Medicine _ Drugs

							          Medicine & Drugs
• Medicines are divided into classes & have
  different effects on different people.
• Medicines are only safe if they are used for
  the intended purpose & according to the
  directions on the label.
             Types of Medicines
                                 • Medicines that treat or
• Main Idea: Medicines are         prevent illness can be
  classified on how they           classified into 4 broad
  work in your body.               categories:
• Medicines = drugs that are        – Help prevent disease
  used to treat or prevent          – Fight pathogens
  diseases or other                 – Relieve pain & other
                                      symptoms
  conditions.
                                    – Manage chronic conditions,
• Drugs = substances other            maintain/restore health, &
  than food that change the           regulate body’s systems.
  structure or function of the
  body or mind
                            Preventing Disease
                                                            • 95% of children
       Making a vaccine with       Introduce vaccine          receive vaccines, a
     weakened or dead pathogens      Into the body
                                                              preparation that
                                                              prevents a person from
  Body producing
                                                              contracting a specific
  Memory cells to
Recall how to produce
                                            Body produces
                                              antibodies
                                                              disease.
 Antibodies for that
       pathogen
                                                            • Some vaccines have to
                         Body easily
                         Destroys the
                                                              be updated every year
                          pathogens
                                                              or several years
              Fighting Pathogens
• Antiobiotics = class of           • Antivirals = available to
  drug that destroy disease-          treat viral illness, such as
  causing bacteria                    flu
   – Effective only against             – Suppress the virus but do
     bacteria, not viruses                not kill it
   – Body can develop                   – People will still have virus
     resistance if                        in their body
       • overused                   • Antifungals = suppress or
       • Don’t finish taking them
                                      kill fungus cells, such as
                                      ringworm
              Relieving Pain
• Most commonly used drugs are analgesics,
  or pain relievers
  – Can be relatively mild (aspirin or Tylenol®)
     • Aspirin should not be taken by youth under age
       20—can cause life-threatening disease
  – Can be a narcotic (morphine, codeine)
     • Can become addictive & require a doctor’s
       prescription
   Managing Chronic Conditions
• Allergy medicines:                  • Antidepressant &
  Antihistamines reduce allergy         Antipsychotic medicines : help
  symptoms by blocking                  people suffering from mental
  chemicals released by the             illness by regulating brain
  immune system that cause an           chemistry or stabilizing moods
  allergic reaction                   • Cancer Treatment Medicines:
• Body-Regulating medicines:            can treat or cure cancers by
  regulate body chemistry               reducing rapid cell growth &
    – Insulin-regulates sugar in        help stop the spread of cancer
      blood                             cells.
    – Inhalers-regulate oxygen flow       – Chemotherapy: uses chemicals
      to lungs                              to kill fast-growing cancer
                                            cells
                                          – Immunotherapy: uses body’s
                                            immune system to fight the
                                            cancer cells
         Taking Medications
• Main Idea: Medicines enter the body in a
  variety of ways.
  – Oral medicines = taken by mouth in form of
    tablets, capsules, or liquids
  – Topical Medicines = applied to the skin
  – Inhaled Medicines = delivered in a fine mist or
    powder
  – Injected Medicines = delivered through a shot
    & go directly into the bloodstream
         Reactions to Medications
       Main Idea: The effect of medicine depends on many factors.
       •Side Effects = reactions to medicine other than one intended
• Medicine Interactions                  • Tolerance and Withdrawal
    – Additive Interaction = occurs           – Tolerance =
      when medicines work together                 • condition in which the body
      in a positive way.                             becomes used to the effect of
    – Synergistic Effect = the                       the medicine.
      interaction of two or more                   • Body requires increasingly
      medicines that results in a                    larger doses to produce the
                                                     same effect.
      greater effect than when each
      medicine is taken alone                 – Withdrawal =
    – Antagonistic Interaction = the               • Occurs when a person stops
                                                     using a medicine on which
      effect of 1 medicine is                        he/she has become
      cancelled or reduced when                      physiologically dependent
      taken with another.                          • Symptoms: nervousness,
                                                     insomnia, severe headaches,
                                                     vomiting, chills, and cramps
        Using Medicines Safely
• Prescription Medicines =   • Medicine Misuse = using
  medicines that are           a medicine in ways other
  dispensed only with the      than intended use
  written approval of a      • Medicine Abuse =
  licensed physician or        intentionally taking
  nurse practioner             medications for
• Over-the-counter (OTC)       nonmedicinal reasons
  = medicines you can buy    • Drug Overdose = strong,
  without a doctor’s           sometimes fatal reaction
  prescription                 to taking a large amount
                               of a drug.