PowerPoint Presentation - Programming Languages: LOGO

							  Programming Languages:
  LOGO
                "Logo is the name for a philosophy of education and a
                continually evolving family of programming languages that
                aid in its realization."
                                         - Harold Abelson
                                          Apple Logo, 1982

Karen Hicklin
15 November 2004
CIS 121
Introduction
   There are several different computer programming languages each of
    which have specialties.
   If you want a program to average a list of numbers the program to your
    liking would be BASIC or C.
       A variation to C is C++ which is the programming language we are
          learning.
   The first computer language was introduced in 1954 and was called
    FORTRAN.
   FORTRAN was used in science and engineering,
   It introduced the concepts of variables, conditional statements, and
    separately compiled subroutines.
   The most common program to teach children the concepts of computer
    programming is Logo through the use of turtle graphics.
Programming Language
   Logo is just a one programming language.
   The definition of a programming language is an artificial
    language used to write a sequence of instructions that can be
    ran by a computer.
   Programming languages are very similar to natural languages.
   They have a vocabulary, grammar,and syntax.
   Programming can not be used through the language we speak.
   Our language is ambiguous because the words and grammar
    used can be interpreted in multiple ways.
   In programming the languages used have simple logical
    structures and the rules for grammar, spelling, and punctuation
    should be precise.
   The main objective of computer language is the process of
    people being able to communicate with computers.
The Importance of Logo
 Logo   was created with children children
  in mind which makes the concepts easy
  to grasp.
 It allows children to become proficient in
  programming.
 Logo gives alternative to programming.
LOGO History
   The LOGO programming language in computer science terms was
    created at MIT in 1968 by Seymour Papert.
   The main usage is to assist children in learning how to program.
   It was initially used to teach mathematical concepts to children.
   Logo is easy to use, to read, and to learn.
   The slogan for the programming language was “A language for
    learning.”
   This statement simply states Logo is a language for learning how to
    compute or program a computer.
   The other meaning of the slogan is a language to make computing
    simple so that it is easy to understand for the user.
   Logo was derived from another programming language called LISP.
LISP
   LISP was created doing the time period of 1959-1960 by John
    McCarthy.
   It was a list-oriented computer programming language.
   LISP is and has been used in research and academic areas.
   It is considered to be the “standard” language for artificial-
    intelligence research.
   It is an interpreted language in which every expression is a list
    of calls to functions.
   This programming language opened up the doorways to other
    computer programming languages along with Logo.
Logo- Turtle Graphics
 Turtlegraphics is a simple graphics
  environment.
 Through turtle graphics a turtle is
  manipulated by simple commands.
 While the turtle moves it leaves a track.
 The commands are pen up, pen down,
  forward, back, right, and left.
Pictures of Turtle Graphics
Conclusion
 Currently at Spelman in this computer science class we are
 learning how to work with programming languages. The most
 concentrated language is C++. The skills in C++ are related to
 that of Logo because they are both used to communicate with
 the computer and also how to write programs on the computer.
 The topic of Logo is interesting because the computing age has
 taken new turns and is know able to be mastered by children.
 The computer, a high technology machine is now accessible to
 children not only through applications but also through
 programming.
Bibliography
“Logo (Programming Language).” Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia
      Standard 2004. CD-ROM. 2004
“Programming Language.” Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Standard
      2004. CD-ROM. 2004
“The LOGO Programming Language.” LOGO. 12 Nov. 2004
           <http://www.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis400/
                  logo/logo.html>
“Turtle Graphics.” Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Standard 2004. CD-
      ROM. 2004
“What is Logo?” Logo Programming Language. 2000. Logo Foundation.
      12 Nov. 2004
           <http://el.media.mit.edu/logo-foundation/logo/index.html>