South Carolina Criminal and Juvenile Justice Trends, 2001 (PDF)

SOUTH CAROLINA CRIMINAL AND JUVENILE JUSTICE TRENDS 2001 SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS South Carolina Criminal and Juvenile Justice Trends 2001 Prepared by: South Carolina Department of Public Safety Office of Justice Programs Statistical Analysis Center Editor: Rob McManus This publication was partially funded with $4,500 from Federal Grant Number 2001-BJ-CX-K007 from the United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Points of view or opinions stated are those of the principal researcher and do not necessarily represent the opinion or official position of the United States Department of Justice. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PART I - CRIMINAL JUSTICE OFFENSES ................................................. 3 ARRESTS ................................................. 57 JUDICIARY ............................................. 85 JAILS .......................................................101 CORRECTIONS..................................... 111 COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS........... 127 PART II - JUVENILE JUSTICE ARRESTS ................................................147 CRIME IN SCHOOLS ........................... 171 RESPONSES .......................................... 183 PART III - CRIMINAL JUSTICE FISCAL DATA SOURCES...............................................210 INTRODUCTION South Carolina Criminal and Juvenile Justice Trends, 2001 is designed to provide basic information about criminal and juvenile justice in South Carolina. This publication also provides simple statistical information about crime rates, arrests, conviction rates, inmates, probationers and parolees. It addresses issues frequently raised about crime and seeks to clarify misconceptions about the state's criminal justice system. Most trend information in this booklet is based on data for calendar years 1975 - 2000 or the fiscal years ending in 1975 - 2000. Fiscal years are referred to by the abbreviation FY followed by the last two digits of the year in which the fiscal year ended. School years are referred to by the abbreviation SY followed by the last two digits of the year in which the school year ended. Other time frames are specifically noted. The sum of total percent columns may not equal 100 due to rounding. Copies of this report or information regarding this publication can be obtained by writing, calling or sending electronic mail requests to the following: South Carolina Department of Public Safety Office of Justice Programs Statistical Analysis Center 5400 Broad River Rd. Columbia, South Carolina 29212-3540 (803) 896-8717 McManus_RobertF@scdps.state.sc.us Alternatively, this report can be accessed http://www.scdps.org/ojp/statistical_analysis.html at: OFFENSES CRIME INDEX: The crime index is a basic measure of crime. The offenses defined as index crimes were chosen because of their serious nature, the frequency of their occurrence, and the level of public interest. The offenses of murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault are defined as violent crimes. Breaking or entering, larceny, and motor vehicle theft are defined as property crimes. The crime index is the total of these offenses reported by law enforcement agencies to the State Law Enforcement Division (SLED). CRIME RATE: The crime rate shows the number of index crimes per 10,000 units of population. The crime rate is a measure of criminal activity that allows valid comparisons over time and among areas of differing population sizes. The formula for calculating crime rates follows below: Crime Rate = Number of Crimes x 10,000 Total Population Formula for calculating percent change: Percent change over previous year = X2-X1 X1 Where: X1= Number, rate of crimes, arrests in previous year. Where: X2= Number, rate of crimes, arrests in present year. 3 South Carolina's crime index rate decreased 3.7% from 1999 to 2000. From 1975 to 2000, the crime index rate increased 21.1%. CRIME INDEX: The crime index consists of murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, breaking or entering, larceny and motor vehicle theft. ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 212,734 211,608 -0.5% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 547.44 527.44 -3.7% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 126,335 211,608 +67.5% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 435.64 527.44 +21.1% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 4 South Carolina Crime Index Rate 700 600 500 Rate per 10,000 400 300 200 100 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 5 South Carolina's crime index rate has exceeded the national crime index rate since 1990. STATE & NATIONAL CRIME INDEX RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 South Carolina 435.6 464.1 460.4 465.8 478.2 531.6 527.8 533.2 481.6 470.2 491.3 520.2 528.2 553.8 573.5 604.3 620.0 602.4 598.9 616.8 612.1 620.1 615.4 580.2 547.4 527.4 United States 528.2 526.6 505.5 510.9 552.1 590.0 580.0 555.3 515.9 503.1 520.6 548.0 555.0 566.4 574.4 582.0 589.8 566.0 548.3 537.4 527.6 507.9 492.3 461.6 426.7 412.4 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 6 State and National Crime Index Rate S.C. National 700 600 500 Rate per 10,000 400 300 200 100 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 7 July had the highest reported crime index in South Carolina during 2000, while February had the lowest. CRIME INDEX BY MONTH Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Total Number 15,484 14,953 17,272 17,396 19,123 18,794 19,352 18,918 18,456 18,449 16,846 16,565 211,608 Percentage 7.3% 7.1% 8.2% 8.2% 9.0% 8.9% 9.1% 8.9% 8.7% 8.7% 8.0% 7.8% 100.0% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 8 South Carolina Crime Index by Month, 2000 20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 Crime Index 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D Month 9 South Carolina's violent crime rate decreased 6.1% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1975 the violent crime rate increased 65.2%. VIOLENT CRIME: Violent crime consists of murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault, and involves the element of personal confrontation between the victim and offender. VIOLENT CRIME ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 33,919 32,897 -3.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 87.29 82.00 -6.1% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 14,372 32,897 +128.9% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 49.64 82.00 +65.2% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 10 South Carolina Violent Crime Rate 110 100 90 80 70 Rate per 10,000 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 11 South Carolina's violent crime rate has exceeded the national violent crime rate every year since 1975. STATE & NATIONAL VIOLENT CRIME RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 South Carolina 49.6 56.5 60.6 60.8 64.1 64.5 63.6 72.1 62.3 63.1 64.1 68.4 69.3 75.8 83.5 98.4 97.7 99.8 105.6 107.2 100.7 99.8 99.4 91.1 87.3 82.0 United States 48.2 46.0 46.7 48.7 53.5 58.1 57.7 55.5 52.9 53.9 55.6 61.7 61.0 63.7 66.3 73.2 75.8 75.8 74.6 71.4 68.5 63.4 61.1 56.6 52.3 50.6 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 12 State and National Violent Crime Rates S.C. 120 National 100 80 Rate per 10,000 60 40 20 0 75 85 Year 95 13 South Carolina's murder rate didn’t change from 1999 to 2000. The murder rate has decreased 49.7% since 1975. MURDER: Murder is the willful killing of one person by another. The classification of this offense is based on police investigation as opposed to the determination of a court, medical examiner, coroner, jury or other judicial body. Deaths caused by negligence, suicide, accident or justifiable homicides are not included. MURDER ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 285 291 +2.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 0.73 0.73 0.0% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 421 291 -30.9% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 1.45 0.73 -49.7% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 14 South Carolina Murder Rate 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 Rate per 10,000 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 15 South Carolina Murder Weapons 2000 1975 1.4% Hands/Feet 6.5% 14.3% Knife 12.7% 10.7% Other Weapons 13.7% 19.7% Other Firearms 17.6% 53.9% Handgun 49.5% 16 Relationship of Murder Victims to Offenders in South Carolina 2000 1979 7.4% Unknown 14.8% 26.8% Family 17.9% 15.6% Stranger 22.7% 50.3% Known to Victim 44.7% 17 The 2000 state and national murder rates represent the lowest rates reported since 1975. STATE & NATIONAL MURDER RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 South Carolina 1.45 1.11 1.12 1.11 1.19 1.11 1.04 1.09 1.00 .94 .93 .87 .95 .96 .94 1.11 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.00 .79 .94 .85 .79 .73 .73 United States .96 .88 .88 .90 .97 1.02 .98 .91 .83 .79 .79 .86 .83 .84 .87 .94 .98 .95 .93 .90 .82 .74 .68 .63 .57 .55 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 18 State and National Murder Rates S.C. 1.6 National 1.4 1.2 1.0 Rate per 10,000 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 19 South Carolina's rape rate decreased 7.2% from 1999 to 2000. From 1975 to 2000, the rape rate increased 60.5%. RAPE: Forcible rape is the carnal knowledge of a person, forcibly and against their will. Assaults or attempts to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included; however statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses are excluded. RAPE ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 1,720 1,650 -4.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 4.43 4.11 -7.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 741 1,650 +122.7% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 2.56 4.11 +60.5% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 20 South Carolina Rape Rate 7 6 5 Rate per 10,000 4 3 2 1 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 21 Relationship of Rape Victims to Offenders in South Carolina 2000 1979 2.1% Unknown 9.1% 41.5% Stranger 16.1% 9.1% Family 16.2% 47.4% Known to Victim 58.6% 22 South Carolina Rape Victims by Location 2000 1979 Commercial 6.3% 2.2% Hotels/Motels 2.4% 4.9% Woods 8.1% 4.9% Other 5.8% 7.9% Highway 21.9% 9.6% Residence 53.2% 70.5% 23 South Carolina's rape rate has exceeded the national rape rate since 1982. STATE & NATIONAL RAPE RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 South Carolina 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.5 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.8 5.4 6.0 6.3 5.5 5.7 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.7 4.4 4.1 United States 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.2 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 24 State and National Rape Rates S.C. 7 National 6 5 Rate per 10,000 4 3 2 1 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 25 South Carolina's robbery rate decreased 2.4% from 1999 to 2000. From 1975 to 2000 the robbery rate increased 42.8%. ROBBERY: Robbery is the taking or attempted taking of anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or the threat of force, by violence, or by putting the victim in fear. ROBBERY ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 6,049 6,096 +0.8% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 15.57 15.19 -2.4% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 3,087 6,096 +97.5% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 10.64 15.19 +42.8% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 26 South Carolina Robbery Rate 20 18 16 14 12 Rate per 10,000 10 8 6 4 2 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 27 Weapon Use in South Carolina Robberies 2000 1979 12.4% Knife 7.8% 9.6% Other Weapons 11.6% 40.9% Hands/Feet 30.6% 37.1% Firearms 50.0% 28 South Carolina Robberies by Location 2000 1979 7.6% Other 14.4% 13.5% Service/Conv. Store 14.8% 15.6% Residences 20.4% 29.8% Commercial 21.9% 33.5% Highways 28.5% 29 The South Carolina's robbery rate has exceeded the national rate for the last two years. STATE & NATIONAL ROBBERY RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 South Carolina 10.6 10.0 10.1 9.7 10.2 11.6 12.0 12.3 10.6 10.4 9.5 10.1 10.3 12.7 13.4 15.2 17.1 17.8 19.3 19.1 17.9 17.0 17.2 15.4 15.6 15.2 United States 21.8 19.6 18.7 19.1 21.2 24.4 25.1 23.2 21.4 20.5 20.9 22.5 21.3 22.1 23.3 25.7 27.3 26.4 25.6 23.8 22.1 20.2 18.6 16.5 15.0 14.5 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 30 State and National Robbery Rates S.C. 30 National 25 20 Rate per 10,000 15 10 5 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 31 South Carolina's aggravated assault rate decreased 6.9% from 1999 to 2000. The aggravated assault rate has increased 77.5% from 1975 to 2000. AGGRAVATED ASSAULT: Aggravated assault is an unlawful attack for the purpose of inflicting serious bodily injury. This assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. Attempted aggravated assaults are also included. AGGRAVATED ASSAULT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 25,865 24,860 -3.9% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 66.56 61.96 -6.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 10,123 24,860 +145.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 34.91 61.96 +77.5% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 32 South Carolina Aggravated Assault Rate 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 33 Weapon Use in South Carolina Aggravated Assaults 2000 1979 29.6% Firearms 21.0% 11.2% Hands/Feet 21.3% 28.4% Knives 22.0% 30.9% Other Weapons 35.7% 34 Relationship of Victims to Offenders in South Carolina Aggravated Assaults 2000 1987 6.7% Unknown 9.4% 16.7% Stranger 12.8% 22.6% Family 26.2% 54.0% Known to Victim 51.6% 35 South Carolina's aggravated assault rate has exceeded the national aggravated assault rate every year since 1975. STATE & NATIONAL AGGRAVATED ASSAULT RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 South Carolina 34.9 42.4 46.2 46.6 49.5 48.2 47.0 54.9 47.1 47.6 49.4 53.2 53.6 57.8 64.4 76.7 73.4 74.6 79.6 81.4 77.0 76.8 75.4 70.2 66.6 62.0 United States 22.7 22.9 24.2 25.6 27.9 29.1 28.1 28.1 27.3 29.0 30.3 34.6 35.1 37.0 38.3 42.4 43.3 44.2 44.0 43.0 41.8 38.8 38.2 36.1 33.6 32.4 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 36 State and National Aggravated Assault Rates S.C. National 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 37 South Carolina's property crime rate decreased 3.2% from 1999 to 2000. From 1975 to 2000, the property crime rate has increased 15.4%. PROPERTY CRIME: Property crimes include the offenses of breaking or entering, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. PROPERTY CRIME ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 178,815 178,711 -0.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 460.15 445.44 -3.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 111,963 178,711 +59.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 386.08 445.44 +15.4% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 38 South Carolina Property Crime Rate 600 500 400 Rate per 10,000 300 200 100 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 39 South Carolina's property crime rate was lower than the national property crime rate prior to 1991, but has exceeded the national rate since. STATE & NATIONAL PROPERTY CRIME RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 South Carolina 386.1 407.6 399.8 405.1 414.1 467.1 464.3 461.1 419.3 407.1 427.3 451.8 459.0 477.9 490.0 505.9 522.4 502.7 493.3 512.3 511.4 520.3 515.9 489.1 460.2 445.4 United States 480.0 480.7 458.8 462.2 498.6 531.9 522.3 499.8 463.0 449.2 465.1 486.3 494.0 502.7 508.1 508.9 514.0 490.3 473.7 465.8 459.1 444.5 431.2 404.9 374.4 361.8 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 40 State and National Property Crime Rates S.C. 600 National 500 400 Rate per 10,000 300 200 100 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 41 South Carolina's breaking or entering rate decreased 6.1% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1975, the breaking or entering rate has decreased 39%. BREAKING OR ENTERING: Breaking or entering is the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. The use of force to gain entry is not required to classify an offense as breaking or entering. BREAKING OR ENTERING ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 40,475 39,244 -3.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 104.16 97.82 -6.1% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 46,476 39,244 -15.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 160.26 97.82 -39.0% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 42 South Carolina Breaking or Entering Rates 175 150 125 Rate per 10,000 100 75 50 25 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 43 South Carolina's breaking or entering rate has exceeded the national rate every year since 1986. STATE & NATIONAL BREAKING OR ENTERING RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 South Carolina 160.3 147.1 153.7 142.6 142.2 163.2 158.4 145.9 130.8 124.2 127.3 135.7 138.5 144.9 142.1 137.7 145.9 138.8 129.9 128.6 126.5 126.4 122.2 115.4 104.2 97.8 United States 152.6 143.9 141.1 142.4 149.9 166.8 163.2 147.5 133.4 126.4 128.7 134.5 133.0 130.9 127.6 123.6 125.2 116.8 109.9 104.2 98.7 94.3 92.0 86.2 77.0 72.8 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 44 State and National Breaking or Entering Rates S.C. 180 National 160 140 120 Rate per 10,000 100 80 60 40 20 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 45 South Carolina's larceny rate decreased 2.9% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1975, the larceny rate has increased 53.5%. LARCENY: Larceny is the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. It includes crimes such as shoplifting, pocket-picking, purse snatching, thefts from motor vehicles, thefts of motor vehicle parts, and accessories in which no use of force, violence or fraud occurs. This crime category does not include embezzlement, con games, forgery, worthless checks, or motor vehicle theft. LARCENY ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 123,723 124,073 +0.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 318.38 309.25 -2.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 58,422 124,073 +112.4% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 201.46 309.25 +53.5% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 46 South Carolina Larceny Rate 400 350 300 250 Rate per 10,000 200 150 100 50 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 47 South Carolina's larceny rate has exceeded the national larceny rate since 1990. STATE & NATIONAL LARCENY RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 South Carolina 201.5 236.8 222.7 236.2 243.9 273.9 278.5 287.4 264.3 258.8 273.6 288.1 291.9 301.8 313.0 329.7 337.8 326.3 326.4 341.9 346.1 351.5 352.1 332.0 318.4 309.3 United States 280.5 292.1 273.0 274.4 298.8 315.6 312.2 307.0 286.7 279.1 290.1 301.0 308.1 313.5 317.0 319.5 322.9 310.3 303.2 302.5 304.4 297.6 288.7 272.8 255.1 247.5 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 48 State and National Larceny Rates S.C. 400 National 350 300 250 Rate per 10,000 200 150 100 50 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 49 South Carolina's motor vehicle theft rate increased 2% from 1999 to 2000, and has increased 57.5% since 1975. MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT: Motor vehicle theft is the stealing or attempted stealing of a motor vehicle, including automobiles, trucks, buses, motorcycles, motor-scooters, snowmobiles, etc. This definition excludes the unauthorized taking of motor vehicles for temporary use by those having lawful access. MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 14,617 15,394 +5.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 37.61 38.37 +2.0% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2000 % Change Number of Offenses 7,065 15,394 +117.9% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 24.36 38.37 +57.5% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 50 South Carolina Motor Vehicle Theft Rate 45 40 35 30 Rate per 10,000 25 20 15 10 5 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 51 South Carolina's motor vehicle theft rate has been lower than the national motor vehicle theft rate every year since 1975. STATE & NATIONAL MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 South Carolina 24.4 23.8 23.4 26.3 28.0 29.9 27.3 27.8 24.2 24.1 26.3 28.0 28.7 31.2 35.0 38.5 38.7 37.6 37.0 39.0 38.8 42.4 41.7 41.7 37.6 38.4 United States 46.9 44.8 44.8 45.5 49.9 49.5 46.9 45.3 42.9 43.7 46.2 50.8 52.9 58.3 63.4 65.8 65.9 63.2 60.5 59.1 56.1 52.6 50.6 45.9 42.3 41.4 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 52 State and National Motor Vehicle Rates S.C. 70 National 60 50 Rate per 10,000 40 30 20 10 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 53 South Carolina Index Crime Count Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 741 888 942 1,026 1,002 1,143 1,144 1,244 1,143 1,328 1,383 1,395 1,506 1,492 1,649 1,866 2,115 2,251 1,997 2,084 1,820 1,833 1,905 1,793 1,720 1,650 3,087 2,938 3,021 2,934 3,134 3,608 3,788 3,922 3,414 3,398 3,143 3,357 3,465 4,333 4,608 5,303 6,097 6,399 7,017 6,954 6,573 6,252 6,514 5,921 6,049 6,096 10,123 12,471 13,818 14,179 15,273 15,501 14,892 17,547 15,203 15,538 16,274 17,731 18,041 19,636 22,176 26,750 26,116 26,807 28,905 29,664 28,287 28,234 28,647 26,951 25,865 24,860 Year Murder 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 421 327 336 337 368 346 331 348 321 305 306 291 319 325 325 388 408 402 400 366 292 332 321 305 285 291 B&E Larceny 46,476 43,246 45,941 43,356 43,893 50,963 50,232 46,675 42,166 40,528 41,925 45,218 46,651 49,278 48,922 48,017 51,887 49,895 47,143 46,846 46,452 46,523 45,934 44,319 40,475 39,244 58,422 69,639 66,572 71,829 75,298 85,510 88,319 91,929 85,251 84,412 90,103 96,004 98,325 102,622 107,802 114,925 120,139 117,280 118,426 124,567 127,131 129,128 132,378 127,486 123,723 124,073 MVT 7,065 6,995 6,986 7,991 8,643 9,347 8,670 8,890 7,808 7,853 8,665 9,331 9,651 10,601 12,036 13,420 13,781 13,532 13,444 14,201 14,256 15,675 15,673 16,013 14,617 15,394 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 54 South Carolina Index Crime Rates Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 2.56 3.02 3.15 3.37 3.25 3.66 3.61 3.89 3.54 4.07 4.20 4.19 4.47 4.39 4.79 5.35 5.95 6.26 5.50 5.72 4.96 4.96 5.07 4.67 4.43 4.11 10.64 9.99 10.11 9.65 10.15 11.56 11.95 12.26 10.59 10.42 9.54 10.08 10.28 12.74 13.38 15.21 17.14 17.80 19.33 19.09 17.90 16.90 17.32 15.42 15.57 15.19 34.91 42.40 46.23 46.63 49.48 48.21 46.96 54.85 47.14 47.63 49.42 53.21 53.55 57.75 64.39 76.74 73.42 74.57 79.63 81.43 77.01 76.33 76.19 70.18 66.56 61.96 Year Murder 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 1.45 1.11 1.12 1.11 1.19 1.11 1.04 1.09 1.00 .94 .93 .87 .95 .96 .94 1.11 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.00 .79 .90 .85 .79 .73 .73 B&E Larceny 160.26 147.05 153.70 142.57 142.19 163.24 158.41 145.90 130.75 124.24 127.32 135.71 138.47 144.94 142.05 137.74 145.87 138.79 129.87 128.59 126.47 125.77 122.16 115.41 104.16 97.82 201.46 236.79 222.72 236.20 243.92 273.89 278.52 287.37 264.34 258.77 273.62 288.13 291.85 301.83 313.01 329.68 337.75 326.23 326.41 341.94 346.12 349.09 352.07 331.99 318.38 309.25 MVT 24.36 23.78 23.37 26.28 28.00 29.94 27.34 27.97 42.41 24.07 26.31 28.00 28.65 31.18 34.95 38.50 38.74 37.64 37.04 38.98 38.81 42.38 41.68 41.70 37.61 38.37 Note: Crime rates are expressed per 10,000 unit of population. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 55 ARRESTS Arrest counts provide a measure of law enforcement's response to crime and also provide descriptive data concerning offenders. Arrest practices, policies, and enforcement emphases vary from place to place and even within a community over time. The arrest practices for certain unlawful conduct such as drunkenness, disorderly conduct, vagrancy, and related violations may differ among agencies. But the practices for robbery, burglary, and other serious crime arrests are more likely to be uniform and consistent throughout all jurisdictions. Uniform Crime Reporting procedures require that an arrest be counted on each separate occasion a person is taken into custody, notified, or cited. Annual arrest figures do not measure the number of individuals arrested, since one person may be arrested several times during the year for the same or different offenses (Crime in the United States). 57 South Carolina’s clearance rates for murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault and breaking or entering were higher than or equal to national clearance rates. The state’s clearance rates for larceny and motor vehicle theft were lower than national clearance rates. CLEARANCE: A crime is cleared when a law enforcement agency has identified an offender, and there is enough evidence to charge him with a crime. A crime is also cleared when some element beyond law enforcement's control precludes placing charges against an offender. The arrest of one person can clear several crimes. Conversely, several persons may be arrested in clearing one crime. STATE AND NATIONAL CLEARANCE RATES 2000 Year South Carolina 76.6% 50.2% 31.3% 56.9% 13.4% 16.5% 13.8% United States 63.1% 46.9% 25.7% 56.9% 13.4% 18.2% 14.1% Murder Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Breaking & Entering Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Sources: Crime in South Carolina 2000, State Law Enforcement Division. Crime in the United States 2000, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 58 State and National Clearance Rates, 2000 S.C. National B&E MVT Larceny Robbery Rape Ag Assault Murder 0% 20% 40% Percent Clearances 60% 80% 59 South Carolina's arrest rate for the crime index decreased 9.1% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1976, there has been a 3.1% decrease in the arrest rate for the crime index. INDEX CRIME: The crime index consists of murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, breaking or entering, larceny and motor vehicle theft. CRIME INDEX ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 36,623 34,362 -6.2% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 94.24 85.64 -9.1% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 24,894 34,362 +38.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 88.40 85.64 -3.1% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 60 South Carolina Crime Index Arrest Rate 120 100 80 Rate per 10,000 60 40 20 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 61 South Carolina's violent crime arrest rate decreased 8.2% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1976, the violent crime arrest rate has increased 24%. VIOLENT CRIME: Violent crime consists of murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault, and involves the element of personal confrontation between the victim and offender. VIOLENT CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 12,149 11,520 -5.2% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 31.26 28.70 -8.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 6,519 11,520 +76.7% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 23.15 28.70 +24.0% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 62 South Carolina Violent Crime Arrest Rate 40 35 30 25 Rate per 10,000 20 15 10 5 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 63 South Carolina's property crime arrest rate decreased 9.6% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1976, the property crime arrest rate has decreased 12.8%. PROPERTY CRIME: Property crime consists of the offenses of breaking or entering, larceny and motor vehicle theft. PROPERTY CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 24,474 22,842 -6.7% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 62.98 56.93 -9.6% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 18,375 22,842 +24.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 65.25 56.93 -12.8% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 64 South Carolina Property Crime Arrest Rate 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 65 South Carolina Index Crime Arrest Count Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 433 434 457 497 452 462 532 526 570 632 653 685 651 699 721 884 967 804 801 624 665 727 702 682 583 1,019 4,720 902 4,044 900 4,000 950 4,281 1,035 4,836 1,115 4,314 1,048 4,124 1,041 3,483 945 3,520 818 3,961 934 4,274 883 3,985 1,011 4,420 1,052 4,726 1,180 5,707 1,661 6,465 1,651 7,069 1,878 7,736 1,854 8,518 1,695 8,254 1,808 9,488 2,146 10,265 1,763 9,625 1,767 9,392 1,776 8,854 Year Murder 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 347 346 356 403 378 307 361 334 283 323 289 288 336 310 397 463 467 476 447 340 355 358 355 306 303 B&E Larceny 5,979 5,333 5,635 5,806 6,734 6,957 6,556 5,810 5,523 5,353 5,664 5,356 5,783 5,758 5,870 6,967 6,864 6,325 6,188 5,605 6,011 6,272 5,439 5,016 4,610 11,393 10,832 11,325 12,037 13,516 14,679 15,725 14,680 14,206 14,353 15,218 14,688 15,661 16,221 18,067 19,959 18,636 18,536 19,818 19,619 21,275 20,753 19,644 18,529 17,348 MVT 1,003 797 890 940 904 824 771 679 716 823 964 852 1,050 1,207 1,362 1,578 1,644 1,368 1,319 1,057 1,173 1,038 949 929 884 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 66 South Carolina Index Crime Arrest Rates Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 1.54 1.53 1.59 1.70 1.45 1.46 1.66 1.63 1.75 1.92 1.96 20.3 1.91 2.03 2.06 2.49 2.69 2.21 2.19 2.00 1.79 1.93 1.83 1.76 1.45 3.62 3.18 3.13 3.26 3.32 3.52 3.28 3.23 2.90 2.48 2.80 2.62 2.97 3.05 3.37 4.67 4.59 5.17 5.06 5.43 4.86 5.71 4.59 4.55 4.43 16.76 14.24 13.90 14.67 15.49 13.60 12.89 10.80 10.79 12.03 12.83 11.83 13.00 13.72 16.31 18.18 19.66 21.31 23.25 26.10 25.53 27.30 25.07 24.17 22.07 Year Murder 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 1.21 1.22 1.24 1.38 1.21 .97 1.13 1.04 .87 .98 .87 .85 .99 .90 1.13 1.30 1.30 1.31 1.22 1.05 .96 .95 .87 .79 .76 B&E Larceny 21.23 18.78 19.58 19.90 21.57 21.94 20.49 18.02 16.93 16.26 17.00 15.90 17.01 16.72 16.78 19.59 19.09 17.42 16.89 17.67 16.17 16.68 14.16 12.91 11.49 40.46 38.14 39.35 41.25 43.29 46.29 49.16 45.52 43.55 43.59 45.67 43.60 46.06 47.10 51.63 56.11 51.84 51.06 54.09 61.11 57.25 55.19 51.16 47.68 43.24 MVT 3.56 2.81 3.09 3.22 2.90 2.60 2.41 2.11 2.19 2.50 2.89 2.53 3.09 3.50 3.89 4.44 4.57 3.77 3.60 3.30 3.16 2.76 2.47 2.39 2.20 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 67 South Carolina's simple assault arrest rate decreased 7.6% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1976, the simple assault arrest rate has increased 321.7%. SIMPLE ASSAULT: An unlawful attack upon a person where the offender does not display a weapon, and the victim does not suffer severe or aggravated bodily injury. SIMPLE ASSAULT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 25,880 24,684 -4.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 66.60 61.53 -7.6% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 4,108 24,684 +500.9% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 14.59 61.53 +321.7% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 68 South Carolina Simple Assault Arrest Rate 70 60 50 Rate per 10,000 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 69 South Carolina's arrest rate for fraud and bad checks decreased 4.7% from 1999 to 2000. From 1975 to 2000 the arrest rate increased 563.1%. FRAUD & BAD CHECKS: The intentional perversion of the truth for the purpose of inducing a person or other entity to part with something of value to include the writing and passing of bad checks. This does not include the offenses of counterfeiting or forgery. FRAUD & BAD CHECKS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 29,790 29,315 -1.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 76.66 73.07 -4.7% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 3,102 29,315 +845.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 11.02 73.07 +563.1% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 70 South Carolina Fraud & Bad Check Arrest Rate 100 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 71 South Carolina's arrest rate for weapons law violations decreased 13.9% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1976, the arrest rate has decreased 27.7%. WEAPONS LAW VIOLATIONS: The violation of laws prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, transportation, possession, concealment or use of firearms, cutting instruments, explosives, or other deadly weapons. WEAPONS LAW VIOLATIONS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 3,022 2,690 -11.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 7.78 6.70 -13.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 2,611 2,690 +3.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 9.27 6.70 -27.7% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 72 South Carolina Weapons Offense Arrest Rate 12 10 8 Rate per 10,000 6 4 2 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 73 South Carolina's drug law arrest rate decreased 3.4% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1976, the arrest rate increased 173.1%. DRUG LAWS: The drug law arrest rate includes arrests for crimes related to the possession, distribution or manufacture of illegal narcotic substances. DRUG LAWS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 28,397 28,320 -0.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 73.08 70.59 -3.4% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 7,280 28,320 +289.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 25.85 70.59 +173.1% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 74 South Carolina Drug Law Arrest Rate 80 70 60 50 Rate per 10,000 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 75 South Carolina's D.U.I. arrest rate decreased 5.3% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1976, the D.U.I. arrest rate has decreased 45.2%. DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE: D.U.I. consists of driving or operating a motor vehicle while mentally or physically impaired as the result of using alcohol, legal drugs, illegal drugs or narcotics. DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 14,246 13,922 -2.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 36.66 34.70 -5.3% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 17,839 13,922 -22.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 63.35 34.70 -45.2% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 76 South Carolina DUI Arrest Rate 80 70 60 50 Rate per 10,000 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 77 South Carolina's liquor law arrest rate decreased 5.7% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1976, the liquor law arrest rate has increased 157.3%. LIQUOR LAWS: Violation of laws pertaining to the manufacture, sale, or distribution of alcoholic beverages. LIQUOR LAWS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 17,277 16,816 -2.7% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 44.46 41.91 -5.7% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 4,586 16,816 +266.7% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 16.29 41.91 +157.3% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 78 South Carolina Liquor Law Arrest Rate 60 50 40 Rate per 10,000 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 79 South Carolina's drunkenness arrest rate decreased 8.2% from 1999 to 2000 and has decreased 84.1% since 1976. DRUNKENNESS: To drink alcoholic beverages to the extent that one's mental faculties and physical coordination are substantially impaired. This offense includes the offenses of drunk and disorderly, common drunkard, habitual drunkard, and intoxication. DRUNKENNESS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 9,456 8,964 -5.2% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 24.33 22.34 -8.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 39,617 8,964 -77.4% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 140.69 22.34 -84.1% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 80 South Carolina Drunkeness Arrest Rate 160 140 120 100 Rate per 10,000 80 60 40 20 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 81 South Carolina Selected Offense Arrest Count Simple Fraud / Year Assault ChecksWeapons 1976 4,108 1977 5,189 1978 6,373 1979 6,612 1980 7,269 1981 7,814 1982 8,721 1983 8,813 1984 9,435 1985 11,532 1986 12,769 1987 13,069 1988 14,086 1989 15,486 1990 17,801 1991 14,379 1992 13,907 1993 17,687 1994 20,694 1995 24,409 1996 24,469 1997 25,753 1998 26,385 1999 25,880 2000 24,684 3,102 3,528 4,340 7,047 11,363 12,565 12,788 13,148 14,890 19,328 22,689 22,718 23,579 22,881 24,284 30,492 29,446 30,187 31,995 32,943 35,305 32,573 27,294 29,790 29,315 2,611 2,435 1,959 2,006 1,837 1,930 2,039 1,770 1,839 1,962 2,252 2,203 2,602 2,923 3,278 3,416 3,423 4,319 4,283 3,463 3,160 3,124 3,243 3,022 2,690 Drug Laws 7,280 6,707 6,145 6,299 7,687 10,135 10,016 9,020 10,083 11,165 11,014 12,187 14,616 16,734 15,585 14,506 15,199 17,464 20,742 21,399 22,660 24,405 26,961 28,397 28,320 Liquor Laws 4,586 5,460 4,621 4,346 4,392 4,512 4,595 4,747 9,576 10,990 12,539 14,858 15,775 16,369 17,751 14,676 13,074 11,851 13,970 14,463 11,712 13,453 13,938 17,277 16,816 DUI 17,839 19,334 19,383 18,785 18,473 19,089 20,718 23,959 21,600 21,908 23,039 21,843 23,914 25,561 27,415 23,302 19,945 18,905 17,813 16,488 15,799 14,732 13,991 14,246 13,922 Drunk 39,617 40,741 37,049 31,407 32,085 28,912 29,101 28,829 27,190 25,153 25,883 23,143 22,666 22,856 24,378 19,666 16,582 15,072 14,080 12,818 10,569 10,393 10,440 9,456 8,964 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 82 South Carolina Selected Offense Arrest Rates Simple Fraud / Year Assault ChecksWeapons 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 14.59 18.27 22.14 22.66 23.28 24.64 27.26 27.33 28.92 35.02 38.32 38.79 41.43 44.97 50.87 40.42 38.68 48.72 56.48 66.46 65.83 68.49 68.71 66.60 61.53 11.02 12.42 15.08 24.15 36.40 39.62 39.97 40.77 45.65 58.69 68.09 67.43 69.35 66.44 69.40 85.72 81.91 83.16 87.32 89.69 94.98 86.63 71.08 76.66 73.07 9.27 8.57 6.81 6.87 5.88 6.09 6.37 5.49 5.64 5.96 6.76 6.54 7.65 8.49 9.37 9.60 9.52 11.90 11.69 9.43 8.50 8.31 8.45 7.78 6.70 Drug Laws 25.85 23.62 21.35 21.59 24.62 31.96 31.31 27.97 30.91 33.91 33.06 36.17 42.99 48.59 44.54 40.78 42.28 48.11 56.61 58.26 60.96 64.91 70.21 73.08 70.59 Liquor Laws 16.29 19.23 16.06 14.89 14.07 14.23 14.36 14.72 29.36 33.37 37.63 44.10 46.40 47.53 50.73 41.26 36.37 32.65 38.13 39.38 31.51 35.78 36.30 44.46 41.91 DUI 63.35 68.08 67.35 64.38 59.17 60.20 64.76 74.29 66.22 66.53 69.14 64.84 70.34 74.22 78.35 65.51 55.48 52.08 48.62 44.89 42.50 39.18 36.43 36.66 34.70 Drunk 140.69 143.45 128.73 107.63 102.77 91.18 90.97 89.39 83.35 76.38 77.68 68.69 66.66 66.36 69.67 55.29 46.13 41.52 38.43 34.90 28.43 27.64 27.19 24.33 22.34 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 83 JUDICIARY The judicial system of South Carolina consists of several different levels of courts. These courts include the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, the circuit courts (both General Sessions and Common Pleas), the family courts, the magisterial courts, the municipal courts, the probate courts, and the master-in-equity courts. The prosecutorial system consists of the circuit solicitors and the Office of the Attorney General. The defense component includes public defender corporations, court appointed counsel, retained counsel, and the Office of Appellate Defense (S.C. Judicial Department). Court data presented in the following pages represent activity on the part of the circuit, magisterial and municipal courts. 85 The number of cases filed in South Carolina’s Court of General Sessions increased 1% from FY 99 to FY 00. GENERAL SESSIONS COURT FILINGS AND DISPOSITIONS Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Filings 101,461 109,580 113,289 114,501 102,829 109,419 111,528 113,722 118,640 113,278 114,358 Dispositions 91,633 97,132 109,514 118,603 106,873 108,222 110,959 111,418 112,123 113,897 116,348 Pending End of Year 48,756 62,419 67,452 65,478 63,955 66,833 70,175 75,319 79,565 81,605 83,881 Note: Years 1990 through 1996 represent data collected over the corresponding calendar year. Subsequent years represent data collected over the corresponding fiscal year. Sources: South Carolina Judicial Department Annual Reports, and Statistical Summaries. Unpublished data, South Carolina Judicial Department. 86 South Carolina General Sessions Court Cases Filings 120,000 Dispositions Pending 100,000 80,000 Number of Cases 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 90 95 Year 00 87 Of all the indictments disposed of in South Carolina's Court of General Sessions during FY 2000, 46.8% resulted in convictions. OUTCOME OF SOUTH CAROLINA GENERAL SESSIONS COURT CASES Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Convictions 45.0% 46.2% 46.4% 45.5% 45.1% 46.5% 48.1% 47.2% 47.0% 47.3% 46.8% Nonconvictions 43.1% 40.6% 40.7% 43.0% 43.3% 42.8% 41.7% 42.6% 43.4% 42.6% 43.7% Other 11.9% 13.2% 12.9% 11.5% 11.6% 11.7% 10.2% 10.2% 9.5% 10.2% 9.5% Note: Years 1990 through 1996 represent data collected over the corresponding calendar year. Subsequent years represent data collected over the corresponding fiscal year. Sources: South Carolina Judicial Department Annual Reports and Statistical Summaries. Unpublished data, South Carolina Judicial Department. 88 Dispostion of Indicitments in South Carolina General Sessions Court Convictions 50% Non-convictions Other 40% Percent of Dispositions 30% 20% 10% 0% 90 95 Year 00 89 Guilty pleas accounted for 46% of all the Court of General Sessions dispositions in FY 00. DISPOSITION TYPE FOR SOUTH CAROLINA GENERAL SESSIONS CASES IN FY 00 Disposition Number Percentage 46.0% 38.3% 9.5% 4.9% 0.8% 0.4% 0.2% 100.0% Guilty Pleas 53,510 Nol Proseque 44,505 Other Dispositions 11,084 PTI/Judicial Commitment 5,682 Guilty at Trial 964 Not Guilty at Trial 425 Judicial Dismissals 178 Total 116,348 Note: Other Dispositions include those dismissed at preliminary hearing, no bill by grand jury, remanded, failure to appear and judicial dispositions. Source: Unpublished data, South Carolina Judicial Department. 90 General Sessions Court Dispositions by Outcome FY 00 Judicial Dismissal 0.2% Not Guilty: Trial 0.4% Guilty: Trial 0.8% PTI 4.9% Other 9.5% Nol Pros 38.3% Guilty Pleas 46.0% 91 Traffic cases, other than driving under the influence, made up 62% of magistrate court dispositions in FY 00. FY 00 DISPOSITIONS BY CASE TYPE Case Type Traffic Criminal Civil DUI Total Number 743,492 253,120 190,262 11,920 1,198,794 Percentage 62.0% 21.1% 15.9% 1.0% 100.0% Source: Unpublished material, South Carolina Judicial Department. 92 South Carolina Magistrate Court Cases by Type FY 00 62.0% 21.1% 15.9% 1.0% Traffic Criminal Civil DUI 93 Of the criminal cases processed through South Carolina's magistrate court during FY 2000, 49.3% resulted in a guilty verdict by bench trial. MAGISTRATE COURT DISPOSITIONS, FY 00 Case Type Guilty (Bench Trial) Transferred, Other Bond Forfeitures Not Guilty (Bench Trial) Continued Nol Proseque Guilty (Jury Trial) Not Guilty(Jury Trial) Total Number 108,784 53,598 22,604 16,151 13,051 5,838 432 339 220,797 Percentage 49.3% 24.3% 10.2% 7.3% 5.9% 2.6% 0.2% 0.2% 100.0% Source: Unpublished data, South Carolina Judicial Department. 94 Outcome of South Carolina Magistrate Court Cases FY 00 Not Guilty(Jury Trial) 0.2% Guilty (Jury Trial) 0.2% Nol Proseque 2.6% Continued 5.9% Not Guilty (Bench Trial) 7.3% Bond Forfeitures 10.2% Transferred, Other 24.3% Guilty (Bench Trial) 49.3% 95 Traffic offenses accounted for 65.1% of South Carolina's municipal court cases filed in FY 00, compared to 61.4% in 1980. FY 00 FILINGS Case Type Traffic Local Ordinance Non-Traffic DUI Total Number 265,832 72,189 65,511 4,850 408,382 Percentage 65.1% 17.7% 16.0% 1.2% 100.0% 1980 FILINGS Case Type Traffic Local Ordinance Non-Traffic DUI Total Cases Number 152,387 45,836 42,901 6,942 248,066 Percentage 61.4% 18.5% 17.3% 2.8% 100.0% Note: 1979 Municipal Court data were not available. Sources: South Carolina Judicial Department 1980 Annual Report, Unpublished data, South Carolina Judicial Department. 96 Cases Filed in South Carolina Municipal Court FY 00 70% 1980 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Traffic Local Ordinance Non-Traffic DUI 97 Bench trials accounted for 37.8% of the dispositions in South Carolina's municipal courts in FY 00, representing an 80.9% increase over 1980. TYPE OF TRIAL Case Type Forfeit/Other Non-Jury Jury 1980 78.2% 20.9% 0.9% FY 00 61.7% 37.8% 0.5% % Change -21.1% +80.9% -44.4% Note: 1979 Municipal Court data were not available. Sources: South Carolina Judicial Department 1980 Annual Report, Unpublished data, South Carolina Judicial Department. 98 Type of Trial in South Carolina Municipal Courts 1980 FY 00 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Forefit/Other Non-Jury Jury 99 100 JAILS The jail system in South Carolina provides an important example of intergovernmental cooperation. Although jails are the administrative and financial responsibility of local governments, both county and municipal, the South Carolina Department of Corrections (SCDC) is responsible for ensuring that local jails and detention centers meet certain operational standards. Jails must meet these standards to be certified for operation. Jails and detention centers are an important segment of the criminal justice system. They detain prisoners before trial, and provide a place where some inmates may serve their sentences. Data concerning jail capacity and use are available for calendar years 1985 through 2000. 101 The total capacity of South Carolina's jails increased 152.3% from 1985 to 2000, and increased 5% from 1999 to 2000. TOTAL RATED JAIL CAPACITY Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Capacity 3,762 3,737 3,823 3,858 3,932 4,126 4,511 4,299 4,745 6,231 7,170 7,487 7,773 7,983 9,036 9,490 Change Over Prior Year -0.7% +2.3% + 0.9% +1.9% + 4.9% + 9.3% -4.7% +10.4% +31.3% +15.1% +4.4% +3.8% +2.7% +13.2% +5.0% Source: Unpublished data, SC Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. 102 South Carolina Jail Capacity 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 Approved Inmate Spaces 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 85 90 Year 95 00 103 The average daily population of South Carolina's jails increased 211.2% from 1985 to 2000, and has increased 1.6% from 1999 to 2000. AVERAGE DAILY JAIL POPULATION Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Average Daily Population 3,146 3,255 3,675 3,337 4,260 4,874 5,571 5,437 6,039 6,512 7,589 7,811 8,738 8,977 9,633 9,789 Change Over Prior Year +3.5% +12.9% -9.2% +27.7% +14.4% +14.3% -1.8% +10.3% +7.8% +16.5% +2.9% +11.9% +2.7% +7.3% +1.6% Source: Unpublished data, SC Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. 104 South Carolina Average Daily Jail Population 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 85 90 Year 95 00 105 South Carolina's jails were operating at 103% of their total rated capacity during 2000. OPERATING CAPACITY OF JAILS Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 % Capacity 84% 87% 96% 87% 108% 118% 124% 126% 127% 105% 106% 104% 112% 112% 107% 103% Note: Operating capacity represents a comparison of the average daily population to rated capacity. Source: Unpublished data, SC Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. 106 South Carolina Jail Operating Capacity 140% 120% 100% % of Rated Capacity 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 85 90 Year 95 00 107 The total capacity of South Carolina's jails to detain juveniles decreased 4.3% from 1985 to 2000. TOTAL JUVENILE JAIL CAPACITY Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Capacity 291 258 199 200 212 205 277 233 156 90 111 114 172 172 184 176 Change Over Prior Year -11.3% -22.9% +0.5% +6.0% -3.3% +35.1% -15.9% -33.0% -42.3% +23.3% +2.7% +50.9% 0.0% +7.0% -4.3% Source: Unpublished data, SC Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. 108 South Carolina Juvenile Detention Capacity 300 250 200 Juvenile Detention Spaces 150 100 50 0 85 90 Year 95 00 109 CORRECTIONS The South Carolina Department of Corrections is a cabinet agency, headed by a director reporting directly to, and serving at the pleasure of, the Governor. The director administers policy and is responsible for the operation of a modern, statewide penal system. The department is responsible for the incarceration of offenders in a safe, secure and humane setting in order to protect public safety. The department also provides offenders with opportunities to become productive, law abiding citizens. 111 South Carolina ranked seventh among the states, incarcerating 532 inmates per 100,000 residents. The national incarceration rate was 478 inmates per 100,000 residents. STATE INCARCERATION RATES: THE TEN HIGHEST, DECEMBER 31, 2000 State Louisiana Texas Mississippi Oklahoma Georgia Alabama South Carolina Nevada Arizona Delaware Incarceration Rate per 100,000 801 730 688 685 550 549 532 518 515 513 Note: This includes only inmates with a sentence of 1 year or more. Source: Prisoners in 2000, United States Bureau of Justice Statistics. 112 Selected Incarceration Rates NC 347 US 478 SC 532 South US 539 GA 550 Inmates per 100,000 113 The jurisdictional population increased 0.9% from FY 99 to FY 00. Since FY 75, the population has increased 378%. INMATE POPULATION GROWTH Fiscal Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 # Inmates 4,618 6,264 7,167 7,447 7,623 7,869 8,078 8,602 9,392 9,789 10,121 10,755 11,786 12,660 14,049 16,149 17,641 18,581 18,704 19,150 19,328 20,122 20,930 21,401 21,855 22,053 % Change Over Prior Year +35.6 +14.4 +3.9 +2.4 +3.2 +2.7 +6.5 +9.2 +4.2 +3.4 +6.3 +9.6 +7.4 +11.0 +14.9 +9.2 +5.3 +0.7 +2.4 +0.9 +4.1 +4.0 +2.3 +2.1 +0.9 Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports. 114 South Carolina Inmate Population 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 75 80 85 Fiscal Year 90 95 00 115 The annual cost per inmate in South Carolina increased 4.5% from FY 99 to FY 00. ANNUAL COST PER INMATE Fiscal Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Cost $4,147 $4,102 $4,075 $4,826 $5,488 $5,666 $6,489 $7,110 $7,520 $8,632 $9,476 $10,471 $11,721 $12,421 $13,237 $12,707 $12,451 $12,467 $12,296 $12,574 $13,219 $13,315 $13,857 $14,318 $15,336 $16,024 Change Over Prior Year -1.1% -0.7% +18.4% +13.7% +3.2% +14.5% +9.6% +5.8% +14.8% +9.8% +10.5% +11.9% +6.0% +6.6% -4.0% -2.0% +0.1% -1.4% +2.3% +5.1% +0.7% +4.1% +3.3% +7.1% +4.5% Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports. 116 South Carolina Inmate Costs $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 Annual Cost per Inmate $10,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 75 80 85 Fiscal Year 90 95 00 117 More inmates are incarcerated for drug offenses than any other offense category. The percent of inmates serving time in South Carolina for drug convictions has increased from 5.6% in FY 77 to 22.7% in FY 00. OFFENSE DISTRIBUTION FOR INMATES FY 77 Offense Drugs Burglary Homicide Robbery Other Crimes Assault Sexual Assault Larceny Traffic Stolen Vehicle Fraud Forgery Total Number 501 503 971 1,139 1,158 542 248 1,576 224 951 961 223 8,997 Pct. 5.6% 5.6% 10.8% 12.7% 12.9% 6.0% 2.8% 17.5% 2.5% 10.6% 10.7% 2.5% 100.0% Number 5,033 3,515 2,891 2,643 2,026 1,710 1,248 1,016 645 554 521 401 22,203 FY 00 Pct. 22.7% 15.8% 13.0% 11.9% 9.1% 7.7% 5.6% 4.6% 2.9% 2.5% 2.3% 1.8% 100.0% Notes: Although earlier offense data were available, the FY 77 offense classifications provide the best comparison for current data. Offense category is based on the offense with the longest sentence. Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports. 118 South Carolina Inmate Population by Offense FY 77 Forgery Fraud Stolen Vehicle Traffic Larceny Sexual Assault Assault Other Crimes Robbery Homicide Burglary Drugs 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% FY 00 119 In FY 84, 41.1% of the inmate population was 30 years of age or older. In FY 00, 57.5% of the inmate population was 30 years of age or older. INMATE POPULATION BY AGE FY 84 Age Group Under 17 17 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50+ Total Number 6 614 2,558 2,563 1,771 1,054 531 240 399 9,736 Pct. <0.1% 6.3% 26.3% 26.3% 18.2% 10.8% 5.5% 2.5% 4.1% 100.0% Number 5 1,026 4,231 4,166 3,682 3,485 2,649 1,518 1,441 22,203 FY 00 Pct. <0.1% 4.6% 19.1% 18.8% 16.6% 15.7% 11.9% 6.8% 6.5% 100.0% Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports. 120 South Carolina Inmate Population by Age FY 84 FY 00 52.6% 37.8% 32.3% 29.0% 18.8% 7.9% 6.4% 4.6% 6.5% 4.1% 19 & younger 20 - 29 30 - 39 Age Categories 40 - 49 50 & older 121 Of the inmates released in South Carolina during FY 00, 45.1% served one year or less. The average time served for all inmates released was two years and one month. TIME SERVED BY INMATES RELEASED FY 00 Time Served 0 - 3 months 3 - 6 months 6 - 9 months 9 - 12 months 1 -2 years 2 - 3 years 3 - 4 years 4 - 5 years 5 - 6 years 6 - 7 years 7 - 8 years 8 - 9 years 9 - 10 years 10 - 15 years 15 - 20 years 20+ years Total Number 689 1,534 1,498 1,319 2,621 1,238 623 482 352 226 160 116 69 177 41 20 11,165 Percent 6.2% 13.7% 13.4% 11.8% 23.5% 11.1% 5.6% 4.3% 3.2% 2.0% 1.4% 1.0% 0.6% 1.6% 0.4% 0.2% 100.0% Note: Excludes inmates who died or were released due to conditions such as shock incarceration, restitution and paid fines. The start of each time range is actually plus one day. Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections FY 2000 Annual Report. 122 Time Served by South Carolina Inmates Released During FY 00 5+ 10.4% 3+ to 5 9.9% 2+ to 3 Years Served 11.1% 1+ to 2 23.5% .5+ to 1 25.2% .5 or less 19.9% 123 The average sentence of South Carolina's inmates was 12.58 years in FY 00. INMATES BY SENTENCE LENGTH Fiscal Year 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Average Sentence Length (Years) 10.00 10.00 11.92 12.08 11.92 11.67 12.58 12.75 11.92 11.92 12.00 11.67 11.92 11.92 12.08 12.50 12.75 13.17 12.75 12.75 12.75 12.58 12.58 Change Over Prior Year 0.0% +19.2% +1.3% -1.3% -2.1% +7.8% +1.4% -6.5% 0.0% +0.7% -2.8% +2.1% 0.0% +1.3% +3.5% +2.0% +3.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -1.3% 0.0% Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports. 124 South Carolina Inmates by Sentence Length 14 12 10 Average Sentence in Years 8 6 4 2 0 80 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 125 COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS The South Carolina Board of Paroles and Pardons consists of seven members, appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. This board is responsible for granting paroles and pardons. The South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole and Pardon Services (SCDPPPS) is a cabinet agency, with the director reporting to, and serving at the pleasure of, the Governor. SCDPPPS is responsible for providing adult community supervision throughout the state. This includes the supervision of those offenders sentenced to probation by the court, paroled by the board or placed on early release programs. SCDPPPS also works closely with the Board of Paroles and Pardons to provide information required for its consideration in granting paroles and pardons. Note: From 1941 through Fiscal Year 82, SCDPPPS was known as the South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole and Pardons. From Fiscal Year 83 through Fiscal Year 85, the agency was known as the South Carolina Department of Parole and Community Corrections. The current name has been in use since FY 86. In the interest of both brevity and thoroughness, source notes referring to materials taken from annual reports for those years will reference only SCDPPPS for the corresponding years. Full reference, with appropriate citation for all years, can be found under Sources. 127 There were 91.5 offenders under community supervision per 10,000 population in South Carolina in FY 00. Abbeville County had the highest rate with 129.4 offenders under supervision per 10,000 population. COUNTIES BY COMMUNITY SUPERVISION OFFENDER RATES: THE TOP TEN IN FY 00 County Abbeville Chester Sumter Cherokee Greenwood Florence Orangeburg Bamberg Jasper Barnwell Offenders Per 10,000 129.4 128.7 125.9 122.3 115.5 112.7 111.9 111.4 110.6 108.1 Note: Based on active offender population. Sources: Unpublished material, SCDPPPS, Unpublished material, Budget and Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 128 Offenders Under Community Supervision per 10,000 Population by County, FY 00 Abbeville Aiken Allendale Anderson Bamberg Barnwell Beaufort Berkeley Calhoun Charleston Cherokee Chester Chesterfield Clarendon Colleton Darlington Dillon Dorchester Edgefield Fairfield Florence Georgetown Greenville 129.4 90.1 81.3 92.9 111.4 108.1 50.4 64.8 69.1 88.2 122.3 128.7 74.5 94.5 98.7 100.0 86.0 68.0 85.8 91.9 112.7 53.8 104.0 Greenwood Hampton Horry Jasper Kershaw Lancaster Laurens Lee Lexington McCormick Marion Marlboro Newberry Oconee Orangeburg Pickens Richland Saluda Spartanburg Sumter Union Williamsburg York 115.5 61.2 67.5 110.6 104.4 87.9 98.9 101.5 82.3 103.0 94.6 91.3 92.5 84.7 111.9 77.6 96.2 91.7 95.8 125.9 105.7 90.3 91.9 Note: Based on active offender population. Sources: Unpublished material, SCDPPPS, Unpublished material, Budget and Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 129 The number of offenders under community supervision in South Carolina decreased 2% from FY 99 to FY 00, the third consecutive year in which the population decreased. COMMUNITY SUPERVISION OFFENDER POPULATION Fiscal Year 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Number of Offenders 17,433 18,162 19,678 19,926 18,133 21,113 21,551 24,535 26,423 27,221 31,814 35,090 37,138 41,806 46,625 50,106 52,325 54,113 55,682 55,769 55,199 54,705 53,608 % Change +4.2% +8.3% +1.3% -9.0% +16.4% +2.1% +13.8% +7.7% +3.0% +16.9% +10.3% +5.8% +12.6% +11.5% +7.5% +4.4% +3.4% +2.9% +0.2% -1.0% -0.9% -2.0% Note: Based on jurisdictional population, which includes both reporting and nonreporting offenders. Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Reports, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 130 South Carolina Community Supervision Population 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 80 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 131 Drug offenses account for more probation admissions than any other offense category. The proportion of probationers sentenced for drug offenses increased 95.6% since FY 78. OFFENSE DISTRIBUTION FOR PROBATION ADMISSIONS FY 78 Offense Number 1,249 3,207 902 1,357 441 352 665 344 252 159 206 53 9,187 Pct. 13.6% 34.9% 9.8% 14.8% 4.8% 3.8% 7.2% 3.7% 2.7% 1.7% 2.2% 0.6% 100.0% Number 3,914 2,598 2,116 1,001 1,001 974 946 785 534 368 283 190 14,710 Drugs Traffic Other Larceny Assault Fraud Burglary Forgery/Counterfeit Weapons Obstruct Police Stolen Vehicle Robbery Total FY 00 Pct. 26.6% 17.7% 14.4% 6.8% 6.8% 6.6% 6.4% 5.3% 3.6% 2.5% 1.9% 1.3% 100.0% Sources: SCDPPPS FY 78 Annual Report, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 132 South Carolina Probation Admissions by Offense FY 00 Robbery Stolen Vehicle Obstruct Police Weapons Forgery/Counterfeit Burglary Fraud Assault Larceny Other Traffic Drugs 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% FY 78 133 The probation revocation rate for South Carolina during FY 00 was 11.4%. PROBATION REVOCATION RATES Fiscal Year 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Technical Offenses N/A 2.4% 2.7% 3.3% 3.8% 3.6% 3.6% 4.2% 4.4% 4.4% 3.8% 4.1% 5.3% 6.3% 7.2% 8.6% 8.7% 9.8% New Offenses N/A 1.6% 1.3% 1.6% 1.4% 1.0% 1.0% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.5% 1.4% 1.5% 1.3% 1.6% Total Rate 3.9% 4.0% 4.0% 4.9% 5.2% 4.6% 4.6% 5.1% 5.3% 5.2% 5.5% 5.8% 7.0% 7.8% 8.6% 10.1% 10.0% 11.4% Note: A breakdown of revocation rates for FY 83 is not available. The term technical offense refers to offenses that are violations of the terms of supervision but not criminal offenses. Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Reports, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 134 South Carolina Probation Revocation Rate Technical Revocations 12% New Offenses Total Revocation Rate 10% 8% Percent Revoked 6% 4% 2% 0% 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 135 In FY 00, 47.3% of probation admissions were 30 years of age or older. In FY 85, 41.7% of probation admissions were 30 years of age or older. PROBATION ADMISSIONS BY AGE FY 85 Age Group Under 17 17 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50+ Total Number 0 856 2,142 1,841 1,301 812 539 302 499 8,292 Pct. 0.0% 10.3% 25.8% 22.2% 15.7% 9.8% 6.5% 3.6% 6.0% 100.0% Number 29 1,920 3,285 2,487 2,080 1,947 1441 797 676 14,662 FY 00 Pct. 0.2% 13.1% 22.4% 17.0% 14.2% 13.3% 9.8% 5.4% 4.6% 100.0% Note: There were 48 probation admissions in FY 00 for which age data were not available. Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Report, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 136 South Carolina Probation Admissions by Age FY 00 FY 78 48.0% 39.4% 27.5% 25.5% 15.3% 13.3% 10.3% 10.2% 6.0% 4.6% 19 & Younger 20 - 29 30 - 39 Age Categories 40 - 49 50 & Older 137 South Carolina's parole approval rate in FY 00 was 26.6%. PAROLE HEARINGS SUMMARY Fiscal Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Hearings 1,317 1,448 1,400 1,895 1,780 2,220 2,908 2,604 3,516 3,479 4,115 3,255 3,573 3,065 3,292 4,064 4,091 4,686 4,563 5,227 5,435 5,791 5,969 7,106 5,503 6,440 Approvals 762 845 962 1,234 1,172 1,387 1,498 1,224 1,359 1,269 1,349 894 1,031 1,289 1,070 1,317 1,319 1,906 1,785 1,813 1,527 1,469 1,472 1,113 915 1,714 Rate 57.9% 58.4% 68.7% 65.1% 65.8% 62.5% 51.5% 47.0% 38.7% 36.5% 32.8% 27.5% 28.9% 42.1% 32.5% 32.4% 32.2% 40.7% 39.1% 34.7% 28.1% 25.4% 24.7% 15.7% 16.6% 26.6% Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Report, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 138 South Carolina Parole Approval Rate 70% 60% 50% Approved for Parole 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 75 80 85 Fiscal Year 90 95 00 139 In FY 00, 39.7% of the inmates paroled in South Carolina had been incarcerated for drug law violations, compared to 11.7% of inmates paroled in FY 78. OFFENSE DISTRIBUTION FOR PAROLE ADMISSIONS FY 78 Offense Number Pct. 11.7% 15.8% 15.6% 17.3% 14.3% 9.1% 12.6% 3.7% 100.0% Number 585 310 145 120 98 97 73 45 1,473 Drugs 144 Other 195 Burglary 193 Robbery 213 Larceny 176 Assault 112 Homicide 155 Forgery/Counterfeit 46 Total 1,234 FY 00 Pct. 39.7% 21.0% 9.8% 8.1% 6.7% 6.6% 5.0% 3.1% 100.0% Note: Parole approvals are not equal to parole admissions for two reasons. Inmates are approved for parole on the basis of conditions which, if not met, will result in their not being released to parole supervision, also FY 00 parole admissions include 394 inmates supervised under early release programs which do not require approval by the parole board. Sources: SCDPPPS FY 78 Annual Report, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 140 South Carolina Parole Admissions by Offense FY 00 FY 78 Forgery/Counterfeit Homicide Assault Larceny Robbery Burglary Other Drugs 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 141 The parole revocation rate in South Carolina for FY 00 was 11.2%. PAROLE REVOCATION RATES Fiscal Year 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Technical Offenses N/A 3.6% 4.7% 4.0% 4.3% 5.1% 4.3% 6.2% 5.6% 5.4% 6.1% 7.1% 7.4% 7.5% 8.3% 8.4% 8.5% 9.9% New Offenses N/A 4.8% 4.3% 3.7% 2.8% 3.0% 3.1% 2.3% 2.3% 1.6% 2.5% 3.0% 3.0% 1.8% 1.6% 1.7% 0.9% 1.3% Total Rate 8.4% 8.4% 9.0% 7.7% 7.1% 8.1% 7.4% 8.5% 7.9% 7.0% 8.6% 10.1% 10.4% 9.3% 9.9% 10.1% 9.4% 11.2% Note: A breakdown of revocation rates for FY 83 is not available. . The term technical offense refers to offenses that are violations of the terms of supervision but not criminal offenses. Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Reports, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 142 South Carolina Parole Revocations Technical Violations 12% New Offenses Total Revocations 10% 8% Percent Revoked 6% 4% 2% 0% 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 143 In FY 85, 46.5% of parole admissions were 30 years of age or older. In FY 00, 61.6% of parole admissions were 30 years of age or older. PAROLE ADMISSIONS BY AGE FY 85 Age Group Under 17 17 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50+ Total Number 0 14 269 387 279 151 70 31 52 1,253 Pct. 0.0% 1.1% 21.5% 30.9% 22.3% 12.1% 5.6% 2.5% 4.2% 100.0% Number 0 40 215 310 273 277 171 98 83 1,467 FY 00 Pct. 0.0% 2.7% 14.7% 21.1% 18.6% 18.9% 11.7% 6.7% 5.7% 100.0% Note: There were 6 parole admissions in FY 00 for which age data were not available. Sources: SCDPPPS FY 85 Annual Report, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 144 South Carolina Parole Admissions by Age FY 00 FY 85 52.4% 37.5% 35.8% 34.3% 18.3% 8.1% 5.7% 2.7% 1.1% 19 & Younger 20 - 29 30 - 39 Age Categories 40 -49 50 & Older 4.2% 145 JUVENILE ARREST RATES Besides being a gauge of law enforcement's response to crime, arrest rates provide reliable data concerning the age, sex and race of apprehended offenders. Consequently, arrest rates by age provide a good measure of juvenile delinquency. Uniform Crime Reporting procedures require that an arrest be counted on each separate occasion a person is taken into custody, notified, or cited. As a result, annual arrest figures do not measure the number of individual juveniles arrested, since one juvenile might be arrested several times during a year (Crime in the United States, FBI). In keeping with state law which sets the age of adult responsibility in most criminal matters at seventeen years of age, arrest rates were calculated on the basis of the estimated juvenile (age 0 through 16) population for each year in question. 147 South Carolina's 2000 crime index arrest rate for juveniles represents a 10.9% decrease from 1999, but a 14.2% increase over 1976. CRIME INDEX: The crime index consists of murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, breaking or entering, larceny and motor vehicle theft. JUVENILE CRIME INDEX ARREST RATE ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 6,440 6,027 -6.4% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 70.99 63.25 -10.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 4,999 6,027 +20.6% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 55.37 63.25 +14.2% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 148 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Crime Index 100 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 149 South Carolina's juvenile arrest rate for violent crimes decreased 6.8% from 1999 to 2000. The juvenile arrest rate for violent crimes has increased 149% since 1976. VIOLENT CRIME: Violent crime consists of murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault, and involves the element of personal confrontation between the victim and offender. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR VIOLENT CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 1,018 997 -2.1% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 11.22 10.46 -6.8% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 379 997 +163.1% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 4.20 10.46 +149.0% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 150 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Violent Crime 16 14 12 10 Rate per 10,000 8 6 4 2 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 151 South Carolina's juvenile arrest rate for murder decreased from .21 per 10,000 to .08 per 10,000 from 1999 to 2000. MURDER: Murder is the willful killing of one person by another. The classification of this offense is based on police investigation as opposed to the determination of a court, medical examiner, coroner, jury or other judicial body. Deaths caused by negligence, suicide, accident or justifiable homicides are not included. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR MURDER ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 19 8 -57.9% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles .21 .08 -61.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 10 8 -20.0% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles .11 .08 -27.3% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 152 South Carolina Juvenile Murder Arrest Rate 0.40 0.30 Rate per 10,000 0.20 0.10 0.00 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 153 South Carolina's juvenile arrest rate for rape decreased 27.5% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1976, the juvenile arrest rate for rape has increased 61%. RAPE: Forcible rape is the carnal knowledge of a person, forcibly and against their will. Assaults or attempts to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included; however statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses are excluded. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR RAPE ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 83 63 -24.1% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles .91 .66 -27.5% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 37 63 +70.3% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles .41 .66 +61.0% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, FBI; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 154 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Rape 1.4 1.2 1.0 Rate per 10,000 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 155 South Carolina's juvenile arrest rate for robbery increased .7% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1976, the juvenile arrest rate for robbery has increased 47.1%. ROBBERY: Robbery is the taking or attempted taking of anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or the threat of force, by violence, or by putting the victim in fear. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR ROBBERY ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 135 143 +5.9% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 1.49 1.50 +0.7% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 92 143 +55.4% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 1.02 1.50 +47.1% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 156 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Robbery 4 3 Rate per 10,000 2 1 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 157 South Carolina's arrest rate of juveniles for aggravated assault decreased 4.5% from 1999 to 2000. Since 1976, the juvenile arrest rate for aggravated assault has increased 209%. AGGRAVATED ASSAULT: Aggravated assault is an unlawful attack for the purpose of inflicting serious bodily injury. This assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. Attempted aggravated assaults are also included. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR AGGRAVATED ASSAULT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 781 783 +0.3% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 8.61 8.22 -4.5% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 240 783 +226.3% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 2.66 8.22 +209.0% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 158 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Aggravated Assault 12 10 8 Rate per 10,000 6 4 2 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 159 South Carolina's 2000 juvenile arrest rate for property crimes represents a 11.7% decrease since 1999, and a 3.2% increase since 1976. PROPERTY CRIME: Property crimes include the offenses of breaking or entering, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR PROPERTY CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 5,422 5,030 -7.2% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 59.78 52.79 -11.7% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 4,620 5,030 +8.9% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 51.17 52.79 +3.2% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 160 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Property Crime 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 161 South Carolina's breaking or entering arrest rate for juveniles decreased 12.8% from 1999 to 2000. The breaking or entering rate has decreased 30.8% since 1976. BREAKING OR ENTERING: Breaking or entering is the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. The use of force to gain entry is not required to classify an offense as breaking or entering. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR BREAKING OR ENTERING ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 1,230 1,126 -8.5% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 13.56 11.82 -12.8% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 1,543 1,126 -27.0% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 17.09 11.82 -30.8% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 162 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Breaking or Entering 25 20 15 Rate per 10,000 10 5 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 163 South Carolina's larceny arrest rate for juveniles decreased 11.5% from 1999 to 2000. The juvenile arrest rate for larceny has increased 23.6% since 1976. LARCENY: Larceny is the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. It includes crimes such as shoplifting, pocket-picking, purse snatching, thefts from motor vehicles, thefts of motor vehicle parts, and accessories in which no use of force, violence or fraud occurs. This crime category does not include embezzlement, con games, forgery, worthless checks, or motor vehicle theft. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR LARCENY ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 3,939 3,663 -7.0% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 43.42 38.44 -11.5% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 2,807 3,663 +30.5% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 31.09 38.44 +23.6% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 164 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Larceny 60 50 40 Rate per 10,000 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 165 The juvenile arrest rate for motor vehicle theft decreased 9.3% from 1999 to 2000, and decreased 15.4% since 1976. MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT: Motor vehicle theft is the stealing or attempted stealing of a motor vehicle, including automobiles, trucks, buses, motorcycles, motor-scooters, snowmobiles, etc. This definition excludes the unauthorized taking of motor vehicles for temporary use by those having lawful access. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 1999 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 253 241 -4.7% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 2.79 2.53 -9.3% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2000 % Change Number of Arrests 270 241 -10.7% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 2.99 2.53 -15.4% Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 166 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Motor Vehicle Theft 7 6 5 Rate per 10,000 4 3 2 1 0 76 80 85 Year 90 95 00 167 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Count Year Murder 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 10 13 7 14 11 8 2 5 4 9 5 11 6 11 6 24 23 32 32 24 14 34 18 19 8 Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 37 35 38 62 34 39 47 45 49 45 52 70 61 60 60 99 109 106 105 69 69 68 80 83 63 92 80 92 91 66 90 80 99 84 61 95 92 82 82 106 179 164 223 324 263 257 253 201 135 143 240 189 150 157 178 170 136 128 147 170 225 250 269 322 380 542 760 762 915 856 907 882 897 781 783 B&E Larceny 1,543 1,369 1,453 1,423 1,623 1,690 1,319 1,208 1,140 1,337 1,421 1,528 1,443 1,460 1,416 1,815 1,774 1,917 1,670 1,670 1,739 1,724 1,516 1,230 1,126 2,807 2,331 2,354 2,447 2,638 2,808 2,673 2,800 2,942 3,140 3,114 3,166 3,282 3,546 3,574 3,826 4,111 4,649 4,673 4,673 4,972 4,744 4,399 3,939 3,663 MVT 270 201 228 278 249 217 158 187 235 320 304 410 456 563 493 606 524 581 433 433 422 355 314 253 241 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 168 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rates Year Murder 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 .11 .15 .08 .16 .12 .09 .02 .06 .05 .10 .06 .13 .07 .13 .07 .27 .26 .36 .36 .27 .16 .38 .20 .21 .08 Agg. Rape Robbery Assault .41 .39 .43 .70 .38 .44 .54 .52 .57 .52 .61 .81 .71 .69 .68 1.12 1.23 1.19 1.18 .77 .77 .75 .88 .91 .66 1.02 .89 1.03 1.03 .75 1.03 .92 1.15 .98 .71 1.11 1.07 .95 .94 1.21 2.03 1.85 2.51 3.63 2.95 2.87 2.92 2.22 1.49 1.50 2.66 2.11 1.77 1.77 2.01 1.94 1.56 1.48 1.71 1.98 2.62 2.95 3.11 3.69 4.33 6.13 8.57 8.57 10.25 9.61 10.13 9.79 9.90 8.61 8.22 B&E Larceny 17.09 15.28 16.06 16.06 18.33 19.27 16.01 15.26 14.02 13.28 15.60 16.52 17.68 16.53 16.65 16.02 20.47 19.96 21.48 18.74 19.42 19.13 16.74 13.56 11.82 31.09 26.02 26.40 27.62 29.80 32.01 33.83 30.92 32.51 34.27 36.63 36.21 36.64 37.60 40.45 40.43 43.15 46.26 52.08 52.45 55.53 52.64 48.57 43.42 38.44 MVT 2.99 2.24 2.56 3.14 2.81 2.47 1.92 1.83 2.17 2.74 3.73 3.53 4.74 5.22 6.42 5.58 6.84 5.90 6.51 4.86 4.71 3.94 3.47 2.79 2.53 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 169 CRIME IN SCHOOLS Concern over the safety of children in school led to the Safe Schools Act of 1990, which requires the collection and reporting of school crime incidents. School crime incidents include offenses committed on public school campuses, during travel to and from schools on public school buses, and during school functions. In the case of incidents involving more than one crime, the incident is categorized according to the most serious of the offenses. The South Carolina Department of Education collects information concerning school crime incidents and reports the results annually. The data presented in this section represent incidents from June 2000 through May 2001 (SY 01). 171 The leading offense category of school crimes in South Carolina public schools during SY 01 was crimes against the person. Disrupting school crimes ranked second, followed by crimes against property. SCHOOL CRIMES BY OFFENSE CATEGORY Offense Against Person Disruption Property Total Number 5,592 4,947 1,943 12,482 Percentage 44.8% 39.6% 15.6% 100.0% Source: School Crime Incidents in South Carolina Public Schools June 2000 through May 2001, South Carolina Department of Education. 172 South Carolina School Crime by Offense Category, SY 01 44.8% 39.6% 15.6% Against Person Disruption Property 173 Simple assault was the crime against persons most often reported, accounting for 71% of that category. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS BY OFFENSE SY 01 Offense Number Simple Assault 3,972 Intimidation 1,005 Aggravated Assault 369 Non-Forcible Sex Offense 185 Forcible Sex Offense 60 Kidnapping 1 Total 5,592 Percentage 71.0% 18.0% 6.6% 3.3% 1.1% <0.1% 100.0% Source: School Crime Incident Report for South Carolina Public Schools June 2000 through May 2001, South Carolina Department of Education. 174 Crimes Against Persons in South Carolina Schools, SY 01 Forcible Sex Offense 1.1% Non-Forcible Sex Offense 3.3% Aggravated Assault 6.6% Intimidation 18.0% Simple Assault 71.0% 175 Larceny accounted for 49.9% of crimes against property within South Carolina's public schools during SY 01. CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY BY OFFENSE Offense Larceny Vandalism Breaking & Entering Stolen Property Other Arson Motor Vehicle Theft Total Number 969 619 215 60 39 22 19 1,724 Percentage 49.9% 31.9% 11.1% 3.1% 2.0% 1.1% 1.0% 100.0% Source: School Crime Incident Report for South Carolina Public Schools June 2000 through May 2001, South Carolina Department of Education. 176 Crimes Against Property in South Carolina Schools, SY 01 MVT 1.0% Arson 1.1% Other 2.0% Stolen Property 3.1% B&E 11.1% Vandalism 31.9% Larceny 49.9% 177 Crimes of disruption involve willfully or unnecessarily interfering with the students or school officials or in any way disturbing school order. Disturbing schools accounted for 53.5% of this offense category during SY 01. CRIMES OF DISRUPTION BY OFFENSE Offense Disturbing Schools Drug Possession Weapons Liquor Trespassing Drug Distribution Other Total Number 2,649 906 875 194 171 120 32 4.947 Percentage 53.5% 18.3% 17.7% 3.9% 3.5% 2.4% 0.6% 100.0% Source: School Crime Incident Report for South Carolina Public Schools June 2000 through May 2001, South Carolina Department of Education. 178 Crimes of Disruption in South Carolina Schools, SY 01 Other 0.6% Drug Dist 2.4% Trespassing 3.5% Liquor 3.9% Weapons 17.7% Drug Possession 18.3% Disturbing Schools 53.5% 179 Knives and other sharp objects were the weapons most commonly involved in school crime incidents during SY 01. It is important to note that involvement does not necessarily mean the weapon was used to harm someone. WEAPONS REPORTED IN SCHOOL CRIMES Weapon Knives, Sharp Objects Other Handguns BB/Pellet Guns Blunt Objects Other Firearms Total Number 792 132 43 39 38 15 1,059 Percentage 74.8% 12.5% 4.1% 3.7% 3.6% 1.4% 100.0% Note: This table does not include hands and feet as a weapon category. Source: School Crime Incident Report for South Carolina Public Schools June 2000 through May 2001, South Carolina Department of Education. 180 Weapon Involvement in South Carolina School Crimes, SY 01 792 132 43 39 38 15 Other Firearms Knives Other Handguns BB/Pellet Gun Blunt objects 181 RESPONSES TO JUVENILE CRIME The South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) serves as the state's designated juvenile justice agency. The Family Court is the arm of the state's judicial system that disposes of most juvenile cases. DJJ supports the Family Court system by providing intake services, diversion programs, and probation and aftercare supervision. DJJ operates the Reception and Evaluation (R&E) Center as well as all the state’s long term correctional facilities. The R&E Center temporarily holds juveniles committed by the Family Court between the adjudicatory and dispositional hearings for comprehensive diagnostic testing and treatment recommendations. DJJ also operates or contracts a number of programs designed to serve as noninstitutional alternatives which include marine institutes, family preservation services, and group homes. 183 Property offenses accounted for 19.6% of all referrals to DJJ. Among other criminal offenses, contempt of court and simple assault and battery were the most commonly occurring offenses. DJJ REFFERALS BY OFFENSE CATEGORY FY 00 Offense Number Percentage 32.4% 19.6% 15.4% 15.3% 8.9% 5.2% 3.2% 100.0% Other Criminal Offenses 9,393 Property Offenses 5,681 Status Offenses 4,451 Public Order 4,419 Administrative Probation/ Parole Violations 2,588 Offenses Against Person 1,512 Pick up Orders 925 Total 28,969 Source: South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report FY 1999-00. 184 South Carolina Juvenile Referrals by Offense FY 00 Pick-up Orders 3.2% Offenses against Persons 5.2% Administrative Probation/Parole Violations 8.9% Offenses against Public Order 15.3% Status Offenses 15.4% Property Offenses 19.6% Other Criminal Offenses 32.4% 185 South Carolina's delinquency rate in FY 00 was 77 per 1,000 children. Allendale County had the highest delinquency rate with 128 per 1,000. COUNTIES BY DELINQUENCY REFERRAL RATES: THE TEN HIGHEST FY 00 County Allendale Cherokee Charleston Marion Orangeburg Horry Greenwood Jasper York Berkeley Lancaster Rate per 1,000 149 139 114 114 113 108 105 105 105 97 97 Notes: Rate is expressed in terms of number of children per 1,000, ages 10 – 16. Berkeley and Lancaster counties tied for 10th place among the counties, resulting in eleven counties being displayed. Source: South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report FY 1999-00. 186 Juvenile Delinquency Processing Rate per 1,000 by County, FY 00 Abbeville Aiken Allendale Anderson Bamberg Barnwell Beaufort Berkeley Calhoun Charleston Cherokee Chester Chesterfield Clarendon Colleton Darlington Dillon Dorchester Edgefield Fairfield Florence Georgetown Greenville 79 69 149 74 60 52 62 97 54 114 139 48 48 34 79 71 95 79 86 58 76 68 59 Greenwood Hampton Horry Jasper Kershaw Lancaster Laurens Lee Lexington McCormick Marion Marlboro Newberry Oconee Orangeburg Pickens Richland Saluda Spartanburg Sumter Union Williamsburg York 105 53 108 105 52 97 71 44 81 61 114 92 66 40 113 52 44 55 71 51 73 55 105 Source: South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report FY 1999-00. 187 A total of 28,969 juvenile cases were referred to South Carolina solicitors in FY 00, representing a 2.4% decrease from FY 99. REFERRALS TO THE SOLICITOR Fiscal Year 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Cases Referred 10,948 11,127 12,507 16,436 16,382 17,856 18,821 19,435 21,608 22,883 22,505 24,767 26,246 26,276 27,690 28,057 29,670 28,969 Change From Prior Year +16.4% +12.4% +31.4% -0.3% +9.0% +5.4% +3.3% +11.2% +5.9% -1.7% +10.1% +6.0% +0.1% +5.4% +1.3% +5.7% -2.4% Sources: South Carolina Department of Youth Services Annual Statistical Reports, South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Reports. 188 Juvenile Cases Referred to South Carolina Solicitors 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 189 Probation was the most common disposition in South Carolina's family courts during FY 00, 57% of juvenile cases resulted in probation supervision. JUDICIAL DISPOSITIONS IN FAMILY COURT FY 00 Disposition Probation DJJ Commitment School Order Other Dismissed Percentage 57% 15% 14% 9% 5% Source: South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report FY 1999-00. 190 Judicial Dispositions in South Carolina Family Court, FY 00 Dismissed 5% Other 9% School Order 14% DJJ Commitment 15% Probation 57% 191 The number of admissions to the DJJ Reception and Evaluation Center decreased 17.1% from FY 99 to FY 00. RECEPTION & EVALUATION CENTER ADMISSIONS Fiscal Year 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Admissions 1,725 1,460 1,439 1,709 1,466 1,573 1,733 1,633 1,677 1,422 1,810 1,966 1,918 1,974 2,103 2,093 2,126 2,343 2,380 2,582 2,734 2,266 Change From Prior Year -15.4% +1.4% +18.8% -14.2% +7.3% +10.2% -5.8% +2.7% -15.2% +27.3% +8.6% -2.4% +2.9% +6.5% -0.5% +1.6% +10.2% +1.6% +8.5% +5.9% -17.1% Sources: South Carolina Department of Youth Services Annual Reports, South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Reports. 192 Admissions to South Carolina's Juvenile Reception & Evaluation Center 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 80 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 193 In FY 00, there were 1,919 admissions to DJJ correctional facilities, representing a 4.4% decrease from FY 99. INSTITUTIONAL ADMISSIONS Fiscal Year 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Admissions 853 825 876 743 776 709 730 799 866 697 847 888 1,006 997 1,022 994 1,071 1,116 1,741 1,999 2,008 1,919 Change From Prior Year -3.3% +6.2% -15.2% +4.4% -8.6% +3.0% +9.5% -8.4% -19.5% +21.5% +4.8% +13.3% -0.9% +2.5% -2.7% +7.7% +4.2% +56.0% +14.8% +0.5% -4.4% Sources: South Carolina Department of Youth Services Annual Statistical Reports, South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Reports. 194 Admissions to DJJ Institutions 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 80 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 195 CRIMINAL JUSTICE FISCAL DATA This section examines three levels of government involved in direct expenditures related to the administration of justice in South Carolina: state, county and municipal. Additionally, federal criminal justice agencies operate in South Carolina, and provide federal funding to state and local units of government for fighting crime and administering justice. It is important to note that a variety of agencies have as part of their mission, criminal justice related functions, and that parts of the mission of some criminal justice agencies might be considered to be outside the realm of criminal justice. This publication does not attempt to capture and define all fiscal data related to every criminal justice function, but does attempt to provide a broad overview of criminal justice spending by presenting financial data relating to those agencies that are primarily involved in administering justice and enforcing the law. 197 The Department of Corrections had the largest appropriation among the state's criminal justice agencies for FY 02. STATE CRIMINAL JUSTICE APPROPRIATIONS FY 02 Agency Corrections Public Safety Juvenile Justice SLED Probation, Parole & Pardon Services Judicial Department Natural Resources Appropriations 362 178 98 49 44 40 17 Notes: Appropriations represent millions of dollars, rounded to the nearest million. Department of Natural Resources only includes appropriations for law enforcement. It is also important to note that appropriations do not take into account budget cuts that occur during the fiscal year. Source: 2001 Appropriations Act. 198 State Criminal Justice Agency Appropriations, FY 02 Natural Resources $17 Judicial $40 DPPPS $44 SLED $49 Juvenile Justice $98 Public Safety $178 Corrections $362 Millions 199 Appropriations for state criminal justice agencies decreased 7.5% from FY 01 to FY 02. STATE CRIMINAL JUSTICE APPROPRIATIONS Fiscal Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Appropriation $485,606,282 $530,433,777 $567,018,397 $665,272,951 $707,261,493 $753,113,257 $766,033,859 $851,871,658 $787,697,965 Change From Prior Year +9.2% +6.9% +17.3% +6.3% +6.5% +1.7% +11.2% -7.5% Notes: This includes appropriations for the Department of Corrections, the Department of Public Safety, the Department of Juvenile Justice, the Department of Probation, Parole & Pardon Services, SLED, the Judicial Department and the law enforcement appropriations for the Department of Natural Resources. It is important to note that appropriations do not take into account budget cuts that occurred during the fiscal year. Sources: Appropriations Acts, 1993 through 2001. 200 State Criminal Justice Appropriations $900 $800 $700 $600 $500 Millions $400 $300 $200 $100 $0 95 Fiscal Year 00 201 The Department of Corrections had the largest authorized work force among criminal justice agencies for FY 02, with 7,498 positions. STATE CRIMINAL JUSTICE EMPLOYMENT FY 02 Agency Corrections Public Safety Juvenile Justice Probation, Parole & Pardon Services SLED Judicial Department Natural Resources Positions 7,498 3,064 1,712 990 614 556 303 Note: Full time equivalent positions are rounded to the nearest whole number. Department of Natural Resources full time equivalent positions include only law enforcement positions. Source: 2001 Appropriations Act. 202 Authorized Positions for State Criminal Justice Agencies, FY 02 Natural Resources 303 Judicial 556 SLED 614 DPPPS 990 Juvenile Justice 1,712 Public Safety 3,064 Corrections 7,498 203 From FY 94 to FY 02, the authorized number of positions for state criminal justice agencies has increased 31%. From FY 01 to FY 02 the number of positions decreased .1%. STATE CRIMINAL JUSTICE EMPLOYMENT Fiscal Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Positions 11,253 11,832 12,343 13,739 14,137 14,391 14,578 14,750 14,737 Change From Prior Year +5.1% +3.5% +11.3% +2.9% +1.8% +1.3% +1.2% -0.1% Note: This includes authorized positions for the Department of Corrections, the Department of Public Safety, the Department of Juvenile Justice, the Department of Probation, Parole & Pardon Services, SLED, the Judicial Department, and law enforcement positions within the Department of Natural Resources. Sources: Appropriations Acts, 1993 through 2001. 204 Authorized Positions for State Criminal Justice Agencies 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 95 Fiscal Year 00 205 Both county and municipal governments spent more on law enforcement than any other criminal justice function. LOCAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURES IN SOUTH CAROLINA: FY 99 Function Corrections Judicial & Legal Law Enforcement Other Public Safety Victim Rights Total County 110.5 106.2 187.1 24.0 2.6 430.4 Municipal 2.3 17.1 217.3 8.2 0.7 245.6 Note: Expenditures represent millions of dollars, rounded to the nearest hundred thousand dollars. Sources: Annual County Financial Report, FY 1998-99, Office of Research & Statistics, Budget & Control Board. Annual Municipal Financial Report, FY 199899, Office of Research & Statistics, Budget & Control Board. 206 County and Municipal Criminal Justice Expenditures, FY 99 County 250 Municipal 200 Millions of Dollars 150 100 50 0 Law Enforcement Corrections Judicial & Legal Other Public Safety Victim Rights 207 Law enforcement is the largest area of criminal justice employment for both county and municipal governments. LOCAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE EMPLOYMENT IN SOUTH CAROLINA: FY 99 Function Corrections Judicial & Legal Law Enforcement Other Public Safety Victim Rights Total County 2,461 2,472 4,179 421 74 9,606 Municipal 28 372 4,809 187 25 5,421 Note: Number of employees is rounded to the nearest whole number (part time employees are often represented as fractions of an employee). Sources: Annual County Financial Report, FY 1998-99, Office of Research & Statistics, Budget & Control board. Annual Municipal Financial Report, FY 199899, Office of Research & Statistics, Budget & Control Board. 208 County and Municipal Criminal Justice Employment, FY 99 County 5,000 Municipal 4,000 Number of Employees 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Law Enforcement Judicial & Legal Corrections Other Public Safety Victim Rights 209 SOURCES Publications: Act No. 164 (1993) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 531. Act No. 497 (1994) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 5,129. Act No. 145 (1995) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 900. Act No. 458 (1996) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 2,874. Act No. 155 (1997) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 1,000. Act No. 419 (1998) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 2507. Act No. 100(1999) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 536. Act No. 387(2000) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, 2,691. Act No. 66(2001) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions, (unbound). Annual County Financial Report, FY 1998-99, Office of Research & Statistics, Budget & Control Board. Annual Municipal Financial Report, FY 1998-99, Office of Research & Statistics, Budget & Control Board. Crime in South Carolina, 1979 through 2000, State Law Enforcement Division. Crime in the United States (Uniform Crime Reports), 1979 through 2000. United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigations. Prisoners in 2000, Bureau of Justice Statistics. School Crime Incidents in South Carolina Public Schools June 2000 through May 2001, South Carolina Department of Education. 210 South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Report, Fiscal Years 1975 through 2000. South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report, Fiscal Years 1993 through 2000. South Carolina Department of Parole and Community Corrections Annual Report, Fiscal Years 1983 through 1985. South Carolina Department of Probation, Paroles and Pardons Annual Report, Fiscal Years 1979 through 1982. South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services Annual Report, Fiscal Years 1986 through 1994. South Carolina Department of Youth Services Annual Statistical Report, Fiscal Years 1982 through 1992. South Carolina Judicial Department Annual Report, 1979 through 1998. Unpublished data provided by: South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. South Carolina Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. South Carolina Judicial Department. South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole & Pardon Services. 211