs of
future generations for rice genetic resources, Program 6 will collaborate with global partners
within the IRFGC, the International Network for the Genetic Evaluation of Rice (INGER), and
the Global Crop Diversity Trust to develop a framework to capture, store, index, analyze,
and publish genetic and phenotypic research data. In particular, internal capacity in
bioinformatics will continue to be complemented within currently funded projects, by
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 117 of 210
expertise of ARIs from Japan (NIAS, Oryzabase at NIG), the United States (NCGR, Gramene
at Cornell, and CSHL), and Europe (CIRAD), among others.
Outputs 2 and 4 will build strong partnerships with Asian NARES, in particular with respect
to the development of multilingual, in-country installations of the CKB. In this respect,
NARES, such as the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) that already have
demonstrated technical leadership in the application of ICT for agricultural extension will be
directly engaged as research for development collaborators.
Logical Framework
Output Output Output Intended Outcomes Impacts
targets target users
types/
Verification
(optional)
Output 1: The Rice Within the rice Accelerated
rice component of scientists science development
the Crop Science and policy community, a of more
Information makers at majority of focused rice
Resource (an IARCs, researchers use research leads
initiative of the NARES and the crop to sustainable
IRRI-CIMMYT ARIs, and in science productivity
Alliance) which is a the private information increases that
global community- sector resource as a improved
curated repository primary source livelihoods
and network of for publicly and increased
public crop science available, food security
information current and of the poor in
resources, easily target
established by accessible crop regions, while
2010. research maintaining
information, the resource
which enables base
them to
accelerate and
focus crop
research for
development.
Output Target Materials
2008:
Community-
curated online
encyclopedia of
rice genome
science.
Output Target Practices
2009: IRRIweb
portal for rice
germplasm
research
spanning rice
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 118 of 210
germplasm
genetic
resources,
genomics and
crop
improvement
communities.
Output Target Materials
2010: A global
crop registry for
rice genetic
resources
conservation
and evaluation.
Output Target Materials
2011: IRRI
germplasm
research web
portal cross-
linked to
comparative
biology
information.
Output 2: The National The Cereals Expanded
Cereals Knowledge extension Knowledge dissemination
Bank, an online services; Bank is the and
resource of National preferred accelerated
knowledge on scientists; source up-to- adoption of
cereal production NGOs; date new
for rice, maize, and Agricultural information on productive
wheat, containing colleges; new and
rice information Development technologies sustainable
from IRRI’s Rice agencies; and best farming
Knowledge Bank Farmers practices used practices
(RKB), by 2010. by extension results in
workers and increased
other farmer total returns
intermediaries, to rice
farmers for research and
more rapid its impact on
dissemination poverty.
and uptake of
appropriate
crop
technologies.
Output Target Practices
2008: In
Bangladesh,
Laos, Indonesia,
and Thailand ,
the RKB country
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 119 of 210
site is locally
owned and
controlled by a
national
committee.
Output Target Practices
2008: A
community of
practice of
knowledge bank
users
generating and
sharing
information on
rice and other
cereals in the
Asian region.
Output Target Practices
2009: A locally
designed
RKB/CKB
country site is
controlled by a
national
committee in
the Philippines,
Cambodia,
Vietnam, and
Nepal.
Output Target Materials
2009: The
Cereals
Knowledge Bank
accessible in
multiple media
formats in
multiple local
national
languages,
through a
variety of
portals and
other access
points
internationally.
Output Target Materials
2009:
Simulation and
expert system
modules with
developed
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 120 of 210
exemplars
within the
Cereals
Knowledge
Bank.
Output Target Materials
2009: The use
of video and
Entertainment
education
television series
exemplar
products for
educating
farmers about
crop
management
best practices in
one additional
South or
Southeast Asian
country.
Output Target Materials
2009: Multiple
metaphors for
access to
knowledge
operating within
IRRI RKB (seed
to market,
growth stages
and rice doctor)
Output Target Practices
2009: Cereal
systems section
of CKB reflects
best practices
for rice wheat
and rice maize
systems
Output Target Materials
2010: French
RKB established
for West Africa
through WARDA
and CIRAD.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: A of knowledge
completed
extensive
evaluation of
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 121 of 210
the use of the
RKB and its
impact.
Output Target Practices
2010:
Documentation
of the pathways
mechanism for
RKB through
Asian network
countries and
promotion of
best practices.
Output Target Practices
2010:
Management
and best
practices model
for RKB/CKB
within two
African partner
countries in
close
partnership with
WARDA and
CIMMYT.
Output Target Materials
2010:
Portuguese
RKB/CKB for
Mozambique
Output Target Materials
2010: E-
learning courses
for rice post-
harvest, rice
production, rice
seed production
and rice water
management
and extension
curriculum
available within
IRRI RKB/CKB
Output Target Capacity
2011: A fully
functioning
consortium of
partner
countries (Asia
and Africa) for
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 122 of 210
RKB/CKB
Output Target Materials
2011: Each
section of the
IRRI RKB has e-
learning courses
available
Output 3: The Actively used This
World Rice Researchers; to access rice innovative
Community Policy research approach to
Network Presence makers; information by knowledge
using Internet Development communities sharing and
technology for specialists; globally that problem
access to Extension interact, solving
information and for workers; debate, and accelerates
interaction on rice Rice collaborate on the
by supporting self- farmers; rice research development
organizing Processors for and uptake of
communities and and development the results of
multilateral consumers. and extension rice research
communication for
operational by development.
2010.
Output Target Materials
2008: A
community-
curated global,
multi-lingual
rice thesaurus
and ontology
Output Target Practices
2009: Next
generation of
the IRRI.ORG
Institutional
Web Presence.
Output Target Practices
2011:
Documented
experiment with
lessons learned
in telecentres
(managed
through local
organizations)
for agriculture
information for
one country
(e.g. Philippines,
Bangladesh or
India)
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 123 of 210
Output 4: Phase I Crop The intended Increased
of the Informatics scientists users have application of
and increased appropriate
Communication capacity to informatics
Service for Crop benefit from and
Science which is a appropriate communicatio
public research, informatics and n tools leads
development, and communication to more
dissemination technology. equitable
service for access, rapid
informatics and development,
communication dissemination
technology and adoption
targeting of rice science
agricultural information
scientific research and
completed by technology.
2010.
Output Target Materials
2008: Curricula
for online
tutorials and
workshop
training
resources for
use of the Crop
Science
Information
Resource and
the Cereals
Knowledge
Bank.
Output Target Practices
2008: Strategy
and
methodology for
application of
AccessGrid
technology to
multi-site
training and
scientific
conferences.
Output Target Materials
2009: Molecular
breeding and
decision-making
informatics tools
for crop
research.
Output Target Practices
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 124 of 210
2009: A
strategy and
systems for
institutional
data
management
practices for the
IRRI’s research
programs.
Output Target Materials
2010:
Multimedia user
training
materials for
IRRI-developed
crop research
informatics tools
and
methodologies
available to crop
researchers.
Output Target Materials
2011: Visual
breeding
support tools
available to crop
researchers for
use with
integrated
phenotype,
genotype, and
pedigree data.
Output Target Materials
2011:
Multimedia
training course
and online
support
materials
available to crop
researchers for
research data
and information
management
capacity
building.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 125 of 210
7: Rice policy support and impact assessment for rice research
Project Overview and Rationale
Rationale
The impact of rice research on poverty reduction and environmental sustainability depends
on conducive policies and appropriate technologies that address farmers livelihood needs. To
effectively set research priorities, it is therefore necessary to understand the broad trends in
socioeconomic and policy environments that affect the economics of rice production. This
involves analyses of trends in rice production and consumption at the national/subnational
levels, and shifts in comparative advantages in rice production relative to other crops across
regions/ecosystems.
Strategic assessments for agriculture and economic growth in rice-producing regions, the
dynamics of rural livelihoods, the nature and determinants of poverty, as well as commodity
and market trends in increasingly globalized markets are critically important for determining
investment priorities for rural development. Planning and prioritizing rice research also
requires a deeper understanding of people’s access to and use of natural resources and
other forms of capital – physical, financial, human, and social – and their interactions with
government agencies, NGOs, and other institutions that influence their livelihood strategies.
It is critically important to understand the changes in farmer practices that are currently
taking place and drivers of such changes, including farmers’ knowledge and their
perceptions, their criteria for technology choices, and how components of livelihood systems
and rice technologies interact. Such an understanding provides the scientific basis for
technology design, targeting, and delivery.
Impact assessments are critically important for providing evidence of impact of past
research (ex post) and for identifying future investment opportunities that are likely to lead
to large impacts (ex ante). Such assessments are being increasingly sought both for
ensuring accountability and for raising the efficiency of research investments, especially in
the current context of tighter resource availability.
The main objective of this program is to provide sound advice to policymakers, research
managers, and donors regarding the design of agricultural interventions through policy
analyses, livelihood studies, and impact assessments focused on rice-based systems of Asia.
Through close partnership with NARES, the program will also contribute to building their
capacity for broader socioeconomic and policy analyses of the agricultural sector.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities
This program falls under System Priority 5 (Improving policies and facilitating institutional
innovation to support sustainable reduction of poverty and hunger). The policy support work
will fall under 5A. Analyses of comparative advantages, trade, and domestic marketing will
fall under 5B. The livelihood analysis and development of strategies for increasing the
overall impact of research for development fall under 5D.
Project Outputs
The program has five outputs.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 126 of 210
Outputs Description
Changes from previous MTP Outputs
None
Output 1: Sub-national and farm level databases relevant to rice policy and impact
assessment for major rice-growing countries prepared by 2012.
Description: Analysis of trends in rice production and opportunities for new technologies for
poverty alleviation requires detailed data at national, subnational and farm (household)
levels. Such data facilitate detailed analysis of the economics of rice production, farmers’
livelihood strategies, technology adoption patterns, and technology impacts. The required
aggregate and farm-level data need to be generated to support these research activities of
IRRI. These databases that require considerable efforts to collect, compile, and validate are
international public goods that are used by NARES, policymakers, research scholars, and
managers of development projects to meet their own needs. Our work on compiling and
analyzing sub-national level rice data can help describe and understand spatial and temporal
shifts in rice production and productivity. Similarly, such data are crucial for understanding
the spatial distribution of poverty and potentials of various interventions for poverty
reduction. The World Rice Database, which is compiled, updated, and published regularly by
IRRI, is an important single source of information used widely by NARES and others.
Similarly, the databases generated by IRRI through farm surveys in different rice
ecosystems and countries are being used by research scholars and others throughout the
region. While there are alternative suppliers of national-level data, disaggregated data at the
subnational and farm levels are not generally available from other sources. IRRI continues to
update and provide such data as a public good.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 5A: Improving science and technology policies and
institutions; 5D: Improving research and development options to reduce rural poverty and
vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Bangladesh; India; Philippines;
Output 2: Comprehensive knowledge of long-term dynamics of poverty and rural
livelihood systems with focus on interactions among technology, infrastructure,
and institutions in major rice-growing countries of Asia developed by 2012.
Description: Technology needs of farmers and the potential impact of technologies on
poverty reduction depend on farmers’ livelihood strategies. Poor farmers are mostly engaged
in a number of livelihood activities that include crop production, livestock rearing, and wage
employment, which may be on the farm or outside the farm. Livelihood strategies differ
among farmers depending on their farm size, family labor resources, human capital,
financial capital, and access to markets, information and technologies. They also differ by
gender. Livelihood strategies are not static but dynamic and evolve according to changes in
the broader economic, institutional, and social contexts of farming. It is the interaction
among these various drivers of changes in the livelihood of farmers that determines the
suitability of various interventions (technology and policy) in generating the desired impact.
Similarly, long-term observation and analyses of changes in institutions and social contexts
of rice farming are needed as such changes are generally gradual and slow. A good
understanding of farmers’ livelihood strategies and how various factors such as policy,
infrastructure, and institutions influence changes in livelihood strategies is essential for
underpinning technology development.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 127 of 210
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 5A: Improving science and technology policies and
institutions; 5D: Improving research and development options to reduce rural poverty and
vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Bangladesh; India; Philippines; Viet Nam;
Output 3: Policy reform options based on analyses of long-term changes in
comparative advantages in rice production in major rice-growing countries of Asia
developed by 2012.
Description: The overall productivity, profitability, and sustainability of rice production
depend not only on technology but also on policy factors. In addition to the broader
macroeconomic and rural development policies, those related to output pricing and
marketing, input pricing, and subsidies directly impact on the profitability and sustainability
of rice farming. Some policies can also create a conflict between profitability and
sustainability. For example, input subsidies such as for groundwater use, while being
profitable to farmers, can result in rapid depletion of groundwater due to excessive use and
make the system unsustainable. Advice based on sound analysis of the consequences of
various policies is an important step in effecting policy reforms. Similarly, reforms in
marketing setup and policies may relax the major constraints to the adoption and diffusion
of potentially profitable technologies. Comparative advantages associated with the
production of rice across countries and rice ecosystems are likely to change as economies
grow, new opportunities of trading open up, and relative input costs change over-time.
Formulation of policy reform options to address these broader issues related to the rice
economy is hence essential to promote long-term economic viability and sustainability of rice
production.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 5A: Improving science and technology policies and
institutions; 5B: Making international and domestic markets work for the poor;
Countries of Planned Research: China; India; Philippines; Thailand;
Output 4: Knowledge of potential and realized impacts of rice and policy-oriented
research on poverty reduction and sustainable management of natural resources
generated by 2012.
Description: In an era of declining public funding of agricultural research for development, it
is important that IRRI and NARES partners have a clear understanding of, and be able to
demonstrate, the realized and potential contribution of their research outputs to the
Institutes goals and CGIAR priorities. This knowledge, based on a body of credible evidence,
can be used to help IRRI and NARES learn through critical self-analysis to improve project
design and implementation, to support improved decision-making and management of
research funds at the institutional, program, and project level, and to underpin continued
funding.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 5A: Improving science and technology policies and
institutions; 5B: Making international and domestic markets work for the poor; 5D:
Improving research and development options to reduce rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Indonesia; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam;
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 128 of 210
Output 5: Strategies, policies and principles for pro-poor dissemination of
improved technologies developed by 2012.
Description: To achieve impact, scaling up initiatives will require innovative strategies for
dissemination of improved pro-poor technologies. Recent work on the dissemination of
improved crop and resource management technologies has shown that institutional,
technological, policy, social and cultural factors facilitate or impede the technology diffusion
process and the extent that it is pro-poor and responsive to gender issues. Improved
knowledge of these factors is needed in the design and implementation of strategies for
scaling up. Adequate knowledge of farmer decision-making processes in resource
management will shed light on how innovation occurs and what support measures are
needed to stimulate local innovation process. Scaling up initiatives require strategies that
are responsive to changing political economy, that foster stronger partnerships with national
systems, private industry, civil society organizations, and that are based on deeper
understanding of the household and community responses to new opportunities. There is a
need to understand the interaction among a range of actors and rural institutions for
ensuring broad impact on the poor. Broader principles derived from a synthesis of
experiences on how institutional change can be pro-poor and gender equitable are needed to
guide the formulation of strategies for facilitating faster and wider dissemination of
innovations.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 5B: Making international and domestic markets work for the
poor; 5D: Improving research and development options to reduce rural poverty and
vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia;
Mozambique; Myanmar; Philippines; Tanzania; Viet Nam;
Impact Pathways
The impact pathway of this program includes researchers, research managers, development
workers, and policymakers as the main users of the knowledge and information generated.
Outputs from impact assessment (both ex ante and ex post) contribute to the process of
improved prioritization of research and, through this mechanism, increase the likelihood of
selecting projects and activities with high impact potentials. Similarly, policy advice
generated is expected to contribute to policy reforms needed for speeding up the process of
impact generation and increasing the overall range of impact on the ultimate beneficiaries.
In addition, the information generated from broader analyses of farmer livelihood strategies
is expected to generate impact by contributing to improved design of rural development
strategies. The major factor that may condition the impact of this program is the extent to
which the policy advice developed and research priorities identified are taken up for
implementation by policymakers and research managers.
Impact Pathways by Output
Output 1: Sub-national and farm level databases relevant to rice policy and impact
assessment for major rice-growing countries prepared by 2012. See generic statement on
Impact Pathways.
Output 2: Comprehensive knowledge of long-term dynamics of poverty and rural livelihood
systems with focus on interactions among technology, infrastructure, and institutions in
major rice-growing countries of Asia developed by 2012. See generic statement on Impact
Pathways.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 129 of 210
Output 3: Policy reform options based on analyses of long-term changes in comparative
advantages in rice production in major rice-growing countries of Asia developed by 2012.
See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 4: Knowledge of potential and realized impacts of rice and policy-oriented research
on poverty reduction and sustainable management of natural resources generated by 2012.
See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 5: Strategies, policies and principles for pro-poor dissemination of improved
technologies developed by 2012. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
International Public Goods
Information and knowledge are the international public goods arising from this program. The
framework of cross-site comparative analysis to be deployed in the program will help
produce a global view of the drivers of change and their impacts that can be generalized
across a range of conditions. In addition, methodological frameworks and strategies
developed in the program are expected to have wider application for policy research and
impact analysis.
Elaboration of Partners Roles
NARES, sister CG centers, and advanced research institutes (ARIs) all have key collaborative
roles in the program. NARES, which include both research organizations and universities, will
be the major collaborators involved in designing and implementing the research programs
that address specific problems relevant to them. This will involve, among others, collection
and analysis of detailed national/subnational and farm-level data. Key complementary inputs
will be sought from sister CG centers (e.g., with IFPRI on policy analyses) and with ARIs (for
example, Yale University, CIRAD, and University of Lund). Such complementary inputs
include key concepts and models that, with suitable modifications and adaptation, can be
applied to meet the program objectives.
Logical Framework
Output Output Output Intended Outcomes Impacts
targets target users
types/
Verification
(optional)
Output 1: Sub- IRRI NARES Data are An
national and farm Research used by increased
level databases scholars researchers, understandin
relevant to rice Policy policymakers g of long-
policy and impact makers and term trends
assessment for Students of development in, and
major rice-growing agricultural agencies to spatial
countries prepared development generate patterns of,
by 2012. Staff of improved rice
agricultural knowledge of production,
development the trends in based on
projects. rice credible
economy socio-
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 130 of 210
and policies, economic
extrapolation data, will
domains of lead to more
improved informed
rice decision
technologies, making and
and drivers improved
of change in resource
agriculture allocation
and rural and
development prioritization
. Knowledge of rice
of trends in research.
rice and Ultimately
agricultural improved
economy funding
and drivers decisions will
of change increase the
advanced likelihood of
through agricultural
discussions and rural
in development
international in the rice
fora, and growing
used in IRRI- areas of
NARES bi- Asia.
lateral
research
planning
meetings.
Output Target Other kinds
2008: Updated of knowledge
global
administrative
boundaries
database for
mapping of
socio-economic
variables at the
subnational
level.
Output Target Other kinds of
2009: Database knowledge
containing
information
collected from
farm surveys in
Philippines.
Output Target Other kinds
2009: Updated of knowledge
subnational data
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 131 of 210
base on rice
area and
production for
major rice
growing
countries of Asia
and Africa.
Output Target Other kinds of
2010: Database knowledge
containing
information
collected form
farm-level
surveys in
Bangladesh and
eastern India
Output Target Other kinds of
2010: knowledge
Subnational
time series data
on rice area,
production and
yield in major
rice growing
countries of
Asia.
Output Target Other kinds of
2011: knowledge
Integrated
farm-level
survey database
from major
countries in Asia
that is publicly
accessible.
Output Target Other kinds of
2011: Updated knowledge
and refined
subnational data
through the use
of surveys and
remote sensing
on rice area,
production and
yield in major
rice growing
countries of
Asia.
Output 2: Policy Policy An
Comprehensive makers IRRI makers and increased
knowledge of long- NARES research understandin
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 132 of 210
term dynamics of managers g of
poverty and rural use the livelihood
livelihood systems information strategies
with focus on to improve will help the
interactions among research intended
technology, prioritization users
infrastructure, and , rural develop and
institutions in investment implement
major rice-growing portfolios research
countries of Asia and policies. projects and
developed by agricultural
2012. policies that
will increase
the
likelihood of
the research
outputs
making a
contribution
to the
desired
development
goals.
Output Target Policy
2008: strategies
Assessment of
broader changes
in gender roles
in rice
production, and
the welfare
impact of
dynamic
interactions
between rice
technologies
and gender
roles in eastern
India,
Philippines, and
Vietnam.
Output Target Policy
2008: strategies
Understanding
of drivers and
patterns of
changes in
livelihood
strategies and
poverty in rural
Bangladesh,
Philippines, and
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 133 of 210
eastern India.
Output Target Policy
2009: Options strategies
to improve the
management of
irrigation
through
improved
knowledge of
the role of
institutions,
policies and
social capital in
irrigation
systems
management.
Output Target Policy
2009: Analysis strategies
of the trends in
labor use, the
extent of
mechanization
and evolving
organization of
rice farming in
areas of India
undergoing farm
labor shortages.
Output Target Policy
2010: Policy strategies
options to
improve farming
efficiency
through
improved
knowledge of
long-term
dynamics of rice
production
systems in
Philippines and
India.
Output Target Policy
2011: Analysis strategies
of the efficiency
and poverty
impact of land
rental markets
and farm
consolidation in
Philippines and
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 134 of 210
India.
Output 3: Policy Policy Policy
reform options makers IRRI makers use Improvemen
based on analyses NARES the ts in the
of long-term research information policy
changes in managers to guide environment
comparative policy for , particularly
advantages in rice increasing in the areas
production in the of trade,
major rice-growing economic rural
countries of Asia efficiency of development
developed by rice and natural
2012. production. resources
Research policy, will
managers increase the
use the likelihood
information that gains
for research from
prioritization research are
. not only
realized but
are of
greatest
benefit to
the targeted
groups,
namely poor
rice farmers
and
consumers.
Output Target Policy
2008: Policy strategies
options based
on the
knowledge of
pricing and
subsidies to
improve water
use efficiency in
India.
Output Target Policy
2009: Policy strategies
options to
reduce the
trading margin
and the
instability in
domestic rice
prices in
Philippines and
Thailand
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 135 of 210
Output Target Policy
2009: strategies
Improved
understanding
of rice policies
and policy
research
priorities in
major rice
growing
countries of
Asia.
Output Target Policy
2010: strategies
Improved
knowledge of
the changes in
comparative
advantage in
rice production
among various
rice ecosystems
in the context of
trade
liberalization
and the
emerging long-
term changes in
input costs.
Output Target Policy
2011: Long- strategies
term analysis of
demand and
supply of rice in
the context of
global scenario
on cereal
production,
increasing
diversification of
diets, and
production of
biofuels.
Output Target Policy
2011: Scenario strategies
analysis of the
likely changes in
the comparative
advantage of
rice production
across rice
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 136 of 210
ecosystems in
the context of
global climate
change.
Output Target Policy
2011: A strategies
synthesis of
policy options
for improving
water use
efficiency in
China, India and
Philippines.
Output 4: IRRI NARES IRRI and More
Knowledge of Donors NARES use informed
potential and this investment
realized impacts of knowledge decision-
rice and policy- for research making and
oriented research prioritization improved
on poverty and to project
reduction and support design and
sustainable more implementati
management of effective on increases
natural resources project the
generated by development likelihood
2012. and that
implementati research
on. Donors outputs
use this reach the
information intended
in deciding target
which groups and
projects to have a
fund. significant
payoff. As a
result, the
livelihoods of
target
groups are
improved
through
sustainable
increases in
productivity.
Output Target Policy
2008: Strategy strategies
for
institutionalizing
an impact
culture in rice
research
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 137 of 210
systems.
Output Target Other kinds
2008: of knowledge
Advanced
methods and
tools to evaluate
the influence of
policy-oriented
research on
observed policy
changes.
Output Target Other kinds
2008: of knowledge
Knowledge of
returns to
policy-oriented
rice research on
pesticide use on
the health of
rice farmers in
Philippines.
Output Target Capacity
2009:
Enhanced
capacity of
NARES scientists
for conducting
impact
assessments in
Southeast Asia.
Output Target Other kinds
2009: of knowledge
Enhanced
conceptual and
operational
framework for
assessing the
impact of rice
research on
sustainable
management of
natural
resources.
Output Target Other kinds
2010: A of knowledge
framework to
assess the
economic
returns to
investments in
capacity
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 138 of 210
building.
Output Target Policy
2010: strategies
Understanding
of returns to
investment in
capacity building
for varietal
improvement.
Output Target Other kinds of
2011: knowledge
Knowledge of
returns to
research on
natural resource
management in
rice systems of
Asia.
Output 5: NARES and Based on Pathways to
Strategies, policies community the adoption of
and principles for organizations knowledge rice-based
pro-poor generated, technologies
dissemination of current are more
improved approaches accessible to
technologies to poor farmers
developed by technology resulting in
2012. disseminatio faster
n are refined disseminatio
by national n thus
extension increasing
systems and the total
community/f returns to
armer rice research
organization and its
s to facilitate impact on
rapid poverty.
technology
diffusion.
Output Target Other kinds
2008: of knowledge
Improved
understanding
of farmer
decision making
processes on
use of elite lines
and improved
crop and water
management
practices in
eastern India
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 139 of 210
and Vietnam.
Output Target Capacity
2008:
Demonstrated
application of
dissemination
strategies in
Vietnam.
Output Target Other kinds of
2009: knowledge
Knowledge of
facilitating
factors of
community-level
decision making
and action to
support and
implement
improved crop
and resource
management
practices in
Indonesia,
Myanmar and
Philippines.
Output Target Other kinds of
2010: knowledge
Improved
knowledge of
factors
facilitating/const
raining policy
support to scale
up adoption of
resource
management
technologies.
Output Target Capacity
2010: NARES
scientists from
five countries
(Bangladesh,
India,
Indonesia,
Mozambique
and Vietnam)
have capacity to
undertake
gender-sensitive
pro-poor
participatory
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 140 of 210
approaches to
scaling up and
scaling out
technology.
Output Target Other kinds of
2010: knowledge
Documented
evidence of
impact of value-
based research
(pro-poor,
gender
equitable,
multistakeholder
) across
international,
governmental
and civil society
institutions in
Bangladesh.
Output Target Other kinds of
2011: Broader knowledge
principles on
how research
for development
can be pro-poor,
gender
equitable, and
multi-
stakeholder
based on a
synthesis of
experiences in
India and
Bangladesh.
Output Target Other kinds of
2011: The knowledge
model of
entertainment
education for
IPM in three
countries in SE
Asia.
Output Target Policy
2011: strategies
Strategies for
development of
sustainable seed
systems based
on experiences
from
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 141 of 210
Bangladesh,
India and
Tanzania.
Output Target Policy
2011: strategies
Strategies for a
business model
for rice post-
harvest
development
based on
experiences
from Cambodia,
Indonesia and
Vietnam.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 142 of 210
Eco-regional Program: Rice-Wheat Consortium (RWC) for the Indo-
Gangetic Plains
Project Overview and Rationale
In South Asia, the Rice-Wheat Consortium (RWC) countries – Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and
Pakistan – have devoted to agriculture nearly half of their total land area of 402 million
hectares to feed and provide livelihoods for 1.8 billion people. Rice and wheat, the staple
food crops for these people, are of great significance for food security in the region as these
crops contribute more than 80% of the total cereal production in these countries. The
intensively cultivated irrigated rice-wheat system is fundamental to employment, income,
and livelihoods for hundreds of millions of rural and urban poor of this region. In the last few
decades, high growth rates for food grain production (wheat 3.0%, rice 2.3%) in Consortium
countries have kept pace with population growth. But evidence is now appearing that rice-
wheat system productivity is plateauing because of a fatigued natural resource base. Thus,
the regions food security is continuously threatened and the emerging challenges of
postGreen Revolution (GR) agriculture pose additional hurdles. In addition, in many of the
eastern areas of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), which are located in unfavorable rice
ecologies, gains from GR technologies seem to have not affected the lives of millions.
The system suffers from the unsustainable exploitation of water and soils, inefficient use of
chemical inputs, and emerging or worsening disease and pest problems. Labor availability is
a major driver of change in many of the rice production systems in Asia and is leading to
changes such as shifting from transplanting to direct seeding. In the Indo-Gangetic Plains,
the desire to reduce costs has motivated the development of conservation agriculture to
reduce the tillage required for crop establishment and conserve the resource base. The
changing production environment has significant implications for resource management and
productivity, and appropriate land management is required to ensure the sustainability of
rice ecosystems. Farmers tend to be more market-oriented and driven by the need to
sustain local rural communities and neighboring urban areas. Regional demand for cereals is
projected to rise dramatically, and should be met largely through increased yields, freeing
land and other resources for diversification into high-value cropping/enterprises. Market
forces plus policies will drive the pace and form of sustainable diversification for enhanced
income and employment generation in rural South Asia.
The Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains includes the national agricultural
research systems of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan; several international centers of
the CGIAR (CIMMYT, IRRI, ICRISAT, CIP, IWMI, ILRI), and the World Vegetable Center -
AVRDC; and various advanced research institutes (Cornell University, IAC Wageningen, IACR
Rothamsted, CABI-UK, CSIRO, ACIAR, and the IAEA). The Consortium was established in
1994 as an Eco-regional Initiative of the CGIAR; in 1998, CIMMYT was assigned convening
and leadership responsibilities. In 2008, IRRI assumed convening and leadership
responsibilities from CIMMYT. The main goal of the RWC is to strengthen existing linkages
and partnerships with national research programs, other international centers, advanced
institutes, and the private sector working in the region to develop and deploy more efficient,
productive, and sustainable technologies for the diverse rice-wheat production systems of
the Indo-Gangetic Plains. As quality land and water resources are being diverted to other
sectors of national economies, the Consortium tests and promotes alternative practices for
sustaining productivity growth through a farmer participatory research approach. Work of
the RWC depends on many local partners including local government agencies, NGOs, and
the private sector, particularly input suppliers and agricultural equipment manufacturers.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 143 of 210
The RWC receives funding from the World Bank at approximately US$270,000 per year,
which complements contributions by participating CGIAR centers as well as a number of
research grants from USAID, ACIAR, ADB, and other donors.
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities
The first two outputs (1. Development of technologies and policies to improve water
productivity, soil health, and diversity of the rice-wheat system and 2. Acceleration of the
adoption of resource-conserving technologies [RCTs]) are closely aligned with System
Priority 4 and 5. These outputs have major research focus in System Priority 4C, 4D, and 5C
and contributory research focus in System Priority 4A, 5A, and 5D. In 4C, the outputs will
address specific goal 1 and all specific goals except 2 in 4D. Output 3 (Management of the
RWC by strengthening the capacity of partners to conduct research for sustainable
intensification and diversification of rice-wheat systems and make information on RCTs
available to users) is directly aligned with System Priority 5C, in particular, specific goals 1
and 2. In addition, the inputs for (a) System Priority 2 (A to C) and System Priority 4 (C)
come from IRRI’s Program 2 Output 1 and CIMMYT’s MTP project 10, and (b) System Priority
5A and 5D come from CIMMYT’s MTP projects 10 and 11.
Project Outputs
This ecoregional program has three outputs.
Outputs Description
Changes from previous MTP Outputs
Revised the 2009 - 2010 Output Targets.
Output 1: Develop technologies and policies to improve water productivity, soil
health and enhanced diversity of the rice-wheat systems.
Description:
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 4A: Promoting integrated land, water and forest management
at landscape level; 4C: Improving water productivity; 4D: Promoting sustainable agro-
ecological intensification in low- and high-potential areas; 5A: Improving science and
technology policies and institutions; 5C: Improving rural institutions and their governance;
5D: Improving research and development options to reduce rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Australia; Bangladesh; India; India, ICRISAT HQ ; Kenya,
ILRI HQ ; Mexico, CIMMYT HQ ; Nepal; Netherlands; Pakistan; Peru, CIP HQ ; Philippines ,
IRRI HQ ; Taiwan, Province of China; United Kingdom; United States of America;
Output 2: Accelerate adoption of resource-conserving technologies (RCTs). All
stakeholders involved in accelerating the pace of development and adoption of
RCTs using farmer participatory approaches in the IGP.
Description:
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 4A: Promoting integrated land, water and forest management
at landscape level; 4C: Improving water productivity; 4D: Promoting sustainable agro-
ecological intensification in low- and high-potential areas; 5A: Improving science and
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 144 of 210
technology policies and institutions; 5C: Improving rural institutions and their governance;
5D: Improving research and development options to reduce rural poverty and vulnerability;
Countries of Planned Research: Australia; Bangladesh; India; India, ICRISAT HQ ; Kenya,
ILRI HQ ; Mexico, CIMMYT HQ ; Nepal; Netherlands; Pakistan; Peru, CIP HQ ; Philippines ,
IRRI HQ ; Sri Lanka, IWMI HQ ; Taiwan, Province of China; United Kingdom; United States
of America;
Output 3: Prudent management of the RWC by strengthening the capacity of
partners to conduct research for sustainable intensification and diversification of
rice-wheat systems and make information on RCTs available to users.
Description:
Alignment to CGIAR Priorities: 5C: Improving rural institutions and their governance;
Countries of Planned Research: Bangladesh; India; India, ICRISAT HQ ; Kenya, ILRI HQ ;
Mexico, CIMMYT HQ ; Nepal; Netherlands; Pakistan; Peru, CIP HQ ; Philippines , IRRI HQ ;
Sri Lanka, IWMI HQ ; Taiwan, Province of China; United Kingdom; United States of America;
Impact Pathways
The RWC has applied a new model for farm technology development and dissemination in
South Asia, encouraging farmers, researchers, and extension agents to work as teams.
Farmers actively participate in testing, refining, and promoting promising innovations. They
are encouraged and backstopped by researchers, who often go straight to farmers’ fields
with promising innovations, rather than spending years in testing and refinement on
research stations. As part of this, RWC researchers and extension agents work with multiple
actors – including farm implement manufacturers, input suppliers, and others – along
complex innovation pathways. This has been crucial, for example, in the expansion of zero-
tillage and raised-bed cropping in wheat, both of which require a specialized sowing
implement. The RWC facilitation unit has provided stability, continuity, effective
coordination, and a nonpartisan stance. Among other things, this has fostered the cross-
fertilization of knowledge and practices across borders, even in times of regional or local
conflict. Laser-leveling of fields – essential for efficient water use in irrigated areas – was
first tested and applied in Pakistan, but has since spread to neighboring countries through
the Consortium. Traveling seminars, in which researchers and farmers from India and
Pakistan visit each others farm plots and experiment stations, have fostered the sharing of
knowledge and helped ignite enthusiasm about new practices. The RWC plays a pivotal and
innovative role as a true facilitator, information provider, technology clearinghouse, and
capacity builder.
The RWC works in a farmers participatory research approach and it has been successful in
promoting resource conserving technologies or RCTs such as zero-tillage in wheat. In a
typical scenario, RWC partners enter a new village, where a poor small-farm family, growing
only a rice-wheat rotation, is introduced to zero-tillage wheat after rice, using a seeder lent
by the RWC. Relatives and neighbors scoff at the practice and the displeasing appearance of
the field during the early establishment stage. But the harvest is equal to or better than that
from traditionally cultivated wheat, and farmers save on seed, labor, diesel, farm
equipment, and irrigation water – all of which represents a significant economic gain. The
practice allows earlier sowing of wheat, so farmers can introduce a subsequent mung bean
or other crop, or grow green manures to enrich the soil. Other farmers begin adopting the
practice and fight over use of the seeder or seek ways to purchase their own seeder, fueling
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 145 of 210
the local farm machinery industry. Early purchasers contract their services out to neighbors
who do not have the zero-tillage seeder, thereby earning extra income. Zero-tillage tends to
be adopted first by the better endowed farmers, but rental services have made the
technology relatively scale-neutral and divisible. The RWC has a diverse basket of options –
including animal-drawn and light-duty modular power tillers, or manual surface-seeding
practices – which put zero-tillage within reach of the regions most disadvantaged farmers,
and Consortium researchers work with farmers to adapt practices or devise new ones that fit
particular circumstances.
In addition, through a participatory varietal selection program supported by the RWC,
farmers in the village gain access to the latest high-yielding wheat varieties. Added income
from all of the above can be used by farm families to further diversify, sink a well, conduct
home improvement, purchase needed equipment, or underwrite a child’s education. An
ambitious farmer in the village may launch a seed production and marketing business or
other enterprise. Throughout this process, RWC partners provide advice and research
backstopping, as well as linking farmers with input suppliers, machine shops, market
representatives, local administrators, other researchers, or knowledgeable farmers from
other villages. The RWC will arrange for farmers from other villages to visit, talk to peers,
and observe progress themselves.
Impact Pathways by Output
Output 1: Develop technologies and policies to improve water productivity, soil health and
enhanced diversity of the rice-wheat systems. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 2: Accelerate adoption of resource-conserving technologies (RCTs). All stakeholders
involved in accelerating the pace of development and adoption of RCTs using farmer
participatory approaches in the IGP. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
Output 3: Prudent management of the RWC by strengthening the capacity of partners to
conduct research for sustainable intensification and diversification of rice-wheat systems and
make information on RCTs available to users. See generic statement on Impact Pathways.
International Public Goods
This system-wide eco-regional program brings together NARES, international agricultural
research centers, and several advanced research institutes, and strives to form a network
between national and international agricultural research institutions to address problems
limiting the enhancement of productivity of rice and wheat in a sustainable manner. This
rotation covers 13.5 million ha in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan and is fundamental
to employment, income, and food security for hundreds of millions of rural poor. The
Consortium addresses problems that cut across national and regional boundaries. The
program will strengthen existing linkages and partnerships in the region to develop and
deploy more efficient, productive, and sustainable technologies for the diverse rice-wheat
production systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. These technologies include conservation
agriculture practices for both rice and wheat crops appropriate for small- and medium-scale
farmers, which address concerns such as yield plateaus, water and labor shortages and
declining water tables, resource fatigue, farmers profit, turnaround time for planting of
winter crops after rice, climate change, and pollution. Consortium activities will draw on
multiple sites throughout the Indo-Gangetic Plains to derive a broad understanding and
knowledge to support extrapolation and wider application of the output targets. The RWC
basket of crop management options exhibits divisibility in application and utility for farmers.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 146 of 210
Elaboration of Partners Roles
The RWC will work with more than 80 partners in research and development activities to
achieve the outputs. These partners involve NARES, including government agencies dealing
with policy and extension, NGOs, IARCs, ARIs, UN agencies, and the private sector. The
amount of involvement will vary from comprehensive ongoing work with core members
(NARES of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan; IRRI and CIMMYT) to a short-term
project-specific relationship. The RWC will have a Regional Steering Committee (RSC), the
pinnacle management group for endorsing the research themes and approving work plans
and budgets developed by the Regional Technical Coordination Committee (RTCC).
Logical Framework
Output Output targets Output Intended Outcomes Impacts
target users
types/
Verification
(optional)
Output 1:
Develop
technologies and
policies to improve
water productivity,
soil health and
enhanced diversity
of the rice-wheat
systems.
Output Target Practices Farmers in More Zero-tillage
2008: Multi-crop South Asia, diversified drill
zero-tillage seed private seed systems in manufacturing
drills and bed sector, the eastern units cross
planters NARS, other Gangetic 150, and
developed, tested research plains. Maize appear in the
and refined in the centers. seed eastern sector
eastern Gangetic systems for enhanced
plains. available. adoption of
More pulses conservation
and fodder agriculture for
produced. improved
Farmers livelihoods,
adopt new human and
machines for animal health
seeding into and quality of
loose the
residues. environment.
The
efficiency of
use of water
and other
inputs
improved.
Reliable in-
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 147 of 210
season
forecasting
of wheat and
rice yields.
Output Target Practices Farmers in More Zero-tillage
2008: N South Asia, diversified drill
management private seed systems in manufacturing
practices using sector, the eastern units cross
GreenSeeker NARS, other Gangetic 150, and
technology research plains. Maize appear in the
refined for field centers. seed eastern sector
application. systems for enhanced
available. adoption of
More pulses conservation
and fodder agriculture for
produced. improved
Farmers livelihoods,
adopt new human and
machines for animal health
seeding into and quality of
loose the
residues. environment.
The
efficiency of
use of water
and other
inputs
improved.
Reliable in-
season
forecasting
of wheat and
rice yields.
Output Target Materials Farmers in More Zero-tillage
2008: Legumes South Asia, diversified drill
and winter maize private seed systems in manufacturing
in the eastern sector, the eastern units cross
Gangetic plains NARS, other Gangetic 150, and
introduced. research plains. Maize appear in the
centers. seed eastern sector
systems for enhanced
available. adoption of
More pulses conservation
and fodder agriculture for
produced. improved
Farmers livelihoods,
adopt new human and
machines for animal health
seeding into and quality of
loose the
residues. environment.
The
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 148 of 210
efficiency of
use of water
and other
inputs
improved.
Reliable in-
season
forecasting
of wheat and
rice yields.
Output Target Practices Farmers in More Zero-tillage
2008: South Asia, diversified drill
Diversification private seed systems in manufacturing
practices that sector, the eastern units cross
promote NARS, other Gangetic 150, and
sustainability research plains. Maize appear in the
developed. centers. seed eastern sector
systems for enhanced
available. adoption of
More pulses conservation
and fodder agriculture for
produced. improved
Farmers livelihoods,
adopt new human and
machines for animal health
seeding into and quality of
loose the
residues. environment.
The
efficiency of
use of water
and other
inputs
improved.
Reliable in-
season
forecasting
of wheat and
rice yields.
Output Target Practices Farmers in More Zero-tillage
2008: Rice crop South Asia, diversified drill
establishment private seed systems in manufacturing
practices for sector, the eastern units cross
direct seeded rice NARS, other Gangetic 150, and
refined. research plains. Maize appear in the
centers. seed eastern sector
systems for enhanced
available. adoption of
More pulses conservation
and fodder agriculture for
produced. improved
Farmers livelihoods,
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 149 of 210
adopt new human and
machines for animal health
seeding into and quality of
loose the
residues. environment.
The
efficiency of
use of water
and other
inputs
improved.
Reliable in-
season
forecasting
of wheat and
rice yields.
Output Target Other kinds Farmers in More Zero-tillage
2008: GPS of South Asia, diversified drill
surveys, geo- knowledge private seed systems in manufacturing
referenced sector, the eastern units cross
databases for NARS, other Gangetic 150, and
RCTs adoption research plains. Maize appear in the
sites. centers. seed eastern sector
systems for enhanced
available. adoption of
More pulses conservation
and fodder agriculture for
produced. improved
Farmers livelihoods,
adopt new human and
machines for animal health
seeding into and quality of
loose the
residues. environment.
The
efficiency of
use of water
and other
inputs
improved.
Reliable in-
season
forecasting
of wheat and
rice yields.
Output Target Practices Farmers in Farmers Improved soil
2009: Refined South Asia, adopt new health.
technology for no private machines for Reduction in
till rice-wheat sector seeding into
residue
with loose companies, loose burning and
residue. NARES, residues. emission of
CGIAR, other
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 150 of 210
research GHG.
Nutrient and
centers.
water-use Savings in
efficiency
labour, water
improved.
and energy.
Output Target Practices Farmers in Farmers Improved soil
2009: South Asia, adopt new health.
Diversified rice- private machines for Reduction in
wheat system sector seeding into
residue
that includes companies, loose burning and
cover crops and NARES, residues. emission of
intercrops. CGIAR, other Nutrient and GHG.
research
water-use
centers. efficiency Savings in
improved. labour, water
and energy.
Diversified
rice-wheat
system in
the IGP.
Output Target Other kinds Farmers in Climatic data Scientists
2009: Validated of South Asia, for selected adopt the
methodology for knowledge private IGP sites methodology
downscaling the sector available. for
global climatic companies, downscaling in
data to IGP. NARES, other areas
CGIAR, other for wider
research applications.
centers.
Output Target Practices Farmers in Conservation Farmers shift
2010: Optimized South Asia, agriculture to double
nitrogen x private driven zero- till
residue x sector resource systems on a
irrigation x weed companies, management sizeable area
management. NARES, practice in rice-wheat
CGIAR, other established. cropping
research Impact of systems.
centers. Future
continuous
no-till direction of
practice on research on
rice-wheat RCTs
system identified.
assessed.
Output Target Other kinds Farmers in Conservation Farmers shift
2010: Monitored of South Asia, agriculture to double
medium to long- knowledge private driven zero- till
term effects of sector resource systems on a
continuous no or companies, management sizeable area
reduced tillage on NARES, practice in rice-wheat
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 151 of 210
crop and soil CGIAR, other established. cropping
health. research Impact of systems.
centers. Future
continuous
no-till direction of
practice on research on
rice-wheat RCTs
system identified.
assessed.
Output Target Other kinds Farmers in Area under Policies for
2011: of South Asia, DSR and promoting
Assessment of knowledge private RCTs RCTs
the sector, expands. developed and
socioeconomic NARES, other recommended
and research .
environmental centers.
impact of RCTs.
Output Target Practices Farmers in Area under Policies for
2011: South Asia, DSR and promoting
Comprehensive private RCTs RCTs
package for DSR sector, expands. developed and
and other RCTs NARES, other recommended
for wider research .
dissemination. centers.
Output Target Other kinds Farmers in Improved Scientists
2011: Calibrated of South Asia, climate adopt refined
methodology for knowledge private change methodologies
IGP impact sector, database for
analysis of NARES, other and downscaling
climate change research simulation the climate
using simulation centers. model data.
models, remote available for Risk of climate
sensing and GIS. better change on
planning and
crop
developing
productivity
the risk identified.
mitigation
strategies.
Output 2:
Accelerate
adoption of
resource-
conserving
technologies
(RCTs). All
stakeholders
involved in
accelerating the
pace of
development and
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 152 of 210
adoption of RCTs
using farmer
participatory
approaches in the
IGP.
Output Target Practices NARS, CGIAR Farmers Greater
2008: RCT researchers, gain acceptance of
options and farmer understandin direct-seeded
diversification associations. g of benefits rice practices
practices refined of RCTs and doing away
and promoted in weed with puddle,
the eastern IGP management transplanted
and Central India. for direct- rice.
seeded rice.
Underutilized
lands at
selected
sites benefit
from
technology
targeting.
Output Target Practices NARS, CGIAR Farmers Greater
2008: Weeds in researchers, gain acceptance of
direct-seeded rice farmer understandin direct-seeded
cropping for associations g of benefits rice practices
eastern IGP of RCTs and doing away
managed. weed with puddle,
management transplanted
for direct- rice.
seeded rice.
Underutilized
lands at
selected
sites benefit
from
technology
targeting.
Output Target Other kinds Farmers in Rental Policy makers
2009: Farmers of South Asia, services of sensitized
participatory knowledge private new about the
trials on sector customized benefits of
integrated crop companies, machines for RCTs.
management NARES, RCTs Enhanced
(ICM) involving CGIAR, other become
adoption of
relevant RCTs in research increasingly
RCTS leading
the IGP, and centers. popular in to improved
dissemination the IGP.
livelihood,
through Better better
information and
understandin environment
communication
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 153 of 210
technology (ICT). g of links and higher
between income.
agriculture
Lower cost of
practices and
production,
sustainability
. higher income
and
RCTs expand employment.
in the IGP
and central
India.
Output Target Practices Farmers in Suitable Stable farm
2010: Fine-tuned South Asia, RCTs are production
RCTs for risk- private promoted to and higher
prone areas sector risk prone income in risk
(flood or drought) companies, and climate prone and
of the IGP and NARES, change adverse
central India for CGIAR, other hotspot climatic
scaling up to research areas. conditions.
other risk-prone centers.
areas.
Output Target Practices Farmers in Suitable Stable farm
2010: Adapted South Asia, RCTs are production
agronomic and private promoted to and higher
crop management sector risk prone income in risk
practices to companies, and climate prone and
address climate NARES, change adverse
change. CGIAR, other hotspot climatic
research areas. conditions.
centers.
Output Target Practices Farmers in Reduced risk Stable farm
2011: RCTs South Asia, and more production
promoted for risk private adaptation and higher
and climate sector to climate income in risk
change prone companies, change due prone and
areas using ICT. NARES, to enhanced adverse
CGIAR, other adoption of climatic
research RCTs. conditions.
centers. Expansion of
double zero-
tillage area.
Output 3:
Prudent
management of
the RWC by
strengthening the
capacity of
partners to conduct
research for
sustainable
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 154 of 210
intensification and
diversification of
rice-wheat systems
and make
information on
RCTs available to
users.
Output Target Other kinds NARSs, Improved Line
2008: Spatial of farmers, targeting of departments
knowledge knowledge CGIAR and RWC in NARSs
database for bio other research. focus local
physical and socio researchers. Knowledge developmental
economic shared plans on the
indicators among new RCTs in
created. stakeholders specific
. Information locations in
disseminated the eastern
through IGP and
publications, Central India.
training
materials,
website,
Radio, TV
and press.
RCT farmers
and
manufacture
rs directory
created on
the web for
on-line
surveys,
interviews
for impact
assessment.
Output Target Other kinds NARS, CGIAR Improved Line
2008: of scientists and targeting of departments
Technology knowledge policy RWC in NARSs
knowledge makers/plan research. focus local
sharing ners. Knowledge developmental
mechanisms shared plans on the
tested. among new RCTs in
stakeholders specific
. Information locations in
disseminated the eastern
through IGP and
publications, Central India.
training
materials,
website,
Radio, TV
and press.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 155 of 210
RCT farmers
and
manufacture
rs directory
created on
the web for
on-line
surveys,
interviews
for impact
assessment.
Output Target Other kinds NARES, Knowledge Line
2009: Geo- of CGIAR shared departments
referenced knowledge scientists and among in NARES base
database for bio- policy stakeholders their local
physical and socio makers/plan and developmental
economic ners. information plans on the
indicators in the disseminated new RCTs and
IGP for NARES through begin to use
and other publications, techniques for
collaborators. training enhancing
materials, productivity in
website, risk-prone
radio, TV areas.
and press.
RCT farmers
and
manufacture
rs directory
created on
the web for
on-line
surveys,
interviews
for impact
assessment.
Output Target Other kinds NARES, Knowledge Line
2009: Knowledge of CGIAR shared departments
on technology knowledge scientists and among in NARES base
and markets. policy stakeholders their local
makers/plan and developmental
ners. information plans on the
disseminated new RCTs and
through begin to use
publications, techniques for
training enhancing
materials, productivity in
website, risk-prone
radio, TV areas.
and press.
RCT farmers
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 156 of 210
and
manufacture
rs directory
created on
the web for
on-line
surveys,
interviews
for impact
assessment.
Output Target Capacity NARES, Knowledge Research and
2010: CGIAR on new RCTs extension
Strengthened scientists, disseminated staff use up-
linkages among policy and farmers’ to-date
farmers, NARES, makers/plan feedback technology
international ners, captured and local
institutes, NGOs farmers. using departments
and private modern ICT. base their
partners. development
plans on the
new RCTs and
begin to use
techniques for
enhancing
productivity.
Output Target Other kinds NARES, Knowledge Research and
2010: Enhanced of CGIAR on new RCTs extension
web-based knowledge scientists, disseminated staff use up-
knowledge policy and farmers’ to-date
sharing portal to makers/plan feedback technology
identify and ners, captured and local
control problems farmers. using departments
(e.g., weeds). modern ICT. base their
development
plans on the
new RCTs and
begin to use
techniques for
enhancing
productivity.
Output Target Capacity NARES, Knowledge NARES staff
2011: ICT-based CGIAR on new RCTs use up-to-
knowledge scientists, disseminated date
sharing with policy and farmer’s technology
NARES, NGOs, makers/plan feedback and farmers
private partners ners, captured adopt the new
and farmers. farmers. using RCTs and
modern ICT. begin to use
techniques for
enhancing
productivity in
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 157 of 210
risk-prone
areas.
Output Target Capacity NARES, More efficient
2011: Certified CGIAR Standardized extension/deli
Crop Advisor scientists, certified crop very
Program. policy advisor mechanism in
makers/plan program. place.
ners,
farmers.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 158 of 210
ANNEXES
Implementation of EPMR/CPER Recommendations
1. The Panel recommends that IRRI stimulate the global community to establish gene-trait
linkages in carefully selected germplasm in a targeted way, as rapidly as possible, for
purposes of plant improvement, making results available to all. IRRI should report to the
Board of Trustees by April 2005 on its progress in implementing this initiative with its
partners.
April 2005 update: April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update:
Milestone: An international
consortium established to
provide a public resource
platform and broaden
access to genetic
resources and genomic
technologies.
Progress: The IRFGC was formed in Ongoing Ongoing After 5 years,
2003 Hei Leung
(www.iris.irri.org/IRFGC) turned over the
with IRRI as the IRFGC
coordinator. The first coordinator role
collective paper on rice to Dr. Gyn An of
mutant resource involving Pohang,
12 laboratories around the University of
world was published Science and
(Hirochika et al. 2004. Technology,
Plant Mol. Biol. 54:325- Korea. IRFGC
334). has adopted a
position to
rotate its
coordinator
every 2-3 years
to enable
different
members to
provide
leadership in
implementing
the agenda.
IRRI continues
to provide a
permanent
IRFGC
secretariat,
hosting the
website. As
IRFGC
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 159 of 210
coordinator, Dr.
An will host the
Sixth
International
Rice Functional
Genomics
Symposium in
Korea in
November
2008.
Completion: 2010 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing
Progress: The Consortium is The first phase of Two key The Rice SNP
implemented through a the IRRI-USAID activities serve project
federal system of Linkage Program as the driver of continues to be
coordination and (2 years) has the IRFGC: a) the focal point
collaboration. As of 2004, produced results the Rice SNP of international
at least 14 projects that enable IRRI project collaboration
subscribe and contribute and its partners (elaborated under IRFGC.
to the objectives of to expand their below), and b) We are
IRFGC. These projects research scope IRRI-USAID developing an
include seven funded by by linking basic Linkage OryzaSNP2
the IRRI-USAID Linkage research to Program. project (phase 2
Program, two (Mutant practical of the OryzaSNP
Characterization and SNP applications. Key project) that
Initiative) by the results include i) We have will engage
Generation Challenge functional entered into the multi-
Program, and four validation of second phase of institutions to
(TILLING, Disease Mutant genes for the IRRI-USAID develop an
Gene Expression, submergence Linkage association
Microarray-based tolerance, ii) Program. In this genetics
Mapping, Small RNA) by identification of phase, there are platform with
the USDA NRI competitive genes in seven projects 2000 rice
grant program. ubiquitination covering genotypes
pathway for addressing subjected to
disease major biotic and high-resolution
resistance, iii) abiotic stresses. genotyping.
new candidate A majority of the
genes for salinity laboratories
tolerance, and iv) involved in The USAID
understanding of linkage projects Linkage
the antagonistic are able to Program
relationship secure continues to
between biotic additional support 7
and abiotic stress competitive projects at US
tolerance. It is grants from US universities that
noteworthy that federal funding are relevant to
the USDA-funded agencies gene discovery
project on (primarily US objectives of
Microarray-based Department of IRFGC.
mapping has Agriculture), However,
developed thus amplifying continuation of
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 160 of 210
genome-wide, the activities of this program
low-cost the Consortium. may be at risk
genotyping Initial results due to the
technique that include a) forecast
can be alignment of reduction in
implemented at expression funding from
IRRI and patterns USAID in 2008.
potentially at (candidate
other NARES genes) with QTL
research centers for salinity
as well. tolerance and,
b) successful
application of
insertion-
deletion
detection chips
in genotyping
germplasm and
genetic
mapping.
Completion: 200608 (most projects Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing
have 23 years duration)
April 2005 update: April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update:
Progress: In addition, under the Two national A planning
umbrella of IRFGC, IRRI workshops were workshop held
facilitated the formation of conducted in in late 2006 in
a national rice functional Indonesia to Indonesia has
genomics program in consider possible resulted in a
India with support from models of focused agenda
the Department of initiating a endorsed by
Biotechnology and the national network Indonesia-IRRI
Indian Council of to apply planning
Agricultural Research. functional meeting held in
Similar effort of facilitation genomics. This March 2007.
is being pursued in consultation This agenda
Indonesia. process will be include three
continued in the topics: a)
latter part of combining
2006. A similar submergence
effort will be tolerance with
pursued in disease
Vietnam in late resistance in
2006. tidal swamp
areas, b)
combining blast
resistance with
P-deficiency
tolerance in
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 161 of 210
upland areas,
and c) initiate
collaboration in
drought
tolerance
research.
Plan to develop
a similar
network in
Vietnam has not
yet started in
early 2007.
Considering the
incidence and
severity of virus
and insect
problems,
increased effort
to engaged
research
institutions in
Vietnam to
apply available
tools is expected
in the second
half of 2007.
Completion: 2006 Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing
Progress: IRRI initiated a SNP This initiative has On March 25, As of March
discovery project with leveraged 2007, we 2008, we have
Perlegen Sciences to support from the received the a draft
conduct comprehensive USDA completed SNP manuscript
SNP analysis of multiple competitive grant dataset from describing the
rice varieties. IRRI program to Perlegen OryzaSNP
invested strategic support the SNP Sciences. This project. The
research funds and discovery dataset includes analytical phase
leveraged support from component (in SNP data of the project
the Generation Challenge part) and covering about involves an
Program to re-sequence phenotyping of 100 Mb of the expanded group
15 to 20 diverse selected traits. genome in 20 of institutions,
accessions to create a As of May 2006, diverse rice including
public SNP database. The Perlegen lines. In total, different
SNP initiative has Sciences has about 260,000 departments at
mobilized the rice evaluated pilot SNP were the Max Planck
research community to DNA samples identified from Institute,
contribute funds (through provided by IRRI, the Cornell
proposal development) whereas IRRI has experiments, University, and
and expertise to expand prepared the yielding an Michigan State
the project. sequence average of 2.6 University.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 162 of 210
assembly SNP per kb for a
(masking given pair of rice
repetitive genotypes. The This OryzaSNP
elements) for diversity and project has
chip preparation genetic provided the
by Perlegen. IRRI relationships basis for the
will send DNA of among international
varieties by mid- genotypes as research
May to Perlegen revealed by the community to
Sciences for SNP dataset begin the
hybridization agree well with development of
analysis. known an association
characteristics of genetics
the three major platform for
rice types establishing
(indica, causal
japonica, and relationship
aus). This large between genes
dataset is being and
analyzed by a phenotypes.
team of The first step of
scientists at such a platform
IRRI, Colorado is to have high-
State University, resolution (SNP
The Institute for level)
Genome genotypes of
Research 2000 diverse
(TIGR), and the rice lines. We
Max Planck are mobilizing
Institute- resources from
Tubingen. the IRFGC and
other interested
parties,
including the
private sector to
contribute to
this effort.
To mobilize the To enable
research genetic analysis,
community to IRRI has made
participate in this crosses with
initiative, a these SNP lines
commentary on to produce
Sequencing mapping
multiple and populations. The
diverse rice generation of
varieties: the SNP dataset
connecting has also
whole-genome attracted
variation with different groups
phenotypes will to volunteer
be published in analysis of the
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 163 of 210
Plant Physiology, diverse rice lines
Vol. 141 (May for different
issue, 2006). traits.
Completion: 2006 We expect the SNP discovery in Completed
first set of SNP 20 rice lines was
data by the end completed in
of 2006. March 2007. The
results will lead
to the next
phase of
analysis and
applications.
April 2005 update: April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update:
Milestone: Fifth International Rice Fourth Fifth Sixth
Genetics Symposium and International International International
Third International Rice Rice Functional Rice Functional Rice Functional
Functional Genomics Genomics Genomics Genomics
Symposium. Symposium to be Symposium to Symposium to
held October 911 be held in be held in
in Montpellier. October 15-17, November 10-
2007 in 12, 2008, in
Tsukuba, Japan. Jeju, Korea.
Progress: IRRI will host both IRRI Meetings were
symposia in Manila during representatives held as planned
November 1923, where participated in in 2005 and
we expect over 500 of the program 2006.
worlds prominent rice and planning. More
plant geneticists to than 700
assemble to discuss attended.
international collaboration
following the complete
sequencing of the rice
genome
(http://www.irri.org/rg5/).
Completion: 2005 2006 Completed Completed
2.The Panel recommends that IRRI link the work currently carried out in Project 5 with the
challenge of achieving higher yields in the most intensive production systems in the context
of diminishing water supplies. Further, IRRI should extend its modeling and GIS research to
optimize water-saving technologies at the irrigation scheme level to provide options for
water allocation.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 164 of 210
April 2005 April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update: update:
Milestone: Physiology of and In general, the old
breeding/selection MTP-project 5
of cultivars that activities are now
have high yield integrated with
potentials and do the work on
well under water- achieving high
limited conditions. yields in intensive
production
systems in IRRI’s
new MTP program
2, output 2.
Progress: We have identified Aerobic rice. Elite Breeding of No new
three varieties aerobic rice tropical aerobic milestones to
(Apo, Magat, and breeding lines and rice varieties is report this year;
UPLRI-5.7) that cultivars with a continuing under breeding and
-1
yield 6 t ha for high level of IRRI’s new MTP variety selection
aerobic conditions tolerance of soil program 1 Beside under non-
in the Philippines. health problems in screening for mild flooded conditions
Variety PBRc80 light-textured soils drought tolerance is continuing. We
yields as high as (IR78877-208 and under (irrigated) established a new
IR72 (a high-yield CT6510-24-1-2) aerobic trial testing IR64
lowland rice variety) were selected. conditions, we are NILs under
in flooded Many lines with screening for alternate wetting
conditions and has aerobic yield tolerance against and drying
stable yield under potential equivalent soil health conditions at the
aerobic conditions to that of elite problems IRRI farm, and a
or under alternate aerobic rice variety (especially promising subset
wetting-and-drying Apo but 710 days nematodes, but is being tested at
irrigation. Studies shorter in duration maybe including different locations
on the physiology of have been fungi, and abiotic in the Philippines
this high- developed and stresses such as with NARES
performance disseminated to (micro-)nutrient partners.
germplasm are NARES in India, deficiencies).
being undertaken. Laos, and the Promising lines
Philippines. are identified and Breeding of
further tested in aerobic varieties
agronomic field continues as
trials. planned.
Alternate wetting We analyzed the
and drying. Hybrid physiology to high
cultivars, notably performance
IR80228H and under AWD,
IR77843H, were including the
shown to shoot-root ratio
consistently and root
outyield pure lines, distribution under
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 165 of 210
on average, in different water
irrigation regimes regime. The
in which paddies results will soon
were drained at be published.
flowering,
combining high
yield potential with
superior
performance under
restricted irrigation.
Hybrids appear to
be a very promising
approach to
increasing rice
water-use
efficiency. Several
pure lines
performed
relatively well
under the AWD
regime, including
IR77080-B-34-1-1
and IR77080-B-34-
1-3, but yielded
about 20% less
than the best
hybrids under both
stress and
nonstress
conditions.
Completion: 2007 Completed
April 2005 April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update: update:
Milestone: Methodology for
modeling and GIS
to analyze water-
saving scenarios
and their effect on
system-level
hydrology and
water allocation.
Progress: We have used Together with ORYZA2000 was ORYZA2000 was
ORYZA2000 to CSIRO (Australia) used to further used to develop
explore different and IWMI, we explore the effect irrigation
water-saving presented several of environmental management
options for rice papers describing conditions scenarios for
cultivation in two the methodology (groundwater, different soil
irrigation systems in for modeling and rainfall, soil type) types and
China. The outputs GIS to analyze on water-saving weather
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 166 of 210
from ORYZA2000 water-saving irrigation conditions using
were linked to a scenarios and their strategies in aerobic rice in the
GIS-based regional effect on system- lowland rice and North China Plain
hydrology model level hydrology and aerobic rice in LIS (accepted paper
(from CSIRO, water allocation at irrigation system by Irrigation
Australia) of the the International in China. Results Science).
whole irrigation Commission on were published in
systems to identify Irrigation and two international
the impact of water Drainage (ICID) Journal papers. The mapping of
savings on system congress in the Global Water
water balance September 2005 in Footprint (linking
components. We Beijing. Using the Together with of ORYZA2000,
are in the process of outputs of the IWMI, We GOS, and a
using the models to models for two published the number of
have dialogues with irrigation systems, policies lessons databases) was
system managers we organized a learnt from our finished and
and water resource high-level dialogue studies on water published as
policymakers in the with national water savings at the two thesis report from
two systems to resource diverse irrigation Twente
study different policymakers and systems (the University.
scenarios of water system managers Zhanghe
allocation. to recommend Irrigation System,
water-saving ZIS in Zhangzhe
options and policies river basin; and An international
of water allocation. Liuyuankou modeling mini-
We highlighted that Irrigation System workshop was
the on-farm water in Yellow River organized at IRRI
savings (such as basin). The with participants
alternate wetting- results show, from modeling
and-drying perhaps groups in
irrigation, AWD) surprisingly, that Australia
must be integrated the institutional (APSRU),
with subsystem- or arrangements Netherlands
system-level that have evolved (WU), France
intervention. For in the water (CIRAD), and
example, in the abundant ZIS Japan. Workplans
Zhanghe Irrigation system are more were developed
System, ZIS, conductive to to further
management of water savings. improve
local storages ORYZA2000 to
(ponds) will provide include new
an essential insights on
support for AWD. In Two new activities drought processes
the Liuyuankou have been (led by IRRI), and
Irrigation System, initiated in linking to develop a
AWD helps reduce crop modeling and continuous soil
the recharge to the GIS at river basin nitrogen balance
groundwater and and global scale: under rice-nonrice
conjunctive use of cropping
groundwater and 1. Spatial maps sequences in the
surface water is are being APSIM framework
essential in produced to show (led by APSR).
reducing the potentials for
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 167 of 210
nonbeneficial aerobic rice (yield,
evaporation from irrigation water
shallow requirements, IRRI will recruit in
groundwater. water 2008 a crop
productivity) in modeler at IRS
the North China level to further
Plain, and the develop
potentials for ORYZA2000 with
alternate wetting insights in abiotic
and drying stresses (drought,
(yields, water high and low
savings, irrigation temperature).
requirements) for
lowland rice in the
Yangtze Basin
2. In collaboration
with Twente
University
(Netherlands), the
global water
footprint and
virtual water
trade volumes of
rice were
calculated.
Both activities will
be refined in
2007-08.
April 2005 April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update: update:
A recent report
from the Ministry of
Water Resources in
China showed that
AWD has been
adopted more
widely in China.
Our
recommendations
have been adopted
in the 11th-five-
year planning for
modernization and
rehabilitation of
irrigation systems
in Henan, aiming at
integrated surface
water and
groundwater
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 168 of 210
management, so
that surface water
from the Yellow
River can be sent
downstream of the
systems.
Completion: 2006 Completed
3.The Panel recommends that IRRI include the results of ex ante impact studies in
unfavorable environments in its priority-setting exercises. The existing evidence indicates
that less emphasis should be placed on uplands with low production potential and more
emphasis is needed on rice-based cropping systems along the toposequence and favorable
nonflooded rice systems.
April 2005 April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update: update:
Milestone: Ex ante analysis of
impact of research
investments in
uplands and
lowlands.
Progress: This analysis is An initial analysis
included in the of the potential for
agenda of IRRI’s impact in uplands
strategic planning was conducted and
to be held in reported in the
2005. IRRI upland
strategy paper
prepared in 2005.
The paper analyzed
the extent of
poverty and
household food
insecurity in the
uplands, the total
area under upland
rice-based systems
and the number of
people dependent
on uplands for
their livelihoods,
the technologies
currently available
and those in the
pipeline, and the
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 169 of 210
importance of rice
productivity growth
in uplands in
facilitating the
process of income
and environmental
protection. It was
concluded that
investment in rice
research in uplands
undertaken within
the concept of
landscape
management could
generate
substantial impact
on poverty
reduction and
environmental
protection.
An independent IRRI has included We decided not to
external review of the research on carry out a formal
IRRI’s upland upland systems as ex-ante analysis
research Output 4 in given the
commissioned by Program 1. To opportunity cost of
the Science Council enhance the our limited
in late 2005 impact, IRRI has unrestricted
conducted further adopted the resources and
analysis and perspective of rice staffing
concluded that rice landscape constraints. In
research in uplands management which addition, we feel
has good potential involves the that good field-
for making development of level data on both
considerable rice technologies biophysical and
impact on poverty suited to both socio-economic
reduction and sloping areas and parameters across
environmental irrigated lowlands these production
protection. The within the broader environments
review upland domain. needed for a
recommended that The current rigorous ex-ante
IRRI should stay research is guided analysis are
involved in rice by this changed currently lacking.
research in perspective from Such data will be
uplands. upland rice to rice generated as a
in uplands. part of our
recently approved
grants on abiotic
stress from the
Government of
Japan and by the
Bill & Melinda
Gates Foundation.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 170 of 210
In fact, ex-ante
impact assessment
has been built into
these grants and
will be carried out
as an integral
activity.
April 2005 April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update: update:
We plan to Prioritization was
undertake in 2007 carried out as a
an ex ante impact part of the
assessment for development of
estimating returns strategic plan
from investments 2007-15. Although
in rice research in this exercise did
uplands vis-à-vis not involve a full-
drought-prone and fledged ex ante
submergence- impact assessment,
prone lowlands, research priorities
taking into account across rainfed rice
investments made, ecosystems
technologies in the (drought-prone
pipeline, lowlands,
extrapolation submergence-
domains of the prone lowlands and
technologies, uplands) were
expected time established in the
pattern of light of the
adoption, and their potential for impact
effect on reducing on poverty
the unit cost of reduction and the
production. probability of
research success
given the scientific
achievements
made so far and
are likely to be
made. The MTP
Program 1 has
included these
three sub-
ecosystems as
separate outputs
and the resource
allocation reflects
the relative
priority. Additional
information on the
potential impact of
drought mitigation
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 171 of 210
on poverty
reduction is
available from a
study recently
completed by IRRI.
Similarly,
potentials for
impact from the
use of landscape-
management
approach in
uplands are being
evaluated through
externally-funded
projects that are
currently being
implemented.
Overall, we believe
that the relative
priorities indicated
in the IRRI MTP for
these three sub-
ecosystems are in
conformity with the
available evidence
and with IRRI’s
strategic plan.
Based on these
considerations, a
full-fledged ex ante
impact assessment
is postponed to a
later date.
Completion: April 2006 2007 Postponed Carried over to
ongoing
research
4.The Panel recommends that activities on Constraints to adoption of improved rice
technologies assessed in Project 10 and the entire Project 11 be transferred to Programs 2
and 3, while the rest of the activities in Project 10 be done in a new stand-alone Project,
with Program 4 being dissolved.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 172 of 210
April 2005 April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update: update:
Milestone: Transfer of Project
11 to Program 3.
Progress: Project 11 was Accomplished, no Accomplished, no Accomplished, no
amalgamated with update needed. update needed. update needed.
Project 8 of
Program 3 at the
start of 2005.
Completion: Accomplished. Accomplished Accomplished Accomplished
Milestone: Relocation of
Projects 10 and 12,
and determination
of the
need/dissolution of
Program 4.
Progress: Analysis of this is In the MTP The MTP 2007- MTP2008-2010
included in the 20072009, 2009 was published in June
agenda of IRRI’s activities related to launched in 2007.
strategic planning Project 10 will be January 2007.
to be held in 2005 included in a new
and the subsequent Program 7, Rice
development of a policy support and
new MTP. impact assessment
for rice research.
This program
includes the
analysis of broader
trends in the rice
sector to serve as
the basis for
research
prioritization. It
also includes the
analysis of farmer
livelihoods for
underpinning
technology
development and
impact
assessment. In
addition, broader
methodology
development for
facilitating rapid
diffusion and
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 173 of 210
dissemination of
improved
technologies is
included in the
program. Analyses
of constraints to
adoption have
been moved to
new Programs 1
and 2. Activities
related to
information
dissemination (part
of the current
Project 12) have
been moved to
new Program 6
(Information and
communication:
convening a global
rice research
community).
Completion: April 2006 For implementation Completed Completed
in January 2007
5.The Panel recommends that IRRI establish a forum of rice-growing countries with the
purpose of financing and revitalizing INGER.
April 2005 April 2006 April 2007 March 2008 update:
update: update: update:
Milestone: IPR training-
workshop and
Technical
Advisory
Committee (TAC)
meeting
conducted.
Progress: IPR training- IPR training- A new INGER An INGER TAC meeting
workshop workshop using Coordinator, was convened in Thailand
conducted jointly the IRRI-INGER Dr. Ed Redoa, in May 2007 to discuss
with UPOV. edition of the was ways to revitalize INGER
Regional IPGRI-ISNAR appointed in and recommend these to
cooperation on training module September the CORRA during its
DUST established. conducted in 2006. September 2007 meeting
New mode of 2005. in Vietnam. The strategies
sharing International discussed included the
germplasm and Nursery of planned use of molecular
linking with other Example Varieties marker technology to
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 174 of 210
projects discussed for DUST barcode and better-
in the TAC organized for characterize INGER-
meeting. distribution in nominated germplasm,
2006. use of ICT to expedite
data/information
processing and knowledge
dissemination, and the
coordination by INGER of
the Rice Breeding Courses
to train the next
generation of rice
breeders and promote
interactions/collaborations
among them. For the
latter, 46 rice breeders
from 21 countries were
trained in 2 courses
offered in 2007 in
collaboration with the
Global Initiative on Plant
Breeding Capacity
Building.
Completion: 2004 Ongoing Ongoing Completed
Milestone: Formation of
regional INGER
clusters.
Progress: For discussion in CORRA endorsed A A survey of germplasm
the CORRA i) the formation of reassessment needs and priorities
meeting in 2005. INGER clusters, ii) of NARES among CORRA members
the use of the germplasm was conducted in 2007
International needs was and results were
Treaty on Plant suggested at discussed in the 2007
Genetic Resources the 2006 INGER TAC meeting as
for Food and CORRA basis for composition of
Agricultures meeting INGER nurseries. The
Standard MTA (regional global approach towards
when it becomes clustering nursery composition for
available for all deferred). major ecosystems and
INGER distributed biotic/abiotic stresses was
germplasm, and endorsed while taking
iii) the cognizance of region-
conservation of specific germplasm
highlighted INGER needs, strengths, and
materials in the opportunities.
International Rice
Genebank at
IRRI. On the latter, INGER
activities were integrated
with/linked to regional
efforts/projects such as
the Temperate Rice
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 175 of 210
Research Consortium (for
temperate/cold
tolerant/japonica-based
rices for East Asia,
Central Asia and the Near
East), Abiotic Stress
Tolerant Rice project (for
South Asia and Africa),
and the Japan-funded
Submergence Tolerance
Rice project (for South
East Asia). Germplasm
exchange and linkages
with INGER activities in
other regions such as
Africa (thru WARDA) and
Latin America (thru CIAT)
were likewise
strengthened directly and
thru the IRRI-CIAT-
WARDA Alignment
initiative.
Completion: CORRA CORRA Continuing Continuing
monitoring/review monitoring/review
of INGER is a of INGER is a
continuing continuing
activity. activity.
Milestone: Regional meetings
and training
INGER East Asia,
INGER Southeast
Asia, INGER
South Asia,
INGER Central
Asia.
Progress: INGER East Asia Germplasm for Germplasm INGER materials
Exploratory INGER East Asia sent to East (nurseries and special
meeting sent to northern Asian sets) were sent to
conducted in China and a group countries and countries in East Asia,
2005. Other meeting to be Central Asia Central Asia and
INGER regional held in August and Caucasus Caucasus, Southeast
clusters discussed 2006. Formation through Asia, and South Asia in
in 2005 TAC of INGER Central ICARDA in 2007. Nurseries and
meeting. Asia to be 2006. special sets were also
explored in 2006. composed and dispatched
to Africa and Latin
America.
Briefings on the INGER-
facilitated germplasm
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 176 of 210
exchange, the
International Treaty of
Plant Genetic Resources
for Food and Agriculture,
and the Standard Material
Transfer Agreement
(SMTA) were also held for
INGER cooperators from
East Asia (during the
TRRC meeting in Korea,
and the INGER-GUVA
Meeting in China), South
and Southeast Asia
(during the INGER TAC
meeting in Thailand,
CORRA meeting in
Vietnam, CURE meeting
in Lao PDR, and AICRIP
meeting in India), and
during meetings held
individually with groups of
NARES scientists from
Indonesia, India, China,
Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and
Vietnam.
Completion: To be started in Continuing Continuing Continuing
2006 (will be a
continuing
activity).
6.The Panel recommends that IRRI commission a study, based on the vision of IRRI’s role in
515 years, to assess the relative merits of the current model with some outreach activities,
and the majority of scientists in headquarters, as compared with a model with increased
outreach research staff in all those rice-producing countries where close proximity and
visible presence are deemed necessary.
April 2005 April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update: update:
Milestones: 1. TOR developed
and approved
2. Committee
members
identified
3. Review
implemented and
published
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 177 of 210
4. Responses
developed and
presented to IRRI
Management and
Board
5. Responses
implemented
Progress: IRRI has moved A plan has been The opening of the No change in the
quickly on this developed to regional office for decision about the
achieving full establish three IRRI South Asia (SA) has regional office for
completion of Regional Offices been held in SA.
steps 1, 2, 3 and with IRS and NRS abeyance pending
4 and partial staff. These will be the outcome and
completion of 5. Regional Offices for experiences from
(1) the Greater the GMS and ESA
Mekong Subregion regional offices.
(GMS) to cover
Vietnam, Cambodia,
Laos, Thailand,
Myanmar, and the
Yunnan and
Guangxi provinces
of China; (2) South
Asia, covering
India, Bangladesh,
Pakistan, Nepal, Sri
Lanka, and Bhutan;
and (3) East and
southern Africa with
priorities on
Tanzania,
Mozambique,
Madagascar,
Uganda, and Kenya.
Dr. Gary Jahn was The regional office After reassessing
appointed as the in Vientiane was the need, function,
Regional officially and activities of the
Representative for inaugurated in GMS regional hub,
the GMS Regional February 2007. In in view of current
Office and has been addition, an IRS MTP, budget
posted to Vientiane Agronomist (Ben situation, IRRI
since July 2005. An Samson) is now decided to suspend
IRS agronomist has posted in Luang the implementation
been appointed and Prabang, Laos. of the GMS regional
will be posted to hub. Due to the
Luang Prabang proximity of the
(Laos) in May 2006. GMS and the IRRI
HQ, the HQ itself
can accomplish
most if not all tasks
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 178 of 210
of the GMS. The
interactions among
the NARES within
the region and
countries are
greatly facilitated
by IRRI’s active
consortia such as
CURE and IRRC.
The present set up
in GMS does not
give it a critical
mass to achieve the
respective goals.
The need for
establishing the Hub
will be reconsidered
when there is a
large regional
project that can
fund a critical mass
of scientists out
posted in the region
(such as the case of
the ESA regional
hub, below).
Dr. Glenn Gregorio, Ongoing On going. Dr. Glenn
plant breeder, was Gregorio is officially
posted to the appointed as IRRI-
WARDA research WARDA Liaison
station at Ibadan, Scientist
Nigeria, in January
2006.
April 2005 April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update: update:
Mr. Joe Rickman, With strong support The ESA Regional
senior agricultural from government of Office in Maputo,
engineer and rice Mozambique and Mozambique is fully
production the opportunity of functional to
specialist, will be collaboration with implement projects
posted to Dar es the private sector funded by the Bill &
Salaam, Tanzania (AQUIFER) in Melinda Gates
as the IRRI developing the rice Foundation and
Regional industry model in IFAD.
Representative for the country, IRRI
the ESA region in Management
September 2006. decided to base the
ESA Regional Office
in Maputo,
Mozambique. The
office opened in
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 179 of 210
September 2006 at
the Mozambique
Agricultural
Research Institute
(IIAM), and Mr.
Rickman moved to
Maputo as IRRI’s
Regional
Representative.
There will be 8 IRS As of April 2007, As of March 2008,
researchers and/or there are 8 IRS the number of out-
regional researchers/regiona posted IRS
representatives and l/country researchers/regiona
5 liaison scientists representatives and l/country
posted in the 3 fulltime/part time representatives
countries, liaison scientists in increased to 11 and
representing 11% the countries. A fulltime/part time
of the total IRS basic framework for liaison scientists in
(122) of the IRRI’s the countries to 6.
Institute in April representation and The number of out-
2006. operation support posted staff may
systems in the increase when more
countries has been regional projects
established. The are funded. The
modus operandi will modus operandi will
need to evolve evolve continuously
continuously to be to be optimal.
optimal.
Completion December 2006 Completed Completed
:
7.The Panel recommends that, annually, the Nominating Committee develop a List of
Trustee Competencies required by IRRI over the next 5 years and, on approval by the
Board, develop its list of potential candidates accordingly. This list should also be a key input
in the Boards decision as to whether a second term should be offered to current trustees up
for re-election. Automatic second-term election, even when there are no adverse
circumstances suggesting otherwise, should not be the norm.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 180 of 210
April 2005 April 2006 update: April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update:
Milestone: Nominating
Committee draft
paper on trustee
competencies for
the next five
years submitted
for approval in
September 2005
Board meeting.
Progress: Nominating A review of the profile With the No further update
Committee draft of the IRRI Board of impending necessary.
paper was Trustees for the last completion of the
discussed in the five years was terms of 3 Board
Sept 2004 undertaken. In view members by
meeting of the of IRRI’s new December 2007,
board. strategic plan, the the Nominating
Refinements are trustee competencies Committee
being considered should include reviewed the
by the committee. bioinformatics, ICT, profile of the IRRI
genetics/plant Board of Trustees
breeding, crop and from 1995-2007.
soil science, crop Following the
protection, trustee
water/environmental competencies
science, social developed based
science, governance, on the new IRRI
finance/management, strategic plan,
and other related new members of
fields. Balance in the Board were
geographical elected from a list
representation and of candidates
gender will be submitted.
considered.
Completion: April 2006 Completed Completed
8. The Panel recommends that IRRI provide all members of the Finance and Audit
Committee with
i. a monthly cash flow forecast for the ensuing 6 months;
ii. monthly income and expenditure statements (with actual-vs.-budget comparisons and
commentary);
iii. quarterly reports on project costs and revenue highlighting those where cost under-
/overruns exceed 10% and articulating what management is doing to resolve the issues;
and
iv. monthly reports on investment income compared to budgeted income.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 181 of 210
All Board members should receive this same information on a quarterly basis, and all these
reports should be available to Board members within 20 days of the end of the reporting
period.
April 2005 update: April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update:
Progress: As stated in IRRI’s Quarterly reports Quarterly reports Quarterly reports
response to this are still being are still being are still being
recommendation, issued to the issued to the issued to the
the quarterly Board. Board. Board.
financial report to
the Board has been
enhanced to include
the additional items
recommended by
the Panel. The
enhanced report is
being issued as
planned, four times
a year.
Completion: Completed Completed Completed Completed
9. The Panel recommends that IRRI develop updated Investment Portfolio Guidelines that
cover the broad spectrum of portfolio management guidelines typically addressed, including
maturities; types of instruments; risk assessment, risk management, and reporting;
benchmarking arrangements; currency hedging arrangements; and the risk and portfolio
reporting procedures for the FAC and the Board, for the external and internal auditors, and
for management.
April 2005 April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update: update:
Progress: A new investment The policy The policy The policy
policy has been guideline guideline guideline continues
approved by the continues to be in continues to be in to be in use.
Board after wide use. use.
consultation.
The final document
was approved on
April 15, 2005.
Completion: Document is Completed Completed Completed
completed and is
now in use.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 182 of 210
10. The Panel recommends that Programs 2 and 3 become the flagships of IRRI’s research
effort, with strong and articulate leaders, who should prioritize and implement integrated
research within their assigned ecosystems. They will be IRRI’s representatives in the
Programs research consortia and will be the spokespersons for their respective Programs.
The leaders have the following tasks:
i. When setting priorities, they should evaluate alternative approaches to alleviating poverty
problems in their ecosystems, and recommend changes to project structure as needed.
ii.In implementing the research, they should control the GOC and FTE inputs, and thus may
negotiate for human resources from all divisions as needed.
iii. At particular milestones during or at the close of their research, they should sponsor
studies of the impact of their work.
April 2005 April 2006 April 2007 March 2008
update: update: update: update:
Milestones: 1. Support and
active participation
by the member-
country NARES,
indicated by new
projects or
initiatives funded
by the NARES or
contributions in
kind.
2. Continued or
new support by
donors to the
consortia.
3. Project review
or impact
assessment on the
consortia as a
whole or the
component
technologies or
activities in the
target countries.
4. Clearly stated
functions and
responsibilities of
the program
leaders or the
consortia
coordinators in the
context of IRRI’s
new strategic plan
and the new MTP,
to be developed in
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 183 of 210
early 2006.
Progress: Strong support and IRRI is Dr. David Mackill Programs 1 and 2
commitment implementing was appointed as continue to evolve
received from the essentially the Program Leader and grow as
member country recommendation of for Program 1, IRRI’s research
NARES to the two the EPMR and effective January flagship programs.
consortia in establishing two 15, 2007. He was A large project on
Programs 2 and 3 Flagship programs also appointed as
Stress tolerant
indicated through under the new IRRI the CURE
rice for Africa and
the project strategic plan, Coordinator at the
South Asia
development which was endorsed CURE Steering recently funded by
meetings and the by the IRRI Board Committee
Bill & Melinda
new proposals at its April 2006 meeting held in
Gates Foundations
submitted to meeting. The MTP March 2007. This (BMGF) falls under
donors. 2007-2009 under provides
the Program 1
the new strategic streamlined umbrella.
plan will have 7 coordination for
New funding from Programs. Program Program 1 and Program 2 is
SDC for IRRC 1, Raising CURE which is the working on a
under Program 2 productivity in main partnership proposal South
and from ADB for rainfed and product Asia Cereal
CURE under environments: delivery Systems Initiative
Program 3 attacking the roots mechanism for the (SACSI) to be
successfully of poverty, and Program. submitted for joint
achieved for four Program 2, Dr. Achim funding by the
more years Sustaining BMGF and USAID.
Dobermann was
(200508). productivity in
appointed as
intensive rice-based Dr Achim
Program Leader of
systems: rice and Program 2 after an Dobermann has
the environment, been selected for
open search
The new strategic evolved from the the DDG-R
process. He will
planning exercise earlier MTP position, effective
join IRRI on
is under way, Programs 2 and 3, 1April 2008; IRRI
September 1,
which is expected and will be the two will appoint a new
2007. He will also
to lead to a new Flagship programs. PL for Program 2
be the Project
Institute strategic and Project
Under the revised Leader of the
plan and a new Leader of IPSA.
IRRI research IRRI-CIMMYT
MTP.
management Alliance Project on
matrix system to Intensive
achieve the new Production
strategic plan, the Systems in Asia
program leaders (IPSA).
will be accountable
for achieving the The research
outputs and product management
delivery. They will matrix has been
be responsible for refined as part of
research planning, the IRRI Business
priority setting, Plan which was
budgeting, resource endorsed by the
mobilization, IRRI Board at its
April 2007
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 184 of 210
project monitoring meeting.
and evaluation, as
well as team
building and staff
evaluation and
motivation. This will
be congruent to the
EPMR
recommendation.
1. IRRI new
strategic plan
developed and
endorsed by the
IRRI Board.
2. A revised and
improved research
management
matrix system put
in place with
corresponding
administrative and
staff management
policies and
regulations
developed at the
Institute.
Completion: IRRI new strategic For 1 above, June Completed Completed
plan and a new 15, 2006
MTP will be For 2, December
developed by April 2006 to March 2007
2006. Review and
impact assessment
of the programs
will occur in 2008.
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 185 of 210
FINANCING PLAN
IRRI-Table 1: Allocation of Project Costs by Priority Area and Priorities, 2009
in $millions
Priority Area 1 Priority Area 2 Priority Area 4 Priority Area 5 Non-Priority Area
New
Resear Stand-
ch alone
Project 1A 1B 2A 2B 2C 2D 4A 4B 4C 4D 5A 5B 5C 5D Areas Training Total
Program 1: Raising
productivity in rainfed
environments: attacking the
roots of poverty 0.752 3.758 4.511 0.752 0.752 1.504 1.504 0.752 0.752 15.037
Program 2: Sustaining
productivity in intensive rice-
based systems: rice and the
environment 3.644 0.728 0.729 1.458 2.186 3.643 0.729 0.729 0.729 14.575
Program 3: East and southern
Africa: rice for rural incomes
and an affordable urban
staple 1.561 0.520 0.520 1.040 1.562 5.203
Program 4: Rice and human
health: overcoming the
consequences of poverty 0.192 0.191 1.148 0.191 0.191 1.913
Program 5: Rice genetic
diversity and discovery:
meeting the needs of the
future generations for rice
genetic resources 1.351 1.080 1.081 1.081 0.810 5.403
Program 6: Information and
communication: convening a
global rice research
community 0.197 0.196 0.197 0.196 0.197 0.098 0.098 0.098 0.197 0.098 0.098 0.197 0.098 1.965
Program 7: Rice policy
support and impact
assessment for rice research 0.703 0.586 1.055 2.344
Total 2.492 0.196 10.431 7.036 3.675 0.098 2.308 0.752 3.788 5.344 1.721 1.724 1.481 4.486 0.810 0.098 46.440
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 186 of 210
IRRI-Table 2: Allocation of Project Costs to CGIAR Priorities, 2007-2011
in $millions
Projects
Actual Estimated Proposal Plan 1 Plan 2
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Priorities
Program 1: Raising productivity in rainfed environments: attacking the roots of poverty
1A 0.482 0.818 0.752 0.771 0.790
2A 2.412 4.093 3.758 3.852 3.949
2B 2.896 4.910 4.511 4.624 4.740
4A 0.482 0.818 0.752 0.771 0.790
4B 0.482 0.818 0.752 0.771 0.790
4C 0.965 1.637 1.504 1.541 1.580
4D 0.965 1.637 1.504 1.541 1.580
5C 0.482 0.818 0.752 0.771 0.790
5D 0.483 0.819 0.752 0.771 0.789
Total Project 9.649 16.368 15.037 15.413 15.798
Program 2: Sustaining productivity in intensive rice-based systems: rice and the environment
2A 2.798 3.096 3.644 3.735 3.828
2B 0.560 0.619 0.728 0.747 0.766
2C 0.560 0.619 0.729 0.747 0.766
4A 1.119 1.238 1.458 1.494 1.531
4C 1.679 1.858 2.186 2.241 2.297
4D 2.798 3.097 3.643 3.735 3.827
5A 0.560 0.619 0.729 0.747 0.766
5C 0.560 0.619 0.729 0.747 0.766
5D 0.560 0.619 0.729 0.747 0.766
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 187 of 210
Total Project 11.194 12.384 14.575 14.940 15.313
Program 3: East and southern Africa: rice for rural incomes and an affordable urban staple
2A 0.528 1.018 1.561 1.600 1.639
2B 0.176 0.339 0.520 0.533 0.547
2C 0.176 0.339 0.520 0.533 0.547
Projects
Actual Estimated Proposal Plan 1 Plan 2
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Priorities
5B 0.352 0.679 1.040 1.066 1.093
5D 0.528 1.019 1.562 1.600 1.639
Total Project 1.760 3.394 5.203 5.332 5.465
Program 4: Rice and human health: overcoming the consequences of poverty
1A 0.225 0.280 0.192 0.196 0.200
2A 0.224 0.279 0.191 0.196 0.201
2C 1.346 1.675 1.148 1.176 1.206
5A 0.224 0.279 0.191 0.196 0.201
5D 0.224 0.279 0.191 0.196 0.201
Total Project 2.243 2.792 1.913 1.960 2.009
Program 5: Rice genetic diversity and discovery: meeting the needs of the future generations for rice genetic resources
1A 1.941 1.556 1.351 1.384 1.420
2A 1.553 1.244 1.080 1.107 1.136
2B 1.553 1.245 1.081 1.108 1.135
2C 1.553 1.245 1.081 1.108 1.135
New Research Areas 1.165 0.933 0.810 0.831 0.851
Total Project 7.765 6.223 5.403 5.538 5.677
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 188 of 210
Program 6: Information and communication: convening a global rice research community
1A 0.271 0.225 0.197 0.201 0.207
1B 0.270 0.225 0.196 0.201 0.206
2A 0.270 0.225 0.197 0.201 0.206
2B 0.270 0.225 0.196 0.201 0.207
2C 0.271 0.225 0.197 0.201 0.206
2D 0.135 0.113 0.098 0.101 0.103
4A 0.135 0.113 0.098 0.101 0.104
4C 0.136 0.113 0.098 0.101 0.103
4D 0.270 0.225 0.197 0.201 0.207
5A 0.136 0.112 0.098 0.101 0.103
5B 0.135 0.113 0.098 0.101 0.103
Projects
Actual Estimated Proposal Plan 1 Plan 2
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Priorities
5D 0.270 0.225 0.197 0.202 0.207
Stand-alone Training 0.135 0.113 0.098 0.101 0.103
Total Project 2.704 2.252 1.965 2.014 2.065
Program 7: Rice policy support and impact assessment for rice research
5A 0.681 0.844 0.703 0.721 0.739
5B 0.567 0.703 0.586 0.601 0.616
5D 1.021 1.267 1.055 1.082 1.109
Total Project 2.269 2.814 2.344 2.404 2.464
Total 37.584 46.227 46.440 47.601 48.791
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 189 of 210
IRRI-Table 3: Summary of Project Costs, 2007-2011
in $millions
Actual Estimated Proposal Plan 1 Plan 2
Project
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Program 1: Raising productivity in rainfed environments: attacking
9.649 16.368 15.037 15.413 15.798
the roots of poverty
Program 2: Sustaining productivity in intensive rice-based systems:
11.194 12.384 14.575 14.940 15.313
rice and the environment
Program 3: East and southern Africa: rice for rural incomes and an
1.760 3.394 5.203 5.332 5.465
affordable urban staple
Program 4: Rice and human health: overcoming the consequences
2.243 2.792 1.913 1.960 2.009
of poverty
Program 5: Rice genetic diversity and discovery: meeting the needs
7.765 6.223 5.403 5.538 5.677
of the future generations for rice genetic resources
Program 6: Information and communication: convening a global rice
2.704 2.252 1.965 2.014 2.065
research community
Program 7: Rice policy support and impact assessment for rice
2.269 2.814 2.344 2.404 2.464
research
Total 37.584 46.227 46.440 47.601 48.791
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 190 of 210
IRRI-Table 4: Summary of Priority Costs, 2007-2011
in $millions
Actual Estimated Proposal Plan 1 Plan 2
Priorities 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1A 2.919 2.879 2.492 2.552 2.617
1B 0.270 0.225 0.196 0.201 0.206
2A 7.785 9.955 10.431 10.691 10.959
2B 5.455 7.338 7.036 7.213 7.395
2C 3.906 4.103 3.675 3.765 3.860
2D 0.135 0.113 0.098 0.101 0.103
4A 1.736 2.169 2.308 2.366 2.425
4B 0.482 0.818 0.752 0.771 0.790
4C 2.780 3.608 3.788 3.883 3.980
4D 4.033 4.959 5.344 5.477 5.614
5A 1.601 1.854 1.721 1.765 1.809
5B 1.054 1.495 1.724 1.768 1.812
5C 1.042 1.437 1.481 1.518 1.556
5D 3.086 4.228 4.486 4.598 4.711
Stand-alone Training 0.135 0.113 0.098 0.101 0.103
New Research Areas 1.165 0.933 0.810 0.831 0.851
Total 37.584 46.227 46.440 47.601 48.791
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 191 of 210
IRRI-Table 5: Investments by Undertaking, Activity and Sector,
2007-2011 in $millions
Actual Estimated Proposal Plan 1 Plan 2
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Increasing Productivity 21.913 26.951 27.193 27.872 28.569
__Germplasm Enhancement & Breeding 15.953 19.621 19.466 19.952 20.451
__Production Systems Development & Management 5.960 7.330 7.727 7.920 8.118
____Cropping systems 5.960 7.330 7.727 7.920 8.118
____Livestock systems 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
____Tree systems 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
____Fish systems 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Protecting the Environment 5.336 6.563 6.961 7.135 7.313
Saving Biodiversity 1.103 1.357 1.179 1.208 1.239
Improving Policies 1.689 2.078 1.653 1.694 1.737
Strengthening NARS 7.543 9.278 9.454 9.692 9.933
__Training and Professional Development 2.384 2.932 2.906 2.979 3.053
__Documentation, Publications, Info. Dissemination 1.993 2.452 2.666 2.733 2.801
__Organization & Management Counseling 0.092 0.113 0.098 0.101 0.103
__Networks 3.074 3.781 3.784 3.879 3.976
Total 37.584 46.227 46.440 47.601 48.791
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 192 of 210
IRRI-Table 6: Project Investments by Developing Region, 2007-2011
in $millions
Actual Estimated Proposal Plan 1 Plan 2
Project Region
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Asia 9.167 15.550 14.286 14.642 15.008
Program 1: Raising productivity in rainfed environments:
attacking the roots of poverty
SSA 0.482 0.818 0.751 0.771 0.790
Total Project 9.649 16.368 15.037 15.413 15.798
Asia 10.635 11.765 13.846 14.193 14.547
Program 2: Sustaining productivity in intensive rice-
based systems: rice and the environment
SSA 0.559 0.619 0.729 0.747 0.766
Total Project 11.194 12.384 14.575 14.940 15.313
Program 3: East and southern Africa: rice for rural
SSA 1.760 3.394 5.203 5.332 5.465
incomes and an affordable urban staple
Total Project 1.760 3.394 5.203 5.332 5.465
Asia 2.131 2.652 1.817 1.862 1.909
Program 4: Rice and human health: overcoming the
consequences of poverty
SSA 0.112 0.140 0.096 0.098 0.100
Total Project 2.243 2.792 1.913 1.960 2.009
Asia 6.213 4.979 4.323 4.430 4.541
Program 5: Rice genetic diversity and discovery: CWANA 0.388 0.311 0.270 0.277 0.284
meeting the needs of the future generations for rice
genetic resources LAC 0.776 0.622 0.540 0.554 0.568
SSA 0.388 0.311 0.270 0.277 0.284
Total Project 7.765 6.223 5.403 5.538 5.677
Asia 2.299 1.915 1.670 1.711 1.755
CWANA 0.135 0.112 0.098 0.101 0.103
Program 6: Information and communication: convening
a global rice research community
LAC 0.135 0.112 0.098 0.101 0.104
SSA 0.135 0.113 0.099 0.101 0.103
Total Project 2.704 2.252 1.965 2.014 2.065
Asia 2.042 2.533 2.110 2.164 2.218
Program 7: Rice policy support and impact assessment
for rice research
SSA 0.227 0.281 0.234 0.240 0.246
Total Project 2.269 2.814 2.344 2.404 2.464
Total 37.584 46.227 46.440 47.601 48.791
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 193 of 210
IRRI-Table 7: Summary of Investments by Developing Region, 2007-2011
in $millions
Actual Estimated Proposal Plan 1 Plan 2
Region
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
SSA 3.663 5.676 7.382 7.566 7.754
Asia 32.487 39.394 38.052 39.002 39.978
LAC 0.911 0.734 0.638 0.655 0.672
CWANA 0.523 0.423 0.368 0.378 0.387
Total 37.584 46.227 46.440 47.601 48.791
IRRI-Table 8: Expenditure by Object, 2007-2011
in $millions
Actual Estimated Proposal Plan 1 Plan 2
Object of Expenditure
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Personnel 15.499 19.876 19.945 20.444 20.955
Supplies and services 12.007 13.753 12.389 12.699 13.016
Collaboration/ Partnerships 4.863 5.050 6.016 6.166 6.321
Operational Travel 2.924 4.823 5.160 5.289 5.421
Depreciation 2.291 2.725 2.930 3.003 3.078
Total 37.584 46.227 46.440 47.601 48.791
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 194 of 210
IRRI-Table 9: Member and Non-Member Unrestricted Grants, 2007-2009
in $millions NC = National Currency
Actual Actual Estimated Estimated Proposal
Proposal 2009
Member Type NC 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009
(NC)
(US$) (NC) (US$) (NC) (US$)
Unrestricted Grants
Member
Australia A$ 0.566 0.750 0.661 0.750 0.667 0.750
Bangladesh US$ 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100
Canada C$ 1.026 1.074 1.374 1.399 1.382 1.399
China US$ 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140 0.140
France Euro 0.161 0.110 0.167 0.110 0.165 0.110
Germany Euro 0.388 0.285 0.438 0.285 0.428 0.285
India US$ 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150
Japan Yen 0.844 95.884 0.905 95.884 0.905 95.884
Korea, Republic of US$ 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150
Norway NKR 0.334 2.000 0.382 2.000 0.389 2.000
Philippines PHP 0.100 4.531 0.107 4.531 0.105 4.531
Portugal US$ 0.200 0.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Sweden SKR 0.555 3.700 0.595 3.700 0.616 3.700
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 195 of 210
Switzerland SFR 0.531 0.600 0.578 0.600 0.578 0.600
Thailand US$ 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040
United Kingdom GBP 2.431 1.175 2.280 1.175 2.233 1.175
United States US$ 2.700 2.700 1.350 1.350 2.700 2.700
World Bank US$ 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800 1.800
Subtotal 12.216 11.217 12.548
Non-member
Vietnam US$ 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015
Subtotal 0.015 0.015 0.015
Total Unrestricted 12.231 11.232 12.563
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 196 of 210
IRRI-Table 9a: Member and Non-Member Unrestricted and Restricted Grants, 2007-2009
in $millions
Actual Estimated Proposal
Member / Non-Member
2007 2008 2009
Unrestricted Grants
Member
Australia 0.566 0.661 0.667
Bangladesh 0.100 0.100 0.100
Canada 1.026 1.374 1.382
China 0.140 0.140 0.140
France 0.161 0.167 0.165
Germany 0.388 0.438 0.428
India 0.150 0.150 0.150
Japan 0.844 0.905 0.905
Korea, Republic of 0.150 0.150 0.150
Norway 0.334 0.382 0.389
Philippines 0.100 0.107 0.105
Portugal 0.200 0.000 0.000
Sweden 0.555 0.595 0.616
Switzerland 0.531 0.578 0.578
Thailand 0.040 0.040 0.040
United Kingdom 2.431 2.280 2.233
United States 2.700 1.350 2.700
World Bank 1.800 1.800 1.800
Subtotal 12.216 11.217 12.548
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 197 of 210
Non-member
Vietnam 0.015 0.015 0.015
Subtotal 0.015 0.015 0.015
Total Unrestricted 12.231 11.232 12.563
Restricted Grants
Actual Estimated Proposal
Member / Non-Member
2007 2008 2009
Member
ADB 1.081 1.368 0.748
Australia 0.547 0.780 0.719
Bangladesh 0.000 0.040 0.000
Belgium 0.017 0.024 0.016
Canada 0.174 0.158 0.074
China 0.014 0.093 0.083
European Commission 3.565 2.340 2.129
FAO 0.020 0.051 0.000
France 0.240 0.247 0.240
Germany 0.470 0.770 0.557
IFAD 0.596 1.465 1.051
India 0.500 0.500 0.500
Iran 0.092 0.227 0.227
Japan 2.710 4.071 4.393
Korea, Republic of 0.742 0.902 0.776
Malaysia 0.044 0.059 0.059
Mexico 0.010 0.000 0.000
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 198 of 210
Philippines 0.033 0.065 0.232
Portugal 0.000 0.200 0.200
Rockefeller Foundation 0.616 0.075 0.000
Switzerland 1.213 0.803 1.000
United Kingdom 0.000 0.108 0.142
United States 0.740 1.877 0.624
World Bank 0.321 0.270 0.270
Subtotal 13.745 16.493 14.040
Non-member
Aquifer Ltd 0.166 0.065 0.000
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 0.189 6.919 10.709
Generation/CP 1.456 1.724 2.378
Actual Estimated Proposal
Member / Non-Member
2007 2008 2009
Global Crop Diversity Trust (GCDT) 0.234 0.250 0.250
Grand Challenges in Global Health 0.139 0.548 0.472
HarvestPlus/CP 0.839 0.497 0.350
Hybrid Rice Development Consortium (HRDC) 0.000 0.420 0.649
IFA/IPI/PPI-PPIC 0.061 0.107 0.107
Monsanto Fund 0.047 0.000 0.000
Nunza B.V. 0.026 0.025 0.020
Others 0.158 1.158 0.214
Water & Food/CP 3.098 0.967 0.406
Subtotal 6.413 12.680 15.555
Total Restricted 20.158 29.173 29.595
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 199 of 210
Total Grants 32.389 40.405 42.158
Actual Estimated Proposal
Summary and Statement of Activities
2007 2008 2009
Total Grants 32.389 40.405 42.158
Center Income 2.283 1.400 1.500
Revenue 34.672 41.805 43.658
Total Investment 37.584 46.227 46.440
Surplus (Deficit) -2.912 -4.422 -2.782
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 200 of 210
IRRI-Table 10: Allocation of Member Grants and Center Income to Projects, 2007-2009
in $millions
Actual Estimated Proposal
Project Member
2007 2008 2009
ADB 0.293 0.514 0.116
Australia 0.001 0.000 0.000
Bangladesh 0.000 0.040 0.000
Canada 0.018 0.061 0.074
China 0.000 0.046 0.046
European Commission 0.668 0.347 0.343
France 0.100 0.100 0.100
Germany 0.350 0.653 0.523
IFAD 0.240 0.344 0.147
Member
Program 1: Raising productivity in rainfed
environments: attacking the roots of poverty India 0.210 0.200 0.200
Iran 0.092 0.227 0.227
Japan 1.706 3.191 1.303
Korea, Republic of 0.007 0.007 0.007
Mexico 0.003 0.000 0.000
Philippines 0.000 0.000 0.047
Rockefeller Foundation 0.573 0.066 0.000
Switzerland 0.076 0.000 0.000
United States 0.030 0.000 0.000
Non Member Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 0.136 5.397 6.454
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 201 of 210
Generation/CP 0.304 0.684 1.589
Others 0.053 0.155 0.000
Water & Food/CP 1.148 0.575 0.151
Unrestricted + Center Income 3.641 3.761 3.710
Project Total 9.649 16.368 15.037
ADB 0.523 0.568 0.632
Program 2: Sustaining productivity in intensive
Member
rice-based systems: rice and the environment
Australia 0.160 0.615 0.622
Actual Estimated Proposal
Project Member
2007 2008 2009
China 0.000 0.016 0.016
European Commission 0.634 0.344 0.320
FAO 0.000 0.051 0.000
France 0.118 0.125 0.118
Germany 0.063 0.070 0.000
IFAD 0.000 0.000 0.099
India 0.003 0.100 0.100
Japan 0.533 0.479 0.539
Korea, Republic of 0.538 0.728 0.641
Malaysia 0.044 0.059 0.059
Mexico 0.006 0.000 0.000
Philippines 0.018 0.051 0.046
Switzerland 0.998 0.803 1.000
United Kingdom 0.000 0.011 0.009
United States 0.105 0.502 0.000
World Bank 0.036 0.270 0.270
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 202 of 210
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 0.000 0.307 3.000
Generation/CP 0.008 0.000 0.000
Hybrid Rice Development
0.000 0.420 0.649
Consortium (HRDC)
Non Member
IFA/IPI/PPI-PPIC 0.061 0.107 0.107
Others 0.060 0.212 0.022
Water & Food/CP 1.135 0.392 0.255
Unrestricted + Center Income 6.151 6.154 6.071
Project Total 11.194 12.384 14.575
Canada 0.156 0.097 0.000
China 0.000 0.003 0.003
Program 3: East and southern Africa: rice for
Member European Commission 0.452 0.235 0.232
rural incomes and an affordable urban staple
IFAD 0.049 0.667 0.472
India 0.001 0.000 0.000
Actual Estimated Proposal
Project Member
2007 2008 2009
Japan 0.120 0.057 2.209
Korea, Republic of 0.007 0.002 0.002
Mexico 0.001 0.000 0.000
Portugal 0.000 0.200 0.200
Rockefeller Foundation 0.021 0.009 0.000
Switzerland 0.014 0.000 0.000
United States 0.000 0.000 0.000
Aquifer Ltd 0.166 0.065 0.000
Non Member Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 0.047 0.953 1.000
Others 0.000 0.028 0.000
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 203 of 210
Water & Food/CP 0.083 0.000 0.000
Unrestricted + Center Income 0.643 1.078 1.085
Project Total 1.760 3.394 5.203
China 0.000 0.001 0.001
India 0.003 0.000 0.000
Japan 0.021 0.021 0.021
Member
Korea, Republic of 0.051 0.016 0.000
Switzerland 0.010 0.000 0.000
Program 4: Rice and human health: overcoming United States 0.559 1.293 0.624
the consequences of poverty
Grand Challenges in Global Health 0.139 0.548 0.472
HarvestPlus/CP 0.764 0.449 0.350
Non Member Monsanto Fund 0.047 0.000 0.000
Others 0.000 0.013 0.000
Water & Food/CP 0.058 0.000 0.000
Unrestricted + Center Income 0.591 0.451 0.445
Project Total 2.243 2.792 1.913
Australia 0.277 0.061 0.000
Program 5: Rice genetic diversity and discovery:
meeting the needs of the future generations for Member China 0.014 0.019 0.009
rice genetic resources
European Commission 1.578 0.884 0.852
Actual Estimated Proposal
Project Member
2007 2008 2009
FAO 0.020 0.000 0.000
Germany 0.057 0.047 0.034
India 0.264 0.200 0.200
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 204 of 210
Japan 0.268 0.288 0.288
Korea, Republic of 0.113 0.131 0.108
Rockefeller Foundation 0.022 0.000 0.000
Switzerland 0.060 0.000 0.000
United Kingdom 0.000 0.097 0.133
United States 0.046 0.082 0.000
World Bank 0.285 0.000 0.000
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 0.006 0.262 0.255
Generation/CP 0.835 0.789 0.583
Non Member Global Crop Diversity Trust (GCDT) 0.234 0.250 0.250
Others 0.029 0.580 0.192
Water & Food/CP 0.348 0.000 0.000
Unrestricted + Center Income 3.309 2.533 2.499
Project Total 7.765 6.223 5.403
ADB 0.265 0.286 0.000
Australia 0.013 0.016 0.042
Belgium 0.017 0.024 0.016
China 0.000 0.004 0.004
Member India 0.019 0.000 0.000
Program 6: Information and communication: Japan 0.030 0.033 0.033
convening a global rice research community
Korea, Republic of 0.018 0.018 0.018
Philippines 0.014 0.014 0.139
Switzerland 0.025 0.000 0.000
Generation/CP 0.309 0.251 0.206
Non Member Nunza B.V. 0.026 0.025 0.020
Others 0.001 0.074 0.000
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 205 of 210
Actual Estimated Proposal
Project Member
2007 2008 2009
Water & Food/CP 0.148 0.000 0.000
Unrestricted + Center Income 1.819 1.507 1.487
Project Total 2.704 2.252 1.965
Australia 0.096 0.088 0.055
China 0.000 0.004 0.004
European Commission 0.233 0.530 0.382
France 0.022 0.022 0.022
IFAD 0.307 0.454 0.333
Member
Japan 0.032 0.002 0.000
Program 7: Rice policy support and impact Korea, Republic of 0.008 0.000 0.000
assessment for rice research
Philippines 0.001 0.000 0.000
Switzerland 0.030 0.000 0.000
United States 0.000 0.000 0.000
HarvestPlus/CP 0.075 0.048 0.000
Non Member Others 0.015 0.096 0.000
Water & Food/CP 0.178 0.000 0.000
Unrestricted + Center Income 1.272 1.570 1.548
Project Total 2.269 2.814 2.344
Total Restricted 20.158 29.173 29.595
Total Unrestricted + Center Income 17.426 17.054 16.845
Total 37.584 46.227 46.440
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 206 of 210
IRRI-Table 11: Internationally and Nationally Recruited Staff, 2007-2011
in $millions
Actual Estimated Proposal Plan 1 Plan 2
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
NRS 805 846 878 878 878
IRS 100 108 113 113 113
Total 905 954 991 991 991
IRRI-Table 12: Currency Structure of Expenditure, 2007-2009
in millions of units and percent
Actual Estimated Proposal
2007 2008 2009
Currency Amount $ Value % Share Amount $ Value % Share Amount $ Value % Share
Others 0.678 0.678 2 0.700 0.700 2 0.720 0.720 2
PHP 605.790 13.138 35 636.079 14.793 32 667.883 15.533 33
USD 23.768 23.768 63 30.734 30.734 66 30.187 30.187 65
Total 37.584 100 % 46.227 100 % 46.440 100 %
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 207 of 210
IRRI - Table 13: Statement of Financial Position (SFP), 2007-2009
in $millions
Assets, Liabilities and Net Assets 2007 2008 2009
Current Assets
____Cash and Cash Equivalents 21.838 17.016 13.833
____Investments 2.064 2.164 2.000
____Accounts Receivable
____- Donor 7.484 7.408 7.384
____- Employees 0.189 0.150 0.150
____- Other CGIAR Centers 0.012 0.010 0.010
____- Others 0.974 0.909 0.809
____Inventories 0.572 0.472 0.372
____Pre-paid Expenses 0.319 0.252 0.202
Total Current Assets 33.452 28.381 24.760
Non-Current Assets
____Net Property, Plan and Equipment 11.113 11.313 11.513
____Investments 21.612 21.412 21.212
____Other Assets 0.006 0.006 0.006
Total Non-Current Assets 32.731 32.731 32.731
Total Assets 66.183 61.112 57.491
Current Liabilities
____Overdraft/Short Term Borrowings 0.000 0.000 0.000
____Accounts Payable
____- Donor 16.732 16.532 16.208
____- Employees 0.000 0.000 0.000
____- Other CGIAR Centers 0.322 0.300 0.200
____- Others 0.645 0.500 0.400
____Accruals and Provisions 7.504 7.222 6.908
Total Current Liabilities 25.203 24.554 23.716
Non-Current Liabilities
____Accounts Payable
____- Employees 0.000 0.000 0.000
____- Deferred Grant Revenue 0.000 0.000 0.000
____- Others 0.000 0.000 0.000
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 208 of 210
Total Non-Current Liabilities 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total Liabilities 25.203 24.554 23.716
Net Assets
____Unrestricted
____- Fixed Assets 11.113 11.313 11.513
____- Unrestricted Net Assets Excluding Fixed Assets 29.867 25.245 22.262
Total Unrestricted Net Assets 40.980 36.558 33.775
____Restricted 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total Net Assets 40.980 36.558 33.775
Total Liabilities and Net Assets 66.183 61.112 57.491
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 209 of 210
IRRI-Table 14: Statement of Activities (SOA), 2007-2009
in $millions
Restricted Total
Unrestricted
Challenge
Temporary 2007 2008 2009
Programs
Grant Revenue 12.231 14.765 5.393 32.389 40.405 42.157
Revenue and Gains Other revenue and gains 1.298 0.000 0.000 1.298 1.400 1.500
Total revenue and gains 13.529 14.765 5.393 33.687 41.805 43.657
Program related expenses 12.567 13.951 5.393 31.911 41.693 41.481
Management and general
6.526 0.814 0.000 7.340 7.560 7.711
expenses
Other losses expenses 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Sub Total expenses and
19.093 14.765 5.393 39.251 49.253 49.192
losses
Expenses and Losses Indirect cost recovery -1.667 0.000 0.000 -1.667 -3.026 -2.752
Total expenses and losses 17.426 14.765 5.393 37.584 46.227 46.440
Net Operating Surplus /
-3.897 0.000 0.000 -3.897 -4.422 -2.783
(Deficit)
Extraordinary Items -0.985 0.000 0.000 -0.985 0.000 0.000
NET SURPLUS / (DEFICIT) -2.912 0.000 0.000 -2.912 -4.422 -2.783
Personnel 8.649 6.092 0.758 15.499 19.876 19.945
Supplies and services 5.604 5.100 1.303 12.007 13.753 12.389
Object of Expenditure Collaboration/ Partnerships 0.269 1.771 2.823 4.863 5.050 6.016
Operational Travel 1.066 1.392 0.466 2.924 4.823 5.160
Depreciation 1.838 0.410 0.043 2.291 2.725 2.930
17.426 14.765 5.393 37.584 46.227 46.440
Total
IRRI MTP 2009-11 Page 210 of 210
