ICU3 - Cross Sectional Anatomy

							       ICU3 - Cross Sectional Anatomy - 2011
   This practical is intended to complement your dissection work. Try to relate the two.

   Modern diagnoses are often based on cross sectional images: CT, MRI or ultrasound. It is
   important to be able to convert readily from cross sections to three-dimensional images
   and to recognise anatomical structures viewed from a variety of orientations.

   The full instructions at http://www.bmb.leeds.ac.uk/teaching/icu3/practic/comp/index.htm
   include Guided Tours and a Revision Checklist with clickable links to labelled sections
   showing all the key anatomical features. There are some practice exam questions and
   self assessment tests at the end of these instructions.

   The images are on two websites with very different features. Be sure to visit both of them.

1) “Visible Human” images at http://www.bmb.leeds.ac.uk/illingworth/visible/vismale.htm on
   the BMB server. The freshly frozen healthy male cadaver came from a judicial execution in
   Texas. These sections are 1mm thick, and can be viewed at low or high resolution.

2) CT scans at: http://www.bmb.leeds.ac.uk/illingworth/visible/xrays.htm The sections for
   these greyscale images of a healthy female are 10mm thick. The subject was given
   intravenous X-ray contrast medium, which was filtered by her kidneys, revealing her
   urinary tract. Note the peristalsis in the ureters, and the boluses of urine moving towards
   her bladder. Iodine-based contrast medium is much denser than water and has settled in
   her bladder. She also drank some X-ray contrast medium, which outlines the lumen of her
   upper GI tract. Make sure that you can recognise the major anatomical structures on these
   X-ray images.

   All these images are viewed looking from the feet towards the head. This is the
   international standard for cross sectional x-ray images. It is the way a doctor would
   normally view a patient in bed, but the opposite orientation to the way that you probably
   think about your own body. Notice the conspicuous LEFT and RIGHT marked on each
   image.

   Both sites have some features in common:

   a) Click the HEAD and FEET buttons to move one section at a time cranially or caudally.
      Double click to jump ten sections at a time on the “Visible Human”. This is
      unnecessary on the X-ray images where the sections are already ten times thicker.

   b) Each site includes an image map viewed at right angles to the main sections. Scroll
      down to see these image maps. Click in the image map to jump directly to the
      corresponding section. The “box” on the CT scans provides a lower exposure setting
      for the lungs.

   c) You can also jump directly to a specified section. Click the JUMP button, enter the
      desired number in the section number window then press RETURN.

   d) Click the MORE button on the Visible Human images to switch to a higher resolution
      image which more than fills the screen. You must use the scroll bars to inspect this
      image, but you can still use the HEAD, FEET and JUMP buttons to move between
      sections. Click the LESS button to return to the low resolution dataset. The MORE
      button doesn’t work on the X-ray images.