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888honeybaba
An Introduction to Semi Precious Stones
Associated History and Beliefs
Kambaba Jasper
Semi Precious Stones
Agate Amazonite Amethyst Anglesite Aquamarine
Aventurine Black Onyx Blue Goldstone Carnelian Chalcedony
Citrine Coral Diamond Emerald Fluorite
Fossil Coral Garnet Goldstone Hematite Howlite
Iolite Jade Jasper Kyanite Labradorite
Larimar Larvikite Magnesite Malachite Moonstone
Mother of Pearl Moukaite Obsidian Opal Peridot
Petrified Wood Quartz Rhodonite Rhyolite Ruby
Sapphire Sodalite Tiger Iron Tiger Eye Tourmaline
Turquoise Unakite
Agate
Agate is a type of chalcedony quartz that forms by filling a cavity in a rock. When extracted, the lay-
ers that have formed resemble that of tree rings. Varieties of Agate are formed by the differences in
shape and colour of these bands. The varieties in colour can be anywhere in the colour spectrum,
with blue and green specimens showing up from time to time, albeit rare.
Agate, while physically identical to quartz, is also chemically identical to jasper, petrified wood and
tiger’s eye. Petrified (Agatised) wood is actually Agate that has replaced the organic matter of the
tree slowly over a long span of time. The structure of the tree remains, but the tree itself is a fossil.
Agate is also commonly found in geodes.
There are many diverse types of Agate beads found all over the world. In North America the majority
of Agate produced comes from the western states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and Cali-
fornia. Lace Agate has been found in southern California, Mexico and Texas, and is translucent blue
and white. Some moss Agate is found Yellowstone National Park and the Yellowstone River of Mon-
tana, and can be anywhere from white to green Agate with green to brown to red with black inclu-
sions that resemble moss or landscapes dotted with trees.
For centuries, Agate has been used as a valuable talisman that was said to quench thirst, protect
from fevers and make the wearer agreeable. Eye amulets are used to cure skin disease and ward off
the “evil eye”. White forms of Agate were used to cure bouts of insomnia. Moss Agate has been worn
to help the health of one’s eyes and mouth. Agate is also used to make mortars and pestles as well
as the fulcrum for balances. Shooting marbles were commonly made of Agate as well. Agate can be
chemically and/or heat treated to almost any colour. Many of the colour banded Agates on the mar-
ket have been altered in some way or another.
Amazonite
(also known as the Amazon Stone)
A part of the Microcline class of the Feldspar group, this gemstone’s name comes from the belief that
it came from the Amazon River in South America. It is an iridescent stone that varies in colour from
pale green to blue green. Different shades of these colours can show up in the same stone, as Ama-
zonite is not uniform in colour. Amazonite is found in granite rocks and is mined throughout the world
in places like Brazil, Madagascar, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Australia, Russia, and the U.S. Amazonite is
usually set as a cabochon since it breaks easily if faceted. It is not produced synthetically. Amazonite
is thought to improve skin, alleviate stress and exhaustion. Women were told to wear Amazonite to
keep marriages happy.
Amethyst
Amethyst is macrocrystalline quartz and is one of the best selling gemstones in the world. Like
Agate, Amethyst is found in geodes. In ancient times, the Greeks used to think that amethyst would
protect those who wore it from becoming drunk. The name Amethyst is derived from the Greek Ame-
thystos which when translated is “not drunken”. Amethyst has also been used to encourage celibacy,
erase evil thoughts and keep one grounded. Amethyst beads can vary in colour from shades of red-
violet to purple, from a milky colour to green. Heating Amethyst can turn it yellow, brown, and no col-
our at all. In fact, most commercial Citrine are heat treated Amethyst. Amethysts are found in Brazil,
Argentina, Namibia, Canada and the U.S., and are commonly listed as the birthstone for those born
in February.
Angelite Beads
(Anhydrite)
A pale blue variety of calcium sulphate, (gypsum that has lost water then crystallized) that can be
transparent to translucent. It is believed to be helpful in telepathic communication and healing of an-
ger. As the name suggests it is also said to help with inner peace and tranquillity. It is also said to
help with inflammation of the throat and thyroid problems. Anhydrite was renamed Angelite after it
was re-discovered for the New Age crystal users. It is found in Mexico, Peru, Germany and New
Mexico.
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a member of the Beryl family of gemstones, which also includes emeralds and Mor-
ganite. It’s a transparent light blue to sea green in colour, with the more intense coloured specimens
being more valued. Legend has it that aquamarine came from the treasure chests of mermaids, and
because of this, became the lucky stone of sailors. Aquamarine is derived from the Latin words for
aqua (water) and mare (sea). It is said to relieve one of seasickness, nerve pain and toothaches. It is
also said to give the wearer feelings of harmony, friendship and trust. March’s birthstone, Aquama-
rine is found in Brazil, India, Madagascar, Afghanistan and Pakistan. They are usually faceted, and
can be cut into cabochon, but this can result in a cat’s eye effect being created within the stone. It is
a very popular gemstone with designers because of how hard Aquamarine is. It can be cut many
ways without sacrificing the lustre of the gemstone.
Aventurine
A form of Macrocrystalline quartz (meaning the crystals are recognizable with the naked eye), it is
found in Brazil, India, China and Japan. Most Aventurine is reddish brown to yellow with shimmering
metallic particles called mica throughout the stone. If there are any red or brown particles in Aventu-
rine, it is caused by hematite platelets. Some specimens of true green have also been found natu-
rally, but most green, blue and red gems on the market have been dyed. Aventurine is said to bring
peace and promote positive attitude, confidence and tranquillity.
Black Onyx
Onyx itself is a variety of striped Chalcedony that is made up of alternating broad, flat bands of black
and white. Onyx differs from other Agate in the fact that the bands of which it is formed are parallel
and regularly spaced. If the specimen of Onyx is brown and white, it is called Sardonyx. If it’s red and
white, then this Onyx is called Carnelian Onyx. When the specimen is black throughout the bands,
then it is called Black Onyx. Black Onyx can be natural or dyed and was valued by the Greeks and
Romans, used in India to ward off the “evil eye” and used as a worry stone in the Middle East. Onyx
can be found in Uruguay, Germany, Canada and the U.S. It is said to eliminate apathy, stress, nega-
tive thinking, and help with public speaking.
Blue Goldstone
Blue Goldstone is a manmade glass that has copper flecks throughout it. It was originally created in
monasteries, so this glass is frequently found in religious jewellery. It is believed to store energy of
those who touch it. The copper flecks in the glass are believed to help with inflammation and increas-
ing circulation throughout the body.
Carnelian
Carnelian is the name of a specific colour of Agate. Since the name Carnelian comes from the Latin
word for flesh (carnis), and applies to any Agate that is red to brown red in colour. Years ago, Carnel-
ian was used for seals. It is moderately hard and capable of a good polish. Carnelian has been used
for thousands of years. The ancient Egyptians filled tombs with this chalcedony quartz because they
thought it was a great power and could help on the soul’s journey to the afterlife. It is found in Brazil,
Australia, Russia, South America and the United States. Carnelian is thought to stop the flow of
blood, help wounds heal, and aid in the curing of blood diseases.
Chalcedony
Chalcedony is a form of microcrystalline quartz, which in its natural state is waxy or dull. Chalcedony
is commonly referred to those specimens that are a bluish white-grey. It can also be used to describe
those that are a yellow to a deep orange, purple, pink or red. Chalcedony sometimes can be con-
fused with Tanzanite. Petrified wood and bone is made out of chalcedony. Chalcedony is found in
Brazil, India, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and California. It was one of the first raw materials used by
early man. Knives, tools and spear/arrow tips were made out of chalcedony. Some say that Chalced-
ony can be used to help relieve depression, fear, hysteria and touchiness. It is also said to reduce
fever and help eyesight Citrine is a type of quartz that resembles topaz quartz, but it is incorrect to
call it so. It is very available and durable and is sometimes made by heating Amethyst from its char-
acteristic purple-violet colour to the yellow colour of Citrine. Citrine itself can be anywhere from yel-
low to gold, to an orange-brown. Most Citrine is from Brazil, and is thought to give protection from
snake venom and evil thoughts. While Citrine may be durable, it is still advised to keep it from heat
and intense light.
Coral
Most people think that any type of coral can be used for jewellery, but, in fact, only two species
(“Corallium rubrum” and “Corallium Japonicum”) are used to make the familiar red jewellery. Pearls
and coral are chemically similar (both are over 90% carbonic limes) Coral can grow up to 40cm tall
with branches that are only 4cm thick. It is from this small part of the coral that materials are har-
vested to create jewellery. At first glance the coral is naturally dull with a matte finish to it. Only after
polishing coral, does the glossy lustre come out. It has a wide range of colour from red to white, blue
to black and brown.
Do not use any cosmetic products, hot water or bright intense light around coral. You should also
avoid any hard blows or chemicals when wearing coral because of how porous the material is. It is a
very popular first piece of jewellery for young girls, and is used to ward off evil spirits, soothe fears
and tension. Helps aid difficulties of the lungs and digestion tract. Coral beads have been used as
jewellery since prehistoric times. It has been found in Celtic tombs, and was a symbol of wealth in
China during the Qing dynasty. Tibetan lamas still use coral rosaries, as coral is one of the seven
treasures in Buddhist scriptures.
Diamond Beads
A highly refractive crystalline form of carbon that is second to none in its hardness. The name dia-
mond is derived from the Greek word "Adamas" or "invincible". Found on all continents (except Ant-
arctica), natural diamond crystallizes at approx. 110 miles into the Earth's upper mantle at tempera-
tures ranging from 900 - 1200 degrees Celsius. It is then eventually transported to the surface of the
earth by specific types of volcanic eruptions. Diamonds come in all the colours of the rainbow, al-
though we consider the most valuable to be colourless. Diamonds were associated with divinity and
good luck to those who carried them. Ownership of this gem in the past was very restricted and only
kings could own all colours! The ancient Greeks believed that diamonds were the tears of gods and
the Romans afterward thought that diamonds were the splinters of stars. The birthstone of April,
Western culture now associates diamonds with wealth, power, eternity and love.
Emerald
Emerald is the green variety of the mineral beryl, and is the most famous green gemstone of them
all. Its’ trademark green colour is caused by chromium impurities. How much or how little of this will
determine the amount of green hue the emerald will have. The deeper green a specimen is, the more
it will cost and visa versa. In fact, a pale emerald won't be called an emerald at all, but is instead re-
ferred to as "green beryl". If green beryl is then heat treated, it becomes another member of the beryl
family, the aquamarine. It’s said that Cleopatra wore emeralds from her mine in Upper Egypt. The
Russian Crown Jewels were adorned with them, and Emperor Nero was said to look through an em-
erald to calm his eyes as he watched the fights in the coliseum. Since emerald is one of the softest
gemstones, be very careful when wearing it. Internal cracks can develop if dropped too hard or if
there is an extreme change in the temperature. The birthstone of May, Emerald is said to soothe the
eye, drive away evil spirits and empower its owner with foresight into the future.
Fluorite Beads (Fluorspar)
Fluorite is the Latin word meaning “to flow”. It has been used both as flux and in the production of
hydrofluoric acid for years. When this stone is viewed under UV light, it exhibits fluorescence, which
is where the name “fluorescent” comes from. Fluorite can come in many colours. From rose to pink,
yellow, green, purple, white, blue to nearly colourless. Many times, Fluorite is found banded with any
of the above listed colours. It is said to help clear the mind and help heighten mental achievement
while increasing the ability to concentrate. It is also used in the treatment of bones, teeth and cell
structure. It is found in Illinois (the state mineral), England and Colorado
Fossil Coral (Agatised Coral)
Over time, ancient coral has been gradually replaced with Agate. The fossilized coral appears as
small “flowers” on the stone. Can be found in brown, gray, black, white, yellow and every once and
awhile, red. Most specimens are found in Georgia and Florida (which in 1979 became Florida’s state
stone). Sailors used to wear talismans of fossilized coral to ward off bad weather. People wear coral
to ward off the ‘evil eye’, and is commonly associated with the female reproductive system.
Garnet
Garnet comes from the Latin word “granatus” (seed-like) for the resemblance to the seeds of the
pomegranate. It is the birthstone for January, and although known for being a deep red, it can also
be found in shades of yellow, green, pink, white and gray. A resistant stone that can stand up to eve-
ryday wear and tear, it is commonly used as an indicator mineral for locating diamonds. Garnet is
formed under the same intense temperatures and pressure and is commonly formed with diamonds,
just in larger quantities. Ancient Greeks and Romans called Garnet the “warrior’s stone”, and it was
also set in the shields and buckles of the crusaders. It is said to symbolize fire, faith, courage, grace,
honesty, compassion and fidelity. Garnet is also said to stimulate the bloodstream, combat depres-
sion and laziness. Travellers are also said to be protected from harm, and sleepers from nightmares
while wearing Garnet. Noah was said to use a lantern made of Garnet to illuminate the ark while
steering it through the night. It is found in Kenya, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Brazil, Canada, Spain and the
U.S.
Goldstone
Goldstone is a type of glass made with copper or copper salts in the presence of a reducing flame.
Under normal oxidative conditions, copper ions meld into the silica to produce transparent bluish-
green glass; when the reduced goldstone melt cools, the copper remains in atomic isolation and pre-
cipitates into small crystalline clusters. The finished product can take a smooth polish and be carved
into beads, figurines, or other artifacts. The most common form of goldstone gives the illusion of be-
ing reddish-brown, although in fact that colour comes from the copper crystals and the glass itself is
colourless.
Hematite
(Iron Ore Mineral)
Hematite was used for making seals in Babylonia, and a frequent mineral used in mourning jewellery
in the early 20th century. In the past, Hematite was used in creating blush. Hematite gets its name
from the Latin word “haimo” (blood) because of the blood-red colour of the powder that occurs when
Hematite is ground up. It is found in England. Norway, Sweden, Morocco, New Zealand, Pima
County – Arizona, Wisconsin and Michigan. Hematite is the state mineral of Alabama. Frequently
fashioned into small pearl like beads, some people who wear hematite find that it becomes too heavy
to wear after awhile. Hematite is also used to inspire peace, aid clarity, and balance.
Howlite
Howlite is a naturally white stone with either dark gray or black spider webs throughout. It is com-
monly dyed to imitate Turquoise and Lapis Lazuli. It is named after the mineralogist Henry How, who
found it in Nova Scotia in the 19th century. It is the stone of memory, knowledge and progress. It is
also said to eliminate pain, stress and anger. Howlite should be kept away from acids, strong light
and cleaning products.
Iolite
(Cordierite or Dichroite)
Iolite is derived from the Greek word “Ios”, which means violet. It was sometimes referred to as
“water sapphire” because it was commonly found in water deposits. It can be mistaken for sapphires.
Iolite is known for its pleochroism properties, meaning that if viewed from different angles, it changes
colour. For this reason, the Vikings used Iolite to determine the direction of the sun on cloudy days.
They would cut the Iolite into thin plates and would use the lens to help navigate the seas (believe it
or not, the Vikings found the first polarizing filters!) While Iolite is usually blue, inclusions of Hematite
can cause a reddish sheen. It is found in Sri Lanka, India, Madagascar, Brazil, and the U.S. It is said
to open one’s psychic talents, and excellent use for crown chakras. Said to help the wearer with de-
toxification and heal sore throats and blisters.
Jade
Jade is the name given for two different gem rocks; Jadeite and Nephrite. (The Jadeite type being
both the rarer and thus, more precious than Nephrite type) There are many shades of green, off-
white, pink, reddish, orange, blue lavender, tan, gray and black. Jadeite is varicoloured, whereas
much of the nephrite is a bold green, white and black. Jade is said to have the power to cure kidney
ailments. In fact, the term nephrite is derived from the term Lapis Nephriticus (kidney stones). The
name Jade is said to be derived from the Spanish term for hip stone, Piedra de ijada. All Jade should
be kept away from intense heat and acids. It also stimulates creativity while creating harmony. Since
Ancient times in China, Jade “yu” has been regarded as the royal gemstone. It is the state gemstone
of Alaska
African Jade Canadian Jade Honey Jade New Jade Olive Jade
Yellow Jade China Jade South China Jade
African Jade - mined in Africa, but not real Jade. It’s actually an opaque type of garnet that closely
resembles jade.
Canadian Jade - a type of nephrite jade that is mined in Canada. It is considered a very tough mate-
rial. It was used in prehistoric times for tools, weapons, and utensils.
Honey Jade - This ochre coloured stone has a long history. The name is said to come from the
Greek word “iaspis” or spotted stone It dates back to early civilizations where it was used in seals
which have been found in ancient ruins. Honey jade is actually a type of jasper (aka. Honey Jasper).
New Jade - a very pale coloured stone that is actually serpentine.
Olive Jade - Another type of serpentine, it is a gemstone that has the same yellow-green colour that
an olive has.
Yellow Jade - Not real jade, but a golden-yellow form of serpentine.
Jasper
Jasper beads are made from rock composed of chalcedony, dense microcrystalline quartz and other
minerals which make up the colourful bands or patterns throughout it. Jasper is found in Germany,
India, France, Russia and the U.S. It is rare to find Jasper that is uniformly coloured.
Black Stone Dalmatian Fancy Fossil Gold Line
Green Cloud Leopard Skin Moss Ocean Peridot
Picasso Picture Poppy Red Silver Leaf
Tiger Turtle Viper Zebra
Artistic Jasper - A patterned variety of cryptocrystalline quartz. Named so because the designs that
appear on each specimen seem to resemble a small work of art. While the colouring of artistic jasper
may look very similar to picture jasper, it's the bold abstract designs and patterns that set it apart. As
with all jasper, it is virtually trouble free to care for and hardy enough for everyday wear. A very com-
mon stone, it is found in Germany, India, France, Russia and the U.S.
Dalmatian Jasper (aka. Dalmatiner- the German word for Dalmatian) - an off white jasper with scat-
tered black spots (like that of a Dalmatian Dog). Gives protection from nightmares and increases
ones’ patience.
Fancy Jasper (aka. India agate) - an off white to beige jasper with swirls of green, lavender or gray.
Rids the wearer of depression.
Feldspath Jasper - This variety of jasper typically has a lighter brown to tan background with a vari-
ety of soft brown flecks, stripes and spots throughout.
Fossil Jasper - This type of jasper is distinguished by its fossilized and silicified patterns. Warm
pinks and grey hues against a black background. Known as a "traveller's stone" it can also be used
for its grounding and healing features.
Kambaba Jasper -A fairly new gemstone from Africa, this stone comes all different shades of green
(from a deep forest green to a light sage) with black swirls and rings throughout (These black spots
are also sometimes are referred to as "eyes"). This type of jasper is said to help stabilize one's diet
and cleanse the body of toxins. It is also used to help the body better absorb vitamins and minerals.
Kiwi Jasper - Or, Kiwi Quartz is a light, minty green colour (much like that of the Kiwi fruit) with black
and grey spots and flecks. While this stone is translucent, Kiwi Jasper is more opaque than most
quartzes.
Leopard Skin Jasper (Rhyolite, or Leopard Jasper) -an orange tan Jasper with dark brown, red, yel-
low, pink or black spots. There can also be black rings sporadically throughout this stone. The name
comes from how this jasper resembles the fur of a leopard. It is said to enhance total vibration and
stabilizes ones’ heart.
Moss Jasper - Has features similar to those of Moss Agate from the Mojave Desert of California.
Ocean Jasper - the name given to jasper that has a wavy greenish gray, white, beige, pink or ma-
roon and can have a pattern that sometimes has “white sea spray” circles throughout. It is said to aid
in breathing during meditation.
Peridot Jasper -A type of cream coloured jasper that has faint wisps of green throughout. Its said to
give its wearer a sense of well being and protect against negative thoughts.
Picasso Jasper -(Picasso Marble, Picasso Stone) A type of Jasper that has swirls and lines through-
out it resembling Pablo Picasso’s bold painting style.
Picture Jasper - Jasper beads and chips that resemble rolling hills and landscapes with it's unusual
patterns. Picture Jasper features varying tones of beige, cream, tan, brown and black.
Poppy Jasper - Yellow-greenish jasper with random bright red, orange or yellow circle patterns re-
sembling that of a field of poppies.
Red Jasper - Red Jasper that has quartz veins running through it. Said to regulate metabolic energy
and increase stamina.
Silver Leaf Jasper - A type of jasper that resembles leaves of a forest. Can be cream coloured and
black with flecks of brown and a banded design. It has been used as a good luck stone over time.
Tiger Eye Jasper -A variety of jasper that shows no resemblance to the other well known gemstone
with a similar name (Tiger's Eye). Tiger Eye Jasper has a very active spotted pattern of various reds,
pinks, and browns on a canvas of warm yellows and tans.
Yellow Jasper - Very soft yellow jasper used to alleviate digestive tract ailments. Gives protection to
travellers.
Zebra Jasper -Is named so because of the wild stripes that run throughout the bead (just like that of
the wild African Zebra). There are several varieties of this type of jasper, not just the typical black
with white stripes. There's also Red Zebra Jasper, which has gray to black stripes on a warm reddish
brown background. Brown Zebra Jasper has a wild variety of tan, brown, white and black stripes on a
tan or brown background. This type of jasper is found in Central America, South Africa and India.
Kyanite Beads
The name for this gemstone comes from the Greek word for blue ,"kyanos". It is a silicate mineral
commonly found in metamorphic rock and can range in colour anywhere from a deep sapphire blue
to white, gray or even green. It is found in the Ural Mountains, Italy, Switzerland, and the North East-
ern US. Kyanite is said to help in learning lessons, so it is used as a meditation stone, and is used to
align the throat chakra.
Labradorite
Labradorite is the name given to a smoky gray stone that is plagioclase feldspar. That means when
Labradorite is viewed from different angles, a metallic rainbow reflection is seen. (Labradorescence)
Some describe it as the effect oil has when mixed with water. Labradorite is in the same family as
Moonstone and was discovered in 1770 on St. Paul Island in Labrador, Canada. Labradorite is said
to help in detoxifying the body and slow the aging process. It helps ones’ aura and mental confusion.
It’s found in Canada, Ukraine, Australia, Mexico and the U.S.
Lapis
Lapis Lazuli by its binomial name is a crystalline aggregate composed largely of blue Lazurite. It also
will have pyrite and mica throughout it, which makes Lapis Lazuli look like a night sky. Lapis Lazuli
used to be ground up to make ultramarine pigments for paint as early as the 11th century A.D. This
stone of truth and friendship can be found from a true blue to deep blue with occurrences of purplish
blue to blue-green. It was one of the first stones to be used for jewellery. It is found in Afghanistan,
Egypt, Canada and Chile.
Denim Lapis Reconstituted
Denim Lapis - Lapis that resembles faded denim and found in Afghanistan and Chile. While it may
be less expensive, the colour makes it perfect for casual outfits.
Reconstituted Lapis - Lapis that consists largely of Barium Sulphate and may or may not have mica
in it.
Larimar
Larimar is also referred to as the Atlantis Stone. It is only found in the Dominican Republic and it ex-
tremely rare. First making news in 1974, this gemstone has been known to the locals since the time
of their ancestors. A light blue stone that has markings about it resembling that of a reflection off the
shallow part of the warm Caribbean ocean. Larimar is said to enlighten the healing process of the
physical, mental and spiritual aspects of ones’ self. It is also said to help one with communication.
Larvakite
(or Larvikit)
The gemstone Larvakite gets it's name from the Nordic town in which it was first discovered, Larvik.
Incorrectly referred to as Labradorite, the flashes of shimmering colour that are found as flecks
throughout the stone are due to the Anorthoclase grains that exhibit the same type of chatoyancy
that Labradorite does.
Magnesite
The mineral Magnesite can be nearly impossible to distinguish from dolomite and is also similar to
serpentine. It is typically white, but can range from colourless to grey or tan. Magnesite porosity and
low-lustre make it well suited for enhancement , and because of this, is often dyed to resemble
much-pricier turquoise. Although some refer to it as "chalk turquoise" or "white turquoise," Magnesite
is not related to turquoise since Magnesite contains no Copper and is not a phosphate. Magnesite is
said to assist in creative visualization, help bring peace in meditation and stimulate passion. Magne-
site is found in much of Europe, Africa, Brazil, China, Korea and the U.S.
Malachite
Malachite is a copper carbonate with bands of two or more shades of green throughout. Malachite is
derived from the Greek word “Malache” (herb). The characteristic green in malachite is actually made
up of copper, with the amount of water in the specimen affecting the intensity of the colour. More wa-
ter will make the green lighter; less water makes the green more intense. Total absence of water will
make Malachite black! Legend says that Malachite is a cure for convulsions, and has been used as a
talisman for children to ward off evil sprits. Holding Malachite is said to calm the nervous system.
Malachite can be easily scratched and is very fragile. Washing Malachite will remove its protective
polish and can be damaged by acids. It is found in Zaire, Chile, Australia, France, England and Ari-
zona.
Green
Moonstone
Moonstone is a transparent to translucent gemstone with anywhere from a yellow-brown to a blue-
white sheen. It is not a stone from the moon, rather is a gemstone that is named for the moon-like
reflection of light within it. It is found in Sri Lanka, India, Madagascar, Australia, Brazil and the U.S. A
milkier looking moonstone is sometimes referred to as Adularia Moonstone, while a moonstone with
a higher sheen and that is much denser is referred to as an albeit moonstone. In India, Moonstone is
considered a sacred and magical gemstone. Sometimes called a “dream stone” for the beautiful
dreams it is said to bring to its wearer. Moonstone is considered the ideal stone for lovers, as it
brings forth feelings of tenderness. Another name for Moonstone is Selenite, after the ancient Greek
goddess of the moon, Selene. It was used extensively in the art nouveau movement, and very popu-
lar in the early 20th century. Moonstone is also said to align the spine and aid digestion.
Mother of Pearl is the name given to the iridescent coating on the inside of mollusk shells. When an
object gets inside the shell of a mollusk, it will protect itself by coating the invading object with the
same material it uses to coat pearls (nacre). This is where the name creator (mother) of pearls
comes from. Nacre is found in pearl oysters, freshwater mussels and abalone. In China, mother of
pearl was used to treat heart palpitations, high blood pressure, said to stimulate imagination and help
with decision making. It is also used as a symbol of faith and innocence. As a rule, never use alcohol
around mother of pearl because it will eat right through the coating, causing irreparable damage.
Moukaite
Moukaite is anywhere from a warm coloured pink to red gemstone that comes from Australia. It can
have cloudy washes of red, yellow or brown throughout it. The name Moukaite is the name of the
700,000 acre sheep farm in Western Australia (Mooka Station) where Moukaite was first discovered.
Moukaite is known as a healing stone that lends strength, and connects one to those who have
passed on. It can also be used to treat stomach disorders, hernias and water retention.
Obsidian
Obsidian gets its name from the Roman Obsius who found it in Ethiopia and brought it back. A natu-
ral forming glass that is created from volcanic activity, it does have the same makeup as granite, but
since the magma cools so quickly, obsidian doesn’t have the change to crystallize. While Obsidian is
harder than window glass, it scratches very easily. It has been used for tool making and jewellery for
centuries. It is found in Iceland, Italy, Japan, Wyoming, and Hawaii.
Golden Sheen Mahogany Snowflake
Mahogany Obsidian (aka-mountain obsidian) - is a deep red brown gemstone with black specks or
swirls that can put the wearer at ease with their sensuality.
Snowflake Obsidian (aka-flowering obsidian) - is a dark gray to black with light gray patches or
sphere within. It is said to assist one with logic and clarity.
Golden Sheen Obsidian -This type of Obsidian occurs when small bubbles of air are aligned within
the molten lava just before cooling. This can result in effects such as Golden Sheen and Rainbow
Obsidian.
Opal
"Natures' Fireworks," opal is the birthstone for those born in October. 95% of all fine opals come from
the outback of Australia. Categories are varied by place, occurrence, and colour. The name Opal is
derived from the Sanskrit word “upala” (valuable stone). The reason for the fire in opals is the small
spheres of silica gel causing refraction manifestations dissecting the light throughout the stone. All
opals contain water (upwards of 30%!) so they cannot be stored in too dry a place, or the colour will
begin to dim and crack. It should be worn often to let the stone breath in the humidity and absorb oils
from the skin. Opals are said to cure depression, find true love, soothe nerves and help with diseases
of the eye.
Peridot
(Chrysolite, Olivine)
A yellow-green gemstone that is coloured due to the amount of ferrous iron within, Peridot is the
birthstone of August and can be easily confused with Emerald. Peridot is susceptible to acids and
quick temperature changes. Do not clean Peridot jewellery with an ultrasonic cleaner. Some say that
the Peridot name comes from the Arabic word “faridat” (gem), and was the most popular gemstone
during the Baroque period. It is also said that Peridot was Cleopatra’s favourite gemstone. Hawaiian
legend states that Peridot gemstones are the tears of the goddess Pele. Peridot has been used to
slow the aging process and help with one’s speech. It has also been used to help find things that are
lost. Peridot is found in China, Pakistan, Australia, Egypt, Norway and the U.S.
Petrified Wood Beads
Petrified wood is often referred to as fossilized wood. The wood composition can be composed from
a variety of minerals such as jasper, chalcedony, and sometimes opal. It is naturally opaque with col-
ours being mostly brown or dull grey with occasional red, yellow or violet.
Quartz
The universal healing stone that has been used as a substitute for more expensive gemstones
throughout time. 12% of the earth's crust is composed of this 'rock crystal'. Because quartz is harder
than glass, it was commonly used to make crystal balls in the middle Ages. There are two forms of
quartz; Macrocrystalline quartz (quartz that is recognizable with the naked eye) and Microcrystalline
or Cryptocrystalline quartz (too small a crystal to be seen without high magnification, such as chal-
cedony). Both kinds are found in Brazil, Madagascar, Namibia, both the French and Swiss Alps and
the U.S.
Cherry Crystal Rose Ruby Rutilated
Sky Smokey
Cherry Quartz - is usually created with clear glass with thin strips of pink. There can also be sparkly
needles of pink throughout.
Crystal Quartz - is the most common of all quartzes. It is the best all purpose crystal that is said to
cleanse the mind and body. It enhances the property of all other gemstones and is used to remove
toxins and lessen negative thoughts.
Rose Quartz - is one of the most desirable quartzes. It was a popular gemstone for making seals in
Rome and is commonly called the “love stone” as it is used to open the heart chakra to all forms of
love. It is said to bring forgiveness, compassion, and tolerance. It also benefits the heart; alleviate
headaches, depression, and earaches. It is found in Brazil, India, Germany and the U.S.
Sky Quartz - is a glass bead that can range from cornflower blue to light blue with cloudy white
spots.
Smoky Quartz - is a brown transparent quartz that is sometimes called (though misleading) smoky
topaz.
Rhodonite
Like Rhodochrosite, Rhodonite comes in rosy to deep pink colours but has black dendrite inclusions
throughout. Its name is derived from the Greek word rhodon (pink). It is much more durable than
Rhodochrosite and doesn’t react to acids the way Rhodochrosite does. Rhodonite will have a flat fin-
ish to it, due to the fact that it doesn’t polish up very well. Rhodonite is called the “singer’s stone” be-
cause it makes one more sensitive to sound, as well as helping the nervous system and the feminine
reproductive system. It is found in Australia, Japan, Canada, Madagascar, Mexico, Russia, Sweden,
New Jersey and Colorado
Rhyolite
Rhyolite is the Greek word for flowstone. It resembles Jasper, but is chemically identical to granite. It
looks like a rainforest (why it’s also known as rainforest jasper). It is said to help one with creativity,
balance of the emotions and increases ones’ sense of self-worth. It is found throughout the Western
and South Western U.S.
Ruby
(The Gemstone King)
Ruby is a type of mineral called corundum that also includes sapphires. It is considered to be the
second hardest material known to man (the first being diamond). They are found mainly in Thailand,
Sri Lanka and Myanmar, but have also been found recently in Africa and Australia. The colour of a
ruby will typically denote where the stone was mined from. Colours considered appropriate for a ruby
are those that are red, red-violet, or red-orange. The name Ruby is derived from the Latin word
"rubeus" or red. All natural rubies have imperfections, and unlike a diamond, this does not take away
from a ruby's value or quality. Those rubies that don't have imperfections can be assumed to be lab
created. The birthstone for July, rubies have throughout time been considered the symbol for pas-
sion, love and royalty. It is thought to bring its wearer wisdom and protection from misfortunes.
Sapphire
A clear, hard type of corundum that is commonly known for being blue. Sapphires can come in a vari-
ety of colours, except red (or then it would be called a ruby!). It's trademark blue colour is due to the
presence of small amounts of iron and titanium. Sapphires are found in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, India,
Australia and the U.S. (Montana in particular) The birthstone for September, sapphires have symbol-
ized loyalty and an expression of love and longing.
Sodalite
Sodalite is a dark blue gemstone that sometimes has yellow lines due to the sulphur content through-
out. It can be confused with Lapis Lazuli and was used by the Ancient Egyptians. Use warm soapy
water to clean Sodalite, not ultrasonic cleaners. Sodalite is said to boost the immune system and
cleanse ones’ internal organs. It’s found in Namibia, Brazil, Canada, Russia and the U.S.
Tiger Iron Beads
Tiger Iron is a member of the quartz group of chalcedonies. It is one of the chatoyant gemstones
(which mean that this stone exhibits a shiny reflection of light upon the fibrous bands that run
throughout the makeup of these stones). Composed of Tiger's Eye, Red Jasper and Black Hematite,
the pattern of this stone closely resembles that of a setting sun on a landscape. Tiger's Iron is found
in Western Australia, South Africa, USA, Canada, India, Namibia, and Burma.
Tiger's Eye
Tiger’s Eye is a microcrystalline quartz that pseudomorphs. It is golden to honey yellow in colour and
dances in the light. It is found in South Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Western Australia and California. It is
so named because it resembles the eye of a tiger, and helps to aid treatment of ulcers, stubbornness
and purifies the blood. Avoid temperature changes and don’t clean with alcohol.
Blue Tiger Eye Red Tiger Eye Tiger Eye
Red Tiger’s Eye - The red colour of this variation is the amount oxidation of the iron. This type of
Tiger's Eye is also called Bull's Eye or Ox's Eye.
Blue Tiger’s Eye - is another name for Hawk’s Eye (or Falcon's Eye) which is commonly grey with
diverse blues striped throughout.
Tourmaline
Tourmaline derives its name from the Sinhalese word “tura mali” (stone of mixed colours). However,
according to the Ancient Egyptians, tourmaline travelled along a rainbow on its way down to earth,
which is why it’s sometimes called the “rainbow stone”. The stones can be red and green, blue to
yellow, often with two or more colours. No two pieces of tourmaline are the same. Tourmaline is said
to have a powerful influence on love and friendship. Red Tourmaline is called “Rubellite”, Pink Tour-
maline will change colour in different levels of light. The blue variety is called “Indigolith” while
“Schorl” is the name given to black tourmaline. “Achroite” is the colourless variety of Tourmaline. The
most popular form of Tourmaline is “Verdelith” or the green variety. Tourmaline also has another
characteristic in that this is a stone that is Piezoelectric, which means heating, rubbing and pressuriz-
ing tourmaline will give it an electric charge. Tourmaline is mined all over the world, from Brazil to Sri
Lanka, South and Southwest Africa, Madagascar, Utah and Maine. It is said to help dispel fear and
grief, and can lend itself to give tranquil sleep. Don’t clean tourmaline in an ultrasonic cleaner.
Turquoise
Turquoise has been mined since the ancient days in Egypt. The Aztecs used it to decorate ceremo-
nial masks, and in ancient Arabic countries. It was used to ward off the “evil eye”. Turquoise (Pierre
Turquoise) is the French name for “Turkish stone” as it was through the Persian Empire that Tur-
quoise was brought to Europe. It is a stone of wholeness, and can make one feel at home with both
the physical and spiritual worlds. Turquoise can also help the immune system and is the recom-
mended stone for detoxification. It is found in China, Peru, Mexico, Iran, Tibet, Australia and the U.S.
Yellow Chinese Turquoise Simulated Turquoise Black Turquoise African Turquoise
White Turquoise Turquoise Shapes Dyed Howlite and
Magnesite
African Turquoise - This stone is actually a natural Jasper found in Africa. It has a matrix structure
similar to that of Turquoise, and is a light bluish-green with teal hues. The matrix has dark brown to
black spots throughout the bead. It is an interesting substitute for a true turquoise and is believed by
some to help in the relief of headaches.
Black Turquoise - is actually naturally occurring Onyx whose markings can resemble that seen on
natural Turquoise.
Chinese Turquoise - is mined and processed in the Hubei province in China. Most of this Turquoise
is enhanced with wax treatment, re-stabilisation or dyed.
Simulated Turquoise - Also known as 'Block'. To make this type of Turquoise, plastic resin and
dyes are mixed and then shaped into blocks of "Turquoise" There's no actual Turquoise gem stones
in this mix, it is entirely man made, and can be found in a wide variety of colours.
White Turquoise -is actually a rock consisting primarily of quartz, calcite and Alunite with only a very
slight trace of turquoise.
Yellow Turquoise - is a Jasper or Serpentine that is yellow with brown, green and red within. The
black webbing that appears throughout this stone is Hematite.
Unakite (Epidotised Granite)
Unakite is a granite gemstone that is named after the Unakas Mountains from where it is mined in
the South Western U.S. This is a relatively new gemstone to the scene and is considered a balancing
stone that releases mental or emotional blocks. It can stimulate the health of the heart and circulatory
system. It is a mix of red/pink/white/grey and Epidote (a Pistachio-coloured gemstone).
