South Carolina Criminal and Juvenile Justice Trends, 1999 (PDF)

SOUTH CAROLINA CRIMINAL AND JUVENILE JUSTICE TRENDS 1999 SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY OFFICE OF SAFETY AND GRANTS OFFENSES CRIME INDEX: The crime index is a basic measure of crime. The offenses defined as index crimes were chosen because of their serious nature, the frequency of their occurrence, and the level of public interest. The offenses of murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault are defined as violent crimes. Breaking or entering, larceny, and motor vehicle theft are defined as property crimes. The crime index is the total of these offenses reported by law enforcement agencies to the State Law Enforcement Division (SLED). CRIME RATE: The crime rate shows the number of index crimes per 10,000 units of population. The crime rate is a measure of criminal activity that allows valid comparisons over time and among areas of differing population sizes. The formula for calculating crime rates follows below: Crime Rate = Number of Crimes x 10,000 Total Population Formula for calculating percent change: Percent change over previous year = X2-X1 X1 Where: X1= Number, rate of crimes, arrests in previous year. Where: X2= Number, rate of crimes, arrests in present year. 3 South Carolina's index crime rate decreased 6.6% from 1997 to 1998. From 1975 to 1998, the index crime rate increased 32.5%. INDEX CRIME: Index crime consists of murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, breaking or entering, larceny and motor vehicle theft. ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 231,372 221,481 -4.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 615.35 577.37 -6.6% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 126,335 221,481 +75.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 435.64 577.37 +32.5% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 4 South Carolina Index Crime Rate 700 600 500 Rate per 10,000 400 300 200 100 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 5 South Carolina's index crime rate has exceeded the national index crime rate since 1990. STATE & NATIONAL INDEX CRIME RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 South Carolina 435.6 464.1 460.4 465.8 478.2 531.6 527.8 533.2 481.6 470.2 491.3 520.2 528.2 553.8 573.5 604.3 620.0 602.4 598.9 616.8 612.1 620.1 615.4 577.4 United States 528.2 526.6 505.5 510.9 552.1 590.0 580.0 555.3 515.9 503.1 520.6 548.0 555.0 566.4 574.4 582.0 589.8 566.0 548.3 537.4 527.6 507.9 492.3 461.6 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 6 State and National Index Crime Rate S.C. 700 National 600 500 Rate per 10,000 400 300 200 100 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 7 Index crimes occur most frequently in the summer. More index crimes were reported in July than any other month, the least amount was reported in February. MONTHLY INDEX CRIMES FOR 1998 INDEX OFFENSES Month January February March April May June July August September October November December TOTAL Number 18,540 15,457 17,495 18,062 19,560 18,790 20,525 20,160 18,443 19,029 17,460 17,983 221,504 Percentage 8.4% 7.0% 7.9% 8.2% 8.8% 8.5% 9.3% 9.1% 8.3% 8.6% 7.9% 8.1% 100.0% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 8 South Carolina Index Crimes by Month, 1998 25,000 20,000 Rate per 10,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D Month 9 South Carolina's violent crime rate decreased 9.1% from 1997 to 1998. From 1975 to 1998 the violent crime rate increased 82.1%. VIOLENT CRIME: Violent crime consists of murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault, and involves the element of personal confrontation between the victim and offender. VIOLENT CRIME ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 37,387 34,677 -7.2% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 99.43 90.40 -9.1% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year Number of Offenses Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 1975 1998 % Change 14,372 34,677 +141.2% 49.64 90.40 +82.1% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 10 South Carolina Violent Crime Rate 110 100 90 80 70 Rate per 10,000 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 11 South Carolina's violent crime rate has exceeded the national violent crime rate every year since 1975. STATE & NATIONAL VIOLENT CRIME RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 South Carolina 49.6 56.5 60.6 60.8 64.1 64.5 63.6 72.1 62.3 63.1 64.1 68.4 69.3 75.8 83.5 98.4 97.7 99.8 105.6 107.2 100.7 99.8 99.4 90.4 United States 48.2 46.0 46.7 48.7 53.5 58.1 57.7 55.5 52.9 53.9 55.6 61.7 61.0 63.7 66.3 73.2 75.8 75.8 74.6 71.4 68.5 63.4 61.1 56.6 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 12 State and National Violent Crime Rates S.C. 120 National 100 80 Rate per 10,000 60 40 20 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 13 South Carolina's murder rate decreased 8.2% from 1997 to 1998. The murder rate has decreased 46.2% since 1998. MURDER: Murder is the willful killing of one person by another. The classification of this offense is based on police investigation as opposed to the determination of a court, medical examiner, coroner, jury or other judicial body. Deaths caused by negligence, suicide, accident or justifiable homicides are not included. MURDER ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 321 299 -6.9% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants .85 .78 -8.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 421 299 -29.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 1.45 .78 -46.2% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 14 South Carolina Murder Rate 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 Rate per 10,000 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 15 South Carolina Murder Weapons 1998 1979 4.5% Hands/Feet 7.7% 9.4% Other Weapons 11.7% 6.2% Other Firearms 12.7% 17.5% Knife 14.7% 62.2% Handgun 53.1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Percent of Murders 16 Relationship of Murder Victims to Offenders in South Carolina 1998 1979 7.4% Unknown 10.7% 15.6% Stranger 13.0% 26.8% Family 27.8% 50.3% Known to Victim 48.5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Percent of Murders 17 South Carolina's murder rate has exceeded the national murder rate every year except for 1995. STATE & NATIONAL MURDER RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 South Car olina 1.45 1.11 1.12 1.11 1.19 1.11 1.04 1.09 1.00 .94 .93 .87 .95 .96 .94 1.11 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.00 .79 .94 .85 .78 United States .96 .88 .88 .90 .97 1.02 .98 .91 .83 .79 .79 .86 .83 .84 .87 .94 .98 .95 .93 .90 .82 .74 .68 .63 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 18 State and National Murder Rates S.C. 1.6 National 1.4 1.2 1.0 Rate per 10,000 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 19 South Carolina's rape rate decreased 10.5% from 1997 to 1998. From 1975 to 1998, the rape rate increased 77.3%. RAPE: Forcible rape is the carnal knowledge of a person, forcibly and against their will. Assaults or attempts to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included; however statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses are excluded. RAPE ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 1,905 1,741 -8.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 5.07 4.54 -10.5% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 741 1,741 +135.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 2.56 4.54 +77.3% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 20 South Carolina Rape Rate 7 6 5 Rate per 10,000 4 3 2 1 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 21 Relationship of Rape Victims to Offenders in South Carolina 1998 1979 9.1% Unknown 6.7% 9.1% Family 17.9% 41.5% Stranger 18.2% 47.4% Known to Victim 57.2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Percent of Rape Victims 22 South Carolina Rape Victims by Location 1998 1979 6.3% Commercial 2.9% 2.4% Hotels/Motels 4.3% 8.1% Woods 4.4% 5.8% Other 7.4% Highway 10.8% 21.9% Residence 53.2% 70.2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Percent of Rapes 23 South Carolina's rape rate has exceeded the national rape rate since 1982. STATE & NATIONAL RAPE RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 South Carolina 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.5 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.8 5.4 6.0 6.3 5.5 5.7 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.5 United States 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 24 State and National Rape Rates S.C. 7 National 6 5 Rate per 10,000 4 3 2 1 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 25 South Carolina's robbery rate decreased 11.4% from 1997 to 1998. ROBBERY: Robbery is the taking or attempted taking of anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or the threat of force, by violence, or by putting the victim in fear. ROBBERY ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 6,514 5,887 -9.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 17.32 15.35 -11.4% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 3,087 5,887 +109.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 10.64 15.35 +44.3% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 26 South Carolina Robbery Rate 20 18 16 14 Rate per 10,000 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 27 Weapon Use in South Carolina Robberies 1998 1979 9.6% Other Weapons 10.9% 12.4% Knife 9.4% 40.9% Hands/Feet 36.1% 37.1% Firearms 43.6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Percent of Robberies 28 South Carolina Robberies by Location 1998 1979 7.6% Other 13.6% 13.5% Service/Conv. Store 15.3% 15.6% Residences 19.9% 29.8% Commercial 21.0% 33.5% Highways 30.2% 0% 10% 20% Percent of Robberies 30% 40% 29 The national robbery rate has exceeded South Carolina's robbery rate every year since 1975. STATE & NATIONAL ROBBERY RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 South Carolina 10.6 10.0 10.1 9.7 10.2 11.6 12.0 12.3 10.6 10.4 9.5 10.1 10.3 12.7 13.4 15.2 17.1 17.8 19.3 19.1 17.9 17.0 17.2 15.4 United States 21.8 19.6 18.7 19.1 21.2 24.4 25.1 23.2 21.4 20.5 20.9 22.5 21.3 22.1 23.3 25.7 27.3 26.4 25.6 23.8 22.1 20.2 18.6 16.5 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 30 State and National Robbery Rates S.C. 30 National 25 20 Rate per 10,000 15 10 5 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 31 South Carolina's aggravated assault rate decreased 8.5% from 1997 to 1998. The aggravated assault rate has increased 99.7% from 1975 to 1998. AGGRAVATED ASSAULT: Aggravated assault is an unlawful attack for the purpose of inflicting serious bodily injury. This assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. Attempted aggravated assaults are also included. AGGRAVATED ASSAULT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 28,647 26,750 -6.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 76.19 69.73 -8.5% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 10,123 26,750 +164.2% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 34.91 69.73 +99.7% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 32 South Carolina Aggravated Assault Rate 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 33 Weapon Use in South Carolina Aggravated Assaults 1998 1979 11.2% Hands/Feet 21.0% 29.6% Firearms 21.8% 28.4% Knives 22.4% 30.9% Other Weapons 34.7% 0% 10% 20% Percent of Assaults 30% 40% 34 Relationship of Victims to Offenders in South Carolina Aggravated Assaults 1998 1987 6.7% Unknown 8.2% 16.7% Stranger 13.1% 22.6% Family 26.7% 54.0% Known to Victim 51.7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Percent of Assaults 35 South Carolina's aggravated assault rate has exceeded the national aggravated assault rate every year since 1975. STATE & NATIONAL AGGRAVATED ASSAULT RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 South Carolina 34.9 42.4 46.2 46.6 49.5 48.2 47.0 54.9 47.1 47.6 49.4 53.2 53.6 57.8 64.4 76.7 73.4 74.6 79.6 81.4 77.0 76.8 75.4 69.7 United States 22.7 22.9 24.2 25.6 27.9 29.1 28.1 28.1 27.3 29.0 30.3 34.6 35.1 37.0 38.3 42.4 43.3 44.2 44.0 43.0 41.8 38.8 38.2 36.1 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 36 State and National Aggravated Assault Rates S.C. National 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 37 South Carolina's index property crime rate decreased 5.6% from 1997 to 1998. Since 1975, the property crime rate has increased 26.1%. PROPERTY CRIME: Property index crimes include the offenses of breaking or entering, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. PROPERTY CRIME ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 193,985 186.804 -3.7% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 515.92 486.98 -5.6% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 111,963 186,804 +66.8% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 386.08 486.98 +26.1% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 38 South Carolina Property Crime Rate 600 500 400 Rate per 10,000 300 200 100 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 39 Until 1991, South Carolina's property crime rate was lower than the U.S. property crime rate. However, since 1991, the state rate has exceeded the U.S. rate. STATE & NATIONAL PROPERTY CRIME RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 South Carolina 386.1 407.6 399.8 405.1 414.1 467.1 464.3 461.1 419.3 407.1 427.3 451.8 459.0 477.9 490.0 505.9 522.4 502.7 493.3 512.3 511.4 520.3 515.9 487.0 United States 480.0 480.7 458.8 462.2 498.6 531.9 522.3 499.8 463.0 449.2 465.1 486.3 494.0 502.7 508.1 508.9 514.0 490.3 473.7 465.8 459.1 444.5 431.2 404.9 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 40 State and National Property Crime Rates S.C. 600 National 500 400 Rate per 10,000 300 200 100 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 41 South Carolina's breaking or entering rate decreased 5.9% from 1997 to 1998. Since 1975, the breaking or entering rate has decreased 28.2%. BREAKING OR ENTERING: Breaking or entering is the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. The use of force to gain entry is not required to classify an offense as breaking or entering. BREAKING OR ENTERING ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 45,934 44,118 -4.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 122.16 115.01 -5.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 46,476 44,118 -5.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 160.26 115.01 -28.2% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 42 South Carolina Breaking or Entering Rates 175 150 125 Rate per 10,000 100 75 50 25 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 43 South Carolina's breaking or entering rate has exceeded the national rate every year since 1986. STATE & NATIONAL BREAKING OR ENTERING RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 South Carolina 160.3 147.1 153.7 142.6 142.2 163.2 158.4 145.9 130.8 124.2 127.3 135.7 138.5 144.9 142.1 137.7 145.9 138.8 129.9 128.6 126.5 126.4 122.2 115.0 United States 152.6 143.9 141.1 142.4 149.9 166.8 163.2 147.5 133.4 126.4 128.7 134.5 133.0 130.9 127.6 123.6 125.2 116.8 109.9 104.2 98.7 94.3 92.0 86.2 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 44 State and National Breaking or Entering Rates S.C. 180 National 160 140 120 Rate per 10,000 100 80 60 40 20 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 45 South Carolina's larceny rate decreased 6.2% from 1997 to 1998. Since 1975, the larceny rate has increased 63.9%. LARCENY: Larceny is the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. It includes crimes such as shoplifting, pocket-picking, purse snatching, thefts from motor vehicles, thefts of motor vehicle parts, and accessories in which no use of force, violence or fraud occurs. This crime category does not include embezzlement, con games, forgery, worthless checks, or motor vehicle theft. LARCENY ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 132,378 126,683 -4.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 352.07 330.25 -6.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 58,422 126,683 +116.8% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 201.46 330.25 +63.9% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 46 South Carolina Larceny Rate 400 350 300 250 Rate per 10,000 200 150 100 50 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 47 South Carolina's larceny rate has exceeded the national larceny rate since 1990. STATE & NATIONAL LARCENY RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 South Carolina 201.5 236.8 222.7 236.2 243.9 273.9 278.5 287.4 264.3 258.8 273.6 288.1 291.9 301.8 313.0 329.7 337.8 326.3 326.4 341.9 346.1 351.5 352.1 330.3 United States 280.5 292.1 273.0 274.4 298.8 315.6 312.2 307.0 286.7 279.1 290.1 301.0 308.1 313.5 317.0 319.5 322.9 310.3 303.2 302.5 304.4 297.6 288.7 272.8 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 48 State and National Larceny Rates S.C. 400 National 350 300 250 Rate per 10,000 200 150 100 50 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 49 South Carolina's motor vehicle theft rate increased less than 1% from 1997 to 1998, and has increased 71.3% since 1975. MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT: Motor vehicle theft is the stealing or attempted stealing of a motor vehicle, including automobiles, trucks, buses, motorcycles, motor-scooters, snowmobiles, etc. This definition excludes the unauthorized taking of motor vehicles for temporary use by those having lawful access. MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 15,673 16,003 +2.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 41.68 41.72 +0.1% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 1998 % Change Number of Offenses 7,065 16,003 +126.5% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 24.36 41.72 +71.3% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 50 South Carolina Motor Vehicle Theft Rate 45 40 35 30 Rate per 10,000 25 20 15 10 5 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 51 South Carolina's motor vehicle theft rate has been lower than the national motor vehicle theft rate every year since 1975. STATE & NATIONAL MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 South Carolina 24.4 23.8 23.4 26.3 28.0 29.9 27.3 27.8 24.2 24.1 26.3 28.0 28.7 31.2 35.0 38.5 38.7 37.6 37.0 39.0 38.8 42.4 41.7 41.7 United States 46.9 44.8 44.8 45.5 49.9 49.5 46.9 45.3 42.9 43.7 46.2 50.8 52.9 58.3 63.4 65.8 65.9 63.2 60.5 59.1 56.1 52.6 50.6 45.9 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 52 State and National Motor Vehicle Rates S.C. 70 National 60 50 Rate per 10,000 40 30 20 10 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 53 South Carolina Index Crime Count Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 741 888 942 1,026 1,002 1,143 1,144 1,244 1,143 1,328 1,383 1,395 1,506 1,492 1,649 1,866 2,115 2,251 1,997 2,084 1,820 1,833 1,905 1,741 3,087 2,938 3,021 2,934 3,134 3,608 3,788 3,922 3,414 3,398 3,143 3,357 3,465 4,333 4,608 5,303 6,097 6,399 7,017 6,954 6,573 6,252 6,514 5,887 10,123 12,471 13,818 14,179 15,273 15,501 14,892 17,547 15,203 15,538 16,274 17,731 18,041 19,636 22,176 26,750 26,116 26,807 28,905 29,664 28,287 28,234 28,647 26,750 YearMurder 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 421 327 336 337 368 346 331 348 321 305 306 291 319 325 325 388 408 402 400 366 292 332 321 299 B&E Larceny 46,476 43,246 45,941 43,356 43,893 50,963 50,232 46,675 42,166 40,528 41,925 45,218 46,651 49,278 48,922 48,017 51,887 49,895 47,143 46,846 46,452 46,523 45,934 44,118 58,422 69,639 66,572 71,829 75,298 85,510 88,319 91,929 85,251 84,412 90,103 96,004 98,325 102,622 107,802 114,925 120,139 117,280 118,426 124,567 127,131 129,128 132,378 126,683 MVT 7,065 6,995 6,986 7,991 8,643 9,347 8,670 8,890 7,808 7,853 8,665 9,331 9,651 10,601 12,036 13,420 13,781 13,532 13,444 14,201 14,256 15,675 15,673 16,003 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 54 South Carolina Index Crime Rates Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 2.56 3.02 3.15 3.37 3.25 3.66 3.61 3.89 3.54 4.07 4.20 4.19 4.47 4.39 4.79 5.35 5.95 6.26 5.50 5.72 4.96 4.96 5.07 4.54 10.64 9.99 10.11 9.65 10.15 11.56 11.95 12.26 10.59 10.42 9.54 10.08 10.28 12.74 13.38 15.21 17.14 17.80 19.33 19.09 17.90 16.90 17.32 15.35 34.91 42.40 46.23 46.63 49.48 48.21 46.96 54.85 47.14 47.63 49.42 53.21 53.55 57.75 64.39 76.74 73.42 74.57 79.63 81.43 77.01 76.33 76.19 69.73 YearMurder 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1.45 1.11 1.12 1.11 1.19 1.11 1.04 1.09 1.00 .94 .93 .87 .95 .96 .94 1.11 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.00 .79 .90 .85 .78 B&E Larceny 160.26 147.05 153.70 142.57 142.19 163.24 158.41 145.90 130.75 124.24 127.32 135.71 138.47 144.94 142.05 137.74 145.87 138.79 129.87 128.59 126.47 125.77 122.16 115.01 201.46 236.79 222.72 236.20 243.92 273.89 278.52 287.37 264.34 258.77 273.62 288.13 291.85 301.83 313.01 329.68 337.75 326.23 326.41 341.94 346.12 349.09 352.07 330.25 MVT 24.36 23.78 23.37 26.28 28.00 29.94 27.34 27.97 42.41 24.07 26.31 28.00 28.65 31.18 34.95 38.50 38.74 37.64 37.04 38.98 38.81 42.38 41.68 41.72 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 55 56 ARRESTS Arrest counts provide a measure of law enforcement's response to crime and also provide descriptive data concerning offenders. Arrest practices, policies, and enforcement emphases vary from place to place and even within a community over time. The arrest practices for certain unlawful conduct such as drunkenness, disorderly conduct, vagrancy, and related violations may differ among agencies. But the practices for robbery, burglary, and other serious crime arrests are more likely to be uniform and consistent throughout all jurisdictions. Uniform Crime Reporting procedures require that an arrest be counted on each separate occasion a person is taken into custody, notified, or cited. Annual arrest figures do not measure the number of individuals arrested, since one person may be arrested several times during the year for the same or different offenses (Crime in the United States, 1998). 57 In 1998, 22.3% of South Carolina's index crimes were cleared. CLEARANCE: A crime is cleared when a law enforcement agency has identified an offender, and there is enough evidence to charge him with a crime. A crime is also cleared when some element beyond law enforcement's control precludes placing charges against an offender. The arrest of one person can clear several crimes. Conversely, several persons may be arrested in clearing one crime. INDEX CRIME CLEARANCE RATES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year Number of Offenses Cleared 50,824 49,477 -2.7% Clearance Rate 22.0% 22.3% +1.4% 1997 1998 % Change MULTI-YEAR TREND Year Number of Offenses Cleared 27,536 49,477 +79.7% Clearance Rate 21.8% 22.3% +2.3% 1975 1998 % Change Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 58 State and National Clearance Rates, 1998 S.C. National MVT 14% 15% Larceny 19% 19% B&E 14% 14% Aggravated Assault 59% 51% 28% 36% Robbery Rape 50% 57% Murder 69% 87% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% Percent Clearances 59 South Carolina's arrest rate for index crimes decreased 6.3% from 1997 to 1998. Since 1976, there has been a 17.2% increase. INDEX CRIME: Index crime consists of murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, breaking or entering, larceny and motor vehicle theft. INDEX CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 41,559 39,739 -4.4% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 110.53 103.59 -6.3% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 24,894 39,739 +59.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 88.40 103.59 +17.2 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 60 South Carolina Index Crime Arrest Rate Index I 120 Property Violent 100 80 Rate per 10,000 60 40 20 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 61 South Carolina's violent crime arrest rate decreased 7% from 1997 to 1998. Since 1976, the violent crime arrest rate has increased 44.2%. VIOLENT CRIME: Violent crime consists of murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault, and involves the element of personal confrontation between the victim and offender. VIOLENT CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 13,496 12,806 -5.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 35.89 33.38 -7.0% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 6,519 12,806 +96.4% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 23.15 33.38 +44.2% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 62 South Carolina Violent Crime Arrest Rate 40 35 30 25 Rate per 10,000 20 15 10 5 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 63 South Carolina's property crime arrest rate decreased 5.9% from 1997 to 1998. Since 1976, the property crime arrest rate has increased 7.6%. PROPERTY CRIME: Property index crimes include the offenses of breaking or entering, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. PROPERTY CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 28,063 26,933 -4.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 74.64 70.21 -5.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 18,375 26,933 +46.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 65.25 70.21 +7.6% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 64 South Carolina Property Crime Arrest Rate 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 65 South Carolina Index Crime Arrest Count YearMurder 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 347 346 356 403 378 307 361 334 283 323 289 288 336 310 397 463 467 476 447 340 355 358 353 Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 433 434 457 497 452 462 532 526 570 632 653 685 651 699 721 884 967 804 801 624 665 727 756 1,019 4,720 902 4,044 900 4,000 950 4,281 1,035 4,836 1,115 4,314 1,048 4,124 1,041 3,483 945 3,520 818 3,961 934 4,274 883 3,985 1,011 4,420 1,052 4,726 1,180 5,707 1,661 6,465 1,651 7,069 1,878 7,736 1,854 8,518 1,695 8,254 1,808 9,488 2,146 10,265 1,878 9,819 B&E Larceny 5,979 5,333 5,635 5,806 6,734 6,957 6,556 5,810 5,523 5,353 5,664 5,356 5,783 5,758 5,870 6,967 6,864 6,325 6,188 5,605 6,011 6,272 5,732 11,393 10,832 11,325 12,037 13,516 14,679 15,725 14,680 14,206 14,353 15,218 14,688 15,661 16,221 18,067 19,959 18,636 18,536 19,818 19,619 21,275 20,753 20,200 MVT 1,003 797 890 940 904 824 771 679 716 823 964 852 1,050 1,207 1,362 1,578 1,644 1,368 1,319 1,057 1,173 1,038 1,001 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 66 South Carolina Index Crime Arrest Rates YearMurder 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1.18 1.16 1.17 1.31 1.21 .97 1.13 1.04 .87 .98 .87 .85 .99 .90 1.13 1.30 1.30 1.31 1.22 1.05 .96 .95 .92 Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 1.47 1.45 1.50 1.61 1.45 1.46 1.66 1.63 1.75 1.92 1.96 20.3 1.91 2.03 2.06 2.49 2.69 2.21 2.19 2.00 1.79 1.93 1.97 3.46 3.02 2.93 3.08 3.32 3.52 3.28 3.23 2.90 2.48 2.80 2.62 2.97 3.05 3.37 4.67 4.59 5.17 5.06 5.43 4.86 5.71 4.90 16.05 13.53 13.15 13.87 15.49 13.60 12.89 10.80 10.79 12.03 12.83 11.83 13.00 13.72 16.31 18.18 19.66 21.31 23.25 26.10 25.53 27.30 25.60 B&E Larceny 20.33 17.84 18.53 18.81 21.57 21.94 20.49 18.02 16.93 16.26 17.00 15.90 17.01 16.72 16.78 19.59 19.09 17.42 16.89 17.67 16.17 16.68 14.94 38.74 36.24 37.24 38.99 43.29 46.29 49.16 45.52 43.55 43.59 45.67 43.60 46.06 47.10 51.63 56.11 51.84 51.06 54.09 61.11 57.25 55.19 52.66 MVT 3.41 2.67 2.93 3.05 2.90 2.60 2.41 2.11 2.19 2.50 2.89 2.53 3.09 3.50 3.89 4.44 4.57 3.77 3.60 3.30 3.16 2.76 2.61 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 67 South Carolina's simple assault arrest rate increased 2.2% from 1997 to 1998. Since 1976, the simple assault arrest rate has increased 379.6%. SIMPLE ASSAULT: An unlawful attack upon a person where the offender does not display a weapon, and the victim does not suffer severe or aggravated bodily injury. SIMPLE ASSAULT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 25,753 26,831 +4.2% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 68.49 69.97 +2.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 4,108 26,831 +553.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 14.59 69.97 +379.6% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 68 South Carolina Simple Assault Arrest Rate 70 60 50 Rate per 10,000 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 69 South Carolina's arrest rate for fraud and bad checks decreased 17.6% from 1997 to 1998. FRAUD & BAD CHECKS: The intentional perversion of the truth for the purpose of inducing a person or other entity to part with something of value to include the writing and passing of bad checks. This does not include the offenses of counterfeiting or forgery. FRAUD & BAD CHECKS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 32,573 27,378 -15.9% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 86.63 71.37 -17.6% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 3,102 27,378 +% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 11.02 71.37 +547.6% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 70 71 South Carolina's arrest rate for weapons law violations increased 1.4% from 1997 to 1998. Since 1976, the arrest rate has decreased 9.1%. WEAPONS LAW VIOLATIONS: The violation of laws prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, transportation, possession, concealment or use of firearms, cutting instruments, explosives, or other deadly weapons. WEAPONS LAW VIOLATIONS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 3,124 3,233 +3.5% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 8.31 8.43 +1.4% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 2,611 3,233 +23.8% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 9.27 8.43 -9.1% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 72 South Carolina Weapons Offense Arrest Rate 12 10 8 Rate per 10,000 6 4 2 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 73 South Carolina's drug law arrest rate increased 10.2% from 1997 to 1998. From 1976 to 1998, the arrest rate increased 176.8%. DRUG LAWS : The drug law arrest rate includes arrests for crimes related to the possession, distribution or manufacture of illegal narcotic substances. DRUG LAWS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 24,405 27,449 +12.5% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 64.91 71.55 +10.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 7,280 27,449 +277.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 25.85 71.55 +176.8% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 74 South Carolina Drug Law Arrest Rate 80 70 60 50 Rate per 10,000 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 75 South Carolina's D.U.I. arrest rate decreased 7.2% from 1997 to 1998. Since 1976, the D.U.I. arrest rate has decreased 42.6%. DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE: D.U.I. consists of driving or operating a motor vehicle while mentally or physically impaired as the result of using alcohol, legal drugs, illegal drugs or narcotics. DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 14,732 13,951 -5.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 39.18 36.37 -7.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 17,839 13,951 -21.8% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 63.35 36.37 -42.6% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 76 South Carolina DUI Arrest Rate 80 70 60 50 Rate per 10,000 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 77 South Carolina's liquor law arrest rate increased 1% from 1997 to 1998. Since 1976, the liquor law arrest rate has increased 121.9%. LIQUOR LAWS: Violation of laws pertaining to the manufacture, sale, or distribution of alcoholic beverages. LIQUOR LAWS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 13,453 13,864 +3.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 35.78 36.14 +1.0% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 4,586 13,864 +202.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 16.29 36.14 +121.9% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 78 South Carolina Liquor Law Arrest Rate 60 50 40 Rate per 10,000 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 79 South Carolina's drunkenness arrest rate decreased 1.5% from 1997 to 1998 and has decreased 80.7% since 1976. DRUNKENNESS: To drink alcoholic beverages to the extent that one's mental faculties and physical coordination are substantially impaired. This offense includes the offenses of drunk and disorderly, common drunkard, habitual drunkard, and intoxication. DRUNKENNESS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 10,418 10,393 -0.2% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 27.64 27.22 -1.5% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 39,617 10,393 -73.8% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 140.69 27.22 -80.7% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 80 South Carolina Drunkeness Arrest Rate 160 140 120 100 Rate per 10,000 80 60 40 20 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 81 South Carolina Selected Offense Arrest Count Simple Fraud / YearAssault ChecksWeapons 1976 4,108 1977 5,189 1978 6,373 1979 6,612 1980 7,269 1981 7,814 1982 8,721 1983 8,813 1984 9,435 1985 11,532 1986 12,769 1987 13,069 1988 14,086 1989 15,486 1990 17,801 1991 14,379 1992 13,907 1993 17,687 1994 20,694 1995 24,409 1996 24,828 1997 25,753 1998 26,831 3,102 3,528 4,340 7,047 11,363 12,565 12,788 13,148 14,890 19,328 22,689 22,718 23,579 22,881 24,284 30,492 29,446 30,087 31,995 32,943 35,428 32,573 27,378 2,611 2,435 1,959 2,006 1,837 1,930 2,039 1,770 1,839 1,962 2,252 2,203 2,602 2,923 3,278 3,416 3,423 4,319 4,283 3,463 3,197 3,124 3,233 Drug Laws 7,280 6,707 6,145 6,299 7,687 10,135 10,016 9,020 10,083 11,165 11,014 12,187 14,616 16,734 15,585 14,506 15,199 17,464 20,742 21,399 22,914 24,405 27,449 DUI 17,839 19,334 19,383 18,785 18,473 19,089 20,718 23,959 21,600 21,908 23,039 21,843 23,914 25,561 27,415 23,302 19,945 18,905 17,813 16,488 15,860 14,732 13,951 Liquor Laws 4,586 5,460 4,621 4,346 4,392 4,512 4,595 4,747 9,576 10,990 12,539 14,858 15,775 16,369 17,751 14,676 13,074 11,851 13,970 14,463 11,866 13,453 13,864 Drunk 39,617 40,741 37,049 31,407 32,085 28,912 29,101 28,829 27,190 25,153 25,883 23,143 22,666 22,856 24,378 19,666 16,582 15,072 14,080 12,816 10,607 10,393 10,442 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 82 South Carolina Selected Offense Arrest Rates Simple Fraud / YearAssault ChecksWeapons 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 14.59 18.27 22.14 22.66 23.28 24.64 27.26 27.33 28.92 35.02 38.32 38.79 41.43 44.97 51.06 40.42 38.68 48.72 56.48 66.46 68.49 68.49 69.97 11.02 12.42 15.08 24.15 36.40 39.62 39.97 40.77 45.65 58.69 68.09 67.43 69.35 66.44 69.40 85.72 81.91 83.16 87.32 89.69 94.68 86.63 71.37 9.27 8.57 6.81 6.87 5.88 6.09 6.37 5.49 5.64 5.96 6.76 6.54 7.65 8.49 9.37 9.60 9.52 11.90 11.61 9.43 8.50 8.31 8.41 Drug Laws 25.85 23.62 21.35 21.59 24.62 31.96 31.31 27.97 30.91 33.91 33.06 36.17 42.99 48.59 44.54 40.78 42.28 48.11 56.61 58.26 60.96 64.91 71.55 DUI 63.35 68.08 67.35 64.38 59.17 60.20 64.76 74.29 66.22 66.53 69.14 64.84 70.34 74.22 78.35 65.51 55.48 52.08 48.62 44.89 42.50 39.18 36.37 Liquor Laws 16.29 19.23 16.06 14.89 14.07 14.23 14.36 14.72 29.36 33.37 37.63 44.10 46.40 47.53 50.73 41.26 36.37 32.65 38.13 39.38 31.51 35.78 36.14 Drunk 140.69 143.45 128.73 107.63 102.77 91.18 90.97 89.39 83.35 76.38 77.68 68.69 66.66 66.36 69.67 55.29 46.13 41.52 38.43 34.90 28.43 27.64 27.22 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 83 84 JUDICIARY The judicial system of South Carolina consists of several different levels of courts. These courts include the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, the circuit courts (both General Sessions and Common Pleas), the family courts, the magisterial courts, the municipal courts, the probate courts, and the master-in-equity courts. The prosecutorial system consists of the circuit solicitors and the Office of the Attorney General. The defense component includes public defender corporations, court appointed counsel, retained counsel, and the Office of Appellate Defense (S.C. Judicial Department). Court data presented in the following pages represent activity on the part of the circuit, magisterial and municipal courts. 85 The number of cases filed, disposed, and left pending disposition in South Carolina's Court of General Sessions all increased from FY 9697 to FY 97-98. GENERAL SESSIONS COURT FILINGS AND DISPOSITIONS Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Filings 101,461 109,580 113,289 114,501 102,829 109,419 111,528 113,722 118,640 Dispositions 91,633 97,132 109,514 118,603 106,873 108,222 110,959 111,418 112,123 Pending End of Year 48,756 62,419 67,452 65,478 63,955 66,833 70,175 75,319 79,565 Note: Years 1990 through 1996 represent data collected over the corresponding calendar year. Years 1997 and 1998 represent data collected over the corresponding fiscal year. Sources: South Carolina Judicial Department Annual Reports, Statistical Summaries, South Carolina Judicial Department. 86 South Carolina General Sessions Court Cases Filings 120,000 Dispositions Pending 100,000 80,000 Number of Cases 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 90 Year 95 87 Of all the indictments disposed of in South Carolina's Court of General Sessions during FY 97-98, 47% resulted in convictions. OUTCOME OF SOUTH CAROLINA GENERAL SESSIONS COURT CASES Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Convictions 45.0% 46.2% 46.4% 45.5% 45.1% 46.5% 48.1% 47.2% 47.0% Nonconvictions 43.1% 40.6% 40.7% 43.0% 43.3% 42.8% 41.7% 42.6% 43.4% Other 11.9% 13.2% 12.9% 11.5% 11.6% 11.7% 10.2% 10.2% 9.5% Note: Years 1990 through 1996 represent data collected over the corresponding calendar year. Years 1997 and 1998 represent data collected over the corresponding fiscal year. Sources: South Carolina Judicial Department Annual Reports, Statistical Summaries, South Carolina Judicial Department. 88 Dispostion of Indicitments in South Carolina General Sessions Court Convictions 50% Non-convictions Other 40% Percent of Dispositions 30% 20% 10% 0% 90 Year 95 89 Guilty pleas accounted for 46.2% of all the Court of General Sessions dispositions in FY 97-98. DISPOSITION TYPE FOR SOUTH CAROLINA GENERAL SESSIONS CASES IN FY 97-98 Disposition Number Percentage 46.2% 37.1% 9.5% 5.7% 1.0% .7% 100.0% Guilty Pleas 51,637 Nol Pros 41,539 Other Dispositions 10,685 PTI/Judicial Commitment 6,381 Guilty by Trial 1,086 Not Guilty at Trial 539 Total 111,887 Note: Other Dispositions include those dismissed at preliminary hearing, No Bill by grand jury, those remanded, failure to appear and judicial dispositions. Source: Unpublished material, South Carolina Judicial Department. 90 General Sessions Court Dispositions by Outcome FY 98 Not Guilty: Trial 0.5% Guilty: Trial 1.0% PTI 5.7% Other 9.5% Nol Pros 37.1% Guilty Pleas 46.2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Percent of Dispositions 91 Of all cases decided in South Carolina's magistrate courts in FY 97-98, 78.5% were criminal cases. In 1979, 85.2% of magistrate dispositions involved criminal cases. FY 97-98 DISPOSITIONS BY CASE TYPE Case Type Criminal, Traffic Criminal, Non-traffic Civil Total Cases Number 514,020 192,617 193,599 900,236 Percentage 57.1% 21.4% 21.5% 100.0% 1979 DISPOSITIONS BY CASE TYPE Case Type Criminal Civil Total Cases Number 514,684 89,687 604,371 Percentage 85.2% 14.8% 100.0% Note: Separate data for traffic and non-traffic criminal cases were not available for 1979. Additionally, 1979 data represents the calendar year 1979 while 1998 data represents the fiscal year 1998. Source: South Carolina Judicial Department 1979 Annual Report , Statistical Summary 1996, South Carolina Judicial Department 92 South Carolina Magistrate Court Cases by Type FY 98 60% 57.1% 50% 40% Percent of Dispositions 30% 21.4% 20% 21.5% 10% 0% Criminal, Traffic Criminal, Non-traffic Civil 93 Of the criminal cases processed through South Carolina's magistrate court during FY 97-98, 53.1% resulted in a guilty verdict by bench trial. MAGISTRATE COURT DISPOSITIONS FY 97-98 Case Type Guilty (Bench Trial) Bond Forfeitures Transferred, other Not Guilty Dismissed Guilty (Jury Trial) Number 102,322 23,027 46,237 14,593 5,108 1,330 Percentage 53.1% 12.0% 41.2% 7.6% 2.7% .7% Source: Unpublished material, South Carolina Judicial Department. 94 Outcome of South Carolina Magistrate Court Cases FY 98 Guilty: Jury Trial 0.7% Dismissed 2.7% Not Guilty 7.6% Bond Forfeiture 24.0% Transferred 12.0% Guilty: Bench Trial 53.1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Percent of Dispositions 95 Traffic offenses accounted for 63.9% of South Carolina's municipal court cases filed in FY 97-98, compared to 61.4% in 1980. FY 97-98 FILINGS Case Type Traffic Non-Traffic Municipal Ordinance DUI Total Cases Number 335,531 83,937 98,958 6,548 524,974 Percentage 63.9% 16.0% 18.1% 1.2% 100.0% 1980 FILINGS Case Type Traffic Municipal Ordinance Non-Traffic DUI Total Cases Number 152,387 45,836 42,901 6,942 248,066 Percentage 61.4% 18.5% 17.3% 2.8% 100.0% Note: 1979 Municipal Court data were not available. Sources: South Carolina Judicial Department 1980 Annual Report, Unpublished material, South Carolina Judicial Department. 96 Cases Filed in South Carolina Municipal Court, FY 98 DUI 2.9% Traffic 15.0% Non-Traffic 37.6% Municipal Ordinance 44.4% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Percent of Cases 97 Bench trials accounted for 36.9% of the dispositions in South Carolina's municipal courts in FY 97-98, representing a 76.6% increase over 1980. TYPE OF TRIAL Case Type Forfeit/Other Non-Jury Jury 1980 78.2% 20.9% 0.9% FY 97-98 62.4% 36.9% 0.7% % Change -20.2% +76.6% -22.2% Note: 1979 Municipal Court data were not available. Sources: South Carolina Judicial Department 1980 Annual Report, Unpublished material, South Carolina Judicial Department. 98 Type of Trial in South Carolina Municipal Courts, FY 98 Jury 0.7% Non-Jury 36.9% Forefit/Other 62.4% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Percent of Trials 99 100 JAILS The jail system in South Carolina provides an important example of intergovernmental cooperation. Although jails are the administrative and financial responsibility of local governments, both county and municipal, the South Carolina Department of Corrections (SCDC) is responsible for ensuring that local jails and detention centers meet certain operational standards. Jails must meet these standards to be certified for operation. Jails and detention centers are an important segment of the criminal justice system. They detain prisoners before trial, and provide a place where some inmates may serve their sentences. Data concerning jail capacity and use are available for calendar years 1985 through 1998. 101 The total capacity of South Carolina's jails increased 112.2% from 1985 to 1998, and increased 2.7% from 1997 to 1998. TOTAL RATED JAIL CAPACITY Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Capacity 3,762 3,737 3,823 3,858 3,932 4,126 4,511 4,299 4,745 6,231 7,170 7,487 7,773 7,983 % Change -0.7 +2.3 + 0.9 +1.9 + 4.9 + 9.3 -4.7 +10.4 +31.3 +15.1 +4.4 +3.8 +2.7 Source: Unpublished material, SC Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. 102 South Carolina Jail Capacity 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 Inmate Capacity 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 85 90 Year 95 103 The average daily population of South Carolina's jails increased 185.3% from 1985 to 1998, and has increased 2.7% since 1997. AVERAGE DAILY JAIL POPULATION Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Average Daily Population 3,146 3,255 3,675 3,337 4,260 4,874 5,571 5,437 6,039 6,512 7,589 7,811 8,738 8,977 % Change +3.5 +12.9 -9.2 +27.7 +14.4 +14.3 -1.8 +10.3 +7.8 +16.5 +2.9 +11.9 +2.7 Source: Unpublished material, SC Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. 104 South Carolina Average Daily Jail Population 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 Jail Inmates 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 85 90 Year 95 105 South Carolina's jails, on the average, were operating at 112% of their total rated capacity during 1998. OPERATING CAPACITY OF JAILS Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 % Capacity 84% 87% 96% 87% 108% 118% 124% 126% 127% 105% 106% 104% 112% 112% Source: Unpublished material, SC Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. 106 South Carolina Jail Operating Capacity 140% 120% 100% % of Rated Capacity 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 85 90 Year 95 107 The total capacity of South Carolina's jails to detain juveniles decreased 40.9% from 1985 to 1998. TOTAL JUVENILE JAIL CAPACITY Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Capacity 291 258 199 200 212 205 277 233 156 90 111 114 172 172 % Change -11.3 -22.9 +0.5 +6.0 -3.3 +35.1 -15.9 -33.0 -42.3 +23.3 +2.7 +50.9 0.0 Source: Unpublished material, SC Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. 108 South Carolina Juvenile Detention Capacity 300 250 200 Juvenile Detention Spaces 150 100 50 0 85 90 Year 95 109 110 CORRECTIONS The South Carolina Department of Corrections is a cabinet agency, headed by a director reporting directly to, and serving at the pleasure of, the Governor. The director administers policy and is responsible for the operation of a modern, statewide penal system. The department is responsible for the incarceration of offenders in a safe, secure and humane setting in order to protect public safety. The department also provides offenders with opportunities to become productive, law abiding citizens. 111 South Carolina ranked fifth among the states, incarcerating 550 inmates per 100,000 residents. The national incarceration rate was 461 inmates per 100,000 residents. STATE INCARCERATION RATES: THE TEN HIGHEST, DECEMBER 31, 1998 State Louisiana Texas Oklahoma Mississippi South Carolina Nevada Alabama Arizona Georgia California Incarceration Rate per 100,000 736 724 622 574 550 542 520 507 502 483 Note: This only includes inmates with a sentence of 1 year or more. Source: Prisoners in 1998, United States Bureau of Justice Statistics. 112 Selected Incarceration Rates NC 358 US 461 GA 502 Southern US 520 SC 550 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Inmates per 100,000 Population 113 The South Carolina Department of Corrections' jurisdictional population increased 2.4% from FY 96-97 to FY 97-98. Since FY 74-75, the population has increased 367%. INMATE POPULATION GROWTH Fiscal Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 # Inmates 4,618 6,264 7,167 7,447 7,623 7,869 8,078 8,602 9,392 9,789 10,121 10,755 11,786 12,660 14,049 16,149 17,641 18,581 18,704 19,150 19,328 20,122 21,063 21,568 % Change Over Prior Year +35.6% +14.4% +3.9% +2.4% +3.2% +2.7% +6.5% +9.2% +4.2% +3.4% +6.3% +9.6% +7.4% +11.0% +14.9% +9.2% +5.3% +.7% +2.4% +.9% +4.1% +4.7% +2.4% Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports. 114 South Carolina Inmate Population 25,000 20,000 Inmate Population 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 75 80 85 Fiscal Year 90 95 115 The annual cost per inmate in South Carolina increased 3.3% from FY 96-97 to FY 97-98. ANNUAL COST PER INMATE Fiscal Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Cost $4,147 $4,102 $4,075 $4,826 $5,488 $5,666 $6,489 $7,110 $7,520 $8,632 $9,476 $10,471 $11,721 $12,421 $13,237 $12,707 $12,451 $12,467 $12,296 $12,574 $13,219 $13,315 $13,857 $14,318 Increase -1.1% -.7% +18.4% +13.7% +3.2% +14.5% +9.6% +5.8% +14.8% +9.8% +10.5% +11.9% +6.0% +6.6% -4.0% -2.0% +.1% -1.4% +2.3% +5.1% +.7% +4.1% +3.3% Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports. 116 South Carolina Inmate Costs $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 Annual Cost per Inmate $10,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 75 80 85 Fiscal Year 90 95 117 More inmates are serving time for drug offenses than any other offense category. The proportion of inmates serving time in South Carolina for drug convictions has increased 229% since FY 76-77. OFFENSE DISTRIBUTION FOR INMATES FY 77 Offense Drugs Burglary Homicide Robbery Other Crimes Assault Sexual Assault Larceny Traffic Stolen Vehicle Fraud Forgery Number 501 503 971 1,139 1,158 542 248 1,576 224 95 96 223 Pct. 6.9% 6.9% 13.3% 15.7% 15.9% 7.4% 3.4% 21.7% 3.1% 1.3% 1.3% 3.1% Number 4,893 3,496 2,748 2,488 1,821 1,643 1,287 1,003 750 526 505 408 FY 98 Pct. 22.7% 16.2% 12.7% 11.5% 8.4% 7.6% 6.0% 4.7% 3.5% 2.4% 2.3% 1.9% Notes: Although earlier offense data were available, the FY 77 offense classifications provide the best comparison for current data. Offense category is based on the offense with the longest sentence. Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports. 118 South Carolina Inmate Population by Offense FY 77 Forgery Fraud Stolen Vehicle Traffic Larceny Sexual Assault Assault Other Crimes Robbery Homicide Burglary Drugs 0% 5% 1.9% 2.5% 2.3% 2.4% 3.5% 2.5% 4.7% 6.0% 7.6% 6.0% 8.4% 12.9% 11.5% 12.7% 12.7% 10.8% 5.6% 5.6% 10% 15% 20% 16.2% 22.7% 17.5% 10.7% 10.6% FY 98 2.8% 25% Percent of Inmate Population 119 In FY 83-84, 22.9% of the inmate population was 35 years of age or older. In FY 97-98, 39% of the inmate population was 35 years of age or older. INMATE POPULATION BY AGE FY 84 Age Group Under 17 17-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50+ Yearly Total Number 6 614 2,558 2,563 1,771 1,054 531 240 399 9,736 Pct. .1% 6.3% 26.3% 26.3% 18.2% 10.8% 5.5% 2.5% 4.1% 100.0 Number 7 1,128 3,835 4,214 3,963 3,440 2,476 1,304 1,201 21,063 FY 98 Pct. .0% 5.2% 17.8% 19.5% 18.4% 15.9% 11.5% 6.0% 5.6% 100.0 Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports. 120 South Carolina Inmate Population by Age FY 84 60% FY 98 52.6% 50% 40% Percent of Population 37.3% 34.3% 30% 29.0% 20% 17.5% 10% 6.4% 7.9% 5.3% 4.1% 5.6% 0% 19 & younger 20 - 29 30 - 39 Age Categories 40 - 49 50 & older 121 Of the inmates released in South Carolina during FY 97-98, 47.1% served one year or less. The average time served for all inmates released was one year and eleven months. TIME SERVED BY INMATES RELEASED FY 97-98 Time Served 0-3 months 3-6 months 6-9 months 9-12 months 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years 5-6 years 6-7 years 7-8 years 8-9 years 9-10 years 10-15 years 15-20 years 20+ years Total Number 822 1,702 1,298 1,324 2,480 1,298 625 415 341 211 122 80 49 111 39 10 10,927 Percent 7.5% 15.6% 11.9% 12.1% 22.7% 11.9% 5.7% 3.8% 3.1% 1.9% 1.1% .7% .4% 1.0% .4% .1% 100.0% Note: Excludes inmates who died or were released due to conditions such as shock incarceration, restitution and paid fines. The start of each time range is actually plus one day. Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections FY 1998 Annual Report. 122 Time Served by South Carolina Inmates Released During FY 1998 5+ 8.7% 3+ to 5 9.5% Years Served 2+ to 3 11.9% 1+ to 2 22.7% .5+ to 1 24.0% .5 or less 23.1% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Percent of Releases 123 The average sentence of South Carolina's inmates was 12.75 years in FY 97-98. Although this represents no change over the previous year, it reflects a 27.5% increase since FY 77-78. INMATES BY SENTENCE LENGTH Fiscal Year 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Average Sentence Length (Years) 10.00 10.00 11.92 12.08 11.92 11.67 12.58 12.75 11.92 11.92 12.00 11.67 11.92 11.92 12.08 12.50 12.75 13.17 12.75 12.75 12.75 Note: This end of fiscal year average excludes inmates sentenced to life, death, Youthful Offender Act, or shock incarceration. Average sentence length is not available prior to FY 1978. Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports. 124 South Carolina Inmates by Sentence Length 14 12 10 Average Sentence in Years 8 6 4 2 0 80 85 Fiscal Year 90 95 125 126 COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS The Board of Paroles and Pardons consists of seven members, appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate to serve staggered, renewable, six-year terms. This board is responsible for granting paroles and pardons. The South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole and Pardon Services (SCDPPPS) is a cabinet agency, with the director reporting to, and serving at the pleasure of, the Governor. SCDPPPS is responsible for providing adult community supervision throughout the state. This includes the supervision of those offenders sentenced to probation by the court, paroled by the board or placed on early release programs. SCDPPPS also works closely with the Board of Paroles and Pardons to provide information required for its consideration in granting paroles and pardons. Note: From 1941 through Fiscal Year 81-82, SCDPPPS was known as the South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole and Pardons. From Fiscal Year 82-83 through Fiscal Year 84-85, the agency was known as the South Carolina Department of Parole and Community Corrections. The current name has been in use since FY 85-86. In the interest of both brevity and thoroughness, source notes referring to materials taken from annual reports for those years will reference only SCDPPPS for the corresponding years. Full reference, with appropriate citation for all years, can be found under Sources. 127 There were 96 offenders under community supervision per 10,000 population in South Carolina in FY 97-98. Greenwood County had the highest rate with 147 offenders under supervision per 10,000 population. COUNTIES BY COMMUNITY SUPERVISION OFFENDER RATES: THE TOP TEN IN FY 97-98 County Greenwood Cherokee Jasper Abbeville Laurens Fairfield Union Dillon Barnwell Bamberg Offenders per 10,000 147 134 134 130 130 126 125 123 122 119 Note: Rates are based on the active offender population and rounded to the nearest whole number. Sources: Unpublished material, SCDPPPS, Unpublished material, Budget and Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 128 Offenders Under Community Supervision per 10,000 Population by County, FY 97-98 Abbeville Aiken Allendale Anderson Bamberg Barnwell Beaufort Berkeley Calhoun Charleston Cherokee Chester Chesterfield Clarendon Colleton Darlington Dillon Dorchester Edgefield Fairfield Florence Georgetown Greenville 129.7 81.7 82.6 89.7 119.4 122.0 66.9 52.7 84.4 82.3 133.7 100.3 75.2 103.2 87.7 81.0 122.6 84.6 94.0 125.9 114.3 73.4 116.1 Greenwood Hampton Horry Jasper Kershaw Lancaster Laurens Lee Lexington McCormick Marion Marlboro Newberry Oconee Orangeburg Pickens Richland Saluda Spartanburg Sumter Union Williamsburg York 146.6 78.6 76.7 133.5 99.2 95.6 129.6 83.3 71.5 90.5 111.0 94.9 104.9 83.0 110.2 67.2 110.2 112.9 113.3 103.4 125.2 107.5 104.7 Note: Based on active offender population Sources: Unpublished material, SCDPPPS, Unpublished material, Budget and Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services 129 The number of offenders under community supervision in South Carolina decreased 1% in FY 97-98, the first decrease since FY 81-82. COMMUNITY SUPERVISION OFFENDER POPULATION Fiscal Year 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Number of Offenders 17,433 18,162 19,678 19,926 18,133 21,113 21,551 24,535 26,423 27,221 31,814 35,090 37,138 41,806 46,625 50,106 52,325 54,113 55,682 55,769 55,199 % Change +4.2% +8.3% +1.3% -9.0% +16.4% +2.1% +13.8% +7.7% +3.0% +16.9% +10.3% +5.8% +12.6% +11.5% +7.5% +4.4% +3.4% +2.9% +0.2% -1.0% Note: Based on jurisdictional population, which includes both reporting and nonreporting offenders. Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Reports, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 130 South Carolina Community Supervision Population 60,000 50,000 40,000 Offender Population 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 80 85 Fiscal Year 90 95 131 Traffic offenses account for more probation admissions than any other offense category. However, the percentage of probationers sentenced for drug offenses increased from 13.6% in FY 77-78 to 23% in FY 97-98. OFFENSE DISTRIBUTION FOR PROBATION ADMISSIONS FY 78 Offense Number 3,207 1,249 902 1,357 665 441 352 344 252 159 206 53 9,187 Pct. 34.9% 13.6% 9.8% 14.8% 7.2% 4.8% 3.8% 3.7% 2.7% 1.7% 2.2% .6% 100.0% Number 3,574 3,497 2,004 1,026 1,022 992 873 801 561 412 275 189 15,226 FY 98 Pct. 23.5% 23.0% 13.2% 6.7% 6.7% 6.5% 5.7% 5.3% 3.7% 2.7% 1.8% 1.2% 100.0% Traffic Drugs Other Larceny Burglary/HB Assault Fraud. Activity Forgery/Counterfeit Weapons Obstruct Police Stolen Vehicle Robbery Yearly Total Sources: SCDPPPS FY 78 Annual Reports, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 132 South Carolina Probation Admissions by Offense FY 98 Robbery Stolen Vehicle Obstruct Police Weapons Forgery/Counterfeit Fraud Assault Burglary Larceny Other Drugs Traffic 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 0.6% 1.2% 2.2% 1.8% 1.7% 2.7% 2.7% 3.7% 3.7% 5.3% 3.8% 5.7% 4.8% 6.5% 7.2% 6.7% 6.7% 9.8% 14.8% FY 78 13.2% 13.6% 23.0% 23.5% 25% 30% 34.9% 35% Percent of Admissions 133 The probation revocation rate for South Carolina during FY 97-98 was 10.1%. PROBATION REVOCATION RATES Fiscal Year 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Technical Offenses N/A 2.4% 2.7% 3.3% 3.8% 3.6% 3.6% 4.2% 4.4% 4.4% 3.8% 4.1% 5.3% 6.3% 7.2% 8.6% New Offenses N/A 1.6% 1.3% 1.6% 1.4% 1.0% 1.0% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.5% 1.4% 1.5% Total Rate 3.9% 4.0% 4.0% 4.9% 5.2% 4.6% 4.6% 5.1% 5.3% 5.2% 5.5% 5.8% 7.0% 7.8% 8.6% 10.1% Note: A breakdown of revocation rates for FY 83 is not available. Technical revocations refer to violations of the terms of supervision but not criminal offenses. Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Reports, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 134 South Carolina Probation Revocation Rate Technical Revocations 12% New Offenses Total Revocation Rate 10% 8% Percent Revoked 6% 4% 2% 0% 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 135 In FY 97-98, 52% of probation admissions were 30 years of age or older. In FY 84-85, 41.7% of probation admissions were 30 years of age or older. PROBATION ADMISSIONS BY AGE FY 85 Age Group Under 17 17-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50+ Yearly Total Number 0 856 2,142 1,841 1,301 812 539 302 499 8,292 Pct. 0% 10.3% 25.8% 22.2% 15.7% 9.8% 6.5% 3.7% 6.0% 100.0% Number 48 1,877 2,802 2,575 2,466 2,207 1,516 842 834 13,011 FY 98 Pct. .3% 12.4% 18.5% 17.0% 16.3% 14.6% 10.0% 5.6% 5.5% 100.0% Note: 59 cases were missing age data. Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Report, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 136 South Carolina Probation Admissions by Age FY 98 FY 78 50% 48.0% 40% 35.5% Percent of Admissions 30.8% 30% 25.5% 20% 15.5% 12.7% 10.3% 10% 5.5% 6.0% 10.2% 0% 19 & Younger 20 - 29 30 - 39 Age Categories 40 - 49 50 & Older 137 South Carolina's parole approval rate in FY 97-98 was 15.7%, the lowest approval rate since FY 74-75. The highest approval rate during that time period was 68.7% in FY 7677. PAROLE HEARINGS SUMMARY Fiscal Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Hearings 1,317 1,448 1,400 1,895 1,780 2,220 2,908 2,604 3,516 3,479 4,115 3,255 3,573 3,065 3,292 4,064 4,091 4,686 4,563 5,227 5,435 5,791 5,969 7,106 Approvals 762 845 962 1,234 1,172 1,387 1,498 1,224 1,359 1,269 1,349 894 1,031 1,289 1,070 1,317 1,319 1,906 1,785 1,813 1,527 1,469 1,472 1,113 Rate 57.9% 58.4% 68.7% 65.1% 65.8% 62.5% 51.5% 47.0% 38.7% 36.5% 32.8% 27.5% 28.9% 42.1% 32.5% 32.4% 32.2% 40.7% 39.1% 34.7% 28.1% 25.4% 24.7% 15.7% Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Report, Unpublished material SCDPPPS. 138 South Carolina Parole Approval Rate 70% 60% 50% Approved for Parole 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 75 80 85 Fiscal Year 90 95 139 In FY 97-98, 48.9% of the inmates paroled in South Carolina had been incarcerated for drug law violations, compared to 11.7% of inmates paroled in FY 77-78. OFFENSE DISTRIBUTION FOR PAROLE ADMISSIONS FY 78 Offense Drug Offenses Other Burglary/HB Larceny Robbery Forgery /Counterfeit Assault Homicide Yearly Total Number 144 195 193 176 213 46 112 155 1,234 Pct. 11.7% 15.8% 15.6% 14.3% 17.3% 3.7% 9.1% 12.5% 100.0% Number 642 226 165 84 70 60 46 20 1,454 FY 98 Pct. 48.9% 17.2% 12.6% 6.4% 5.3% 4.6% 3.5% 1.5% 100.0% Note: Parole admissions exceed parole approvals due to admissions from shock incarceration and early release programs, which do not require a board appearance. Sources: SCDPPPS FY 1978 Annual Report, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 140 South Carolina Parole Admissions by Offense FY 98 12.6% 1.5% FY 78 Homicide Assault 9.1% 3.5% Forgery/Counterfeit 3.7% 4.6% Robbery 17.3% 5.3% Larceny 14.3% 6.4% Burglary 15.6% 12.6% 15.8% 17.2% Other Drugs 11.7% 48.9% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Percent of Admissions 141 The parole revocation rate in South Carolina for FY 97-98 was 10.1%. Revocations for technical offenses accounted for 83% of all parole revocations. PAROLE REVOCATION RATES Fiscal Year 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Technical Offenses N/A 3.6% 4.7% 4.0% 4.3% 5.1% 4.3% 6.2% 5.6% 5.4% 6.1% 7.1% 7.4% 7.5% 8.3% 8.4% New Offenses N/A 4.8% 4.3% 3.7% 2.8% 3.0% 3.1% 2.3% 2.3% 1.6% 2.5% 3.0% 3.0% 1.8% 1.6% 1.7% Total Rate 8.4% 8.4% 9.0% 7.7% 7.1% 8.1% 7.4% 8.5% 7.9% 7.0% 8.6% 10.1% 10.4% 9.3% 9.9% 10.1% Note: A breakdown of revocation rates for FY 83 is not available. Technical revocations refer to violations of the terms of supervision but not criminal offenses. Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Reports, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 142 South Carolina Parole Revocations Technical Violations 12% New Offenses Total Revocations 10% 8% Percent Revoked 6% 4% 2% 0% 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 143 In FY 84-85, 46.5% of parole admissions were 30 years of age or older. In FY 97-98, 64.2% of parole admissions were 30 years of age or older. PAROLE ADMISSIONS BY AGE FY 85 Age Group Under 17 17-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50+ Yearly Total Number 0 14 269 387 279 151 70 31 52 1,253 Pct. 0% 1.1% 21.5% 30.9% 22.2% 12.1% 5.6% 2.5% 4.1% 100.0% Number 0 32 169 267 284 230 174 88 58 1,302 FY 98 Pct. 0.0% 2.5% 13.0% 20.5% 21.8% 17.7% 13.4% 6.8% 4.5% 100.0% Note: Age data is not available for 11 parole admissions in 1998. Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Report, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 144 South Carolina Parole Admissions by Age FY 98 60% FY 85 52.4% 50% 40% Percent of Admissions 33.5% 30% 39.5% 34.3% 20.1% 20% 10% 8.1% 4.5% 4.2% 2.5% 1.1% 20 - 29 30 - 39 Age Categories 40 -49 50 & Older 0% 19 & Younger 145 146 JUVENILE ARREST RATES Besides being a gauge of law enforcement's response to crime, arrest rates provide reliable data concerning the age, sex and race of apprehended offenders. Consequently, arrest rates by age provide the best available measure of juvenile delinquency. Uniform Crime Reporting procedures require that an arrest be counted on each separate occasion a person is taken into custody, notified, or cited. As a result, annual arrest figures do not measure the number of individual juveniles arrested, since one juvenile might be arrested several times during a year (Crime in the United States, FBI). In keeping with state law which sets the age of adult responsibility in criminal matters at seventeen years old, arrest rates were calculated on the basis of the estimated juvenile (age 0 through 16) population for each year in question. 147 South Carolina's 1998 index crime arrest rate for juveniles was 81.99 per 10,000 juveniles, representing a 5.3% decrease from 1997, but a 48.1% increase over 1976. INDEX CRIME: Index crime consists of murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, breaking or entering, larceny and motor vehicle theft. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR INDEX CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 8,070 7,426 -8.0% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 86.61 81.99 -5.3% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 4,999 7,426 +48.5% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 55.37 81.99 +48.1% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished material, FBI; Unpublished material, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 148 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Index I Crime 100 90 80 70 Rate per 10,000 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 149 South Carolina's juvenile arrest rate for violent crimes decreased 1.3% from 1997 to 1998. The juvenile arrest rate for violent crimes has increased 214.5% since 1976. VIOLENT CRIME: Violent crime consists of murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault, and involves the element of personal confrontation between the victim and offender. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR VIOLENT CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 1,247 1,197 -4.0% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 13.38 13.21 -1.3% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 379 1,197 +2.2% Rate Per 10,000 Juve niles 4.20 13.21 +214.5% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished material, FBI; Unpublished material, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 150 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Violent Crime 16 14 12 10 Rate per 10,000 8 6 4 2 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 151 South Carolina's juvenile arrest rate for murder dropped from .36 per 10,000 to .20 per 10,000 from 1997 to 1998. MURDER: Murder is the willful killing of one person by another. The classification of this offense is based on police investigation as opposed to the determination of a court, medical examiner, coroner, jury or other judicial body. Deaths caused by negligence, suicide, accident or justifiable homicides are not included. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR MURDER ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 34 18 -47.1% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles .36 .20 -44.4% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 10 18 +80.0% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles .11 .20 +81.8% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished material, FBI; Unpublished material, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 152 South Carolina Juvenile Murder Arrest Rate 0.40 0.30 Rate per 10,000 0.20 0.10 0.00 76 80 85 Year 90 95 153 South Carolina's juvenile arrest rate for rape increased 20.5%. Since 1976, the juvenile arrest rate for rape has increased 114.6% RAPE: Forcible rape is the carnal knowledge of a person, forcibly and against their will. Assaults or attempts to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included; however statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses are excluded. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR RAPE ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 68 80 +17.6% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles .73 .88 +20.5% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 37 80 +116.2% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles .41 .88 +114.6% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished material, FBI; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 154 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Rape 1.4 1.2 1.0 Rate per 10,000 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 155 South Carolina's juvenile arrest rate for robbery decreased 21.3% from 1997 to 1998. Since 1976, the juvenile arrest rate for robbery has increased 117.6%. ROBBERY: Robbery is the taking or attempted taking of anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or the threat of force, by violence, or by putting the victim in fear. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR ROBBERY ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 263 201 -23.6% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 2.82 2.22 -21.3% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 92 201 +118.5% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 1.02 2.22 +117.6% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished material, FBI; Unpublished material, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 156 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Robbery 4 3 Rate per 10,000 2 1 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 157 South Carolina's arrest rate of juveniles for aggravated assault increased 4.5% from 1997 to 1998, but has increased 272.2% since 1976. AGGRAVATED ASSAULT: Aggravated assault is an unlawful attack for the purpose of inflicting serious bodily injury. This assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. Attempted aggravated assaults are also included. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR AGGRAVATED ASSAULT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 882 897 -1.7% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 9.47 9.90 +4.5% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1997 % Change Number of Arrests 240 897 +273.8% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 2.66 9.90 +272.2% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished material, FBI; Unpublished material, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 158 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Aggravated Assault 12 10 8 Rate per 10,000 6 4 2 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 159 South Carolina's juvenile arrest rate for property index offenses represents a 6.1% decrease from 1997 to 1998, and a 34.4% increase since 1976. PROPERTY CRIME: Property index crimes include the offenses of breaking or entering, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR PROPERTY CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 6,823 6,229 -8.7% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 73.22 68.78 -6.1% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 4,620 6,229 +34.8% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 51.17 68.78 +34.4% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished material, FBI; Unpublished material, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 160 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Property Crime 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 161 South Carolina's breaking or entering arrest rate for juveniles decreased 9.5% from 1997 to 1998. The breaking or entering rate has decreased 2% since 1976. BREAKING OR ENTERING: Breaking or entering is the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. The use of force to gain entry is not required to classify an offense as breaking or entering. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR BREAKING OR ENTERING ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 1,724 1,516 -12.1% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 18.50 16.74 -9.5% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 1,543 1,516 -1.7% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 17.09 16.74 -2.0% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished material, FBI; Unpublished material, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 162 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Breaking or Entering 25 20 Rate per 10,000 15 10 5 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 163 South Carolina's larceny arrest rate for juveniles dropped 4.6% from 1997 to 1998. LARCENY: Larceny is the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. It includes crimes such as shoplifting, pocket-picking, purse snatching, thefts from motor vehicles, thefts of motor vehicle parts, and accessories in which no use of force, violence or fraud occurs. This crime category does not include embezzlement, con games, forgery, worthless checks, or motor vehicle theft. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR LARCENY ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 4,744 4,399 -7.3% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 50.91 48.57 -4.6% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1997 % Change Number of Arrests 2,807 4,399 +56.7% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 31.09 48.57 +56.2% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished material, FBI; Unpublished material, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services 164 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Larceny 60 50 40 Rate per 10,000 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 165 South Carolina's motor vehicle theft arrest rate for juveniles dropped 8.9% from 1997 to 1998. MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT: Motor vehicle theft is the stealing or attempted stealing of a motor vehicle, including automobiles, trucks, buses, motorcycles, motor-scooters, snowmobiles, etc. This definition excludes the unauthorized taking of motor vehicles for temporary use by those having lawful access. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1997 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 355 314 -11.5% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 3.81 3.47 -8.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 1998 % Change Number of Arrests 270 314 +16.3% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 2.99 3.47 +16.1% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished material, FBI; Unpublished material, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services 166 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Motor Vehicle Theft 7 6 5 Rate per 10,000 4 3 2 1 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 167 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Count Year Murder 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 10 13 7 14 11 8 2 5 4 9 5 11 6 11 6 24 23 32 32 24 14 34 18 Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 37 35 38 62 34 39 47 45 49 45 52 70 61 60 60 99 109 106 105 69 69 68 80 92 80 92 91 66 90 80 99 84 61 95 92 82 82 106 179 164 223 324 263 257 253 201 240 189 150 157 178 170 136 128 147 170 225 25 269 322 380 542 760 762 915 856 907 882 897 B&E Larceny 1,543 1,369 1,453 1,423 1,623 1,690 1,319 1,208 1,140 1,337 1,421 1,528 1,443 1,460 1,416 1,815 1,774 1,917 1,670 1,670 1,739 1,724 1,516 2,807 2,331 2,354 2,447 2,638 2,808 2,673 2,800 2,942 3,140 3,114 3,166 3,282 3,546 3,574 3,826 4,111 4,649 4,673 4,673 4,972 4,744 4,399 MVT 270 201 228 278 249 217 158 187 235 320 304 410 456 563 493 606 524 581 433 433 422 355 314 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 168 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rates Year Murder 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 .11 .15 .08 .16 .12 .09 .02 .06 .05 .10 .06 .13 .07 .13 .07 .27 .26 .36 .36 .27 .16 .38 .20 Agg. Rape Robbery Assault .41 .39 .43 .70 .38 .44 .54 .52 .57 .52 .61 .81 .71 .69 .68 1.12 1.23 1.19 1.18 .77 .77 .75 .88 1.02 .89 1.03 1.03 .75 1.03 .92 1.15 .98 .71 1.11 1.07 .95 .94 1.21 2.03 1.85 2.51 3.63 2.95 2.87 2.92 2.22 2.66 2.11 1.77 1.77 2.01 1.94 1.56 1.48 1.71 1.98 2.62 2.95 3.11 3.69 4.33 6.13 8.57 8.57 10.25 9.61 10.13 9.79 9.90 B&E Larceny 17.09 15.28 16.06 16.06 18.33 19.27 16.01 15.26 14.02 13.28 15.60 16.52 17.68 16.53 16.65 16.02 20.47 19.96 21.48 18.74 19.42 19.13 16.74 31.09 26.02 26.40 27.62 29.80 32.01 33.83 30.92 32.51 34.27 36.63 36.21 36.64 37.60 40.45 40.43 43.15 46.26 52.08 52.45 55.53 52.64 48.57 MVT 2.99 2.24 2.56 3.14 2.81 2.47 1.92 1.83 2.17 2.74 3.73 3.53 4.74 5.22 6.42 5.58 6.84 5.90 6.51 4.86 4.71 3.94 3.47 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 169 170 CRIME IN SCHOOLS Concern over the safety of children in school led to the Safe Schools Act of 1990, which requires the collection and reporting of school crime incidents. School crime incidents include offenses committed on public school campuses, during travel to and from schools on public school buses, and during school functions. In the case of incidents involving more than one crime, the incident is categorized according to the most serious of the offenses. The South Carolina Department of Education collects information concerning school crime incidents and reports annually. The data presented in this section represent incidents from June 1997 through May 1998. 171 The leading offense category of school crimes in South Carolina public schools during the 97-98 school year was crimes of disruption. Property crimes ranked second, followed by crimes against the person. SCHOOL CRIMES BY OFFENSE CATEGORY Offense Disruption Property Personal Total Number 5,991 1,732 1,272 8,995 Percentage 66.6% 19.3% 14.1% 100.0% Source: School Crime Incidents in South Carolina Public Schools June 1997 through May 1998, South Carolina Department of Education. 172 South Carolina School Crime by Offense Category, School Year 97-98 70% 66.6% 60% 50% Percent of Offenses 40% 30% 20% 19.3% 14.1% 10% 0% Disruption Property Personal 173 Aggravated assaults accounted for 46.9% of crimes against persons in South Carolina's public schools during the 97-98 school year. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS BY OFFENSE Offense Number Percentage 46.9% 42.4% 7.2% 3.5% 0.2% 0.0% 100.0% Aggravated Assault 596 Threatening School Official 539 Non-Forcible Sex Offense 91 Forcible Sex Offense 44 Kidnapping 2 Homicide 0 Total 1,272 Source: School Crime Incident Report for South Carolina Public Schools June 1997 through May 1998, South Carolina Department of Education. 174 Crimes Against Persons in South Carolina Schools, School Year 97-98 Kidnapping 0.2% Forcible Sex Offense 3.5% Non-forcible Sex Offense 7.2% Threaten Officials 42.4% Aggravated Assault 46.9% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Percent of Offenses 175 Larceny was the most commonly reported crime against property, accounting for 37.8% within South Carolina's public schools during the 97-98 school year. CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY BY OFFENSE Offense Larceny/Theft Vandalism Burglary Arson Motor Vehicle Theft Other Total Number 655 618 363 32 30 34 1,732 Percentage 37.8% 35.7% 20.1% 1.8% 1.7% 2.0% 100.0% Source: School Crime Incident Report for South Carolina Public Schools June 1997 through May 1998, South Carolina Department of Education. 176 Crimes Against Property in South Carolina Schools, School Year 97-98 MVT 1.7% Arson 1.8% Other 2.0% B&E 21.0% Vandalism 35.7% Larceny 37.8% 0% 10% 20% Percent of Offenses 30% 40% 177 Crimes of disruption involve willfully or unnecessarily interfering with the students or school officials or in any way disturbing school order. Disturbing schools was the most common crime of disruption during the 97-98 school year. CRIMES OF DISRUPTION BY OFFENSE Offense Disturbing Schools Possession of Pager Weapons Drug Offenses Liquor Law Violation Other Total Number 2,690 1,103 970 940 265 23 5,991 Percentage 44.9% 18.4% 16.2% 15.7% 4.4% 0.4% 100.0% Note: By state statute pagers and electronic communication devices are not allowed in schools. Source: School Crime Incident Report for South Carolina Public Schools June 1997 through May 1998, South Carolina Department of Education. 178 Crimes of Disruption in South Carolina Schools, School Year 1997-98 Other 0.4% Liquor 4.4% Drugs 15.7% Weapons 16.2% Pagers 18.4% Disturbing Schools 44.9% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Percent of Offenses 179 Knives and other sharp objects were the weapons most commonly involved in school crime incidents during the 97-98 school year. It is important to note that involvement does not necessarily mean the weapon was used to harm someone. WEAPONS REPORTED IN SCHOOL CRIMES Weapon Knives, sharp objects Other weapons Blunt objects Handguns Other firearms Total Number 886 112 93 80 16 1,187 Percentage 74.6% 9.4% 7.8% 6.8% 1.4% 100.0% Note: This table does not include hands and feet as a weapon category. Source: School Crime Incident Report for South Carolina Public Schools June 1997 through May 1998, South Carolina Department of Education. 180 Weapon Involvement in South Carolina Schools, School Year 97-98 900 886 800 700 600 Number of Weapons 500 400 300 200 112 100 93 80 16 0 Knives Other Blunt objects Handguns Other Firearms 181 182 RESPONSES TO JUVENILE CRIME The South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) serves as the state's designated juvenile justice agency. The Family Court is the arm of the state's judicial system that disposes of most juvenile cases. DJJ supports the Family Court system by providing intake services, diversion programs, and probation and aftercare supervision. DJJ also operates the Reception and Evaluation (R&E) Center and three correctional facilities: Willow Lane, John G. Richards, and Birchwood. The Reception and Evaluation Center temporarily holds juveniles committed by the Family Court between the adjudicatory and dispositional hearings for comprehensive diagnostic testing and treatment recommendations. Juveniles may be held up to 45 days at the R&E Center. DJJ operates or contracts a number of programs designed to serve as noninstitutional alternatives which include marine institutes, family preservation services, and group homes. 183 Property offenses accounted for 20.1% of all referrals to DJJ. Among other criminal offenses, contempt of court and simple assault and battery were the most commonly occurring offenses. DJJ REFFERALS BY OFFENSE CATEGORY FY 97-98 Offense Number Percentage 31.1% 21.5% 18.4% 16.5% 6.2% 1.8% 4.7% 100.0% Other Criminal Offenses 8,725 Property Offenses 6,035 Public Order 5,166 Status Offenses 4,635 Offenses against Person 1,729 Administrative Probation/ Parole Violations 494 Pick up Orders 1,323 Total 28,107 Source: South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report FY 1998-99. 184 South Carolina Juvenile Referrals by Offense Administrative Probation/Parole Violations 1.8% Pick-up Orders 4.7% Offenses against Persons 6.2% Status Offenses 16.5% Offenses against Public Order 18.4% Property Offenses 21.5% Other Criminal Offenses 31.0% 0% 10% 20% Percent of Referrals 30% 40% 185 South Carolina's rate of delinquency processing in FY 97-98 was 72 per 1,000 children from 10 to 16 years old. Allendale County had the highest delinquency rate with 143 per 1,000. COUNTIES BY DELINQUENCY REFERRAL RATES: THE TEN HIGHEST FY 97-98 County Allendale Marlboro Lancaster Marion Bamberg Greenwood Union Cherokee York Florence Rate per 1,000 143 132 126 125 119 119 113 116 106 97 Source: South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report FY 1998-99. 186 Juvenile Delinquency Processing Rate per 1,000 by County, FY 97-98 Abbeville Aiken Allendale Anderson Bamberg Barnwell Beaufort Berkeley Calhoun Charleston Cherokee Chester Chesterfield Clarendon Colleton Darlington Dillon Dorchester Edgefield Fairfield Florence Georgetown Greenville 53 60 143 89 119 74 44 62 46 97 116 66 65 51 59 75 68 50 53 72 97 65 55 Greenwood Hampton Horry Jasper Kershaw Lancaster Laurens Lee Lexington McCormick Marion Marlboro Newberry Oconee Orangeburg Pickens Richland Saluda Spartanburg Sumter Union Williamsburg York 119 28 85 109 70 126 72 88 71 71 125 132 67 42 86 60 34 73 75 45 113 42 106 Source: South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report FY 1998-99. 187 A total of 28,057 juvenile cases were referred to South Carolina solicitors in FY 97-98, representing a 1.3% increase over FY 97-98. REFERRALS TO THE SOLICITOR Fiscal Year 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Cases Referred 10,948 11,127 12,507 16,436 16,382 17,856 18,821 19,435 21,608 22,883 22,505 24,767 26,246 26,276 27,690 28,057 % Change +16.4% +12.4% +31.4% -.3% +9.0% +5.4% +3.3% +11.2% +5.9% -1.7% +10.1% +6.0% +.1% +5.4% +1.3% Sources: South Carolina Department of Youth Services Annual Statistical Reports, South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Reports. 188 Juvenile Cases Referred to South Carolina Solicitors 30,000 25,000 20,000 Juvenile Cases 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 189 Probation was the most common disposition in South Carolina's family courts during FY 9798, 61% of juvenile cases resulted in probation supervision. JUDICIAL DISPOSITIONS IN FAMILY COURT FY 97-98 Disposition Probation School Order DJJ Commitment Other Dismissed Percentage 61% 13% 12% 8% 6% Source: South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report FY 1998-99. 190 Judicial Dispositions in South Carolina Family Court, FY 98 Dismissed 6% Other 8% DJJ Commitment 12% School Order 13% Probation 64% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Percent of Dispositions 191 The number of admissions to South Carolina's Reception and Evaluation Center increased 8.5% from FY 96-97 to FY 97-98. RECEPTION & EVALUATION CENTER ADMISSIONS Fiscal Year 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Admissions 1,725 1,460 1,439 1,709 1,466 1,573 1,733 1,633 1,677 1,422 1,810 1,966 1,918 1,974 2,103 2,093 2,126 2,343 2,380 2,582 % Change -15.4% +1.4% +18.8% -14.2% +7.3% +10.2% -5.8% +2.7% -15.2% +27.3% +8.6% -2.4% +2.9% +6.5% -.5% +1.6% +10.2% +1.6% +8.5% Sources: South Carolina Department of Youth Services Annual Reports, South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Reports. 192 Admissions to South Carolina's Juvenile Reception & Evaluation Center 3,000 2,500 2,000 Number of Admissions 1,500 1,000 500 0 80 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 193 In FY 97-98 there were 1,999 admissions to DJJ correctional facilities, representing a 14.8% increase over FY 96-97. INSTITUTIONAL ADMISSIONS Fiscal Year 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Admissions 853 825 876 743 776 709 730 799 866 697 847 888 1,006 997 1,022 994 1,071 1,116 1,741 1,999 % Change -3.3% +6.2% -15.2% +4.4% -8.6% +3.0% +9.5% -8.4% -19.5% +21.5% +4.8% +13.3% -.9% +2.5% -2.7% +7.7% +4.2% +56.0% +14.8% Sources: South Carolina Department of Youth Services Annual Statistical Reports, South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Reports. 194 Admissions to DJJ Institutions 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 Admissions to Institutions 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 80 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 195 196 CRIMINAL JUSTICE FISCAL DATA This section examines three levels of government involved in direct expenditures related to the administration of justice in South Carolina: state, county and municipal. Additionally, federal criminal justice agencies operate in South Carolina, and provide federal funding to state and local units of government for fighting crime and administering justice. It is important to note that a variety of agencies have as part of their mission, criminal justice related functions, and that parts of the mission of some criminal justice agencies might be considered to be outside the realm of criminal justice. This publication does not attempt to capture and define all expenditures related to every criminal justice related function, but does attempt to provide a broad overview of criminal justice spending by presenting financial data relating to those agencies that are primarily involved in administering justice and enforcing the law. 197 The South Carolina Department of Corrections had the largest appropriation among the state's criminal justice agencies for FY 99-2000. STATE CRIMINAL JUSTICE APPROPRIATIONS FY 99-2000 Agency Appropriations Corrections 363 Public Safety 167 Juvenile Justice 95 Probation, Parole & Pardon Services 43 SLED 41 Judicial Dept. 40 Natural Resources 16 Note: Appropriations represent millions of dollars, rounded to the nearest million. Department of Natural Resources only includes appropriations for law enforcement. Source: 1999 Appropriations Act. 198 State Criminal Justice Agency Appropriations FY 2000 Natural Resources 16 Judicial Dept. 40 SLED 41 SCDPPPS 43 Juvenile Justice 95 Public Safety 167 Corrections 363 0 100 200 Millions of Dollars 300 400 199 Appropriations for state criminal justice agencies increased 1.7% from FY 98-99 to FY 99-2000. STATE CRIMINAL JUSTICE APPROPRIATIONS Fiscal Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Appropriation $485,606,282 $530,433,777 $567,018,397 $665,272,951 $707,261,493 $753,113,257 $766,033,859 Prior Year +9.2% +6.9% +17.3% +6.3% +6.5% +1.7% Note: This includes appropriations for the Department of Corrections, the Department of Public Safety, the Department of Juvenile Justice, the Department of Probation, Parole & Pardon Services, SLED, the Judicial Department and the law enforcement appropriations for the Department of Natural Resources. Sources: Appropriations Acts, 1993 through 1999. 200 State Criminal Justice Agency Appropriations 800 700 600 Millions of Dollars 500 400 300 200 100 0 95 Fiscal Year 00 201 The Department of Corrections has the largest authorized work force among the state's major criminal justice agencies for FY 99-2000, with 7,514 full time equivalent positions. STATE CRIMINAL JUSTICE EMPLOYMENT FY 99-2000 Agency Corrections Public Safety Juvenile Justice Probation, Parole & Pardon Services SLED Judicial Dept. Natural Resources Positions 7,514 2,901 1,713 990 613 553 294 Note: FTE's are rounded to the nearest whole number. Department of Natural Resources FTE's include only law enforcement positions. Source: 1999 Appropriations Act. 202 Appropriated Positions for State Criminal Justice Agencies, FY 2000 Natural Resources 294 Judicial Dept 553 SLED 613 SCDPPPS 990 Juvenile Justice 1,713 Public Safety 2,901 Corrections 7,514 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 FTEs 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 203 From FY 93-94 to FY 99-2000, the number of full time equivalent positions for state criminal justice agencies has increased 29.5%. In the past year the number of FTEs has increased 1.3%. STATE CRIMINAL JUSTICE EMPLOYMENT Fiscal Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Positions 11,253 11,832 12,343 13,739 14,137 14,391 14,578 Prior Year +5.1% +3.5% +11.3% +2.9% +1.8% +1.3% Note: This includes appropriations for the Department of Corrections, the Department of Public Safety, the Department of Juvenile Justice, the Department of Probation, Parole & Pardon Services, SLED the Judicial Department, and law enforcement FTE's for the Department of Natural Resources. Sources: Appropriations Acts, 1993 through 1999. 204 Appropriated Positions for State Criminal Justice Agencies 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 95 Fiscal Year 00 205 SOURCES Publications: Act No. 164 (1993) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 531. Act No. 497 (1994) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 5129. Act No. 145 (1995) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 900. Act No. 458 (1996) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 2874. Act No. 155 (1997) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 1000. Act No. 419 (1998) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 2507. Act No. 100(1999) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 536. Crime in South Carolina, 1979 through 1998, State Law Enforcement Division. Crime in the United States (Uniform Crime Reports), 1979 through 1998. United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigations. Prisoners in 1998, Bureau of Justice Statistics. School Crime Incidents in South Carolina Public Schools June 1997 through May 1998, South Carolina Department of Education. South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Report, Fiscal Years 1975 through 1998. South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report, Fiscal Years 1993 through 1998. South Carolina Department of Parole and Community Corrections Annual Report, Fiscal Years 1983 through 1985. 206 South Carolina Department of Probation, Paroles and Pardons Annual Report, Fiscal Years 1979 through 1982. South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services Annual Report, Fiscal Years 1986 through 1994. South Carolina Department of Youth Services Annual Statistical Report, Fiscal Years 1982 through 1992. South Carolina Judicial Department Annual Report, 1979 through 1998. Unpublished materials provided by: South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. South Carolina Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole & Pardon Services. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 207 Printing and distribution paid for with funds provided by the Bureau of Justice Statistics Grant No. 97-BJ-CXK001. Any views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Bureau of Justice Statistics. 1,500 copies x $2.88 per copy = $4,315 total printing costs 208