Nation States

							Nation States
             Spain


•Iberians
•Visigoths
•Moors
•Reconquista
•1469 - Marriage
 of Ferdinand and
 Isabella
Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella
•Completed the Reconquista
•Began the Sp. Inquisition
•Drove Out the Moors (1492)
•Ousted the Jews
•Sponsored Overseas Expeditions
•Treaty of Tordesillas
•Foundation for Absolutism…
•Expanded Royal Power
Charles I
            Charles I
•1516 – 1556
•HRE in 1519 (Charles V)
•Sent Conquistadors to New World
•Sponsored Religious Wars
 in Europe
•1556 – Divided Empire
    •Ferdinand – HRE
    •Philip II - Spain
        Philip II
•1556 – 1598
•Spain’s Golden Age
•Religious Wars
•Defeated Turks
•Sent Sp. Armada to England
•Lost the Netherlands (Dutch)
•Spain Began Rapid Decline!
Built His Royal Palace…




     The Escorial
                     Spain
   Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote
  The Dutch Republic
•Ind. From Spain (1609)
•Banking, Commerce, Art
•Great for a Short Time
                 Netherlands
   Famous for painters
    like Rembrandt and
    Jan Vermeer
          Holy Roman Empire
   Catholics v. Protestants
    when Ferdinand became
    emperor = Thirty Years
    War

   Catholics won many
    battles under mercenary
    Wallenstein
Thirty Years’ War

      Protestant Denmark
       entered the war and lost
      Protestant Sweden under
       Gustavus Adolphus entered
       the war
          Using new tactics with guns
           he beat the Catholics
            Thirty Years’ War

   After Gustavus’s Death, France entered
    the war because they did not want the
    Hapsburgs to win

   Peace of Westphalia ended the war
Peace of Westphalia
•Charles VI and the
 Pragmatic Sanction
 (1713)
Maria Theresa
       Holy Roman Empire
                     Prussia
                  •Frederick William
                   (the Great Elector)
                  •Hohenzollerns
                  •Frederick I (Too Fr.)
                  •Frederick William I
                  •The “Soldier King”
                  •Potsdam Guard
Frederick William •“Sparta of the North”
•The Great
•Machiavellian Politics
•Expanded Borders
•Set Off the War of
 Austrian Succession
•Grew into the Seven
 Years’ War
•Ended by the Treaty
 of Paris (1763)
                          Frederick II
Frederick the Great
    Charles VII         Louis XI
(Drove Out English)   “Spider King”
       Toward Absolutism
•Henry II – Died in a Jousting Accident
•Religious Wars
•War of the Three Henrys
   •Henry III
   •Henry of Guise (Catholic)
   •Henry of Navarre (Protestant)
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572)
   France

•Henry IV
•Bourbon Dynasty
•Edict of Nantes
•Died - 1610
•Which Path Did France Take?
•How Did It Get There?
  Henry IV Died in 1610…
            Louis XIII
•Architect of Absolutism
•Sent Intendants
•Religious Issues
•Costly Wars…
•Thirty Years’ War



                   Cardinal Richelieu
                   •Trained by Richelieu
                   •Negotiated Peace of
                    Westphalia
                   •Regent for Louis XIV




Cardinal Mazarin
   Louis XIV
•1643-1715
•“Sun King”
•Built Versailles
•L’etat C’est Moi
                   Trade

   Mercantilism is when a nation’s power is
    depends on how wealthy it is
   To be wealthy states had to sell more
    goods than they buy = favorable
    balance of trade
Versailles
Hall of Mirrors
        …And Also:
•Dictated Style
•Revoked Edict of Nantes
•1000s of Huguenots Left France
•Established Mercantilism
•Fought Long, Costly Wars
•His Successors?
•Ivan I (Moneybags)
•Ivan III (The Great)
•Ivan IV (The Terrible)
           •Drove Out Mongols
           •Began Unification
           •Doubled Size
           •Married a Byzantine
            Princess
           •Moscow – The Third
            Rome!
           •Built His Palace,
            the Kremlin
Ivan III
•First Czar/Tsar
•Consolidated Power
•Reign of Terror
•Broke with Church
•Died in 1584
•“Time of Troubles”
Afterward…
•Michael Romanov
•A New Dynasty        Ivan IV
Peter I
     Peter I’s Rule
•1682 – 1725
•Completed Absolutization
•Built St. Petersburg
•Sought “Windows” (Ports)
•“Westernization” of Russia
•Est. Holy Synod
•Created a “Service Nobility”
•Expanded Russia’s Size
 What Is
This Man
 Doing?
                   Trade
   The colonies started a new wave of business
    practices = Commercial Revolution



   A part of the Commercial Revolution was the
    rise of capitalism
   Capitalism is an economic system based on
    private ownership and investment of wealth
    for profit