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Fortress America (Gilded Age/ Progressive Period)
Created in 2010 by:
Central Organizer: Document Based Question coordinator:
Camille Henderson Christiaan Clark
Unit I – V Multiple Choice coordinator: Essay coordinator:
Matthew Roarty Mallory Marshall
Unit VI – X Multiple Choice coordinator:
Kelsey Hammond
UNITED STATES HISTORY
SECTION I
Time – 55 minutes
80 Questions
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or
completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.
1. Which event led to the revision, and c. received more in welfare payments, as a
eventual overhaul, of the Articles of group, than they paid in taxes.
Confederation? d. made Mexican-Americans the largest
a. Whiskey Rebellion American minority by 1995.
b. Bacon’s Rebellion e. settled primarily on the East Coast.
c. Olive Branch Petition
d. Shays’s Rebellion 6. A “bird of passage” was an immigrant who
e. French Revolution a. came to the United States to live
permanently.
2. The 1889 Pan-American Conference b. only passed through America on his or
resulted in her way to Canada.
a. settlement of the Venezuela boundary c. was unmarried.
dispute. d. came to America to work for a short
b. the lowering of tariff barriers between time and then returned to Europe.
participating nations. e. flew from job to job.
c. arbitration of the Pribilof Island dispute.
d. worsened relations between the United 7. Judicial review was created in the case
States and Latin American countries. a. Gibbons v. Ogden
e. creation of the Organization of b. McCulloch v. Maryland
American States. c. Marbury v. Madison
d. Korematsu v. United States
3. The Teller Amendment e. Plessy v. Ferguson
a. guaranteed the independence of Cuba.
b. made Cuba an American possession. 8. Which area was most opposed to the War of
c. directed President McKinley to order 1812?
American troops into Cuba. a. Southeast
d. appropriated funds to combat yellow b. West
fever in Cuba. c. Northwest
e. granted the U.S. a base at Guantanamo d. Northeast
Bay. e. Mid-Atlantic
4. Who were the settlers at the Jamestown 9. The Zimmermann note involved a proposed
colony? secret agreement between
a. Religious refugees a. Britain and France.
b. Intellectuals b. Russia and Germany.
c. Spanish explorers c. Germany and Mexico.
d. Joint-stock company employees d. Mexico and France.
e. Former slaves e. Germany and Canada.
5. The New Immigrants of the 1980s and 10. Which early American colony was most
1990s prepared for life in the New World?
a. came to America primarily in search of a. Massachusetts Bay Colony
jobs and economic opportunity. b. Plymouth
b. assimilated more quickly into the c. Roanoke
American mainstream than earlier d. Jamestown
waves of immigrants. e. Fort San Juan
d. Americans lived in the trans-Mississippi
11. New France’s most valuable resource West.
was/were e. families had fewer than four children.
a. Slaves
b. Tobacco
c. Lumber 17. Who wrote the influential pamphlet
d. Silver Common Sense?
e. Fur a. Thomas Paine
b. John Adams
12. The greatest increase in the national debt c. John Locke
occurred d. Caesar Rodney
a. during World War II. e. Thomas Jefferson
b. under Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal.
c. during Ronald Reagan’s eight years in
office. 18. Which law was responsible for the
d. under Lyndon Johnson. formation of the First Continental
e. under George Bush. Congress?
a. Townshend Acts
b. Stamp Act
13. The Morrill Act of 1862 c. Intolerable Acts
a. established women’s colleges like d. Quebec Act
Vassar. e. Quartering Act
b. required compulsory school attendance
through high school.
c. established the modern American 19. Senator McCarthy’s anticommunist crusade
research university. ended when he
d. mandated racial integration in public a. began to attack the personal integrity of
schools. his critics.
e. granted public lands to states to support b. alleged that there were communists in
higher education. Hollywood.
c. alleged that there were communists in
the Foreign Service.
14. Which agreement gave the United States d. alleged that many college professors
Texas and California? were communists.
a. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo e. alleged that there were communists in
b. Jay’s Treaty the army.
c. Treaty of Greenville
d. Crittenden Compromise
e. Missouri Compromise
20. The “Sagebrush Rebellion” was a fiercely
15. Arrange these events in chronological order: anti-Washington movement that had
(A) Munich Conference, (B) German sprung up to protest
invasion of Poland,(C) Hitler-Stalin a. James Watt’s appointment as secretary
nonaggression treaty. of the interior.
a. A, C, B b. oil drilling in scenic places in the
b. B, C, A western United States.
c. C, B, A c. federal control over scarce water
d. C, A, B resources in the West.
e. A, B, C d. federal control over rich mineral and
timber resources in the western states.
16. The 1920 census revealed that for the first e. federal national parks and forests
time most throughout the West.
a. men worked in manufacturing.
b. adult women were employed outside the
home.
c. Americans lived in cities. 21. The First Great Awakening was a reaction
against government activism.
a. Calvinism
b. The liberalization of religion
c. A rapid spread of Roman Catholicism
d. Native American religions 27. The French and Indian War was instigated
e. The Salem Witch Trials by what prominent American figure?
a. George Washington
b. Thomas Paine
22. Andrew Jackson was the first President c. Benjamin Franklin
a. Without a wife d. Benedict Arnold
b. To employ patronage e. Nathan Hale
c. From the West
d. Who chose his Vice President
e. Who lost the popular but won the 28. In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v.
electoral vote Board of Education of Topeka, the
Supreme Court
a. declared that the concept of “separate
23. The British signed the Treaty of Ghent, but equal” facilities for blacks and
ending the War of 1812, because whites was unconstitutional.
a. Of the Battle of New Orleans b. upheld its earlier decision in Plessy v.
b. Of the Battle of Horshoe Bend Ferguson.
c. Montreal was captured c. rejected desegregation.
d. There was an uprising in London d. supported the “Declaration of
e. Tsar Alexander I mediated terms in Constitutional Principles” issued by
order to focus on Napoleon Congress.
e. ordered immediate and total integration
of all American schools.
24. Which is not a part of the American System
proposed by Henry Clay?
a. A strong banking system 29. At the wartime Teheran Conference,
b. A protective tariff a. the Soviet Union agreed to declare war
c. Construction of roads on Japan within three months.
d. Construction of canals b. the Big Three allies agreed to divide
e. Construction of schools postwar Germany into separate
occupied zones.
c. the Soviet Union agreed to allow free
25. The Homestead Act assumed that public elections in Eastern European nations
land would be administered in such a way that its armies occupied at the end of
as to war.
a. raise government revenue. d. plans were made for the opening of a
b. conserve natural resources. second front in Europe.
c. favor large-scale “bonanza” farms. e. it was agreed that five Big Powers
d. guarantee shipments for the railroads. would have veto power in the United
e. promote frontier settlement. Nations
26. Teddy Roosevelt’s New Nationalism 30. President Kennedy’s alleged assassin was
a. pinned its economic faith on a. Jack Ruby.
competition. b. Lee Harvey Oswald.
b. opposed consolidation of labor unions. c. Medgar Evers.
c. favored the free functioning of d. James Earl Ray.
unregulated and unmonopolized e. an agent of Fidel Castro.
markets.
d. supported a broad program of social
welfare. 31. In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme
e. favored state rather than federal Court upheld a married couple’s right to
use contraceptives based on B.John D. Rockefeller 2. oil
a. the “necessary and proper” clause. C.J. Pierpont Morgan 3. tobacco
b. the First Amendment. D.James Duke 4. banking
c. the right to privacy.
d. Roe v. Wade. a. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
e. the Fifth Amendment. b. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
c. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
d. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
32. The Corrupt Bargain of 1824 purportedly e. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
a. Gave Andrew Jackson the Vice
Presidency
b. Made Henry Clay Secretary of State 37. The Roosevelt Corollary added a new
c. Gave John Quincy Adams money in provision to the Monroe Doctrine that was
exchange for withdrawing from the specifically designed to
Presidency a. enable the U.S. to rule Puerto Rico and
d. Gave the Oregon Territory over to the Canal Zone.
British control b. stop European colonization in the
e. John C. Calhoun the coveted South Western Hemisphere.
Carolina governorship c. restore cordial relations between the
United States and Latin American
countries.
33. Most people who went to California during d. establish a friendly partnership with
the gold rush were Britain so that it could join the United
a. Freed slaves States in policing Latin American
b. Spanish missionaries affairs.
c. Lawless men e. justify U.S. intervention in the affairs of
d. Mormons Latin American countries.
e. Anarchists
38. Napoleon gave away Louisiana so willingly
34. Which group was most opposed to the because
power of the British Crown? a. He was about to be overthrown and
a. Clergy didn’t want his enemies to have an
b. Whigs empire
c. Ministers b. Uprisings in his Caribbean colonies and
d. Barons British control of the seas hampered his
e. Tories access
c. The United States surrounded New
Orleans and demanded land
35. After the Civil War, the plentiful supply of d. Mental illnesses clouded his judgment
unskilled labor in the United States e. The colonists who lived there were in
a. helped to build the nation into an open revolt
industrial giant.
b. was not a significant force, because
industrialization required skilled 39. The Missouri Compromise was created to
workers. a. Balance the number of free and slave
c. came almost exclusively from rural states
America. b. Allow Missouri to be admitted as a free
d. increasingly found work in agriculture. state
e. was almost entirely native born. c. Guarantee the right of all colonists to
own slaves in any state
d. Emancipate slaves
36. Match each entrepreneur below with the e. Organize territories gained in the
field of enterprise with which he is Louisiana Purchase
historically identified.
A.Andrew Carnegie 1. steel
40. Which of the following did not impose vibrant force in American spiritual life.
restrictions on American trade?
a. Sugar Act
b. Stamp Act 45. The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact
c. Quartering Act a. formally ended World War I for the
d. Townshend Acts United States, which had refused to sign
e. Navigation Laws the Treaty of Versailles.
b. set a schedule for German payment of
war reparations.
41. Who is the Father of the American c. established a battleship ratio for the
Constitution? leading naval powers.
a. John Jay d. condemned Japan for its unprovoked
b. James Madison attack on Manchuria.
c. Thomas Jefferson e. outlawed war as a solution to
d. George Washington international rivalry.
e. Alexander Hamilton
46. Public education was created
42. The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed that the a. To educate freed slaves
United States would b. To make voters more responsible
a. honor its existing defense commitment, c. To fight the influence of Communism
but that in the future its allies would in poor communities
have to fight their own wars without d. In accordance with Article V of the
large numbers of American troops. Constitution
b. supply only economic aid to its allies. e. To empower women
c. seek détente with the Soviet Union and
the People’s Republic of China.
d. intervene to help its allies fight 47. Which was not a side effect of the
communism only if the United States construction of the Erie Canal?
was allowed to send American troops. a. New York industry boomed
e. maintain naval and air bases in East b. The Old Northwest attracted thousands
Asia but not put troops on the Asian of immigrants
mainland. c. Great Lake adjacent cities became
powers
d. Farmers moved farther west
43. The Supreme Court cases of Muller and e. Slave labor in the north exploded
Adkins centered on
a. racial differences.
b. affirmative action. 48. Which Founding Father favored government
c. “right to work” laws from several states. most similar to the British system?
d. the question of whether women merited a. Thomas Jefferson
special legal and social treatment. b. John Adams
e. antitrust legislation. c. James Madison
d. Alexander Hamilton
e. John Marshall
44. After the Scopes “Monkey Trial,”
a. fundamentalism disappeared outside the
rural South.
b. John Scopes was sentenced to serve 49. Which document led to the theory of
time in jail. nullification?
c. Christians found it increasingly difficult a. Jay’s Treaty
to reconcile the revelations of religion b. Neutrality Proclamation
with modern science. c. Kentucky Resolution
d. the gap between theology and biology d. Northwest Ordinance
began to close. e. Sedition Act
e. fundamentalist religion remained a
trailblazing law that
50. Which group exemplified Nativist feelings a. gave labor the right to bargain
in early America? collectively.
a. Know-Nothing Party b. established the NRA.
b. Sons of Liberty c. established the Social Security system.
c. Whigs d. authorized the Public Works
d. Federalists Administration (PWA).
e. The German Forty-Eighters e. guaranteed housing loans to workers.
51. Slaves in the Antebellum South were 56. The 1962 Trade Expansion Act
mostly used a. cut taxes to increase American
a. To harvest cotton purchasing power.
b. To harvest tobacco b. provided incentives to American
c. To harvest wheat overseas investments.
d. As house-servants c. made the United States a member of the
e. By small farmers Common Market.
d. raised the minimum-wage and Social
Security benefits of most working-class
52. At the Paris Peace Conference, Wilson Americans.
sought all of the following goals except e. reduced American tariffs.
a. preventing a seizure of territory by the
victors.
b. an end to the European colonial empires 57. Jefferson’s election is called the “Revolution
in Africa and Asia. of 1800” because
c. a world parliament of nations to provide a. It marked a peaceful transfer of power
collective security. to an opposing party
d. national self-determination for smaller b. Aaron Burr attempted to secede several
European nations. states from the Union
e. free trade and freedom of the seas. c. The House of Representatives refused
to accept the original winner
d. Many Federalists returned to Britain
e. There were large scale riots throughout
53. As a result of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of the colonies
1930,
a. American industry grew more secure.
b. duties on agricultural products 58. All of the following benefited from the
decreased. Second Great Awakening except
c. American economic isolationism ended. a. Women
d. campaign promises to labor were b. Methodists
fulfilled. c. Baptists
e. the worldwide depression deepened. d. Calvinism
e. Mormonism
54. Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom 59. The Lecompton Constitution
a. advocated social-welfare programs. a. Split the Kansas Territory into Kansas
b. opposed fragmentation of big industrial and Nebraska
combines. b. Allowed voters to choose whether
c. favored small enterprise and slavery would be legal or illegal in
entrepreneurship. Kansas
d. supported minimum-wage laws. c. Protected the ownership of slaves by
e. opposed banking and tariff reform. people who already had them
d. Was rejected by James Buchanan
e. Was very popular in Congress
55. The Wagner Act of 1935 proved to be a
a. took the United States off the gold
60. Which decision nullified the idea of popular standard.
sovereignty? b. empowered President Roosevelt to
a. Gibbons v. Ogden close all banks temporarily.
b. McCulloch v. Maryland c. created the Securities and Exchange
c. Ex Parte Merryman Commission to regulate the stock
d. Dred Scott v. Sanford exchange.
e. Ex Parte Milligan d. permitted commercial banks to engage
in Wall Street financial dealings.
e. created the Federal Deposit Insurance
61. As a result of the Civil War, Corporation to insure individual bank
a. the population of the United States deposits.
declined.
b. political dishonesty grew while honesty
in business rose. 65. The 1955 Geneva Conference
c. the North developed a strong sense of a. unified the two Vietnams.
moral superiority. b. made Ngo Dinh Diem president of
d. the great majority of political and Vietnam.
business leaders became corrupt. c. called for the two Vietnams to hold
e. waste, extravagance, speculation, and national elections within two years.
graft reduced the moral stature of the d. created the Southeast Asia Treaty
Republic. Organization.
e. established a permanent division of
Vietnam.
62. The case of Lochner v. New York
represented a setback for progressives and
labor advocates because the Supreme 66. Franklin Roosevelt’s sensational
Court in its ruling “Quarantine Speech” resulted in
a. declared a law limiting work to ten a. immediate British support of U.S.
hours a day unconstitutional. policy.
b. declared unconstitutional a law b. a wave of protest by isolationists.
providing special protection for women c. support from both Democratic and
and workers. Republican leaders.
c. declared that prohibiting child labor d. Japanese aggression in China.
would require a constitutional e. a modification of the Neutrality Acts.
amendment.
d. upheld the constitutionality of a law
enabling business to fire labor 67. Before the Civil War, most slaves earned
organizers. their freedom by
e. ruled that fire and safety regulations a. Running to the North
were local and not state or federal b. Slave revolts
concerns. c. Buying it
d. Being smuggled by abolitionists
e. Marrying into their master’s family
63. The Social Security Act of 1935 provided all
of the following except
a. unemployment insurance. 68. Commodore Perry opened up trade with
b. old-age pensions. a. China
c. economic provisions for the blind and b. Japan
disabled. c. The Philippines
d. support for the blind and physically d. Cuba
handicapped. e. Siberia
e. health care for the poor.
69. The Crédit Mobilier scandal involved
64. The Glass-Steagall Act a. public utility company bribes.
b. Bureau of Indian Affairs payoffs. b. the major rail lines decreed the division
c. railroad construction kickbacks. of the continent into four time zones so
d. evasion of excise taxes on distilled that they could keep schedules and
liquor. avoid wrecks.
e. manipulating the Wall Street stock c. factories demanded standard time
market. schedules.
d. long-distance telephones required
standard time coordination.
70. The Potsdam conference e. all of the above.
a. determined the fate of Eastern Europe.
b. brought France and China in as part of
the “Big Five. 75. Radical Republicans believed that
c. concluded that the Soviet Union would Construction
enter the war in the Pacific. a. Should rapidly restore the South
d. was Franklin Roosevelt’s last meeting b. Should not use federal power
with Churchill and Stalin. c. Should use policies to restrain states
e. issued an ultimatum to Japan to from abridging citizens’ rights
surrender or be destroyed. d. Should bring about drastic social and
economic transformation
e. Should not use Union soldiers
71. The Civil Rights Bill of 1866 led to the
a. 13th amendment
b. 14th amendment 76. The monetary inflation needed to relieve the
c. 15th amendment social and economic hardships of the late
d. 19th amendment nineteenth century eventually came as a
e. 24th amendment result of
a. the Gold Standard Act.
b. McKinley’s adoption of the bimetallic
72. All of the following are reasons Europe did standard.
not interfere in the Civil War except c. an increase in the international gold
a. Many European workers were anti- supply.
slavery d. Populist fusion with the Democratic
b. They had a surplus of cotton from the party.
pre-war years e. the creation of the Federal Reserve
c. The Union sent over valuable foodstuffs Board.
for European workers
d. Britain was involved in valuable arms
trades with both sides 77. The National Banking System did all of the
e. Many European aristocrats were openly following except
sympathetic to the Confederacy a. Establish a standard bank-note currency
b. Allow banks that joined it to buy
government bonds
73. Which battle led to Lincoln drafting the c. Insure deposits
Emancipation Proclamation? d. Issue sound paper money
a. Seven Days’ Battles e. Become the first significant step
b. Battle of Antietam towards unified banking since 1836
c. Battle of Gettysburg
d. Battle of Cowpens
e. Battle of the Merrimack and the 78. Who ensured the election of 1864 for
Monitor Lincoln?
a. Black men
b. Veterans
74. The United States changed to standard time c. Ex-Confederates
zones when d. Business owners
a. Congress passed a law establishing this e. Women
system.
moral equality of men and women.
79. By 1900, advocates of women’s suffrage
a. argued that women’s biology gave them
a fundamentally different character 80. Tyler used what event as justification for
from men. annexing Texas?
b. temporarily abandoned the movement a. The Caroline affair
for the vote. b. The Aroostook War
c. formed strong alliances with African- c. “Oregon Fever”
Americans seeking voting rights. d. The XYZ affair
d. argued that the vote would enable e. Polk’s victory in the election of 1844
women to extend their roles as mothers
and homemakers to the public world.
e. insisted on the inherent political and
END OF SECTION I
UNITED STATES HISTORY
SECTION II
Part A
(Suggested writing time – 45 minutes)
Percent of Section II score – 45
Directions: The following question requires you to construct a coherent essay that integrates your interpretation of
Documents A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I and your knowledge of the period referred to in the question. High scores will be
earned only by essays that both cite key pieces of evidence from the documents and draw on outside knowledge of
the period.
1. Evaluate the effectiveness of muckraking in the 1900s Progressive Era.
Document A
Up to the beginning of the 19th century no oil seems to have been obtained except from
the surfaces of springs and streams. That it was to be found far below the surface of the
earth was discovered independently at various points in Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio
and Pennsylvania by persons drilling for salt-water to be used in manufacturing salt. Not
infrequently the water they found was mixed with a dark-green, evil-smelling substance
which was recognized as identical with the well-known "rock-oil." It was necessary to rid
the water of this before it could be used for salt, and in many places cisterns were devised
in which the brine was allowed to stand until the oil had risen to the surface. It was then
run into the Creams or on the ground. This practice was soon discovered to be dangerous,
so easily did the oil ignite.
-Ida Tarbell, The History of the Standard Oil Company
Document B
The Aldrich machine controls the legislature, the election boards, the courts − the entire
machinery of the "republican form of government." In 1904, when Aldrich needed a
legislature to reelect him for his fifth consecutive term, it is estimated that carrying the
state cost about two hundred thousand dollars − a small sum, easily to be got back by a
few minutes of industrious pocket-picking in Wall Street; but a very large sum for Rhode
Island politics, and a happy augury of a future day, remote, perhaps, but inevitable, when
the people shall rule in Rhode Island.
-David Graham Phillips, The Treason of the Senate
Document C
“... you may recall the description of the Man with the Muck-rake, the man who could
look no way but downward with the muck-rake in his hands; Who was offered a celestial
crown for his muck-rake, but who would neither look up nor regard the crown he was
offered, but continued to rake to himself the filth of the floor.”
-Theodore Roosevelt
Document D
Ida Tarbell’s recent death recalls the era in which she found fame, the era of the
“muckrakers.” They were a scholarly and responsible group of writers who early in the
century exposed America’s social, economic and political evils and thereby stirred public
opinion so thoroughly that great reform followed.
-Kirk Bates, Milwaukee Weekly
Document E
This is no fairy story and no joke; the meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man
who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one—there
were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a
tidbit. There was no place for the men to wash their hands before they ate their dinner,
and so they made a practice of washing them in the water that was to be ladled into the
sausage. There were the butt-ends of smoked meat, and the scraps of corned beef, and all
the odds and ends of the waste of the plants, that would be dumped into old barrels in the
cellar and left there. Under the system of rigid economy which the packers enforced,
there were some jobs that it only paid to do once in a long time, and among these was the
cleaning out of the waste barrels. Every spring they did it; and in the barrels would be dirt
and rust and old nails and stale water—and cartload after cartload of it would be taken up
and dumped into the hoppers with fresh meat, and sent out to the publics breakfast.
-Upton Sinclair, The Jungle
Document F
There are, in the body politic, economic and social, many and grave evils, and there is
urgent necessity for the sternest war upon them. There should be relentless exposure of
and attack upon every evil man whether politician or business man, every evil practice,
whether in politics, in business, or in social life. I hail as a benefactor every writer or
speaker, every man who, on the platform, or in book, magazine, or newspaper, with
merciless severity makes such attack, provided always that he in his turn remembers that
the attack is of use only if it is absolutely truthful.
-Theodore Roosevelt
Document G
"I have pointed out some of the negative wastes of competition," answered the other. "I
have hardly mentioned the positive economies of cooperation. Allowing five to a family,
there are fifteen million families in this country; and a least ten million of these live
separately, the domestic drudge being either the wife or a wage slave. Now set aside the
modern system of pneumatic house-cleaning and the economies of cooperative cooking;
and consider one single item, the washing of dishes.
-Upton Sinclair, The Jungle
Document H
Lincoln Steffens concerned himself with several continuing motifs of American
radicalism. He fits in quite well with the mood of a new radicalism that believes
American culture, as well as economic institutions, have to be changed. "He was always
the psychologist," Fred Howe said, and in this later years Steffens was particularly
interested in studying the potentialities of the human mind. The main thing wrong with
the world, he believed, was our way of thinking. He looked at New England and saw a
conflict between inherited ideals and modern economic realities; his conclusion was that
the ideal of individual success had to be replaced by an ethic of community achievement.
-Herbert Shapiro, Lincoln Steffens: the Muckraker Revisited
Document I
The muckrakers had respectable allies when they bore down on the nation's"
bucketshops." The New York Stock Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade were
anxious, like the reformers, to shut down these "shops," which drained off much business
they might otherwise obtain. In fact, the exchanges spearheaded the attack on the "shops"
in many states. By a careful monitoring of their stock quotation service, and later by an
agreement with Western Union, the markets were able to reduce the "bucket shops,"
because few could exist without a constant stream of prices to lure the customers.
-Cedric B. Cowing, Market Speculation in the Muckraker
Era
END OF DOCUMENTS FOR QUESTION 1
UNITED STATES HISTORY
SECTION II
Part B and Part C
(Suggested total planning and writing time – 70 minutes)
Percent of Section II score – 55
Part B
Directions: Choose ONE question from this part. You are advised to spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes
writing your answer. Cite relevant historical evidence in support of your generalizations and present your arguments
clearly and logically.
1. How did the Dred Scott Decision and John Brown’s raid further divide the nation?
2. How did the ideas of Manifest Destiny dominate the president election of 1844?
Part C
Directions: Choose ONE question from this part. You are advised to spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes
writing your answer. Cite relevant historical evidence in support of your generalizations and present your arguments
clearly and logically.
3. What role did African American play in the abolitionist movement?
4. What advantages did each side have at the beginning of the Civil War?
END OF EXAMINATION
