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Ministry of Trade of The Republic of Indonesia
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Indonesian Pearls
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Indonesian Pearls
Introduction
To introduce Indonesia’s potential products which are spread in almost every province,
TREDA provides information about those products so that the general public will be more
familiar with them. For this purpose TREDA has organized an effort to collect and analyze
relevant information related to the potentials and specific advantages of each of the
products.
This booklet entitled “Indonesian South Sea Pearl” presents a complete account on
one of the Indonesian potential products, namely Pearl and its related end product,
Pearl Jewelry. The reader is invited to a journey around this majestic product, starting as
from its hatchery, farming, harvesting up to being created into elegant pieces of jewelry.
Indonesia, for sure, is the biggest producer of South Sea Pearls in the world. It is
estimated that around 124,810 hectares of Indonesian equatorial seas provide suitable
habitats for Pinctada Maxima, the oysters producing the majestic pearls. With such a
huge potential area for pearling activities, Indonesia has the potential to produce at
least 20 tons of pearl per year.
The story is enriched with flashy illustrations to convey meaningful and attractive
information on pearl and pearl jewelry that will satisfy your curiosity and give better
understanding on this elegant product. A better comprehension on lndonesian Imperial
Gold Pearl will lead to better appreciation and greater enjoyment in owning and wearing
this exotic gift of nature from Indonesian pristine waters.
Erwidodo
Director General
Trade Research And Development Agency (TREDA)
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Minister of Trade
Republic of Indonesia
Message
It is our great pleasure to share with you the wealth of our natural products. As an
equatorial country, Indonesia is endowed with the richest marine coastal sea beds biota.
As such Indonesia is a major producer of non edible fishery products including pearls,
thanks to the pristine marine environment which provides the best possible environment
for pearl producing oysters. Indonesia is the biggest producer of South Sea Pearls in the
world market!
The Queen of the South Sea Pearls is the Imperial Gold Pearl that is produced only by
the Pinctada Maxima oysters living in optimum habitat in Indonesian waters. Indonesian
South Sea Pearls have a very distinct appearance due to their unique natural luster that
exhibits a gentle inner glow which is a combination with subtle reflection of colors.
Imperial Gold color is the rarest of all and the most majestic.
In the hands of skilled Indonesian artisans, the elegant pearls are being made into a
great variety of exotic jewelry with ethnic touches. With a rich cultural heritage, the pearl
jewelry produced by Indonesian craft persons will surely enrich the choices for people
with refined artistic taste around the world. This book is dedicated for those who enjoy
the majestic natural products created into elegant pieces of artistic works.
Mari Elka Pangestu
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Indonesian Pearls
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CONTENTS
5 INDONESIAN, THE BIGGEST PRODUCER OF SOUTH SEA PEARL
7 PEARL THE ADORABLE LIVING GEM
16 INDONESIAN SOUTH SEA PEARL
21 THE SOUTH SEA PEARL CULTURE INDUSTRIES IN INDONESIA
36 INDONESIAN PEARLS AND PEARL JEWELRY IN WORLD TRADE
40 SOME MASTERPIECES OF INDONESIAN PEARLS JEWELRY
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Indonesia,
The Biggest Producer of
South Sea Pearls
I ndonesia, with its more than 17,000 lush tropical is-
lands, of which around 3,000 are inhabited, is the larg-
est archipelago country in the world. The chain of is-
Indonesia is the richest country
lands extends 4,500 kilometers West to East and 2,000
kilometers North to South. Situated southeast of the with regards to marine biota,
Asian mainland and north and northwest of Australia,
this string of emeralds is cast between the Indian and
particularly those living in
the Pacific oceans. These factors have created a highly coastal sea-beds as their habi-
diverse environment that is rich in natural resources
(oil, iron, gold, tin, nickel) as well as in terms of both
tats. As such, Indonesia sup-
terrestrial and marine biodiversity. plies the biggest quantity of
Indonesia boasts 95,181 kilometers of coastline which
South Sea Pearls.
is among the longest in the world. As such, Indonesia
is endowed with the richest marine coastal sea-beds
biota. Many kinds of crustaceans such as lobsters,
crabs, and shrimps as well as various types of mollusks, Producing Production (2005) %
such as clams and oysters are among Indonesia’s ma- In In
jor fishery products. Indonesia is also a major producer Country Kan Kilogram Share
of non-edible fishery products called pearls, thanks to Indonesia 1,022 3,833 41.2%
the pristine marine environment which provides the
Australia 850 3,187 34.3%
best possible environment for pearl-producing oys-
Philippines 450 1,688 18.1%
ters. Indonesia is the biggest producer of South Sea
Pearls in the world market! The data on the table shows Myanmar 136 510 5.5%
Indonesia accounts for 41.2% volume share of South Others 22 83 0.9%
Sea Pearl, followed by Australia at 34.2%, Philippines at Total 2,480 9,300 100.0%
18.1% and Myanmar at 5.5% . Source: Pearl World Journal, 2005
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Pearl,
The Adorable Living Gem
THE ADORABLE JEWELS THOUGHOUT THE AGES
Pearls have been known to mankind since the beginning of civilization.
They were considered as one of the most valuable and to this day are still
highly esteemed as gems for their beauty and splendor. The Sumerians of
Mesopotamia and the Babylonians, the Egyptian Kingdoms, the Persian and
the Chinese draped themselves with either pearl or mother of pearl jewelry
since 3000 BC. A fragment of the oldest known pearl jewelry, found in the sar-
cophagus of a Persian princess who died in 520 BC, is displayed in the Louvre
Museum in Paris. In the Americas, both the Incas and Aztecs prized pearls for
their beauty and magical powers.
The Romans prized pearls as the ultimate gems and turned pearls into
many kinds of decorative accessories. During the classical Roman period, only
persons above a certain rank were allowed to wear pearl jewelry. In the West,
most European countries in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries had laws
regarding who could and could not wear pearls. Teachers and lawyers, for
example, could not wear fringes or chains with pearls. For quite a long time in
history, pearl was a symbol of power and wealth. Emperor Napoleon Bonapar-
te and his wife Josephine’s preference to pearls induced a growing demand
for this natural gem. Pearls have been considered ideal wedding gifts because
they symbolize purity and innocence. In the Hindu religion, the pre-
sentation of an un-drilled pearl and its piercing has
become part of the marriage ceremony.
The CZARINA OF RUSSIA,
Pearls display the qualities of elegance, pu- Source:”The Book of The Pearl”.
rity and perfection. As such, this natural gem
has been taken as symbols for many supreme
ideas. To the ancients, pearls were a symbol of
the moon and had magical powers. People have
also attached different meanings to various col-
CROWN OF ST. EDWARD
The Official crown of England Source : “The Book of The Pearl”.
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Indonesian Pearls
ors of pearl. White pearls have been perceived as the symbol of purity. Rose
and pink pearls symbolize love. Wealth is symbolized through golden pearls.
Pearls with peacock green color symbolizes romance. Sapphire blue pearls
were taken as the symbol of eternity, while black pearls symbolize dignity.
WHAT IS A PEARL ?
Pearl is an organic “gem”, that is, a gem that comes from a living thing (oth-
er examples of organic gems include coral and amber). A pearl is a living gem,
and each pearl is a miracle of nature. It is a lustrous concretion (i.e. a rounded
mass of compact concentric layers built up around a nucleus) produced by
certain bivalve mollusks, including mussels and oysters. The pearl is an abnor-
mal growth resulting from the invasion of the body of the mollusk by foreign
matter. The oyster soothe irritations caused by those external or internal stim-
uli (such as sand grains, mollusk eggs, parasites and
other foreign particles) by secreting a brownish solu-
Each pearl is made through a
tion called conchiolin. Conchiolin is a fibrous protein
biological process inside the that makes up the inner part of the oyster shell. Over
this conchiolin, the oyster coats the invading material
oysters. A pearl is made of
with layer upon layer of nacreous material. The conchi-
thousands layers of conchiolin. olin binds the nacre together. Nacre is the hard pearly
internal layer of the oyster shells. It takes thousands of
very thin layers of this nacre to make a single pearl.
The materials making up the pearl is secreted by
the mantle (i.e., the part of the oyster’s internal body
with glands that secrete a shell-producing substance)
as the response to the irritant material. It is a remark-
able feat of nature that a living oyster produces such
an exquisite work of art. Since pearl is made through
a biological process inside the oysters, no two pearls
are identical. It is understood then why the Latin word
for pearl is margarita which means “unique”. (In the ro-
mance languages (Spanish, French, Italian), margarita
means pearl).
The oyster soothe irritations caused by those external or internal
stimuli (such as sand grains, mollusk eggs, parasites and other for- Nacre, also referred to as mother-of-pearl, is com-
eign particles) by secreting a brownish solution called conchiolin posed primarily of aragonite crystal. Aragonite crystal
is a solid material in which the component atoms are
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arranged in a definite pattern and whose surface regularity reflects its inter-
nal symmetry. The crystals that are lined in symmetry within layers making
up the pearl create prismatic effect as light travels through each layer. This
prismatic effect contributes to the light-reflecting qualities of pearl known as
its luster and iridescence.
OYSTERS, The Creatures That Present the Adornments
- Oysters and Their Environment
Oyster is a member of the families Ostreidae (true oysters) or Aviculidae
(pearl oysters), bivalve mollusks found in temperate and warm coastal waters
of all oceans. A bivalve mollusk is any soft-bodied invertebrate of the Mol-
lusca family whose body is protected by two symmetrical shells. These shells
that enclose the mollusk are made of calcium carbonate secreted by a soft
mantle covering the body.
It is well known that the ecological characteristic of the bottom of the
pearl natural beds plays a vital role in the production
as well as quality of pearls. Rocky or gravelly bottoms
are more suitable. Areas rich in phytoplankton which is
consumed by oyster, are good but there should not be
Denticle
noxious blooms. A mild current is necessary not only as
Digestive gland a source of oxygen-rich seawater, but also to bring in
fresh plankton as well as for the removal of metabolic
Mounth
products, and the oysters’ solid waste matter. If the
water current is strong, the formation of the nacreous
Stomach
layer is faster, but the quality of pearls is inferior.
Rectum
Pericardial cavity
- Major Genera of Pearl Oysters
Mantle
Gill
Biologists tell us that around 15 genera of oysters
Adductor muscle may produce pearls of commercial values: 9 (nine)
belong to the sea-water oysters and another 6 (six) of
fresh-water types. However, only a few that dominates
as the producers of commercial pearls in world trade.
The most well-known of sea-water pearl oysters is of
Basic Anatomy of an Oyster the genus Pinctada. Pinctada occur in several seas of
the tropical belt and in the sub-tropical region. There
three major Pinctada sub-species: Pinctada Maxima,
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Pinctada Margaritifera, and Pinctada Imbricata/Fucata. Of the fresh-water
types, Hyrriopsis Schlegelli (Biwa pearl mussel) is the most well-known.
The gold/silver-lip pearl oyster Pinctada Maxima occupies the central Indo-
Pacific from Myanmar to the Solomon Islands. Its bio-geographical distribu-
tion is stretching along the coasts of Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesian archi-
pelago, the Philippines, down to the north coast of Australia. This species are
found at depths ranging from low tide level down to 80 meters. The central
portion of this range, the Indonesian Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, Aus-
tralia and the Philippines, has or had prolific shell grounds. Pinctada Maxima
oysters produce South Sea Pearls, due to the fact that their breeding grounds
known as the South Sea.
Pinctada Maxima is observed to have various external colors: light yellow-
ish-brown, green, dark brown or purple. The nacre (i.e. the hard pearly inside
layer of the oyster shell) has a clear and rich luster. Part
of the nacre close to “its mouth” can have a golden or
silver band of varying width. This gives Pinctada Max-
Pinctada Maxima is the
ima its common name of gold-lip or silver-lip oyster.
Pinctada Maxima is the largest species of the genus: most well-known of sea-wa-
its body size ranges from 20 to 30 centimeter with a
ter pearl oysters. Pinctada
weight that may reach up to 6.3 kilogram.
occur in several seas of the
Pinctada Margaritifera, the black-lip pearl oyster,
tropical belt and in the sub-
ranges from the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Sudan, Papua
New Guinea, Australia, French Polynesia, Indonesia, tropical region.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Southwestern part of
the Indian Ocean, Japan and the Pacific Ocean, the
Gulf of Cali¬fornia, and Mexico.
Pinctada Fucata exhibits a variety of color morphs
ranging from the commoner reds and browns to greens,
bronzes and creams. The nacre is of a cream to golden
color with a hard metallic luster. The largest specimens
are up to 10 cm in diameter. Pinctada Fucata also has Pinctada Maxima oyster, known as Gold - Lip or
a wide distribution from the Eastern Pacific (Venezu- Silver - Lip oysters produce the rare and most valu-
ela) to the Western Pacific Ocean (Korea and southern able pearls of gold and silver color.
China), Australia, Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and the
Persian Gulf.
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Hyriopsis Schlegeli is freshwater mussels which are common throughout
the world, but those used for pearl cultivation are mainly found in freshwater
rivers, lakes and ponds. In China they are even found in places like the farm-
ers’ irrigation ditches. The mussels are extremely adaptable to local condi-
tions. Their luster is usually not as high as with other oysters used for pearl
cultivation.
TYPES OF PEARL
From the way it is formed, we can group pearl into three categories: natu-
ral pearls, cultured pearls and imitation pearls. Before the depletion of natural
pearl beds, about a century ago, all pearls that were discovered were natural
pearls. Today natural pearls are very rare, and are often sold at auctions in
New York, London and other international venues at investment prices. Natu-
ral pearls are, by definition, all types of pearls formed by accident, without
human intervention. They are the product of chance, with a beginning that is
an irritant such as a burrowing parasite. The chance of this natural occurrence
is very slim as it depends on unwelcome entry of foreign material that the
oyster is unable to expel from its body.
A cultured pearl undergoes the same process. In case of natural pearl, the
oyster is working alone, whereas cultured pearls are the products of human
intervention. To induce the oyster to produce pearl, a technician purposely
implants the irritant inside the oyster. The material that is surgically implant-
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ed is a piece of shell called Mother of Pearl. This technique was found and
developed by a Japanese inventor, Kokichi Mikimoto, who patented the tech-
nique in 1916.
Imitation pearls are a different story altogether. In most cases, a glass bead
is dipped into a solution made from fish scales. This coating is thin and may
eventually wear off. One can usually tell an imitation by biting on it. Fake
pearls glide across your teeth, while the layers of nacre on real pearls feel grit-
ty. The Island of Mallorca in Spain is known for its imitation pearl industry.
THE VARIETY OF CULTURED PEARLS
This necklace is composed of four
A few well known types of cultured pearls are Akoya Pearls, South Sea strands of beautiful Indonesian South
Pearls, Tahiti Cultured Pearls, Freshwater Cultured Pearls plus other types like Sea Pearls, adorned by emeralds and
Mabe Cultured Half Pearls and Keshi Pearls. three bigger pearls. The gorgeous
luster of pearls enhanced by the lively
The term Akoya refers to nucleated saltwater pearls cultivated in the Akoya shiny emeralds create a harmonious im-
oyster. Today, the majority of Akoya pearls are cultivated in Japan, and China. pression of a splendid piece of jewelry.
Because the oyster is relatively small, its pearls generally grow from 2 millime- Collection of Permata Bunda
ters to 9 millimeters, or very rarely, 10 millimeters.
Tahiti cultured pearls are cultivated using the local
species of the black lipped pearl oyster Pinctada Mar-
garitifera (ranging in sizes between 12 to 15 centime-
ters). The more common sizes of the pearls are 9 to 13
millimeters. The exuberant colors of these pearls range
from gold through green to aubergine or purple, to
dark hues including jet black. Generally, the darker the
pearl, the more valuable it is. True peacock black pearls
are quite rare and expensive. Only a limited quantity of
Tahiti cultured pearls develop as a round or a perfect
drop.
Freshwater cultured pearls are cultivated in several
species of pearl mussel. Freshwater mussels are com-
mon throughout the world, but those used for pearl
cultivation are mainly found in freshwater rivers, lakes
and ponds. Colors come in white, champagne, cream,
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Indonesian Pearls
orange, pink, purple, lilac, mauve, dark blue and brown. However, the bewil-
dering array of attractive colors in which these pearls are presently being
marketed strongly suggests that color treatments are being performed on
these pearls.
Mabe is a term commonly used in the pearl trade to describe a cultured
half-pearl that is grown on the inside of a shell. Depending on the form of the
nucleus the farmer inserts into the oyster, several shapes can be produced,
including round, oval, cushion, drop and heart.
Keshi pearls are naturally formed in the soft tissue of most cultured pearl
bearing oysters. However, these pearls are the by-product of a culturing pro-
cedure, and must be recognized as such. Keshi pearls from both white and
black South Sea pearl oysters can reach any size from 4 to 10 millimeters
above. The fact that it is the only pearl resulting from seawater cultivation
without a man-made nucleus makes the Keshi pearl special and appreciated
by true pearl lovers worldwide.
These jewelry masterpieces combine the best
of both tradtiobal artistic heritage and the
splendo of Indonesian mabe pearls. The im-
pressive pieces are hand crafted in silver and
elegantly hand engraved.The brooch and ear-
rings are surely stylish adornment for people
with refined artistic taste, pleasant to see, and
even more to wera.
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Indonesian Pearls
Indonesian
South Sea Pearls
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Throughout history, the natural South Sea pearl has been regarded as the
prize of all pearls. The discovery of the most prolific South Sea pearl beds of
specifically in Indonesia and the surrounding region like North Australia in
the early 1800’s culminated in the most indulgent era of pearls in Europe in
the Victorian era. The South Sea pearl is distinguished from all other pearls by
its magnificent thick natural nacre. This natural nacre produces an unequalled
luster, the one which does not merely deliver “shine” as with other pearls, but
a complex soft, intangible appearance which changes mood under different
light conditions. It is the beauty of this nacre which has endeared the South
Sea pearl to expert jewelers with discriminating taste over the centuries.
South Sea pearls are naturally produced by one of the largest pearl-bearing
oysters, the Pinctada Maxima, (also known as Silver-Lipped or Gold-Lipped)
oyster. This silver or gold lipped mollusk can grow to the size of a dinner plate
but are highly sensitive to the environmental condition. This sensitivity adds
to the cost and rarity of South Sea pearls. As such, Pinctada Maxima produces
pearls of bigger sizes ranging from 9 millimeters to as much as 20 millimeters
with an average size of around 12 millimeters. Thanks to the nacre thick-
ness, South Sea pearl is also famous for the variety of unique and desir-
able shapes found. On top of those virtues, the South Sea pearl also
has an array of colors from cream through yellow to deep gold and
from white through silver. The pearls may also display a lovely
“overtone” of a different color such as pink, blue or green.
Today, as is the case with other natural pearls, the natural
South Sea pearl has almost disappeared from the world pearl
markets. The vast majority of South Sea pearls available today are
cultivated on pearl farms in the South Sea.
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Indonesian Pearls
THE SPECIAL VIRTUES OF INDONESIAN SOUTH SEA
PEARLS
In order to appreciate the special distinctions of the South Sea Pearls, for
which Indonesia is the leading producer, one can assess their beauty in terms
of luster, color, size, shape and surface quality.
In terms of luster, South Sea pearls, both natural
and cultured, have a very distinct appearance. Due to
Pearls with the majestic color
their unique natural luster, they exhibit a gentle in-
of Imperial Gold is produced ner glow which is noticeably different from the sur-
face shine of other pearls. It is sometimes described as
only by oysters cultivated comparing the glow of candle-light with that of a fluo-
in Indonesian waters. rescent light. Occasionally, pearls of very fine quality
will exhibit a phenomenon known as orient. This is the
combination of a translucent luster with subtle reflec-
tions of color.
The most popular colors of South Sea pearls are
white or white with various colored overtones. Over-
tones can be almost any color of the rainbow, and are
derived from the natural colors of the nacre of the
South Sea pearl oyster. When combined with a trans-
lucent intense luster, they create the effect known as
“orient”. Colors that are dominantly found include, Sil-
ver, Pink White, White Rose, Golden White, Gold Cream,
Champagne and Imperial Gold. Imperial gold color is
the rarest of all. This majestic color is produced only by
the oysters cultivated in Indonesian waters.
South Sea cultured pearls dominate the pearl world
in size, and are generally between 10mm and 15 mil-
In this grandeur ring, the impe-
rial gold pearl is the central point limeters. When bigger sizes are found, rarer pearls
of attraction. The peridot stone above 16 millimeters and occasionally in excess of 20
from Burma (green) and Yellow
millimeters are highly prized by connoisseurs.
saphire from Thailand complete
the look.
Collection of Permata Bunda If beauty is in the eye of the beholder, then South
Sea Pearls offer a myriad of opportunities of beauty to
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behold, as no two pearls are exactly the same. Due to the thickness of their
nacre, South Sea cultured pearls are found in an exciting variety of shapes.
Pearl nacre is a beautiful matrix of calcium carbonate crystals and special sub-
stances produced by the oyster. This matrix is laid down in perfectly formed
microscopic tiles, layer upon layer. The thickness of the pearl is determined
by the number of layers, and the thickness of each layer. The appearance of
the nacre will be determined by whether the calcium crystals are “flat” or
“prismatic”, by the perfection with which the tiles are laid, and by the fineness
and number of layers of tiles. The effect on the pearl’s beauty depends on
the degree of visibility of these perfections. This surface quality of the pearl
is described as the pearl’s complexion.
Although shape does not affect the quality of a pearl, the demand for par-
ticular shapes does have a bearing on value. For convenience, South Sea cul-
tured pearls are graded into these seven shape categories. Several categories
are further divided into numerous sub-categories: 1) Round; 2) Semi-Round;
3) Baroque; 4) Semi-Baroque; 5) Drop; 6) Circle; 7) Button.
INDONESIAS IMPERIAL GOLD PEARL IS THE QUEEN OF
SOUTH SEA PEARL
Indonesia produces South Sea Pearls that are cultivated from Pinctada
Maxima, the largest species of oyster. As an archipelago with a pristine envi-
ronment, Indonesia provides the optimum environment for Pinctada Maxima
to produce high quality pearls. Indonesia’s Pinctada Maxima produce pearls
with more than a dozen of color shades. The rarest and most valuable pearls
produced are the ones with gold and silver colors. A range of delicate shades,
among others, silver, champagne, brilliant white, pink and gold, with the
Imperial Gold Pearl as the most magnificent of all pearls. The Impe-
rial Gold Color Pearl produced by oysters cultivated in pristine
Indonesian waters is in reality the Queen of South Sea Pearl.
This majestic brooch is a splendid combination of Indonesian South Sea
Pearls and Blue Sapphire. The superb luster of pearls coupled with the
liverly glitters of sapphire gems create a majestic beauty, pleasing the
eyes of the beholders and to the mind of the wearer.
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Collection of Permata Bunda
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The Indonesian
Pearling Industries
For nearly 400 hundred year, pearls and pearl
shells have been the most beautiful objects which
have reached the outside world from the many
islands of the Indonesian Archipelago.
DEVELOPMENT PEARL CULTIVATION IN INDONESIA
The trial tests of pearl culture in Indonesia started in Buton, Southeast
Sulawesi as from 1921 by a group of Japanese experts led by Dr. M. Fujita, a
leading researcher in pearl cultivation. The venture was financed by the Mit-
subishi Corporation from Japan. The test culture was using the Golden Pearl
Oyster (Pinctada Maxima Jameson) collected from the Arafura Sea, specifi-
cally around the Aru Islands Group. After seven years of trial and error, the test
culture finally succeeded in producing rounded pearls with attractive colors
and luster. Thereafter, the sponsor, Mitsubishi Corporation, established the
South Sea Pearl Corp. Ltd. (Nanyo Shinju Kabushiki Kaisha) which was operat-
ing the pearl farming business. The operation ended in 1941 due to the World
War II.
In 1958, the trial test activities for pearl culture were resumed by Indonesian
researchers and experts from the Indonesian Center for Marine Fishery. The ef-
forts were then continued by the Indonesian Research Center for Marine Fish-
ery as from 1962. The trial tests for pearl culture of Pinctada Margaritifera were
conducted in the Gulf of Jakarta and in Semayang Island, Riau Islands Group.
The Research Center also tested the pearl culture of Pinctada Lentiginosa in
the Kalabahi Gulf, Alor, East Nusa Tenggara. The tests did not come out as ex-
pected. As from 1960, pearl culture activities were started using wild Pinctada
Maxima oysters collected from their natural habitat. From 1990s onwards, pearl
farming started using adult oysters reared from hatcheries.
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Indonesian Pearls
PEARL FARMING ACTIVITIES
Pearl farming activities starts with site selection leading to constructing
pearling facilities for cultivation activities.
Site Selection
In pearl farming activity, the selection of culture site is of paramount im-
portance, since the oysters require specific environmental conditions in which
they can grow healthily and produce high quality pearls. Due consideration
has to be given to critical factors such as salinity, water temperature, speed of
water currents, as well as to being free from industrial and domestic effluents
that pose serious hazards to pearl culture. Sheltered bays are ideal locations
for pearl oyster farms. They offer good protection to the culture structures
such as rafts and cages. Shallow coastal waters where the sea is calm most of
the year also provide a suitable site.
Left to Right
* Checking the oysters in the post-grafting Pearls Cultivation
period.
* Floating rafts are frames to hang the pock-
ets in which the oysters are kept during Pearl cultivation operation can be divided into several phases as follows:
cultivation.
collection of healthy adult oysters, hatchery production, nursery rearing,
* Equipment to operating shell including tools
to insert nucleus. growing, grafting/nucleation, pearl formation and harvesting. At each stage
* Sometimes the oyster will reject the nucleus a number of different culture methods are used. The method chosen depends
but the saibo tissue is retained and a pearl
forms around this. A pearl formed in this upon the species cultured and the location or environment of the cultiva-
manner is called a keshi pearl.
tion. In Indonesia, pearl farmers have developed methods and techniques for
Pinctada Maxima that have been adapted for specific characteristics of Indo-
nesian tropical marine environmental conditions.
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For the selection of good quality brood stock,
namely the healthy and productive male and female
oysters, before the 1990s the main source for pearl-
ing activities was collection of adult wild oysters from
the sea-beds. However, after successful trial testing of
hatchery techniques, as from early 1990s Indonesian
pearl farmers have relied on the hatchery production
for pearling oysters. Hatchery production allows selec-
tive breeding for desirable traits and assures a contin-
ual supply of juveniles
Pearl Farming & Pearling Process
Wild Oysters Ready for
Market
Pre-grafting
Selection Loose Pearls
conditioning
(+/- 2 years of
Two dozwns of >12 cm in diameter)
healthy adults
Grafting /
MATURE Post-harvesting
HATCHERY inserting the
OYSTERS
Nucleus
( 12 - 24 months )
Pearling culture
Nursery Rearing On-growing 40 days
HARVESTING
Post-grafting (Pearl formation)
care
(Up to 6 mounths) (Up to 18 mounths) ( 12 Up to 24 mounths)
19
Indonesian Pearls
During this hatchery phase, oysters’ larvae need
micro alga (i.e. aquatic photosynthetic organism) as
their food. A balanced diet consisting of a number of
species of micro-algae has been used in commercial
hatcheries for pearl oysters from spawning until settle-
ment. In Indonesia, the pearl farmers’ needs for larval
feeds are supplied by the Technical Service Units under
the Ministry of Marine And Fisheries Affairs spread all
Taking out the mantle from healthy oyster to get the required char- over the pearl farming regions.
acteristics of the intended pearl.
Good quality oysters generally will be ready to be
nucleated at 21 to 24 months of age. From the time of
nucleation, it takes approximately 18 months to two
years for the pearl to grow to a desirable size, namely
around 10 to 12 millimeters in diameter. (In extreme
cases, the period may be lengthened up to 3.5 years
after nucleation). A medium quality pearl is estimated
to have 1,000 layers of nacre on it, resulting in a nacre
“Saibo”, a small piece of mantle tissue is taken out of each valve
of the donor oyster. thickness of around 0.4 to 0.5 millimeters. A thickness
of around 2 millimeters (nucleus plus nacre layers) af-
ter 2 years is just acceptable. The daily deposition of
nacre can vary from zero to seven layers per day. The
main factors that determine the rate of deposition are,
among others, the water temperature and the physiol-
ogy of the individual oyster. The culture period neces-
sary is also dependent on the size of the nucleus.
The technician carefully inserts the nucleus into the oyster through When the desirable size of pearl is achieved, harvest
a slit into the oyster’s body.
can be done. Harvest is done using two methods. For
oyster that has the potential to produce good quality
pearl, the existing pearl will be taken out by another
mean of operation and re-inserted directly with new
nucleus. The rest of the oysters will be killed and the
pearl harvested. Not all oysters harvested produce
pearls. A harvest is considered good when more than
55% oysters harvested are containing pearls.
Harvesting is done by taking out the pearl from inside the oyster. The
one shown is the case in which the oyster is not re-inserted.
20
World Class Quality Product
The harvested pearls are then washed with neutral soap or salt brine to
remove slime and dirt. Then they are rinsed with clean fresh water, dried and
sorted. Sorting process results in different categories of harvest results: gem
quality pearls, misshapen pearls and reject pearls. The distribution of each
group depends on the quality of men-nature cooperation, where nature dom-
inates. Gem quality pearls are then further weighed and sorted according to
size, color, surface characteristics and luster. Misshapen pearls are marketed
for use in various pieces of jewelry. Reject pearls are used in pharmaceuticals.
The process of inserting the
nucleus into oyster requires the
utmost care.
The nuclei are produced from
freshwater mussels of Unionids
genus found in the Missisippi wa-
ters. The shells are cut into cubes
and then rounded off to make
them suitable for insertion.
21
Indonesian Pearls
This magnificent necklace combines
beautifully Indonesian pearls and styl-
ish beads finely ornamented with dia-
monds. The beads represent aquatic
animals accompanying the pearl oysters
in the seabeds. The impressive luster of
pearls enhanced by lively glitters of dia-
monds create an elegant impression of a
lovely piece of jewelry.
Collection of Permata Bunda
22
World Class Quality Product
GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS TO SUPPORT
THE PEARLING INDUSTRY
To promote Indonesian pearls, a series of integrated activities have been
organized, among others, promotional exhibition both within the country
and overseas, pearl auctions and trade fairs. The Indonesian Government
through the Ministry of trade encourage and support pearl businessmen to
actively participate in international trade fairs in jewelry so as to penetrate
the world market. On top of those, the Indonesian Government has also es-
tablished the Annual Indonesian Pearl Auction in Surabaya started as from
2007. This annual event is organized jointly by the Government through the
Ministry of Fishery and Marine Affairs in coordination with Asbumi (Indone-
sian Pearl Culture Association)
At production stage, the Indonesian Government through the Ministry of
Fishery and Marine Affairs supports the pearling industries through research
and development activities with regards to breeding of high quality oysters
and improvement in pearling activities. The Government also provides high
quality feeds for spats to pearl farming business, on top of providing techni-
cal training on grafting and farming management.
As the guidelines for the activities to develop the pearling industries, the
Government promulgated the Presidental Act No.32/1990 on The Manage-
ment of Pearl Cultivation Areas which regulates spatial arrangements that
specify boundaries to ensure the environmental conditions that are condu-
cive for pearling industries. Law no. 24/1992 on Spatial Management of Land
Use specifies areas allocated for different purposes that includes areas for
pearling activities.
The Government facilitated the establishment of Asbumi (Indonesian
Pearl Culture Association) as the intermediary with the pearling business. As
an independent entity, the organization’s overall objective is to collectively A pearl consists of the nucleus
covered by thousand layers of
improve the quality of Indonesian pearls in order to have a strengthened po-
conchiolin. Conchiolin is crys-
sition in the world market. talline material that reflects the
lights creating the pearl’s luster.
23
Indonesian Pearls
PRODUCTION CENTERS OF INDONESIAN PEARL FARM-
ING
As the biggest producer of South Sea Pearl, Indonesia recorded produc-
tion figure of 12 tons in 2005. This figure is expected to increase to 18 tons
by 2009. Indonesian cultured South Sea pearls are produced in the following
areas: 1) the waters surrounding Bali; (2) Nusa Tenggara (Lombok and Sum-
bawa); (3) Sulawesi (Celebes); (4) Maluku (Moluccas) islands, and in 5) Papua
Province.
Bali’s pearl farms are located in the calm waters off the island’s north-west-
ern coast, in the Buleleng District, near Gerokgak.
Nusa Tenggara is the biggest producer of high quality South Sea Pearls in
Indonesia. There are several pearl farms in the West Nusa Tenggara region of
Lombok, known for its “golden pearls” from the Gold-Lipped oyster. Lombok
has over 24 active pearl farms, on or near Sekotong’s ten islands, on south-
western tip of Lombok. Pearls produced by pearl farms in Nusa Tenggara in-
creased from 689 kilograms in 2001 to 1,800 kilograms in 2005 and around
2,000 kilograms in 2006. In 2009, total pearl production is expected to reach
2.8 tons.
ESTIMATED FARMING AREA POTENTIAL BY
PRODUCTION CENTERS (IN HECTARES)
OTHER, 3,705
B A L I, 18,900
PAPUA, 37,200
NUSA TENGGARA , 23,380
SULAWESI, 10,500
MALUKU, 31,125
(Source: Provincial Offices of Marine and Fishery Affairs)
24
World Class Quality Product
Pearl farming on Sulawesi island takes place within Tomini Bay, in the
waters off of the Togian Islands archipelago, and around the Banggai Archi-
pelago off Sulawesi’s north-east coast.
Maluku (the Molucca islands) are located in the eastern part of Indonesia
near Malaysia. Pearl farming in the Moluccas (Maluku Province) takes place
around the Aru Islands group (Aroe Islands), a cluster of 95 islands in the Ara-
fura Sea, and on Ambon Island in the Seram island group. Pearling has been
a part of Aruese trade for hundreds of years. Pearl culturing began on Aru in
the early 1900s as part of Kokichi Mikimoto’s quest for the Pinctada maxima’s
perfect growing conditions.
ESTIMATED PRODUCTION POTENTIAL BY
PRODUCTION CENTERS ( WEIGHT IN TONS)
OTHER, 0.60
B A L I, 3.00
PAPUA, 6.00
NUSA TENGGARA , 3.72
SULAWESI, 1.68
MALUKU, 5.00
(Source: Provincial Offices of Marine & Fishery Affairs)
Papua Province is a remote and unpolluted region that is known as the
“The last primitive land on the earth.” In this Papua province, pearl farms are
located within the Raja Ampat (Four Kings) archipelago, at Alyui Bay’s Waigeo
Island.
25
Indonesian Pearls
Production Centers of Indonesian Pearl Farming
Bali
Lombok
Indonesia boasts of having 95,181 kilometers of coastline which is one among the longest in the world
26
World Class Quality Product
Bali
Estimated Potential Production
3,5 Ton
Estimated Potential Farming Pearl
22,000 Ha
Nusa Tenggara
Estimated Potential Production
3,7 Ton
Estimated Potential Farming Pearl
24,000 Ha
Sulawesi
Estimated Potential Production
3,0 Ton
Estimated Potential Farming Pearl
18,000 Ha
Maluku Maluku ( incl. Ambon )
Estimated Potential Production
Papua 4,0 Ton
Estimated Potential Farming Pearl
26,000 Ha
Ambon Papua
Estimated Potential Production
Sulawesi 5,0 Ton
Estimated Potential Farming Pearl
32,000 Ha
27
Indonesian Pearls
28
World Class Quality Product
Indonesian Pearls in Figures
Exports by Country of Destinations
Natural Pearls
HS 710110 Thousand USD
COUNTRY 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*
1 JAPAN 659 1045 561 88 - 76
2 AUSTRALIA 702 - - 1 - -
3 PHILIPPINE - - 507 - - -
4 HONGKONG 26 40 117 155 3 -
5 SINGAPORE 110 - 26 27 - -
6 CHINA - - - 38 - -
7 OTHERS 19 - - 5 2 12
TOTAL 1,516 1,085 1,211 314 5 88
* Jan-June 2007 Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureua of Statistics, 2007
More than half (58%) of Indonesian Natural Pearls (HS 710110) were
exported to Japan. The second export destination country is Australia
followed by Phillipine, Hongkong and Singapore .
Unworked Cultured Pearls
HS 710121 Thousand USD
COUNTRY 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*
1 JAPAN 6,000 12,299 2,149 4,764 5,146 3,771
2 AUSTRALIA 130 1,656 2,084 4,833 7,315 1,747
3 HONGKONG 993 - 265 101 2 -
4 SINGAPORE 504 - 16 - - -
5 OTHERS 20 - - - 44 -
TOTAL 7,646 13,955 4,514 9,699 12,508 5,518
* Jan-June 2007 Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureua of Statistics, 2007
The biggest quantities of Indonesian unworked cultured pearls (HS
710121) were exported to Japan (with an average share of 65%), followed
by Australia (13%), Hongkong (7 %) and Singapore (5 %).
29
Indonesian Pearls
Worked Cultured Pearls
HS 710122 Thousand USD
COUNTRY 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*
1 JAPAN 1,065 2,087 116 623 536 437
2 HONGKONG 1,113 0.36 - 2 209 125
3 SINGAPORE 17 0.05 25 46 119 163
4 OTHERS 114 0.21 - 51 32 13
TOTAL 133,178 2,707 141 722 896 739
* Jan-June 2007 Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureua of Statistics, 2007
Japan is also the biggest export destination for Indonesian worked cultured
pearls (HS 710122), followed by Hongkong (37%)
Articles of Pearls
HS 710122 Thousand USD
COUNTRY 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*
1 JAPAN 150 93 174 - 143 142
2 HONGKONG - - - 12 123 344
3 UNITED STATES 82 4 33 - - 916
4 CHINA - - - - 118 -
5 OTHERS 20 34 3 28 65 17
TOTAL 252 131 210 40 385 1,419
* Jan-June 2007 Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007
30
World Class Quality Product
Exports By Province
Natural Pearls
HS 710110 Thousand USD
PROVINCE 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*
1 BALI 297 747 455 3 3 -
2 D K I JAKARTA 1.081 338 752 243 2 88
3 CENTRAL JAVA 110 - - - - -
4 EAST JAVA 3 - 4 41 - -
5 NUSA TENGGARA 26 - - - - -
6 EAST KALIMANTAN - - - 27 - -
TOTAL 1,517 1,085 1,211 314 5 88
* Jan-June 2007 Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007
Unworked Cultured Pearls
HS 710121 Thousand USD
PROVINCE 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*
1 BALI 318 - 1,449 5,454 7,633 1,934
2 D K I JAKARTA 3,363 135 100 3,680 4,283 3,139
3 NUSA TENGGARA 48 100 - 167 48 29
4 SULAWESI 259 56 101 223 223 21
5 PAPUA 2.,155 2,962 1,158 - - -
6 SUMATERA - - 424 73 - -
TOTAL 6,144 3,252 3.232 9,596 12,188 5,122
* Jan-June 2007 Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007
After a dip in 2004, Indonesian exports of unworked cultured pearls (HS
710121) rebounded to reach more than US$ 12 millions. The fluctuations
had been influenced by pearling cultivation related to climatic conditions.
31
Indonesian Pearls
Worked Cultured Pearls
HS 710122 Thousand USD
PROVINCE 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*
1 BALI 182 151 108 687 757 696
2 D K I JAKARTA 1,744 1.937 338 - 92 42
3 NUSA TENGGARA - - - 35 46 -
4 SULAWESI 380 - - - - -
TOTAL 2,306 2,088 141 722 895 739
* Jan-June 2007 Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007
Indonesian export of worked cultured pearls (HS 710122) also experi-
enced a dip in 2004. Thereafter, export values had rebounded, although
had not reached the levels in the previous years. Bali is also the major
exporting port for Indonesian worked cultured pearls (HS 710122).
Articles of Pearls
HS 710122 Thousand USD
PROVINCE 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007*
1 D K I JAKARTA 1 109 200 - 143 93
2 BALI 78 5 341 28 123 295
3 EAST JAVA 23 17 8 120 118 16
4 PAPUA - - 2 - - -
TOTAL 102 130 551 148 385 504
* Jan-June 2007 Source: Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007
Except for a dip in 2005, Indonesian exports of Pearl Jewelry (HS 711610)
shows encouraging trend to reach almost US$ 400,000. DKI Jakarta is the
dominating export for the product, followed by Bali.
32
World Class Quality Product
The brooch displays the magnificence
of Indonesian South Sea Pearls. The
beholders’ eyes will be surely attracted
to the two silver white pearls. The skill-
ful hands of Indonesian artisans finely
crafted all the “leaves and flowers” that
are ornamented with glittering diamonds.
The brooch is hand crafted in platinum
that have been beautifully hand en-
graved. This brooch will become a styl-
ish adornment for people with refined
artistic taste, pleasant to see, and even
more so to wear.
Collection by
Handara Exclusive Jewelry
33
Indonesian Pearls
Major Importing Countries
J A PA N
HS 710110
HS 710121
HS 710122
OTHERS
12.9%
FR.POLYNESIA
28.7%
HONG KONG
13.0%
INDONESIA
14.1%
AUSTRALIA
31.4%
Import 2005 Source: Intracen, WTO, 2007
For Japan, Indonesia is the third major supplier of all pearl types (HS
710110, plus HS 710121 plus HS 710122), with import shares ranging
from 14% up to 21%.
HONGKONG
HS 710110
HS 710121
HS 710122
USA, PR, USVI
OTHERS CHINA
6%
23% 14%
INDONESIA
12%
AUSTRALIA
% JAPAN
19%
Import 2005 (Source:Intracen, WTO, 2007)
In Hongkong’s imports, Indonesia has always been a major supplier
of pearls (at the third place) with shares ranging from 12% up to
17%)
34
World Class Quality Product
AU S T R A L I A
HS 710110
HS 710121
HS 710122
OTHERS USA, PR, USVI
FR. POLYNESIA
18% 7%
8%
HONG KONG
14%
INDONESIA
28% PHILIPINES
JAPAN 18%
7%
Import 2005 (Source:Intracen, WTO, 2007)
For Australia, Indonesia has been a major supplier for all types of
pearls (HS 710110, HS 710121 and HS 710122) with an average
share of 28%.
35
Indonesian Pearls
World Trade
World Demand for Different Type of Pearls
Cummulative from 2001 to 2005
( Source: Intracen, WTO, 2007 )
The demand is dominated by cultured pearls, namely pearls that
were produced through cultivation of pearl oysters. Of the cultured
pearls, the ones that have been worked (HS 710122) dominated at
an average share of 62%, with unworked cultured pearls (HS 710121)
World Import of All Type of Pearls 2005
Pearls natural w hether or not
w orked or graded, $71,114
Pearls cultured w orked,
( 5% )
$893,009 , ( 64% )
Pearls cultured unw orked,
$432,908 ( 31% )
( Source: Intracen, WTO, 2007 )
The demand for pearl products has steadily increased at annual
average growth of 5.2% in value terms. Total world imports grew
from US$ 1.142 billions in 2001 to reach almost US$ 1.4 billions in
2005. The demand for pearl increased in line with general market
growth of jewelry with precious gems. The precious gems jewelry
accounted for the bulk majority of jewelry sales in the world.
36
World Class Quality Product
Exporting Countries of Unworked Cultured Pearls 2005
HS 710121
Thousand USD
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
-
French Hong Kong Japan United Australia Indonesia OTHERS
Polynesia (SARC) States of
America
( Source: Intracen, WTO, 2007 )
Exporting Countries of Worked Cultured Pearls 2005
HS 710122
Thousand USD
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
-
Hong Kong Japan Australia China Oceania Nes Indonesia OTHER
(SARC)
( Source: Intracen, WTO, 2007 )
37
Indonesian Pearls
Some Masterpieces of
Indonesian Pearl Jewelry
38
World Class Quality Product
The imagination of Indonesian craftsmen reaches beyond pearls to cover decorative usage of the
smooth and white shell surface of the oysters, the producers of pearls. From their trained hands, a
variety of attractive handicrafts made of the oysters’ inner shell have been created displaying creative
designs. The creativity of Indonesian craftmanship has combined pearls, nature’s perfect gems, with
other beautiful materials to produce a great variety of ornaments for the body, including necklaces,
bracelets, brooches, rings and earrings.
39
Indonesian Pearls
Indonesian South Sea Pearls constitute the dominating gems in the above four rings. The ring with Imperial Gold, Pink White and Bluish White Pearls
are enhanced by diamonds, another type of precious gems, framed beautifully onto the surface just beneath the pearl which is the crown jewel of the
ring. In the ring crowned with Silver White Pearl, the piece is also ornamented with Sapphire gems that multiply its beauty. The rings are hand crafted
by skillful Indonesian craft person in gold and wonderfully engraved with utmost refinement. The jewelry artist designed the ring to clearly display the
magnificence of pearls which become the pointer to lead the viewer in enjoying their splendor. Harmonious combination of pearls and other precious
gems makes the rings to become majestic ornaments to display artistic taste of the wearer, symbolizing grace and elegance.
40
World Class Quality Product
The center point of stylish neckwear is the three elegant
Silver White Pearls coupled with stylish the Blue Topaz
triangle. With the beads made of translucent aqua-ma-
rine as the necklace string, the combination of pearls
and topaz creates a piece of jewelry with a class of its
own. Both the necklace and earrings display a majestic
beauty, pleasing to the eyes and soothing the senses of
both wearer and the beholders.
41
Indonesian Pearls
LIST OF EXPORTERS
1 ARTHA SAMUDRA, PT Fax : (021) 6918206 22 MANEI SOUTHERN PEARL, PT 32 PERMATA BUNDA, CV
Jl. Jati Padang Baru Blok D1-A Jakarta Selatan Jl. Dobo Kab. Maluku Tenggara Nusantara Building Lt 6 Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 59 Jl. Cikini Raya No. 24 , Jakarta Pusat 10330
Telp : (021) 7804361 Telp: (0917) 21088 Jakarta Pusat 10350 Telp : (021) 31934551
Fax : (021) 7801674 Fax: (0917) 21088 Telp : (021) 31936501 Fax : (021) 3106687
asjkt@indosat.net.id CP: Korneles Teb Fax : (021) 31926033 CP : Ratna Zhuhry
CP : Rajendra Nasution CP : Buddyman Rijono
13 DISTHI KUMALA BAHARI, PT 33 RISARIO MUTIARA, CV
2 BIMA BUDIDAYA MUTIARA, PT Jl. Tirtayasa III/8 Jakarta Selatan 23 MAXIMA MUTIARA, PT Jl. Hasil Raya No. 1 Semarang, Jawa Tengah
Jl. Gedong Panjang No. 2-BD Telp : (021) 7265477 Jl. Sumbawa No. 21 Menteng , Telp : (024) 8318933
Jakarta Barat 11240 Fax : (021) 7232311 Jakarta Pusat 10350 Fax : (024) 8446782
Telp : (021) 6918204 - 05, (0374) 44641 dkbjkt@uninet.net.id Telp : (021) 3914290 CP : A. Kengrry Retranubun
Fax : (021) 6918206, (0374) 44641 CP : Indira Hartato Fax : (021) 31923682
Cp : Ahasveros Soumokil CP : Takajo 34 RISUN JAYA, CV
14 DUTA ARU INDAH, CV Jl. Blambangan 20 X Kuta, Bali
3 BIMA SAKTI MUTIARA, PT Jl. Ikan Mujair No. 14 Surabaya Jawa Timur 24 MEGAPURA ARU MUTIARA, PT Telp : (0361) 767177
Gedung Bidakara Lt 6 Jl. Gatot Subroto Telp : (031) 3559271 Jl. Petojo Sabangan 8/44 , Jak-Pus 10160 Fax : (0361) 767176
Kav. 71-73 , Jakarta Selatan 12760 Fax : (031) 3559036 Telp : (021) 3459977 CP : H. Muhammad Sunhaji
Telp : (021) 83793260 CP : Benny Gunawan Fax : (021) 3806162
Fax : (021) 83793258 CP : Jhon Andreas 35 SELAT ALAS, PT
CP : Syamsoelbahri 15 HARNACARAKA, PT Jl. Tenun No. 8 Cakranegara Kota Mataram
Pondok Indah Plaza II No. 14 25 MOLLUCAS MARICULTURE, PT Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat
4 BUDIAYA WAEGIO, UD Jl. Metro Pondok Indah Jl. Raya Pluit SamuderaNo. 7 Telp : (0370) 626819
Jl. Raya Pluit Samudera No. 7 Jakarta Selatan12310 Jakarta Utara 14450 Fax : (0370) 627360
Jakarta Utara 14450 Telp : (021) 7500158 - 9 Telp : (021) 6692962 CP : Budiyanto Halan
Telp : (021) 6692962, (021) 6346115 Fax : (021) 7500183 Fax : (021) 6622910
Fax : (021) 6622910, (021) 6346117 CP : Haryadi Usman CP : Norman Z. Analau 36 TIMOR OTSUKI MUTIARA, PT
Pasir Hitam Desa Morus Pulau Waegio Barat Gedung Gajah Unit ABC Lt. 3 A# BIII
Kab. Raja Empat Papua 16 HIKARI LAMPUNG PERMAI, PT 26 MUTIARA NUSA BUNGA, PT Telp : (021) 6692962
CP : Richard Sinaya Jl. Ahmad Dahlan No. 20 Pahoman Jl. Menteng Dalam Raya No. 3 Fax : (021) 6692910
Bandar Lampung 3500 Jakarta Selatan 12870 CP : Kozuki Hiroaki
6 BUDIDAYA MUTIARATAMA INDONESIA Telp : (0721) 26198 Telp : (021) 8299461
(BUMI), PT Fax : (0721) 251401 Fax : (021) 8299461 37 TIRTAMAS MUTIARA, PT
Jl. Duren Tiga No. 38, Jakarta Selatan 12870 CP : Yoshioki Harada CP : Sukamto Gedung Bidakara Lt 6 Jl. Gatot Subroto
Telp : (021) 7992485 Kav. 71-73, Jakarta Selatan 12760
Fax : (021) 7988640, 7992238 17 KENDARI MUTIARA INDONESIA, PT 27 NTT KURI PEARL, PT Telp : (021) 83793260 - 61
CP : Lyta Iswarini Hapsari GrahaSurya Internusa Build Lt. 12 Jl. Senjaya IV No. 96 Jakarta Selatan 12110 Fax : (021) 83793258
Suite 1205 Telp : (021) 72792588 CP : Jane Maramis
8 CAHAYA CERMELANG, CV Jl. HR. Rasuna Said Kav. X-0 Kuningan Fax : (021) 72792589
Jl.Urip Sumoharjo No. 166 , Makasar 90232 Jakarta Selatan 12950 CP : Takashi Natori 38 TOFICO, PT
Telp : (0411) 452670 - 71 Telp : (021) 5277784 GMT Building Lt. 4 Jl. Widjaya 1 No. 5
Fax : (0411) 452460 Fax : (021) 5276676 28 NUSA INA PEARL, PT Kebayoran, Jakarta Selatan
CP : Harold Tandra CP : Seiji Yoshiyoka Jl. Gedong Panjang No. 2-BD Telp : (021) 7252038 / 39
Jakarta Barat 11240 Fax : (021) 7252052
9 CAHAYA KEMILAU ABADI, CV 18 KOSUMA MUTIARA, PT Telp : (021) 6918204 -05 CP : Yoshiyuki Matsumoto
Jl. Pemuda No. 245 Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara Jl. Pemuda No. 26 Mataram Lombok Fax : (021) 6918206
Telp : (0405) 22410 Nusa Tenggara Barat Jl. Dobo Kab. Maluku Tenggara 39 YELLU MUTIARA, PT
Fax : (0405) 22410 Telp : (0370) 641740 Telp : (0911) 34144 Jl. Gedong Panjang No. 2-BD
Jl. A. Yani No. 42 C-D Kendari Fax : (0370) 634410 Fax : (0911) 34144 Jakarta Barat 11240
Telp : (0401) 395886 Fax : (0401) 395889 CP : Nursia C. Latumahina CP : Willy Tjoa Telp : (021) 6918204 - 05
CP : Herlina Vitus Horens Fax : (021) 6918206
19 KRIDA MARGARITAS, PT 29 NUSANTARA PEARL, Fa
10 CENDANA INDO PEARL, PT Jl. Gedong Panjang No. 2 BD Jl. Gedong Panjang No. 2-BD Jl. Perikanan No. 53 Sorong Irian Jaya
Jl. Waru No. 26 Rawamangun Jakarta Barat 11240 Jakarta Barat 11240 Telp : (0951) 325400
Jakarta Timur 13220 Telp : (021) 6918204 - 5 Telp : (021) 6918204 -05 Fax : (0951) 328201
Telp : (021) 4700409 Fax : (021) 6918206 Fax : (021) 6918206 CP : Fony Gonga
Fax : (021) 4892282 CP : Robert Sukendy CP : Anthony Tanios
ayu@bit.net.id
CP : R.P. Poernomo 20 KYOKKO SINJU INDONESIA, PT 30 ORIENTAL MUTIARA INDONESIA, PT Indonesian Pearl Culture Association
Jl. Lombok No. 62 Menteng Jl. HR. Rasuna Said Kav. X-O Kuningan ( ASBUMI )
11 CHAMAR SENTOSA PT. Jakarta Pusat 10350 Jakarta Selatan 12950 Tiara Buncit Building, Blok A-5, Lt. 2
Jl. Jenderal Sudirman No. 136 Kupang Telp : (021) 31908535 - 6 Telp : (021) 5277784 - 6 Jl. Kemang Utara IX No. 9, Jakarta Selatan
Nusa Tenggara Timur 85119 Fax : (021) 31908537 Fax : (021) 5276676 12760
Telp : (0380) 83270 CP : Sukamoto CP : Seiji Yoshiyoka Telp. (62-21) 7919 6537, 919 5583
Fax : (0380) 831044 Fax. (62-21) 7919 6537
CP : Tony Pitoby 21 MALUKU PEARL DEVELOPMENT, PT 31 PALOMA AGUNG, PT
Gedung Arya Lt. 2 Jl. Gondangdia Lama No. 40 Gedung Selmis Lt. 2 Jl. Asem Baris Raya 52 APPI (Asosiasi Produsen Perhiasan
Jakarta Pusat 10350 Blok-2 No. 8/9 Tebet Jakarta Selatan 12830 Indonesia)
12 DAFIN MUTIARA, PT Telp : (021) 3152084 Telp : (021) 8357317 Jl. Gajah Mada Tower, Room 2007
Jl. Gedong Panjang No. 2-BD Fax : (021) 3152084 Fax : (021) 8295418 Chairman : Loe Iskandar
Jakarta Barat 11240 CP : Patria Hanoach Pieter CP : Satrio Wibowo Secretary General : Iskandar
Telp : (021) 6918204 - 05
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World Class Quality Product
MINISTRY OF TRADE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
JI. M.I. Ridwan Rais No.5 Directorate General of Domestic Trade M.I. National Agency for Export Development
Building I - 3th Floor Ridwan Rais No.5 Building I, 6th Floor Jakarta (NAFED) JI. Kramat Raya No. 172
Jakarta 10110 INDONESIA 10110 - INDONESIA Jakarta 10430 - INDONESIA
Phone [62-21] 384 8667, 345 6318, Phone (62-21) - 3858183,385 8193, Phone (62-21) - 31900901,310 0569
3841961 Ext1200 Ext.1105, 1103 Ex1.413
Fax. [62-21] 384 6106 Fax (62-21) - 3857338 Fax (62-21) 319 04914
E-mail. mendag@depdag.go.id E-mail. dirJen-pdn@depdag.go.id E-mail. kabpen@depdag.go.id
(62-21) - 3848666,384 1961 Ext.1384 Commodity Future Trading Regulatory
(62-21)-3441759 sesjen@depda9•90.id Directorate General of Foreign Trade Agency (COFTRA)
(62-21) - 384 8662, 3841961 Ext.1226 JI. M.I. Ridwan Rals NO.5 Building ii, 1st Floor Gedung Bumi Daya Plaza 4th Floor
(62-21) - 384 8662 Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA JI. Imam Bonjol NO.61
irjen@depdag.go.id Phone (62-21) - 3858204, 3860940 Jakarta 10310 -INDONESIA
Ext.1192, 1104 Phone (62-21) 315 6315
Secretary General Fax (62-21) - 3858190 Fax (62-21) 315 6135
JI. M.1. Ridwan Rals No.5 Building I, 4th Floor E-mail djdaglu@depdag.go.id E-mail. kabappebti@depdag.go.id
Jakarta Pusat Website www.bappebti.go.ld
Phone Facsimile E-mail
Directorate General of International Trade Trade Research and Development Agency
Inspectorate General Cooperation JI. M.1. Rldwan Rais NO.5 Building (TREDA)
JI. M.1. Ridwan Rais No.5 Building I, 10th Floor I, 5th Floor, Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA JI. M.1. Ridwan Rais NO.5 Building
Jakarta Pusat Phone (62-21) - 344 0408,3858171 17th Floor
Ext.1004 Jakarta 10110 - INDONESIA
Fax (62-21) - 385 8185 Phone (62-21) 344 0060, 384 1961
E-mail. djkpi@depdag.go.id Ext.1360
Facx (62-21) 345 2393
E-mail kabalitbang@depdag.go.id
INDONESIAN COMMERCIAL ATTACHE
Australia Thailand Saudi Arabia
Indonesian Embassy. 8, Darwin Avenue, Yarralumia Indonesian Embassy . 600 - 602 Petchburi Road Indonesian Embassy Riyadh Diplomatic Quarter PO.
Canberra A.c.T. 2600 Australia Rajthevi PO BOX 1318 Box 94343
Phone : (6162) - 625 08654 Bangkok 10400, Thailand Riyadh 11693 Saudi Arabia
Fax : (6162) - 62730757 Phone : (0066-2) - 2551264, 255 3135 ext.123 Phone : (0966-1) - 488 2800, 488 2131 ext.120
E-mail : atdag-aus@depdag.go.id atperdag@ Fax : (0066-2) - 2551264, 2551267 Fax : (0966-1) - 488 2966
cyberone.com.au E-mail : atdag-tha@depdag.go.id E-mail : atdag-sau@depdag.go.id
Website : www.kbri-canberra.org.au indagtha i@hotmail.com atdagruhsa@awalnet.net.sa
Egypt
Japan Philippines Indonesian Embassy.
Indonesian Embassy .5-2-9, Higashi Gotanda Indonesian Embassy . 185, Salcedo Street. Legaspi 3, Aisha EL Taimoira St. Garden City PO BOX 1661
Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 1410022, Japan Village, Makati City Metro Manila Philippines Cairo 1661, Republic of Egypt
Phone : (81-03) - 344 14201,344 70596 Phone : (632) - 892 5061-68, 894 4561 Phone : (20-2) - 794 4698,794 7200-9
Fax : (81-03) - 344 71 697 Fax : (632) - 892 5878, 867 4192 Fax : (20-2) - 796 2495
E-mail : atdag-jpn@depdag.go.id E-mail : atdag-phl@depdag.go.id E-maii : atdag-egy@depdag.go.id
hbagis17@yahoo.com perdag@info.com.ph hardaw j ndag@access.com.eg
South Korea Malaysia Austria
Indonesian Embassy. 55, Yoido-dong Young deoung Indonesian Embassy Jalan Tun Razak No.233 Indonesian Embassy
po-ku Seoul South Korea. Kuala Lumpur 50400, Malaysia Gustav Tschermak Gasse 5-7 Wina A-1180 Austria
Phone : (0082-2) - 782 7750, 783 5371 Phone : (0060-03) - 214 52011 Or 21434835 ext. 308 Phone : (431) - 476 2341
Fax : (0082-2) - 780 4280, 783 7750 Fax : (0060-30) - 214 7908, 214 48407 Fax : (431) - 479 0557
E-mail : atdag-kor@depdag.go.id E-mail : atdag-mys@depdag.go.id indagkl@ E-mail : atdag-aut@depdag.go.id
stpsdt@hotmail.com pd.jaring.my
United Kingdom
People’s Republic of China India Indonesian Embassy
Indonesian Embassy . San Li Tun Diplomatic Office Indonesian Embassy. 50-A Chanakyapuri 38 Grosvenor Square. London W1 k 2HW United
Building B, Beijing 100600, China New Delhi 110021 India Kingdom
Phone : (00861) 653 24748, 653 25400-3014 Phone : (0091-11)-61141000,6886763 Phone : 44-20) - 772 909613, 749 97881
Fax : (00861) 653 25368 Fax : (0091-11) - 688 5460, 687 4402 Fax : (44-20) - 7945 7022
E-mail : atdag-chn@depdag.go.id E-mail : atdag-ind@depdag.go.id E-mail : atdag-gbr@depdag.go.id
indagbei@public3.bta.net.cn indoemb@nda.vsnl.net.in atperdaglondon@aol.com
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Indonesian Pearls
Netherlands Russia Switzerland
Indonesian Embassy . 8, Tobias Asserlaan Indonesia Embassy . Commercial Attache Office Indonesian Mission to The United Nations and
2517 KC The Hague, The Netherlands Korovy val7 Ent 3, FI. 8 Apt 76 Moscow 117049, Other International Organizations 16, Rue de Saint
Phone : (31) - 703108115 Republic Russia Jean
Fax : (31) -7036 43331 Phone : (7-095) - 238 5281, 238 3014 Geneva 1203 Switzerland
E-mail : atdag-nld@depdag.go.id Fax : (7-095) - 238 5281 Phone : (0041-22) - 339 7010
atperdag@indonesia.nl E-mail : atdag-rus@depdag.go.id atdag@online.ru Fax : (0041-22) - 339 7025
E-mail : atdag-che@depdag.go.id
Germany United Arab Emirates a Ifons_ptri@hotmail.com alfons-sa mosir@ties.itu.int
Lehter Strasse 16-17 0-10557 Berlin 53175 Germany Indonesia Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) Flat NoA03,
Phone : (49-30) - 478 0700 ArbitTower, 4th Floor, Baniyas Street, Deira P.O. Box Singapore
Fax : (49-30) - 478 07209 41664 Dubai U.A.E 7 Chatsworth Road Singapore 249761
E-mail : atdag-deu@depdag.go.id Phone : (971 4) - 422 78544 Phone : (65) - 6737 5420, 683 95458
budseto@yahoo.com Fax : (971 4) - 422 78545 Fax : (65) - 6737 5037, 6735 2027
E-mail : atdag-sgp@depdag.go.id
Belgium Denmark depperindag@paclfic.net.sg
Indonesian Mission to The European Communities Oerehoej Aile 1, 2900 Hellerup Copenhagen, Denmark
Boulevard de la Woluwe 38 Brussels B-1200, Belgium Phone : (45-39) - 624 422, 624 883 (D) Hong Kong
Phone : (322) - 779 0915 Fax : (45-39) - 624 483 Consulate General 127-129 Leighton Road Causeway
Fax : (322) - 772 8190 E-mail : atdag-dnk@depdag.go.id Bay Hong Kong
E-maii: atdag-bxl@depdag.go.id atperi ndagbxl@ atperindag-de@mail.dk Phone : (852) - 289 02481, 289 04421
chello.be Fax : (852) - 289 50139
Canada E-mail : kondag-hkg@depdag.go.id
Italy Indonesian Embassy 55 Parkdale Avenue indaghk@hk.linkage.net hmunandar@hotmail.com
Indonesian Embassy Via Nomentana, 55 00161 Rome Ottawa Ontario KIY 1 ES Canada
Italy Phone : (613) -7241100 United States of America
Phone : (0139-6) - 420 0911, 420 09168 Fax : (613) - 724 7932 2020 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W. Washington DC
Facsimiie : (0129-6) - 488 0280, 420 10428 E-mail : atdag-can@depdag.go.id ca 20036
E-mail: atdag-ita@depdag.go.id lovenatassa@yahoo. budh i@indonesia_ottawa.org United States of America
com Website : www.indonesia_ottawa.org Phone : (202) - 775 5350, 775 5200 ext. 350
Fax : (202) - 775 5354, 775 5365
Spain France E-mail : atdag-usa@depdag.go.id
Indonesian Embassy 65, Calle de Agastia Madrid Indonesian Embassy 47-49 Rue Cortambert Paris
28043 Spain 75116 France
Phone : (34-91) - 413 0294 Phone : (33-1) - 450 302760, 450 44872
Fax : (34-91) - 415 7792 Fax : (33-1) - 450 45032
E-mail : atdag-esp@depdag.go.id E-mail : atdag-fra@depdag.go.id
atperdag@lander.es serdagparis@magic.fr
Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC)
Australia Italy United States of America Indonesian Trade
Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) - 5ydney Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) - Milan Promotion Center (ITPC) - Los Angeles
Level 2 , 60 Pitt Street Sydney 2000, Australia Via General Fara 39 Milan 3457, Wilshire, Blvd, Suite 101 Los Angeles 90010 USA
E-mail : itpuidney@depdag.go.id Phone : (213) - 3877041
Hungary Fax : (213) - 3877047
Brazil Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) - Budapest E-mail : itpc-usa@depdag.go.id
Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) - 5ao Paulo H-1051 Budapest, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky ut.12, IV Floor, No. 205 itpcla@aol.com
Edifico Park Lane Conj. 111, Alamedia Santos No. 171 Cerquiera Budapest Hungary
Cesar, CEF: 01419.002 Sao Paulo Phone : (36-1) - 317 6382 Indonesian Economic and Trade Office
Phone : (55) -11 - 326 30472 Fax : (36-1) - 266 0572
Fax : (55) -11 - 325 8126 E-mail : itpc-hun@depdag.go.id
E-mail : itpc-bra@depdag.go.id inatrade@itpc-bud.hu Taiwan (a province of China)
djamia nJgaol@yahoo.com Indonesian Economic and Trade Office to Taipei 6F,
South Africa NO.550, Rui Guang Road, Nelhu District
Japan Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) - Johannesburg (Twin Head Building) Taipei 114 Taiwan
Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPe) - Japan Suite 02/E4 Village Walk Shopping Centre Sandton Johan-
ITM-4-J-8, Asia and Pasific Trade Center 2-1-10 Nanko Kita, nesburg South Africa Phone : (886-2) - 875 26170
5uminoe-ku Phone : (27) - 118 - 846 240 Fax : (886-2) - 874 23706
Osaka 559-0034 Japan Fax : (27) - 118 - 846 242 E-mail : tukdei-twn@depdag.go.id
Phone : (06) - 6615 5350 E-mail : firdaus@itpcjhb.co.za Note:
Fax : (06) - 6615 5351
E-mail: itpc-jpn@depdag.go.id itpc@itpc.or.jp
For your complete reference on the Republic of Indonesia
Germany representative offices
Indonesian Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) - Hamburg wor!d-wide, please kindly access:
Glockengie~erall17 20095 Hamburg www.deplu.go.id
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World Class Quality Product
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Indonesian Pearls
creative by :
double_P_creative@myway.com
Picture taken by : Ministry of Trade Republic of Indonesia
Jl. M.I. Ridwan Rais No. 5. Building 1-7th Floor
double P creative Jakarta 10110 Indonesia
Darwis Triadi
Disthi Telp. : (62-21) 3440060
Maku-maku Fax. : (62-21) 3452393
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World Class Quality Product
