South Carolina Criminal and Juvenile Justice Trends, 2003 (PDF)

South Carolina Criminal and Juvenile Justice Trends 2003 Prepared by: South Carolina Department of Public Safety Office of Justice Programs Statistical Analysis Center Editor: Rob McManus This publication was partially funded with $1,500 from Federal Grant Number 2003-BJ-CX-K102 from the United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Points of view or opinions stated are those of the principal researcher and do not necessarily represent the opinion or official position of the United States Department of Justice. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PART I - CRIMINAL JUSTICE OFFENSES ................................................. 3 ARRESTS ................................................. 57 JUDICIARY ............................................. 83 JAILS ....................................................... 97 CORRECTIONS..................................... 107 COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS........... 123 PART II - JUVENILE JUSTICE ARRESTS ................................................143 CRIME IN SCHOOLS ........................... 167 RESPONSES .......................................... 179 PART III - CRIMINAL JUSTICE FISCAL DATA SOURCES...............................................206 INTRODUCTION South Carolina Criminal and Juvenile Justice Trends 2003 is designed to provide basic information about criminal and juvenile justice in South Carolina. This publication also provides simple statistical information about crime rates, arrests, conviction rates, inmates, probationers and parolees. It addresses issues frequently raised about crime and seeks to clarify misconceptions about the state's criminal justice system. Most trend information in this booklet is based on data for calendar years 1975 - 2002 or the fiscal years ending in 1975 - 2002. Fiscal years are referred to by the abbreviation FY followed by the last two digits of the year in which the fiscal year ended. School years are referred to by the abbreviation SY followed by the last two digits of the year in which the school year ended. Other time frames are specifically noted. The sum of total percent columns may not equal 100 due to rounding. Copies of this report or information regarding this publication can be obtained by writing, calling or sending electronic mail requests to the following: South Carolina Department of Public Safety Office of Justice Programs Statistical Analysis Center PO Box 1993 Blythewood, South Carolina 29016 (803) 896-8717 robertmcmanus@scdps.net Alternatively, this report can be http://www.scdps.org/ojp/statistics.asp accessed at: OFFENSES CRIME INDEX: The crime index is a basic measure of crime. The offenses defined as index crimes were chosen because of their serious nature, the frequency of their occurrence, and the level of public interest. The offenses of murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault are defined as violent crimes. Breaking or entering, larceny, and motor vehicle theft are defined as property crimes. The crime index is the total of these offenses reported by law enforcement agencies to the State Law Enforcement Division (SLED). CRIME RATE: The crime rate shows the number of index crimes per 10,000 units of population. The crime rate is a measure of criminal activity that allows valid comparisons over time and among areas of differing population sizes. The formula for calculating crime rates follows below: Crime Rate = Number of Crimes x 10,000 Total Population Formula for calculating percent change: Percent change over previous year = X2-X1 X1 Where: X1= Number, rate of crimes, arrests in previous year. Where: X2= Number, rate of crimes, arrests in present year. 3 South Carolina's crime index rate decreased less than 1% from 2001 to 2002. From 1975 to 2002, the crime index rate increased 21.9%. CRIME INDEX: The crime index consists of murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, breaking or entering, larceny and motor vehicle theft. ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2001 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 216,293 218,016 +0.8% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 532.48 530.84 -0.3% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 126,335 218,016 +72.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 435.64 530.84 +21.9% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 4 South Carolina Crime Index Rate 700 600 500 Rate per 10,000 400 300 200 100 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 5 South Carolina's crime index rate has exceeded the national crime index rate since 1990. STATE & NATIONAL CRIME INDEX RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 South Carolina 435.6 464.1 460.4 465.8 478.2 531.6 527.8 533.2 481.6 470.2 491.3 520.2 528.2 553.8 573.5 604.3 620.0 602.4 598.9 616.8 612.1 620.1 615.4 580.2 547.4 529.0 532.5 530.8 United States 528.2 526.6 505.5 510.9 552.1 590.0 580.0 555.3 515.9 503.1 520.6 548.0 555.0 566.4 574.4 582.0 589.8 566.0 548.3 537.4 527.6 507.9 492.3 461.6 426.7 412.4 416.1 411.9 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 6 State and National Crime Index Rate S.C. National 700 600 500 Rate per 10,000 400 300 200 100 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 7 July had the highest reported crime index in South Carolina during 2002, while February had the lowest. CRIME INDEX BY MONTH Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Total Number 17,114 14,159 17,106 18,033 19,193 19,296 21,150 19,972 19,062 18,594 16,724 15,069 215,472 Percentage 7.9% 6.6% 7.9% 8.4% 8.9% 9.0% 9.8% 9.3% 8.8% 8.6% 7.8% 7.0% 100.0% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 8 South Carolina Crime Index by Month, 2002 25,000 20,000 15,000 Crime Index 10,000 5,000 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D Month 9 South Carolina's violent crime rate increased 3.2% from 2001 to 2002. Since 1975 the violent crime rate increased 68.5%. VIOLENT CRIME: Violent crime consists of murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault, and involves the element of personal confrontation between the victim and offender. VIOLENT CRIME ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2001 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 32,990 34,343 +4.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 81.00 83.62 +3.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 14,372 34,343 +139.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 49.64 83.62 +68.5% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 10 South Carolina Violent Crime Rate 110 100 90 80 70 Rate per 10,000 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 11 South Carolina's violent crime rate has exceeded the national violent crime rate every year since 1975. STATE & NATIONAL VIOLENT CRIME RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 South Carolina 49.6 56.5 60.6 60.8 64.1 64.5 63.6 72.1 62.3 63.1 64.1 68.4 69.3 75.8 83.5 98.4 97.7 99.8 105.6 107.2 100.7 99.8 99.4 91.1 87.3 82.3 81.0 83.6 United States 48.2 46.0 46.7 48.7 53.5 58.1 57.7 55.5 52.9 53.9 55.6 61.7 61.0 63.7 66.3 73.2 75.8 75.8 74.6 71.4 68.5 63.4 61.1 56.6 52.3 50.6 50.4 49.5 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 12 State and National Violent Crime Rates S.C. 120 National 100 80 Rate per 10,000 60 40 20 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 13 South Carolina's murder rate decreased 6.3% from 2001 to 2002. The murder rate decreased 49% from 1975 through 2002. MURDER: Murder is the willful killing of one person by another. The classification of this offense is based on police investigation as opposed to the determination of a court, medical examiner, coroner, jury or other judicial body. Deaths caused by negligence, suicide, accident or justifiable homicides are not included. MURDER ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2001 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 320 303 -5.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 0.79 0.74 -6.3% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 421 303 -28.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 1.45 0.74 -49.0% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 14 South Carolina Murder Rate 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 Rate per 10,000 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 15 South Carolina Murder Weapons 2002 1975 1.4% Hands/Feet 6.3% 14.3% Knife 10.9% 10.7% Other Weapons 16.8% 19.7% Other Firearms 23.3% 53.9% Handgun 42.7% 16 Relationship of Murder Victims to Offenders in South Carolina 2002 1979 7.4% Unknown 15.5% 26.8% Family 18.8% 15.6% Stranger 16.8% 50.3% Known to Victim 48.8% 17 South Carolina’s murder rate has exceeded the national murder rate every year since 1996. STATE & NATIONAL MURDER RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 South Carolina 1.45 1.11 1.12 1.11 1.19 1.11 1.04 1.09 1.00 .94 .93 .87 .95 .96 .94 1.11 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.00 .79 .94 .85 .79 .73 .74 .79 .74 United States .96 .88 .88 .90 .97 1.02 .98 .91 .83 .79 .79 .86 .83 .84 .87 .94 .98 .95 .93 .90 .82 .74 .68 .63 .57 .55 .56 .56 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 18 State and National Murder Rates S.C. 1.6 National 1.4 1.2 1.0 Rate per 10,000 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 75 80 85 90 95 00 Year 19 South Carolina's rape rate increased 13.8% from 2001 to 2002. From 1975 to 2002, the rape rate increased 93%. RAPE: Forcible rape is the carnal knowledge of a person, forcibly and against their will. Assaults or attempts to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included; however statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses are excluded. RAPE ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2001 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 1,764 2,016 +14.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 4.34 4.94 +13.8% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 741 2,016 +172.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 2.56 4.94 +93.0% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 20 South Carolina Rape Rate 7 6 5 Rate per 10,000 4 3 2 1 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 21 Relationship of Rape Victims to Offenders in South Carolina 2002 1979 2.1% Unknown 8.6% 41.5% Stranger 15.4% 9.1% Family 17.0% 47.4% Known to Victim 59.1% 22 South Carolina Rape Victims by Location 2002 1979 Commercial 6.3% 2.1% Hotels/Motels 2.4% 5.2% Woods 8.1% 4.6% Other 5.8% 8.3% Highway 21.9% 8.9% Residence 53.2% 70.9% 23 South Carolina's rape rate has exceeded the national rape rate since 1982. STATE & NATIONAL RAPE RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 South Carolina 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.5 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.8 5.4 6.0 6.3 5.5 5.7 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.9 United States 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 24 State and National Rape Rates S.C. 7 National 6 5 Rate per 10,000 4 3 2 1 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 25 South Carolina's robbery rate decreased 1.9% from 2001 to 2002. Since 1975 the robbery rate has increased 35.3%. ROBBERY: Robbery is the taking or attempted taking of anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or the threat of force, by violence, or by putting the victim in fear. ROBBERY ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2001 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 5,961 5,914 -0.8% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 14.68 14.40 -1.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 3,087 5,914 +91.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 10.64 14.40 +35.3% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 26 South Carolina Robbery Rate 20 18 16 14 12 Rate per 10,000 10 8 6 4 2 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 27 Weapon Use in South Carolina Robberies 2002 1979 12.4% Knife 8.3% 9.6% Other Weapons 10.4% 40.9% Hands/Feet 30.6% 37.1% Firearms 50.7% 28 South Carolina Robberies by Location 2002 1979 7.6% Other 15.4% 13.5% Service/Conv. Store 13.1% 15.6% Residences 23.7% 29.8% Commercial 18.7% 33.5% Highways 29.1% 29 The national robbery rate has exceeded South Carolina’s robbery rate each of the past two years. STATE & NATIONAL ROBBERY RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 South Carolina 10.6 10.0 10.1 9.7 10.2 11.6 12.0 12.3 10.6 10.4 9.5 10.1 10.3 12.7 13.4 15.2 17.1 17.8 19.3 19.1 17.9 17.0 17.2 15.4 15.6 15.3 14.7 14.4 United States 21.8 19.6 18.7 19.1 21.2 24.4 25.1 23.2 21.4 20.5 20.9 22.5 21.3 22.1 23.3 25.7 27.3 26.4 25.6 23.8 22.1 20.2 18.6 16.5 15.0 14.5 14.9 14.6 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 30 State and National Robbery Rates S.C. 30 National 25 20 Rate per 10,000 15 10 5 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 31 South Carolina's aggravated assault rate increased 3.9% from 2001 to 2002. The aggravated assault rate has increased 82.1% from 1975 to 2002. AGGRAVATED ASSAULT: Aggravated assault is an unlawful attack for the purpose of inflicting serious bodily injury. This assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. Attempted aggravated assaults are also included. AGGRAVATED ASSAULT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2001 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 24,855 26,110 +5.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 61.19 63.57 +3.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 10,123 26,110 +157.9% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 34.91 63.57 +82.1% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 32 South Carolina Aggravated Assault Rate 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 33 Weapon Use in South Carolina Aggravated Assaults 2002 1979 29.6% Firearms 20.8% 11.2% Hands/Feet 24.3% 28.4% Knives 20.5% 30.9% Other Weapons 34.4% 34 Relationship of Victims to Offenders in South Carolina Aggravated Assaults 2002 1987 6.7% Unknown 10.1% 16.7% Stranger 12.0% 22.6% Family 27.6% 54.0% Known to Victim 50.3% 35 South Carolina's aggravated assault rate has exceeded the national aggravated assault rate every year since 1975. STATE & NATIONAL AGGRAVATED ASSAULT RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 South Carolina 34.9 42.4 46.2 46.6 49.5 48.2 47.0 54.9 47.1 47.6 49.4 53.2 53.6 57.8 64.4 76.7 73.4 74.6 79.6 81.4 77.0 76.8 75.4 70.2 66.6 62.1 61.2 63.6 United States 22.7 22.9 24.2 25.6 27.9 29.1 28.1 28.1 27.3 29.0 30.3 34.6 35.1 37.0 38.3 42.4 43.3 44.2 44.0 43.0 41.8 38.8 38.2 36.1 33.6 32.4 31.9 31.0 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 36 State and National Aggravated Assault Rates S.C. National 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 37 South Carolina's property crime rate decreased less than 1% from 2001 to 2002. From 1975 to 2002, the property crime rate increased 15.8%. PROPERTY CRIME: Property crimes include the offenses of breaking or entering, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. PROPERTY CRIME ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2001 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 183,393 183,673 +0.2% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 451.48 447.22 -0.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 111,963 183,673 +64.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 386.08 447.22 +15.8% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 38 South Carolina Property Crime Rate 600 500 400 Rate per 10,000 300 200 100 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 39 South Carolina's property crime rate has exceeded the national property crime rate since 1991. STATE & NATIONAL PROPERTY CRIME RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 South Carolina 386.1 407.6 399.8 405.1 414.1 467.1 464.3 461.1 419.3 407.1 427.3 451.8 459.0 477.9 490.0 505.9 522.4 502.7 493.3 512.3 511.4 520.3 515.9 489.1 460.2 446.7 451.5 447.2 United States 480.0 480.7 458.8 462.2 498.6 531.9 522.3 499.8 463.0 449.2 465.1 486.3 494.0 502.7 508.1 508.9 514.0 490.3 473.7 465.8 459.1 444.5 431.2 404.9 374.4 361.8 365.6 362.4 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 40 State and National Property Crime Rates S.C. 600 National 500 400 Rate per 10,000 300 200 100 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 41 South Carolina's breaking or entering rate increased 2.2% from 2001 to 2002. Since 1975, the breaking or entering rate has decreased 34.9%. BREAKING OR ENTERING: Breaking or entering is the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. The use of force to gain entry is not required to classify an offense as breaking or entering. BREAKING OR ENTERING ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2001 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 41,453 42,829 +3.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 102.05 104.28 +2.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 46,476 42,829 -7.8% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 160.26 104.28 -34.9% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 42 South Carolina Breaking or Entering Rates 175 150 125 Rate per 10,000 100 75 50 25 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 43 South Carolina's breaking or entering rate has exceeded the national rate every year since 1986. STATE & NATIONAL BREAKING OR ENTERING RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 South Carolina 160.3 147.1 153.7 142.6 142.2 163.2 158.4 145.9 130.8 124.2 127.3 135.7 138.5 144.9 142.1 137.7 145.9 138.8 129.9 128.6 126.5 126.4 122.2 115.4 104.2 98.0 102.1 104.3 United States 152.6 143.9 141.1 142.4 149.9 166.8 163.2 147.5 133.4 126.4 128.7 134.5 133.0 130.9 127.6 123.6 125.2 116.8 109.9 104.2 98.7 94.3 92.0 86.2 77.0 72.8 74.1 74.6 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 44 State and National Breaking or Entering Rates S.C. 180 National 160 140 120 Rate per 10,000 100 80 60 40 20 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 45 South Carolina's larceny rate decreased 2.2% from 2001 to 2002. Since 1975, the larceny rate has increased 49.9%. LARCENY: Larceny is the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. It includes crimes such as shoplifting, pocket-picking, purse snatching, thefts from motor vehicles, thefts of motor vehicle parts, and accessories in which no use of force, violence or fraud occurs. This crime category does not include embezzlement, con games, forgery, worthless checks, or motor vehicle theft. LARCENY ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2001 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 125,443 124,059 -1.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 308.82 302.07 -2.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 58,422 124,059 +112.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 201.46 302.07 +49.9% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 46 South Carolina Larceny Rate 400 350 300 250 Rate per 10,000 200 150 100 50 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 47 South Carolina's larceny rate has exceeded the national larceny rate since 1990. STATE & NATIONAL LARCENY RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 South Carolina 201.5 236.8 222.7 236.2 243.9 273.9 278.5 287.4 264.3 258.8 273.6 288.1 291.9 301.8 313.0 329.7 337.8 326.3 326.4 341.9 346.1 351.5 352.1 332.0 318.4 310.3 308.8 302.1 United States 280.5 292.1 273.0 274.4 298.8 315.6 312.2 307.0 286.7 279.1 290.1 301.0 308.1 313.5 317.0 319.5 322.9 310.3 303.2 302.5 304.4 297.6 288.7 272.8 255.1 247.5 248.5 244.6 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 48 State and National Larceny Rates S.C. 400 National 350 300 250 Rate per 10,000 200 150 100 50 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 49 South Carolina's motor vehicle theft rate increased less than 1% from 2001 to 2002, and has increased 67.8% since 1975. MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT: Motor vehicle theft is the stealing or attempted stealing of a motor vehicle, including automobiles, trucks, buses, motorcycles, motor-scooters, snowmobiles, etc. This definition excludes the unauthorized taking of motor vehicles for temporary use by those having lawful access. MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2001 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 16,497 16,785 +1.7% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 40.61 40.87 +0.6% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1975 2002 % Change Number of Offenses 7,065 16,785 +137.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 24.36 40.87 +67.8% Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 50 South Carolina Motor Vehicle Theft Rate 45 40 35 30 Rate per 10,000 25 20 15 10 5 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 51 South Carolina's motor vehicle theft rate has been lower than the national motor vehicle theft rate every year since 1975. STATE & NATIONAL MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT RATES Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 South Carolina 24.4 23.8 23.4 26.3 28.0 29.9 27.3 27.8 24.2 24.1 26.3 28.0 28.7 31.2 35.0 38.5 38.7 37.6 37.0 39.0 38.8 42.4 41.7 41.7 37.6 38.4 40.6 40.9 United States 46.9 44.8 44.8 45.5 49.9 49.5 46.9 45.3 42.9 43.7 46.2 50.8 52.9 58.3 63.4 65.8 65.9 63.2 60.5 59.1 56.1 52.6 50.6 45.9 42.3 41.4 43.1 43.2 Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division, Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation. 52 State and National Motor Vehicle Rates S.C. 70 National 60 50 Rate per 10,000 40 30 20 10 0 75 80 85 Year 90 95 00 53 South Carolina Index Crime Count Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 741 888 942 1,026 1,002 1,143 1,144 1,244 1,143 1,328 1,383 1,395 1,506 1,492 1,649 1,866 2,115 2,251 1,997 2,084 1,820 1,833 1,905 1,793 1,720 1,688 1,764 2,016 3,087 2,938 3,021 2,934 3,134 3,608 3,788 3,922 3,414 3,398 3,143 3,357 3,465 4,333 4,608 5,303 6,097 6,399 7,017 6,954 6,573 6,252 6,514 5,921 6,049 6,134 5,961 5,914 10,123 12,471 13,818 14,179 15,273 15,501 14,892 17,547 15,203 15,538 16,274 17,731 18,041 19,636 22,176 26,750 26,116 26,807 28,905 29,664 28,287 28,234 28,647 26,951 25,865 24,991 24,855 26,110 Year Murder 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 421 327 336 337 368 346 331 348 321 305 306 291 319 325 325 388 408 402 400 366 292 332 321 305 285 297 320 303 B&E Larceny 46,476 43,246 45,941 43,356 43,893 50,963 50,232 46,675 42,166 40,528 41,925 45,218 46,651 49,278 48,922 48,017 51,887 49,895 47,143 46,846 46,452 46,523 45,934 44,319 40,475 39,406 41,453 42,829 58,422 69,639 66,572 71,829 75,298 85,510 88,319 91,929 85,251 84,412 90,103 96,004 98,325 102,622 107,802 114,925 120,139 117,280 118,426 124,567 127,131 129,128 132,378 127,486 123,723 124,832 125,443 124,059 MVT 7,065 6,995 6,986 7,991 8,643 9,347 8,670 8,890 7,808 7,853 8,665 9,331 9,651 10,601 12,036 13,420 13,781 13,532 13,444 14,201 14,256 15,675 15,673 16,013 14,617 15,455 16,497 16,785 Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 54 South Carolina Index Crime Rates Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 2.56 3.02 3.15 3.37 3.25 3.66 3.61 3.89 3.54 4.07 4.20 4.19 4.47 4.39 4.79 5.35 5.95 6.26 5.50 5.72 4.96 4.96 5.07 4.67 4.43 4.20 4.34 4.91 10.64 9.99 10.11 9.65 10.15 11.56 11.95 12.26 10.59 10.42 9.54 10.08 10.28 12.74 13.38 15.21 17.14 17.80 19.33 19.09 17.90 16.90 17.32 15.42 15.57 15.25 14.68 14.40 34.91 42.40 46.23 46.63 49.48 48.21 46.96 54.85 47.14 47.63 49.42 53.21 53.55 57.75 64.39 76.74 73.42 74.57 79.63 81.43 77.01 76.33 76.19 70.18 66.56 62.12 61.19 63.57 Year Murder 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 1.45 1.11 1.12 1.11 1.19 1.11 1.04 1.09 1.00 .94 .93 .87 .95 .96 .94 1.11 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.00 .79 .90 .85 .79 .73 .74 .79 .74 B&E Larceny 160.26 147.05 153.70 142.57 142.19 163.24 158.41 145.90 130.75 124.24 127.32 135.71 138.47 144.94 142.05 137.74 145.87 138.79 129.87 128.59 126.47 125.77 122.16 115.41 104.16 97.95 102.05 104.28 201.46 236.79 222.72 236.20 243.92 273.89 278.52 287.37 264.34 258.77 273.62 288.13 291.85 301.83 313.01 329.68 337.75 326.23 326.41 341.94 346.12 349.09 352.07 331.99 318.38 310.30 308.82 302.07 MVT 24.36 23.78 23.37 26.28 28.00 29.94 27.34 27.97 42.41 24.07 26.31 28.00 28.65 31.18 34.95 38.50 38.74 37.64 37.04 38.98 38.81 42.38 41.68 41.70 37.61 38.41 40.61 40.87 Note: Crime rates are expressed per 10,000 unit of population. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 55 56 ARRESTS Arrest counts provide a measure of law enforcement's response to crime and also provide descriptive data concerning offenders. Arrest practices, policies, and enforcement emphases vary from place to place and even within a community over time. The arrest practices for certain unlawful conduct such as drunkenness, disorderly conduct, vagrancy, and related violations may differ among agencies. But the practices for robbery, burglary, and other serious crime arrests are more likely to be uniform and consistent throughout all jurisdictions. Uniform Crime Reporting procedures require that an arrest be counted on each separate occasion a person is taken into custody, notified, or cited. Annual arrest figures do not measure the number of individuals arrested, since one person may be arrested several times during the year for the same or different offenses (Crime in the United States). Statewide arrest data were not available for 2001, so the most recent statewide arrest data are presented in this section. 57 South Carolina's arrest rate for the crime index increased 2.2% from 2000 to 2002. From 1976 through 2002, there has been a 1.3% decrease in the arrest rate for the crime index. INDEX CRIME: The crime index consists of murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, breaking or entering, larceny and motor vehicle theft. CRIME INDEX ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 34,715 35,843 +1.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 85.40 87.27 +2.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 24,894 35,843 +44.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 88.40 87.27 -1.3% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 58 South Carolina Crime Index Arrest Rate 120 100 80 Rate per 10,000 60 40 20 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 59 South Carolina's violent crime arrest rate increased 3.7% from 2000 to 2002. From 1976 through 2002, the violent crime arrest rate has increased 28.3%. VIOLENT CRIME: Violent crime consists of murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault, and involves the element of personal confrontation between the victim and offender. VIOLENT CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 11,607 12,193 +5.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 28.63 29.69 +3.7% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 6,519 12,193 +87.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 23.15 29.69 +28.3% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 60 South Carolina Violent Crime Arrest Rate 40 35 30 25 Rate per 10,000 20 15 10 5 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 61 South Carolina's property crime arrest rate increased 1.4% from 2000 to 2002. From 1976 through 2002, the property crime arrest rate has decreased 11.8%. PROPERTY CRIME: Property crime consists of the offenses of breaking or entering, larceny and motor vehicle theft. PROPERTY CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 23,108 23,650 +2.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 56.78 57.58 +1.4% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 18,375 23,650 +28.7% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 65.25 57.58 -11.8% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 62 South Carolina Property Crime Arrest Rate 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 63 South Carolina Index Crime Arrest Count Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 433 434 457 497 452 462 532 526 570 632 653 685 651 699 721 884 967 804 801 624 665 727 702 682 592 NA 771 1,019 4,720 902 4,044 900 4,000 950 4,281 1,035 4,836 1,115 4,314 1,048 4,124 1,041 3,483 945 3,520 818 3,961 934 4,274 883 3,985 1,011 4,420 1,052 4,726 1,180 5,707 1,661 6,465 1,651 7,069 1,878 7,736 1,854 8,518 1,695 8,254 1,808 9,488 2,146 10,265 1,763 9,625 1,767 9,392 1,802 8,903 NA NA 1,668 9,459 Year Murder 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 347 346 356 403 378 307 361 334 283 323 289 288 336 310 397 463 467 476 447 340 355 358 355 306 310 NA 295 B&E Larceny 5,979 5,333 5,635 5,806 6,734 6,957 6,556 5,810 5,523 5,353 5,664 5,356 5,783 5,758 5,870 6,967 6,864 6,325 6,188 5,605 6,011 6,272 5,439 5,016 4,691 NA 4,790 11,393 10,832 11,325 12,037 13,516 14,679 15,725 14,680 14,206 14,353 15,218 14,688 15,661 16,221 18,067 19,959 18,636 18,536 19,818 19,619 21,275 20,753 19,644 18,529 17,527 NA 17,856 MVT 1,003 797 890 940 904 824 771 679 716 823 964 852 1,050 1,207 1,362 1,578 1,644 1,368 1,319 1,057 1,173 1,038 949 929 890 NA 1,004 Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 64 South Carolina Index Crime Arrest Rates Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 1.54 1.53 1.59 1.70 1.45 1.46 1.66 1.63 1.75 1.92 1.96 20.3 1.91 2.03 2.06 2.49 2.69 2.21 2.19 2.00 1.79 1.93 1.83 1.76 1.47 NA 1.88 3.62 3.18 3.13 3.26 3.32 3.52 3.28 3.23 2.90 2.48 2.80 2.62 2.97 3.05 3.37 4.67 4.59 5.17 5.06 5.43 4.86 5.71 4.59 4.55 4.48 NA 4.06 16.76 14.24 13.90 14.67 15.49 13.60 12.89 10.80 10.79 12.03 12.83 11.83 13.00 13.72 16.31 18.18 19.66 21.31 23.25 26.10 25.53 27.30 25.07 24.17 22.13 NA 23.03 Year Murder 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 1.21 1.22 1.24 1.38 1.21 .97 1.13 1.04 .87 .98 .87 .85 .99 .90 1.13 1.30 1.30 1.31 1.22 1.05 .96 .95 .87 .79 .77 NA .72 B&E Larceny 21.23 18.78 19.58 19.90 21.57 21.94 20.49 18.02 16.93 16.26 17.00 15.90 17.01 16.72 16.78 19.59 19.09 17.42 16.89 17.67 16.17 16.68 14.16 12.91 11.66 NA 29.69 40.46 38.14 39.35 41.25 43.29 46.29 49.16 45.52 43.55 43.59 45.67 43.60 46.06 47.10 51.63 56.11 51.84 51.06 54.09 61.11 57.25 55.19 51.16 47.68 43.57 NA 11.66 MVT 3.56 2.81 3.09 3.22 2.90 2.60 2.41 2.11 2.19 2.50 2.89 2.53 3.09 3.50 3.89 4.44 4.57 3.77 3.60 3.30 3.16 2.76 2.47 2.39 2.21 NA 43.48 Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 65 South Carolina's simple assault arrest rate decreased 13.1% from 2000 to 2002. From 1976 through 2002, the simple assault arrest rate has increased 268.5%. SIMPLE ASSAULT: An unlawful attack upon a person where the offender does not display a weapon, and the victim does not suffer severe or aggravated bodily injury. SIMPLE ASSAULT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 24,901 22,085 -11.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 61.90 53.77 -13.1% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 4,108 22,085 +437.6% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 14.59 53.77 +268.5% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 66 South Carolina Simple Assault Arrest Rate 70 60 50 Rate per 10,000 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 67 South Carolina's arrest rate for fraud and bad checks increased 3.8% from 2000 to 2002. From 1976 through 2002 the arrest rate for fraud and bad checks increased 588.6%. FRAUD & BAD CHECKS: The intentional perversion of the truth for the purpose of inducing a person or other entity to part with something of value to include the writing and passing of bad checks. This does not include the offenses of counterfeiting or forgery. FRAUD & BAD CHECKS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 29,403 31,165 +6.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 73.09 75.88 +3.8% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 3,102 31,165 +904.7% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 11.02 75.88 +588.6% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 68 South Carolina Fraud & Bad Check Arrest Rate 100 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 69 South Carolina's arrest rate for weapons law violations decreased 7.2% from 2000 to 2002. From 1976 through 2002, the arrest rate has decreased 32.3%. WEAPONS LAW VIOLATIONS: The violation of laws prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, transportation, possession, concealment or use of firearms, cutting instruments, explosives, or other deadly weapons. WEAPONS LAW VIOLATIONS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 2,725 2,581 -5.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 6.77 6.28 -7.2% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 2,611 2,581 -1.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 9.27 6.28 -32.3% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 70 South Carolina Weapons Offense Arrest Rate 12 10 8 Rate per 10,000 6 4 2 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 71 South Carolina's drug law arrest rate decreased 1.9% from 2000 to 2002. From 1976 through 2002, the arrest rate increased 171%. DRUG LAWS: The drug law arrest rate includes arrests for crimes related to the possession, distribution or manufacture of illegal narcotic substances. DRUG LAWS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 28,729 28,774 +0.2% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 71.41 70.06 -1.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 7,280 28,774 +295.2% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 25.85 70.06 +171.0% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 72 South Carolina Drug Law Arrest Rate 80 70 60 50 Rate per 10,000 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 73 South Carolina's D.U.I. arrest rate decreased 6.3% from 2000 to 2002. From 1976 through 2002, the D.U.I. arrest rate has decreased 48.4%. DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE: D.U.I. consists of driving or operating a motor vehicle while mentally or physically impaired as the result of using alcohol, legal drugs, illegal drugs or narcotics. DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 14,025 13,415 -4.3% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 34.86 32.66 -6.3% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 17,839 13,415 -24.8% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 63.35 32.66 -48.4% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 74 South Carolina DUI Arrest Rate 80 70 60 50 Rate per 10,000 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 75 South Carolina's liquor law arrest rate decreased 31.9% from 2000 to 2002. From 1976 through 2002, the liquor law arrest rate has increased 76.8%. LIQUOR LAWS: Violation of laws pertaining to the manufacture, sale, or distribution of alcoholic beverages. LIQUOR LAWS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 17,017 11,830 -30.5% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 42.3 28.8 -31.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 4,586 11,830 +158.0% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 16.29 28.80 +76.8% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 76 South Carolina Liquor Law Arrest Rate 60 50 40 Rate per 10,000 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 77 South Carolina's drunkenness arrest rate increased 1.7% from 2000 to 2002 and has decreased 83.6% since 1976. DRUNKENNESS: To drink alcoholic beverages to the extent that one's mental faculties and physical coordination are substantially impaired. This offense includes the offenses of drunk and disorderly, common drunkard, habitual drunkard, and intoxication. DRUNKENNESS ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 8,964 9,472 -5.7% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 22.68 23.06 +1.7% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 39,617 9,472 -76.1% Rate Per 10,000 Inhabitants 140.69 23.06 -83.6% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 78 South Carolina Drunkeness Arrest Rate 160 140 120 100 Rate per 10,000 80 60 40 20 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 79 South Carolina Selected Offense Arrest Count Simple Fraud / Year Assault ChecksWeapons 1976 4,108 1977 5,189 1978 6,373 1979 6,612 1980 7,269 1981 7,814 1982 8,721 1983 8,813 1984 9,435 1985 11,532 1986 12,769 1987 13,069 1988 14,086 1989 15,486 1990 17,801 1991 14,379 1992 13,907 1993 17,687 1994 20,694 1995 24,409 1996 24,469 1997 25,753 1998 26,385 1999 25,880 2000 24,901 2001 NA 2002 22,085 3,102 3,528 4,340 7,047 11,363 12,565 12,788 13,148 14,890 19,328 22,689 22,718 23,579 22,881 24,284 30,492 29,446 30,187 31,995 32,943 35,305 32,573 27,294 29,790 29,403 NA 31,165 2,611 2,435 1,959 2,006 1,837 1,930 2,039 1,770 1,839 1,962 2,252 2,203 2,602 2,923 3,278 3,416 3,423 4,319 4,283 3,463 3,160 3,124 3,243 3,022 2,752 NA 2,581 Drug Laws 7,280 6,707 6,145 6,299 7,687 10,135 10,016 9,020 10,083 11,165 11,014 12,187 14,616 16,734 15,585 14,506 15,199 17,464 20,742 21,399 22,660 24,405 26,961 28,397 28,729 NA 28,774 Liquor Laws 4,586 5,460 4,621 4,346 4,392 4,512 4,595 4,747 9,576 10,990 12,539 14,858 15,775 16,369 17,751 14,676 13,074 11,851 13,970 14,463 11,712 13,453 13,938 17,277 17,017 NA 11,830 DUI 17,839 19,334 19,383 18,785 18,473 19,089 20,718 23,959 21,600 21,908 23,039 21,843 23,914 25,561 27,415 23,302 19,945 18,905 17,813 16,488 15,799 14,732 13,991 14,246 14,025 NA 13,415 Drunk 39,617 40,741 37,049 31,407 32,085 28,912 29,101 28,829 27,190 25,153 25,883 23,143 22,666 22,856 24,378 19,666 16,582 15,072 14,080 12,818 10,569 10,393 10,440 9,456 9,126 NA 9,472 Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 80 South Carolina Selected Offense Arrest Rates Simple Fraud / Year Assault ChecksWeapons 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 14.59 18.27 22.14 22.66 23.28 24.64 27.26 27.33 28.92 35.02 38.32 38.79 41.43 44.97 50.87 40.42 38.68 48.72 56.48 66.46 65.83 68.49 68.71 66.60 61.90 NA 53.77 11.02 12.42 15.08 24.15 36.40 39.62 39.97 40.77 45.65 58.69 68.09 67.43 69.35 66.44 69.40 85.72 81.91 83.16 87.32 89.69 94.98 86.63 71.08 76.66 73.09 NA 75.88 9.27 8.57 6.81 6.87 5.88 6.09 6.37 5.49 5.64 5.96 6.76 6.54 7.65 8.49 9.37 9.60 9.52 11.90 11.69 9.43 8.50 8.31 8.45 7.78 6.77 NA 6.28 Drug Laws 25.85 23.62 21.35 21.59 24.62 31.96 31.31 27.97 30.91 33.91 33.06 36.17 42.99 48.59 44.54 40.78 42.28 48.11 56.61 58.26 60.96 64.91 70.21 73.08 71.41 NA 70.06 Liquor Laws 16.29 19.23 16.06 14.89 14.07 14.23 14.36 14.72 29.36 33.37 37.63 44.10 46.40 47.53 50.73 41.26 36.37 32.65 38.13 39.38 31.51 35.78 36.30 44.46 42.30 NA 28.80 DUI 63.35 68.08 67.35 64.38 59.17 60.20 64.76 74.29 66.22 66.53 69.14 64.84 70.34 74.22 78.35 65.51 55.48 52.08 48.62 44.89 42.50 39.18 36.43 36.66 34.86 NA 32.66 Drunk 140.69 143.45 128.73 107.63 102.77 91.18 90.97 89.39 83.35 76.38 77.68 68.69 66.66 66.36 69.67 55.29 46.13 41.52 38.43 34.90 28.43 27.64 27.19 24.33 22.68 NA 23.06 Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 81 82 JUDICIARY The judicial system of South Carolina consists of several different levels of courts. These courts include the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, the circuit courts (both General Sessions and Common Pleas), the family courts, the magisterial courts, the municipal courts, the probate courts, and the master-in-equity courts. The prosecutorial system consists of the circuit solicitors and the Office of the Attorney General. The defense component includes public defender corporations, court appointed counsel, retained counsel, and the Office of Appellate Defense (S.C. Judicial Department). Court data presented in the following pages represent activity on the part of the circuit, magisterial and municipal courts. Data for magistrate and municipal courts were only available through FY 2001. 83 The number of cases filed in South Carolina’s Court of General Sessions decreased less than 1% from FY 01 to FY 02. GENERAL SESSIONS COURT FILINGS AND DISPOSITIONS Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Filings 101,461 109,580 113,289 114,501 102,829 109,419 111,528 113,722 118,640 113,278 114,358 108,010 107,423 Dispositions 91,633 97,132 109,514 118,603 106,873 108,222 110,959 111,418 112,123 113,897 116,348 117,790 115,961 Pending End of Year 48,756 62,419 67,452 65,478 63,955 66,833 70,175 75,319 79,565 81,605 83,881 78,610 73,859 Note: Years 1990 through 1996 represent data collected over the corresponding calendar year. Subsequent years represent data collected over the corresponding fiscal year. Sources: South Carolina Judicial Department Annual Reports, and Statistical Summaries. Unpublished data, South Carolina Judicial Department. 84 Conviction Rate in South Carolina General Sessions Court Cases Convictions 50% Non-convictions Other 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 90 95 Year 00 85 Of all the indictments disposed of in South Carolina's Court of General Sessions during FY 2002, 43.6% resulted in convictions. OUTCOME OF SOUTH CAROLINA GENERAL SESSIONS COURT CASES Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Convictions 45.0% 46.2% 46.4% 45.5% 45.1% 46.5% 48.1% 47.2% 47.0% 47.3% 46.8% 41.6% 43.6% Nonconvictions 43.1% 40.6% 40.7% 43.0% 43.3% 42.8% 41.7% 42.6% 43.4% 42.6% 43.7% 46.7% 45.5% Other 11.9% 13.2% 12.9% 11.5% 11.6% 11.7% 10.2% 10.2% 9.5% 10.2% 9.5% 11.7% 10.8% Note: Years 1990 through 1996 represent data collected over the corresponding calendar year. Subsequent years represent data collected over the corresponding fiscal year. Sources: South Carolina Judicial Department Annual Reports and Statistical Summaries. Unpublished data, South Carolina Judicial Department. 86 Disposition of Indictments in South Carolina General Sessions Court Convictions 50% Non-convictions Other 40% Percent of Dispositions 30% 20% 10% 0% 90 95 Year 00 87 Guilty pleas accounted for 43% of all the Court of General Sessions dispositions in FY 02. DISPOSITION TYPE FOR SOUTH CAROLINA GENERAL SESSIONS CASES IN FY 02 Disposition Number Percentage 43.0% 39.8% 10.8% 5.3% 0.6% 0.3% 0.2% 100.0% Guilty Pleas 48,386 Nol Proseque 44,720 Other Dispositions 12,200 PTI/Judicial Commitment 5,925 Guilty at Trial 692 Not Guilty at Trial 302 Judicial Dismissals 222 Total 112,447 Note: Other Dispositions include those dismissed at preliminary hearing, no bill by grand jury, remanded, failure to appear and judicial dispositions Source: Unpublished data, South Carolina Judicial Department. 88 General Sessions Court Dispositions by Outcome FY 02 Judicial Dismissal 0.2% Not Guilty: Trial 0.3% Guilty: Trial 0.6% PTI 5.3% Other 10.8% Nol Pros 39.8% Guilty Pleas 43.0% 89 Traffic cases, other than driving under the influence, made up 76.8% of magistrate court dispositions in FY 01. FY 01 CRIMINAL DISPOSITIONS BY CASE TYPE Case Type Traffic Criminal DUI Total Number 743,054 212,646 11,228 966,928 Percentage 76.8% 22.0% 1.2% 100.0% Source: Unpublished material, South Carolina Judicial Department. 90 South Carolina Magistrate Court Cases by Type FY 01 76.8% 22.0% 1.2% Traffic Criminal DUI 91 Of the criminal cases processed through South Carolina's magistrate court during FY 01, 56% resulted in a guilty verdict by bench trial. MAGISTRATE COURT DISPOSITIONS, FY 01 Case Type Guilty (bench trial) Transferred, other Bond forefiture Not guilty (bench trial) Nol Prosse Continued Guilty (jury trial) Not guilty (jury trial) Total Number 99,368 29,302 22,769 13,172 7,455 4,244 692 448 177,450 Percentage 56.0% 16.5% 12.8% 7.4% 4.2% 2.4% 0.4% 0.3% 100.0% Source: Unpublished data, South Carolina Judicial Department. 92 Outcome of South Carolina Magistrate Court Cases FY 01 Not Guilty (Jury Trial) 0.3% Guilty (Jury Trial) 0.4% Continued 2.4% Nol Proseque 4.2% Not Guilty (Bench Trial) 7.4% Bond Forfeitures 12.8% Transferred, Other 16.5% Guilty (Bench Trial) 56.0% 93 Bench trials accounted for 34.7% of the dispositions in South Carolina's municipal courts in FY 01, representing a 66% increase over 1980. TYPE OF TRIAL Case Type Forfeit/Other Non-Jury Jury 1980 78.2% 20.9% 0.9% FY 01 63.4% 34.7% 1.9% % Change -18.9% +66.0% +111.1% Note: 1979 Municipal Court data were not available. Sources: South Carolina Judicial Department 1980 Annual Report, Unpublished data, South Carolina Judicial Department. 94 Type of Trial in South Carolina Municipal Courts 78.2% 1980 FY 01 63.4% 34.7% 20.9% 1.9% Forefit/Other Non-Jury 0.9% Jury 95 96 JAILS The jail system in South Carolina provides an important example of intergovernmental cooperation. Although jails are the administrative and financial responsibility of local governments, both county and municipal, the South Carolina Department of Corrections (SCDC) is responsible for ensuring that local jails and detention centers meet certain operational standards. Jails must meet these standards to be certified for operation. Jails and detention centers are an important segment of the criminal justice system. They detain prisoners before trial, and provide a place where some inmates may serve their sentences. Data concerning jail capacity and use are available for calendar years 1985 through 2001. 97 The total capacity of South Carolina's jails increased 153.7% from 1985 to 2001, but increased less than 1% from 2000 to 2001. TOTAL RATED JAIL CAPACITY Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Capacity 3,762 3,737 3,823 3,858 3,932 4,126 4,511 4,299 4,745 6,231 7,170 7,487 7,773 7,983 9,036 9,490 9,546 Change Over Prior Year -0.7% +2.3% + 0.9% +1.9% + 4.9% + 9.3% -4.7% +10.4% +31.3% +15.1% +4.4% +3.8% +2.7% +13.2% +5.0% +0.6% Source: Unpublished data, SC Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. 98 South Carolina Jail Capacity 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 Approved Inmate Spaces 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 85 90 Year 95 00 99 The average daily population of South Carolina's jails increased 227.3% from 1985 to 2001, and increased 5.2% from 2000 to 2001. AVERAGE DAILY JAIL POPULATION Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Average Daily Population 3,146 3,255 3,675 3,337 4,260 4,874 5,571 5,437 6,039 6,512 7,589 7,811 8,738 8,977 9,633 9,789 10,298 Change Over Prior Year +3.5% +12.9% -9.2% +27.7% +14.4% +14.3% -1.8% +10.3% +7.8% +16.5% +2.9% +11.9% +2.7% +7.3% +1.6% +5.2% Source: Unpublished data, SC Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. 100 South Carolina Average Daily Jail Population 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 85 90 Year 95 00 101 South Carolina's jails were operating at 108% of their total rated capacity during 2001. OPERATING CAPACITY OF JAILS Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 % Capacity 84% 87% 96% 87% 108% 118% 124% 126% 127% 105% 106% 104% 112% 112% 107% 103% 108% Note: Operating capacity represents a comparison of the average daily population to rated capacity. Source: Unpublished data, SC Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. 102 South Carolina Jail Operating Capacity 140% 120% 100% % of Rated Capacity 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 85 90 Year 95 00 103 The total capacity of South Carolina's jails to detain juveniles decreased 60.8% from 1985 to 2001, but increased 2.8% from 2000 to 2001. TOTAL JUVENILE JAIL CAPACITY Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Capacity 291 258 199 200 212 205 277 233 156 90 111 114 172 172 184 176 181 Change Over Prior Year -11.3% -22.9% +0.5% +6.0% -3.3% +35.1% -15.9% -33.0% -42.3% +23.3% +2.7% +50.9% 0.0% +7.0% -4.3% +2.8% Source: Unpublished data, SC Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. 104 South Carolina Juvenile Detention Capacity 300 250 200 Juvenile Detention Spaces 150 100 50 0 85 90 Year 95 00 105 106 CORRECTIONS The South Carolina Department of Corrections is a cabinet agency, headed by a director reporting directly to, and serving at the pleasure of, the Governor. The director administers policy and is responsible for the operation of a modern, statewide penal system. The department is responsible for the incarceration of offenders in a safe, secure and humane setting in order to protect public safety. The department also provides offenders with opportunities to become productive, law abiding citizens. 107 South Carolina ranked sixth among the states, incarcerating 555 inmates per 100,000 residents. The national incarceration rate was 476 inmates per 100,000 residents. STATE INCARCERATION RATES: THE TEN HIGHEST, DECEMBER 30, 2002 State Louisiana Mississippi Texas Oklahoma Alabama South Carolina Georgia Missouri Arizona Michigan Incarceration Rate per 100,000 794 743 692 667 612 555 552 529 513 501 Note: This includes only inmates with a sentence of 1 year or more. Source: Prisoners in 2002, United States Bureau of Justice Statistics. 108 Selected Incarceration Rates NC 345 US 476 South US 536 GA 552 SC 555 Inmates per 100,000 109 The state’s inmate population increased 4% from FY 01 to FY 02. Since FY 75, the inmate population has increased 394.3%. INMATE POPULATION GROWTH Fiscal Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 # Inmates 4,618 6,264 7,167 7,447 7,623 7,869 8,078 8,602 9,392 9,789 10,121 10,755 11,786 12,660 14,049 16,149 17,641 18,581 18,704 19,150 19,328 20,122 20,930 21,401 21,855 22,053 21,946 22,829 Change Over Prior Year +35.6% +14.4% +3.9% +2.4% +3.2% +2.7% +6.5% +9.2% +4.2% +3.4% +6.3% +9.6% +7.4% +11.0% +14.9% +9.2% +5.3% +0.7% +2.4% +0.9% +4.1% +4.0% +2.3% +2.1% +0.9% -0.5% +4.0% Source: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports. 110 South Carolina Inmate Population 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 75 80 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 111 The annual cost per inmate in South Carolina was $14,975 in FY 02. ANNUAL COST PER INMATE Fiscal Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Actual Cost $4,147 $4,102 $4,075 $4,826 $5,488 $5,666 $6,489 $7,110 $7,520 $8,632 $9,476 $10,471 $11,721 $12,421 $13,237 $12,707 $12,451 $12,467 $12,296 $12,574 $13,219 $13,315 $13,857 $14,318 $15,336 $16,024 $17,076 $14,975 Adjusted Cost $4,147 $3,879 $3,982 $3,618 $4,067 $3,699 $3,841 $3,963 $4,062 $4,470 $4,738 $5,140 $5,551 $5,649 $5,743 $5,231 $4,918 $4,781 $4,578 $4,565 $4,667 $4,566 $4,645 $4,726 $4,952 $5,006 $5,187 $4,478 Note: Adjusted cost uses the Consumer Price Index to account for inflation and reflect the cost in 1975 dollars. Sources: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports, Unpublished data, South Carolina Department of Corrections, Unpublished data, United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. 112 South Carolina Inmate Costs Adjusted Actual $18,000 $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 Annual cost per inmate $10,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 75 85 Fiscal Year 113 95 More inmates are incarcerated for drug offenses than any other offense category. The percent of inmates serving time in South Carolina for drug convictions has increased from 5.6% in FY 77 to 21.1% in FY 02. OFFENSE DISTRIBUTION FOR INMATES FY 77 Offense Drugs Burglary Homicide Robbery Other Crimes Assault Sexual Assault Larceny Stolen Vehicle Traffic Fraud Forgery Total Number 501 503 971 1,139 1,158 542 248 1,576 951 224 961 223 8,997 Pct. 5.6% 5.6% 10.8% 12.7% 12.9% 6.0% 2.8% 17.5% 10.6% 2.5% 10.7% 2.5% 100.0% Number 4,824 3,533 2,904 2,832 1,949 1,822 1,220 1,103 763 746 623 507 22,826 FY 02 Pct. 21.1% 15.5% 12.7% 12.4% 8.5% 8.0% 5.3% 4.8% 3.3% 3.3% 2.7% 2.2% 100.0% Notes: Although earlier offense data were available, the FY 77 offense classifications provide the best comparison for current data. Offense category is based on the offense with the longest sentence. Sources: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports, Unpublished data, South Carolina Department of Corrections. 114 South Carolina Inmate Population by Offense FY 77 Forgery Fraud Traffic Stolen Vehicle Larceny Sexual Assault Assault Other Crimes Robbery Homicide Burglary Drugs 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% FY 02 115 In FY 84, 41.1% of the inmate population was 30 years of age or older. In FY 02, 58.1% of the inmate population was 30 years of age or older. INMATE POPULATION BY AGE FY 84 Age Group Under 17 17 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50+ Total Number 6 614 2,558 2,563 1,771 1,054 531 240 399 9,736 Pct. 0.1% 6.3% 26.3% 26.3% 18.2% 10.8% 5.5% 2.5% 4.1% 100.0% Number 11 963 4,607 3,992 3,659 3,422 2,775 1,782 1,615 22,826 FY 02 Pct. 0.0% 4.2% 20.2% 17.5% 16.0% 15.0% 12.2% 7.8% 7.1% 100.0% Sources: South Carolina Department of Corrections FY 84 Annual Report, Unpublished data, South Carolina Department of Corrections. 116 South Carolina Inmate Population by Age FY 84 FY 02 52.6% 37.7% 31.0% 29.0% 20.0% 7.9% 6.4% 7.1% 4.1% 4.3% 19 & younger 20 - 29 30 - 39 Age Categories 40 - 49 50 & older 117 Of the prison inmates released in South Carolina during FY 02, 50.5% served one year or less. The average time served for all inmates released was two years. TIME SERVED BY INMATES RELEASED FY 02 Time Served 0 - 3 months 3 - 6 months 6 - 9 months 9 - 12 months 1 -2 years 2 - 3 years 3 - 4 years 4 - 5 years 5 - 6 years 6 - 7 years 7 - 8 years 8 - 9 years 9 - 10 years 10 - 15 years 15 - 20 years 20+ years Total Number 1,165 1,892 1,602 1,511 2,673 1,183 521 419 285 173 168 150 90 249 71 52 12,204 Percent 9.5% 15.5% 13.1% 12.4% 21.9% 9.7% 4.3% 3.4% 2.3% 1.4% 1.4% 1.2% 0.7% 2.0% 0.6% 0.4% 100.0% Note: Excludes inmates who died or were released due to conditions such as shock incarceration, restitution and paid fines. The start of each time range is actually plus one day. Source: Unpublished data, South Carolina Department of Corrections. 118 Time Served by South Carolina Inmates Released During FY 02 5+ 10.1% 3+ to 5 7.7% 2+ to 3 9.7% Years Served 1+ to 2 21.9% .5+ to 1 25.5% .5 or less 25.0% 119 The average sentence of South Carolina's inmates was 12 years in FY 02. INMATES BY SENTENCE LENGTH Fiscal Year 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Average Sentence Length (Years) 10.00 10.00 11.92 12.08 11.92 11.67 12.58 12.75 11.92 11.92 12.00 11.67 11.92 11.92 12.08 12.50 12.75 13.17 12.75 12.75 12.75 12.58 12.58 12.42 12.00 Change Over Prior Year 0.0% +19.2% +1.3% -1.3% -2.1% +7.8% +1.4% -6.5% 0.0% +0.7% -2.8% +2.1% 0.0% +1.3% +3.5% +2.0% +3.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -1.3% 0.0% -1.3% -3.4% Sources: South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Reports, Unpublished data, South Carolina Department of Corrections. 120 South Carolina Inmates by Sentence Length 14 12 10 Average Sentence in Years 8 6 4 2 0 80 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 121 122 COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS The South Carolina Board of Paroles and Pardons consists of seven members, appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. This board is responsible for granting paroles and pardons. The South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole and Pardon Services (SCDPPPS) is a cabinet agency, with the director reporting to, and serving at the pleasure of, the Governor. SCDPPPS is responsible for providing adult community supervision throughout the state. This includes the supervision of those offenders sentenced to probation by the court, paroled by the board or placed on early release programs. SCDPPPS also works closely with the Board of Paroles and Pardons to provide information required for its consideration in granting paroles and pardons. Note: From 1941 through Fiscal Year 82, SCDPPPS was known as the South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole and Pardons. From Fiscal Year 83 through Fiscal Year 85, the agency was known as the South Carolina Department of Parole and Community Corrections. The current name has been in use since FY 86. In the interest of both brevity and thoroughness, source notes referring to materials taken from annual reports for those years will reference only SCDPPPS for the corresponding years. Full reference, with appropriate citation for all years, can be found under Sources. 123 There were 83 offenders under community supervision per 10,000 population in South Carolina in FY 02. Union County had the highest rate with 130.2 offenders under supervision per 10,000 population. COUNTIES BY COMMUNITY SUPERVISION OFFENDER RATES: THE TOP TEN IN FY 02 County Union Saluda Cherokee McCormick Laurens Greenwood Florence Sumter Bamberg Lee Offenders Per 10,000 130.2 112.4 111.0 110.8 106.7 104.9 104.3 101.0 99.4 99.0 Note: Based on active offender population. Sources: Unpublished material, SCDPPPS, Unpublished material, Budget and Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 124 Offenders Under Community Supervision per 10,000 Population by County, FY 02 Abbeville Aiken Allendale Anderson Bamberg Barnwell Beaufort Berkeley Calhoun Charleston Cherokee Chester Chesterfield Clarendon Colleton Darlington Dillon Dorchester Edgefield Fairfield Florence Georgetown Greenville 81.4 81.4 74.5 91.2 99.4 86.3 41.6 71.0 78.6 89.1 111.0 83.0 54.4 86.9 69.8 79.5 75.1 48.7 92.4 70.8 104.3 71.9 89.3 Greenwood Hampton Horry Jasper Kershaw Lancaster Laurens Lee Lexington McCormick Marion Marlboro Newberry Oconee Orangeburg Pickens Richland Saluda Spartanburg Sumter Union Williamsburg York 104.9 63.4 70.9 91.4 75.9 85.4 106.7 99.0 72.9 110.8 65.1 82.6 85.6 74.5 90.9 56.9 89.9 112.4 93.5 101.0 130.2 76.7 79.6 Note: Based on active offender population. Sources: Unpublished material, SCDPPPS, Unpublished material, Budget and Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 125 The number of offenders under community supervision in South Carolina decreased less than 1% from FY 01 to FY 02. COMMUNITY SUPERVISION OFFENDER POPULATION Fiscal Year 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Number of Offenders 17,433 18,162 19,678 19,926 18,133 21,113 21,551 24,535 26,423 27,221 31,814 35,090 37,138 41,806 46,625 50,106 52,325 54,113 55,682 55,769 55,199 54,705 53,608 51,833 51,655 % Change +4.2% +8.3% +1.3% -9.0% +16.4% +2.1% +13.8% +7.7% +3.0% +16.9% +10.3% +5.8% +12.6% +11.5% +7.5% +4.4% +3.4% +2.9% +0.2% -1.0% -0.9% -2.0% -3.3% -0.3% Note: Based on jurisdictional population, which includes both reporting and nonreporting offenders. Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Reports, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 126 South Carolina Community Supervision Population 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 80 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 127 Drug offenses account for more probation admissions than any other offense category. The proportion of probationers sentenced for drug offenses increased from 13.6% in FY 78 to 31.2% in FY 02. OFFENSE DISTRIBUTION FOR PROBATION ADMISSIONS Offense FY 78 Number 1,249 902 3,207 441 665 352 1,357 344 252 206 159 53 9,187 FY 02 Pct. Number 4,463 2,085 1,569 1,097 1,008 972 937 802 527 349 340 164 14,313 Pct. 31.2% 14.6% 11.0% 7.7% 7.0% 6.8% 6.5% 5.6% 3.7% 2.4% 2.4% 1.1% 100.0% Drugs Other Traffic Assault Burglary Fraud Larceny Forgery/Counterfeit Weapons Stolen Vehicle Obstruct Police Robbery Total 13.6% 9.8% 34.9% 4.8% 7.2% 3.8% 14.8% 3.7% 2.7% 2.2% 1.7% 0.6% 100.0% Sources: SCDPPPS FY 78 Annual Report, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 128 South Carolina Probation Admissions by Offense FY 02 FY 78 Robbery Obstruct Police Stolen Vehicle Weapons Forgery/Counterfeit Larceny Fraud Burglary Assault Traffic Other Drugs 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 129 The probation revocation rate for South Carolina during FY 02 was 11.4%. PROBATION REVOCATION RATES Fiscal Year 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Technical Offenses N/A 2.4% 2.7% 3.3% 3.8% 3.6% 3.6% 4.2% 4.4% 4.4% 3.8% 4.1% 5.3% 6.3% 7.2% 8.6% 8.7% 9.8% 9.0% 10.0% New Offenses N/A 1.6% 1.3% 1.6% 1.4% 1.0% 1.0% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 1.7% 1.7% 1.7% 1.5% 1.4% 1.5% 1.3% 1.6% 1.4% 1.4% Total Rate 3.9% 4.0% 4.0% 4.9% 5.2% 4.6% 4.6% 5.1% 5.3% 5.2% 5.5% 5.8% 7.0% 7.8% 8.6% 10.1% 10.0% 11.4% 10.4% 11.4% Note: A breakdown of revocation rates for FY 83 is not available. The term technical offense refers to offenses that are violations of the terms of supervision but not criminal offenses. Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Reports, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 130 South Carolina Probation Revocation Rate Technical Revocations 12% New Offenses Total Revocation Rate 10% 8% Percent Revoked 6% 4% 2% 0% 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 131 In FY 02, 47.2% of probation admissions were 30 years of age or older. In FY 85, 41.7% of probation admissions were 30 years of age or older. PROBATION ADMISSIONS BY AGE FY 85 Age Group Under 17 17 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50+ Total Number 0 856 2,142 1,841 1,301 812 539 302 499 8,292 Pct. 0.0% 10.3% 25.8% 22.2% 15.7% 9.8% 6.5% 3.6% 6.0% 100.0% Number 42 1,751 3,427 2,279 1,883 1,768 1,419 845 766 14,180 FY 02 Pct. 0.3% 12.3% 24.2% 16.1% 13.3% 12.5% 10.0% 6.0% 5.4% 100.0% Note: There were 153 probation admissions in FY 02 for which age data were not available. Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Report, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 132 South Carolina Probation Admissions by Age FY 02 FY 78 48.0% 40.2% 25.7% 25.5% 16.0% 12.6% 10.3% 10.2% 6.0% 5.4% 19 & Younger 20 - 29 30 - 39 Age Categories 40 - 49 50 & Older 133 South Carolina's parole approval rate in FY 02 was 24.3%. PAROLE HEARINGS SUMMARY Fiscal Year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Hearings 1,317 1,448 1,400 1,895 1,780 2,220 2,908 2,604 3,516 3,479 4,115 3,255 3,573 3,065 3,292 4,064 4,091 4,686 4,563 5,227 5,435 5,791 5,969 7,106 5,503 6,440 6,373 6,367 Approvals 762 845 962 1,234 1,172 1,387 1,498 1,224 1,359 1,269 1,349 894 1,031 1,289 1,070 1,317 1,319 1,906 1,785 1,813 1,527 1,469 1,472 1,113 915 1,714 1,553 1,547 Rate 57.9% 58.4% 68.7% 65.1% 65.8% 62.5% 51.5% 47.0% 38.7% 36.5% 32.8% 27.5% 28.9% 42.1% 32.5% 32.4% 32.2% 40.7% 39.1% 34.7% 28.1% 25.4% 24.7% 15.7% 16.6% 26.6% 24.4% 24.3% Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Report, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 134 South Carolina Parole Approval Rate 70% 60% 50% Approved for Parole 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 75 80 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 135 In FY 02, 37.3% of the inmates paroled in South Carolina had been incarcerated for drug law violations, compared to 11.7% of inmates paroled in FY 78. OFFENSE DISTRIBUTION FOR PAROLE ADMISSIONS FY 78 Offense Number Pct. 11.7% 15.8% 15.6% 17.3% 9.1% 12.6% 14.3% 3.7% 100.0% Number 579 348 172 134 105 95 86 35 1,554 Drugs 144 Other 195 Burglary 193 Robbery 213 Assault 112 Homicide 155 Larceny 176 Forgery/Counterfeit 46 Total 1,234 FY 02 Pct. 37.3% 22.4% 11.1% 8.6% 6.8% 6.1% 5.5% 2.3% 100.0% Note: Parole approvals are not equal to parole admissions for two reasons. Inmates are approved for parole on the basis of conditions which, if not met, will result in their not being released to parole supervision, and parole admissions include inmates supervised under early release programs that do not require approval by the parole board. Sources: SCDPPPS FY 78 Annual Report, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 136 South Carolina Parole Admissions by Offense FY 02 FY 78 Forgery/Counterfeit Homicide Assault Larceny Robbery Burglary Other Drugs 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 137 The parole revocation rate in South Carolina increased from 7.4% in FY 01 to 9.8% in FY 02. PAROLE REVOCATION RATES Fiscal Year 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Technical Offenses N/A 3.6% 4.7% 4.0% 4.3% 5.1% 4.3% 6.2% 5.6% 5.4% 6.1% 7.1% 7.4% 7.5% 8.3% 8.4% 8.5% 9.9% 6.4% 8.4% New Offenses N/A 4.8% 4.3% 3.7% 2.8% 3.0% 3.1% 2.3% 2.3% 1.6% 2.5% 3.0% 3.0% 1.8% 1.6% 1.7% 0.9% 1.3% 1.0% 1.4% Total Rate 8.4% 8.4% 9.0% 7.7% 7.1% 8.1% 7.4% 8.5% 7.9% 7.0% 8.6% 10.1% 10.4% 9.3% 9.9% 10.1% 9.4% 11.2% 7.4% 9.8% Note: A breakdown of revocation rates for FY 83 is not available. The term technical offense refers to offenses that are violations of the terms of supervision but not criminal offenses. Sources: SCDPPPS Annual Reports, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 138 South Carolina Parole Revocations Technical Violations 12% New Offenses Total Revocations 10% 8% Percent Revoked 6% 4% 2% 0% 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 139 In FY 85, 46.7% of parole admissions were 30 years of age or older. In FY 02, 60.7% of parole admissions were 30 years of age or older. PAROLE ADMISSIONS BY AGE FY 85 Age Group Under 17 17 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50+ Total Number 0 14 269 387 279 151 70 31 52 1,253 Pct. 0.0% 1.1% 21.5% 30.9% 22.3% 12.1% 5.6% 2.5% 4.2% 100.0% Number 0 28 256 319 286 240 193 99 113 1,534 FY 02 Pct. 0.0% 1.8% 16.7% 20.8% 18.6% 15.6% 12.6% 6.5% 7.4% 100.0% Note: There were 20 parole admissions in FY 02 for which age data were not available. Sources: SCDPPPS FY 85 Annual Report, Unpublished material, SCDPPPS. 140 South Carolina Parole Admissions by Age FY 02 FY 85 52.4% 37.5% 34.3% 34.3% 19.0% 8.1% 7.4% 4.2% 1.8% 1.1% 19 & Younger 20 - 29 30 - 39 Age Categories 40 -49 50 & Older 141 142 JUVENILE ARREST RATES Besides being a gauge of law enforcement's response to crime, arrest rates provide reliable data concerning the age, sex and race of apprehended offenders. Consequently, arrest rates by age provide a good measure of juvenile delinquency. Uniform Crime Reporting procedures require that an arrest be counted on each separate occasion a person is taken into custody, notified, or cited. As a result, annual arrest figures do not measure the number of individual juveniles arrested, since one juvenile might be arrested several times during a year (Crime in the United States, FBI). In keeping with state law which sets the age of adult responsibility in most criminal matters at seventeen years of age, arrest rates were calculated on the basis of the estimated juvenile (age 0 through 16) population for each year in question. As noted earlier, arrest data are not available for 2001. 143 South Carolina's 2002 crime index arrest rate for juveniles represents a 9.6% decrease from 2000, and a 3.3% increase over 1976. CRIME INDEX: The crime index consists of murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, breaking or entering, larceny and motor vehicle theft. JUVENILE CRIME INDEX ARREST RATE ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 6,027 5,507 -8.6% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 63.25 57.17 -9.6% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 4,999 5,507 +10.2% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 55.37 57.17 +3.3% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 144 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Crime Index 100 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 145 South Carolina's juvenile arrest rate for violent crimes increased 7.7% from 2000 to 2002. The juvenile arrest rate for violent crimes has increased 168.3% since 1976. VIOLENT CRIME: Violent crime consists of murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault, and involves the element of personal confrontation between the victim and offender. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR VIOLENT CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 997 1,086 +8.9% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 10.46 11.27 +7.7% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 379 1,086 +186.5% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 4.20 11.27 +168.3% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 146 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Violent Crime 16 14 12 10 Rate per 10,000 8 6 4 2 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 147 South Carolina's juvenile arrest rate for murder increased from .08 per 10,000 to .12 per 10,000 from 2000 to 2002. MURDER: Murder is the willful killing of one person by another. The classification of this offense is based on police investigation as opposed to the determination of a court, medical examiner, coroner, jury or other judicial body. Deaths caused by negligence, suicide, accident or justifiable homicides are not included. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR MURDER ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 8 12 +50.0% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 0.08 0.12 +50.0% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 10 12 +20.0% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 0.11 0.12 +9.1% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 148 South Carolina Juvenile Murder Arrest Rate 0.40 0.30 Rate per 10,000 0.20 0.10 0.00 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 149 South Carolina's juvenile arrest rate for rape increased 13.6% from 2000 to 2002. Since 1976, the juvenile arrest rate for rape has increased 82.9%. RAPE: Forcible rape is the carnal knowledge of a person, forcibly and against their will. Assaults or attempts to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included; however statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses are excluded. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR RAPE ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 63 72 +14.3% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 0.66 0.75 +13.6% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 37 72 +94.6% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 0.41 0.75 +82.9% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, FBI; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 150 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Rape 1.4 1.2 1.0 Rate per 10,000 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 151 South Carolina's juvenile arrest rate for robbery increased 2.7% from 2000 to 2002. Since 1976, the juvenile arrest rate for robbery has increased 51%. ROBBERY: Robbery is the taking or attempted taking of anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or the threat of force, by violence, or by putting the victim in fear. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR ROBBERY ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 143 148 +3.8% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 1.50 1.54 +2.7% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 92 148 +60.9% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 1.02 1.54 +51.0% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 152 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Robbery 4 3 Rate per 10,000 2 1 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 153 South Carolina's arrest rate of juveniles for aggravated assault increased 7.9% from 2000 to 2002. Since 1976, the juvenile arrest rate for aggravated assault has increased 233.5%. AGGRAVATED ASSAULT: Aggravated assault is an unlawful attack for the purpose of inflicting serious bodily injury. This assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. Attempted aggravated assaults are also included. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR AGGRAVATED ASSAULT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 783 854 +9.1% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 8.22 8.87 +7.9% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 240 854 +255.8% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 2.66 8.87 +233.5% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 154 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Aggravated Assault 12 10 8 Rate per 10,000 6 4 2 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 155 South Carolina's 2002 juvenile arrest rate for property crimes represents a 13.1% decrease since 2000, and a 10.3% decrease since 1976. PROPERTY CRIME: Property crimes include the offenses of breaking or entering, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR PROPERTY CRIMES ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 5,030 4,421 -12.1% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 52.79 45.90 -13.1% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 4,620 4,421 -4.3% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 51.17 45.90 -10.3% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 156 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Property Crime 90 80 70 60 Rate per 10,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 157 South Carolina's breaking or entering arrest rate for juveniles decreased 22.4% from 2000 to 2002. The breaking or entering rate has decreased 46.3% since 1976. BREAKING OR ENTERING: Breaking or entering is the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. The use of force to gain entry is not required to classify an offense as breaking or entering. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR BREAKING OR ENTERING ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 1,126 883 -21.6% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 11.82 9.17 -22.4% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 1,543 883 -42.8% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 17.09 9.17 -46.3% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 158 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Breaking or Entering 25 20 15 Rate per 10,000 10 5 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 159 South Carolina's larceny arrest rate for juveniles decreased 11.1% from 2000 to 2002. The juvenile arrest rate for larceny has increased 9.9% since 1976. LARCENY: Larceny is the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. It includes crimes such as shoplifting, pocket-picking, purse snatching, thefts from motor vehicles, thefts of motor vehicle parts, and accessories in which no use of force, violence or fraud occurs. This crime category does not include embezzlement, con games, forgery, worthless checks, or motor vehicle theft. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR LARCENY ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 3,663 3,292 -10.1% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 38.44 34.18 -11.1% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 2,807 3,292 +17.3% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 31.09 34.18 +9.9% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 160 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Larceny 60 50 40 Rate per 10,000 30 20 10 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 161 The juvenile arrest rate for motor vehicle theft increased less than 1% from 2000 to 2002, and has decreased 14.7% since 1976. MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT: Motor vehicle theft is the stealing or attempted stealing of a motor vehicle, including automobiles, trucks, buses, motorcycles, motor-scooters, snowmobiles, etc. This definition excludes the unauthorized taking of motor vehicles for temporary use by those having lawful access. JUVENILE ARREST RATE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT ANNUAL SUMMARY Year 2000 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 241 246 +2.1% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 2.53 2.55 +0.8% MULTI-YEAR TREND Year 1976 2002 % Change Number of Arrests 270 246 -8.9% Rate Per 10,000 Juveniles 2.99 2.55 -14.7% Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Sources: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division; Unpublished data, South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. 162 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rate for Motor Vehicle Theft 7 6 5 Rate per 10,000 4 3 2 1 0 76 80 85 90 Year 95 00 163 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Count Year Murder 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 10 13 7 14 11 8 2 5 4 9 5 11 6 11 6 24 23 32 32 24 14 34 18 19 8 NA 12 Agg. Rape Robbery Assault 37 35 38 62 34 39 47 45 49 45 52 70 61 60 60 99 109 106 105 69 69 68 80 83 63 NA 72 92 80 92 91 66 90 80 99 84 61 95 92 82 82 106 179 164 223 324 263 257 253 201 135 143 NA 148 240 189 150 157 178 170 136 128 147 170 225 250 269 322 380 542 760 762 915 856 907 882 897 781 783 NA 854 B&E Larceny 1,543 1,369 1,453 1,423 1,623 1,690 1,319 1,208 1,140 1,337 1,421 1,528 1,443 1,460 1,416 1,815 1,774 1,917 1,670 1,670 1,739 1,724 1,516 1,230 1,126 NA 883 2,807 2,331 2,354 2,447 2,638 2,808 2,673 2,800 2,942 3,140 3,114 3,166 3,282 3,546 3,574 3,826 4,111 4,649 4,673 4,673 4,972 4,744 4,399 3,939 3,663 NA 3,292 MVT 270 201 228 278 249 217 158 187 235 320 304 410 456 563 493 606 524 581 433 433 422 355 314 253 241 NA 246 Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 164 South Carolina Juvenile Arrest Rates Year Murder 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 .11 .15 .08 .16 .12 .09 .02 .06 .05 .10 .06 .13 .07 .13 .07 .27 .26 .36 .36 .27 .16 .38 .20 .21 .08 NA .12 Agg. Rape Robbery Assault .41 .39 .43 .70 .38 .44 .54 .52 .57 .52 .61 .81 .71 .69 .68 1.12 1.23 1.19 1.18 .77 .77 .75 .88 .91 .66 NA .75 1.02 .89 1.03 1.03 .75 1.03 .92 1.15 .98 .71 1.11 1.07 .95 .94 1.21 2.03 1.85 2.51 3.63 2.95 2.87 2.92 2.22 1.49 1.50 NA 1.54 2.66 2.11 1.77 1.77 2.01 1.94 1.56 1.48 1.71 1.98 2.62 2.95 3.11 3.69 4.33 6.13 8.57 8.57 10.25 9.61 10.13 9.79 9.90 8.61 8.22 NA 8.87 B&E Larceny 17.09 15.28 16.06 16.06 18.33 19.27 16.01 15.26 14.02 13.28 15.60 16.52 17.68 16.53 16.65 16.02 20.47 19.96 21.48 18.74 19.42 19.13 16.74 13.56 11.82 NA 9.17 31.09 26.02 26.40 27.62 29.80 32.01 33.83 30.92 32.51 34.27 36.63 36.21 36.64 37.60 40.45 40.43 43.15 46.26 52.08 52.45 55.53 52.64 48.57 43.42 38.44 NA 34.18 MVT 2.99 2.24 2.56 3.14 2.81 2.47 1.92 1.83 2.17 2.74 3.73 3.53 4.74 5.22 6.42 5.58 6.84 5.90 6.51 4.86 4.71 3.94 3.47 2.79 2.53 NA 2.55 Note: Arrest data for 2001 are not available. Source: Crime in South Carolina, State Law Enforcement Division. 165 166 CRIME IN SCHOOLS Concern over the safety of children in school led to the Safe Schools Act of 1990, which required the collection and reporting of school crime incidents. School crime incidents include offenses committed on public school campuses, during travel to and from schools on public school buses, and during school functions. In the case of incidents involving more than one crime, the incident is categorized according to the most serious of the offenses. The South Carolina Department of Education collects information concerning school crime incidents and reports the results annually. The data presented in this section represent incidents from June 2001 through May 2002 (SY 02). 167 The leading category of school crimes in South Carolina public schools during SY 02 was crimes against the person. Disrupting school crimes ranked second, followed by crimes against property. SCHOOL CRIMES BY OFFENSE CATEGORY SY 02 Offense Against Person Disruption Property Total Number 5,440 4,906 1,902 12,248 Percentage 44.4% 40.1% 15.5% 100.0% Note: There were 56 crime incidents classified as other and not included in the three offense categories listed above. Source: School Crime Incident Report for South Carolina Public Schools 2001 – 02 School Year, South Carolina Department of Education. 168 South Carolina School Crime by Offense Category, SY 02 44.4% 40.1% 15.5% Against Person Disruption Property 169 Simple assault accounted for 70.8% of school crimes against persons. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS BY OFFENSE SY 02 Offense Simple Assault Intimidation Aggravated Assault Non-Forcible Sex Offense Forcible Sex Offense Homicide Total Number 3,851 867 441 231 48 2 5,440 Percentage 70.8% 15.9% 8.1% 4.3% 0.9% <0.1% 100.0% Source: School Crime Incident Report for South Carolina Public Schools 2001 – 02 School Year, South Carolina Department of Education. 170 Crimes Against Persons in South Carolina Schools, SY 02 Forcible Sex Offense 0.9% Non-Forcible Sex Offense 4.3% Aggravated Assault 8.1% Intimidation 15.9% Simple Assault 70.8% 171 Larceny accounted for 48.1% of crimes against property in South Carolina's public schools during SY 02. CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY BY OFFENSE SY 02 Offense Larceny Vandalism B&E Stolen Property Arson Other Robbery Total Number 915 613 206 83 37 33 15 1,902 Percentage 48.1% 32.2% 10.8% 4.4% 2.0% 1.7% 0.8% 100.0% Source: School Crime Incident Report for South Carolina Public Schools 2001 – 02 School Year, South Carolina Department of Education. 172 Crimes Against Property in South Carolina Schools, SY 02 Robbery 0.8% Other 1.7% Arson 2.0% Stolen Property 4.4% B&E 10.8% Vandalism 32.2% Larceny 48.1% 173 Crimes of disruption involve willfully or unnecessarily interfering with the students or school officials or in any way disturbing school order. Disturbing schools accounted for 53.1% of this offense category during SY 02. CRIMES OF DISRUPTION BY OFFENSE Offense Disturbing Schools Drug Possession Weapons Trespassing Liquor Drug Distribution Other Total Number 2,604 950 814 220 182 115 21 4,906 Percentage 53.1% 19.4% 16.6% 4.5% 3.7% 2.3% 0.4% 100.0% Source: School Crime Incident Report for South Carolina Public Schools 2001 – 02 School Year, South Carolina Department of Education. 174 Crimes of Disruption in South Carolina Schools, SY 02 Other 0.4% Drug Dist 2.3% Liquor 3.7% Trespassing 4.5% Weapons 16.6% Drug Possession 19.4% Disturbing Schools 53.1% 175 Knives and other sharp objects were the weapons most commonly involved in school crime incidents during SY 02. It is important to note that weapon involvement does not necessarily mean the weapon was used to harm someone. WEAPONS REPORTED IN SCHOOL CRIMES Weapon Knives Other Blunt objects BB/Pellet Gun Handguns Other Firearms Total Number 740 167 56 41 40 11 1,055 Percentage 70.1% 15.8% 5.3% 3.9% 3.8% 1.1% 100.0% Note: This table does not include hands and feet as a weapon category. Source: School Crime Incident Report for South Carolina Public Schools 2001 – 02 School Year, South Carolina Department of Education. 176 Weapon Involvement in South Carolina School Crimes, SY 02 740 167 56 41 40 11 Knives Other Blunt objects BB/Pellet Gun Handguns Other Firearms 177 178 RESPONSES TO JUVENILE CRIME The South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) serves as the state's designated juvenile justice agency. The Family Court is the arm of the state's judicial system that disposes of most juvenile cases. DJJ supports the Family Court system by providing intake services, diversion programs, and probation and aftercare supervision. DJJ operates the Reception and Evaluation (R&E) Center as well as all the state’s long term correctional facilities. The R&E Center temporarily holds juveniles committed by the Family Court between the adjudicatory and dispositional hearings for comprehensive diagnostic testing and treatment recommendations. DJJ also operates programs designed to serve as non-institutional alternatives. 179 Disturbing schools was the most frequently reported offense among juvenile cases referred to solicitors in FY 02. TEN MOST FREQUENT OFFENSES FOR JUVENILE REFFERALS FY 02 Offense Disturbing Schools Truancy Contempt of Court Simple A&B Shoplifting Probation Violation V Simple Poss. Marijuana Simple Assault Domestic Violence Disorderly Conduct All other offenses Total Offenses Number 2,643 2,334 2,308 1,803 1,702 1,148 940 896 810 810 13,156 28,550 Percentage 9.3% 8.2% 8.1% 6.3% 6.0% 4.0% 3.3% 3.1% 2.8% 2.8% 46.1% 100.0% Notes: Probation Violation V refers to probation violations in cases where the original offense was a minor, misdemeanor level crime. The total includes all offenses, not just the ten most frequent as presented here. Source: South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report FY 2001-02. 180 Top Ten Juvenile Offenses Reported to Solicitors FY 02 Disorderly Conduct 810 Domestic Violence 810 Simple Assault 896 Simple Poss. Marij. 940 Probation Violation V 1,148 Shoplifting 1,702 Simple A&B 1,803 Contempt of Court 2,308 Truancy 2,334 Disturbing Schools 2,643 181 South Carolina's delinquency rate in FY 02 was 70.9 per 1,000 children. Horry and Marlboro had the highest delinquency rate with 126.7 per 1,000. COUNTIES BY DELINQUENCY REFERRAL RATES: THE TEN HIGHEST FY 02 County Horry Marlboro Allendale Lancaster Union Orangeburg Darlington Charleston Georgetown Cherokee Rate per 1,000 126.7 126.7 122.5 119.5 112.1 112.0 101.3 98.9 94.6 91.7 Notes: Rate is expressed in terms of number of children per 1,000, ages 10 – 16. Source: South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report FY. 2001-02. 182 Juvenile Delinquency Processing Rate per 1,000 by County, FY 02 Abbeville Aiken Allendale Anderson Bamberg Barnwell Beaufort Berkeley Calhoun Charleston Cherokee Chester Chesterfield Clarendon Colleton Darlington Dillon Dorchester Edgefield Fairfield Florence Georgetown Greenville 45.9 65.0 122.5 63.7 58.8 47.1 52.0 87.6 45.7 98.9 91.7 41.9 58.2 50.4 89.1 101.3 71.4 51.4 47.7 25.2 70.9 94.6 65.5 Greenwood Hampton Horry Jasper Kershaw Lancaster Laurens Lee Lexington McCormick Marion Marlboro Newberry Oconee Orangeburg Pickens Richland Saluda Spartanburg Sumter Union Williamsburg York 78.9 37.2 126.7 68.5 50.7 119.5 49.2 32.0 78.8 60.7 126.7 84.9 55.7 35.5 112.0 66.2 42.7 53.2 51.5 39.0 112.1 33.1 81.5 Source: South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report FY 2001-02. 183 A total of 28,550 juvenile cases were referred to South Carolina solicitors in FY 02, representing a 1.8% decrease from FY 01. REFERRALS TO THE SOLICITOR Fiscal Year 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Cases Referred 10,948 11,127 12,507 16,436 16,382 17,856 18,821 19,435 21,608 22,883 22,505 24,767 26,246 26,276 27,690 28,057 29,670 28,969 29,062 28,550 Change From Prior Year +16.4% +12.4% +31.4% -0.3% +9.0% +5.4% +3.3% +11.2% +5.9% -1.7% +10.1% +6.0% +0.1% +5.4% +1.3% +5.7% -2.4% +0.3% -1.8% Sources: South Carolina Department of Youth Services Annual Statistical Reports, South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Reports. 184 Juvenile Cases Referred to South Carolina Solicitors 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 185 Probation was the most common disposition in South Carolina's family courts during FY 02, 58% of juvenile cases resulted in probation supervision. JUDICIAL DISPOSITIONS IN FAMILY COURT FY 02 Disposition Probation DJJ Commitment School Order Other Dismissed Percentage 58% 16% 11% 10% 6% Note: The total does not equal 100% due to rounding. Source: South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report FY 2001-02. 186 Judicial Dispositions in South Carolina Family Court, FY 02 Dismissed 6% Other 10% School Order 11% DJJ Commitment 16% Probation 58% 187 The number of admissions to the DJJ Reception and Evaluation Center decreased 2.3% from FY 01 to FY 02. RECEPTION & EVALUATION CENTER ADMISSIONS Fiscal Year 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Admissions 1,725 1,460 1,439 1,709 1,466 1,573 1,733 1,633 1,677 1,422 1,810 1,966 1,918 1,974 2,103 2,093 2,126 2,343 2,380 2,582 2,734 2,266 2,203 2,152 Change From Prior Year -15.4% +1.4% +18.8% -14.2% +7.3% +10.2% -5.8% +2.7% -15.2% +27.3% +8.6% -2.4% +2.9% +6.5% -0.5% +1.6% +10.2% +1.6% +8.5% +5.9% -17.1% -2.8% -2.3% Sources: South Carolina Department of Youth Services Annual Reports, South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Reports. 188 Admissions to South Carolina's Juvenile Reception & Evaluation Center 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 80 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 189 In FY 02, there were 1,999 admissions to DJJ correctional facilities, representing a 4% increase over FY 01. INSTITUTIONAL ADMISSIONS Fiscal Year 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Admissions 853 825 876 743 776 709 730 799 866 697 847 888 1,006 997 1,022 994 1,071 1,116 1,741 1,999 2,008 1,919 1,922 1,999 Change From Prior Year -3.3% +6.2% -15.2% +4.4% -8.6% +3.0% +9.5% -8.4% -19.5% +21.5% +4.8% +13.3% -0.9% +2.5% -2.7% +7.7% +4.2% +56.0% +14.8% +0.5% -4.4% +0.2% +4.0% Sources: South Carolina Department of Youth Services Annual Statistical Reports, South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Reports. 190 Admissions to DJJ Institutions 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 80 85 90 Fiscal Year 95 00 191 192 CRIMINAL JUSTICE FISCAL DATA This section provides information concerning expenditures, appropriations and employment for three levels of government involved the administration of justice in South Carolina: state, county and municipal. It is important to note that a variety of agencies have as part of their mission, criminal justice related functions, and that parts of the mission of some criminal justice agencies might be considered to be outside the realm of criminal justice. Additionally, federal criminal justice agencies operate in South Carolina, and provide federal funding to state and local units of government for fighting crime and administering justice. This publication does not attempt to capture and define all fiscal data related to every criminal justice function, but does attempt to provide a broad overview of criminal justice spending by presenting financial data relating to those agencies that are primarily involved in administering justice and enforcing the law. The most recent data available for state appropriations cover FY 03 - 04. The most recent data available for county and municipal expenditures cover FY 00 - 01. 193 The Department of Corrections had the largest appropriation among the state's criminal justice agencies for FY 04. STATE CRIMINAL JUSTICE APPROPRIATIONS FY 04 Agency Corrections Public Safety Juvenile Justice Judicial Probation, Parole & Pardon Services SLED Natural Resources - Law Enforcement Appropriations 344 198 90 44 40 36 13 Notes: Appropriations represent millions of dollars, rounded to the nearest million. Department of Natural Resources only includes appropriations for law enforcement. It is also important to note that appropriations do not take into account budget cuts that occur during the fiscal year. Source: 2003 Appropriations Act. 194 State Criminal Justice Agency Appropriations FY 04 Natural Resources 13 SLED 36 SCDPPPS 40 Judicial Dept. 44 Juvenile Justice 90 Public Safety 198 Corrections 344 Millions of Dollars 195 Appropriations for state criminal justice agencies decreased 2.1% from FY 03 to FY 04. STATE CRIMINAL JUSTICE APPROPRIATIONS Fiscal Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Appropriation $485,606,282 $530,433,777 $567,018,397 $665,272,951 $707,261,493 $753,113,257 $766,033,859 $851,871,658 $787,697,965 $780,943,626 $764,515,112 Change From Prior Year +9.2% +6.9% +17.3% +6.3% +6.5% +1.7% +11.2% -7.5% -0.9% -2.1% Notes: This includes appropriations for the Department of Corrections, the Department of Public Safety, the Department of Juvenile Justice, the Department of Probation, Parole & Pardon Services, SLED, the Judicial Department and the law enforcement appropriations for the Department of Natural Resources. It is important to note that appropriations do not take into account budget cuts that occurred during the fiscal year. Sources: Appropriations Acts, 1993 through 2003. 196 State Criminal Justice Agency Appropriations 900 800 700 600 Millions of Dollars 500 400 300 200 100 0 95 Fiscal Year 00 197 The Department of Corrections had the largest authorized work force among criminal justice agencies for FY 04, with 7,493 positions. STATE CRIMINAL JUSTICE EMPLOYMENT FY 04 Agency Corrections Public Safety Juvenile Justice Probation, Parole & Pardon Services SLED Judicial Department Natural Resources – Law Enforcement Positions 7,493 3,032 1,712 965 619 556 291 Note: Full time equivalent positions are rounded to the nearest whole number. Department of Natural Resources full time equivalent positions include only law enforcement positions. It is important to note that all authorized positions are not necessarily filled. Source: 2003 Appropriations Act. 198 Authorized Positions for State Criminal Justice Agencies, FY 04 Natural Resources 291 Judicial Dept 556 SLED 619 SCDPPPS 965 Juvenile Justice 1,712 Public Safety 3,032 Corrections 7,493 199 From FY 94 to FY 04, the authorized number of positions for state criminal justice agencies has increased 30.3%. From FY 03 to FY 04 the number of positions decreased less than 1%. STATE CRIMINAL JUSTICE EMPLOYMENT Fiscal Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Positions 11,253 11,832 12,343 13,739 14,137 14,391 14,578 14,750 14,737 14,673 14,668 Change From Prior Year +5.1% +3.5% +11.3% +2.9% +1.8% +1.3% +1.2% -0.1% -0.4% <-0.1% Note: This includes authorized positions for the Department of Corrections, the Department of Public Safety, the Department of Juvenile Justice, the Department of Probation, Parole & Pardon Services, SLED, the Judicial Department, and law enforcement positions within the Department of Natural Resources. As previously noted, not all authorized positions are necessarily filled. Sources: Appropriations Acts, 1993 through 2003. 200 Authorized Positions for State Criminal Justice Agencies 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 95 Fiscal Year 00 201 Both county and municipal governments spent more on law enforcement than any other criminal justice function. LOCAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPENDITURES IN SOUTH CAROLINA: FY 01 Function Corrections Judicial & Legal Law Enforcement Other Public Safety Victim Rights Total County 119.2 119.4 208.5 26.0 4.6 477.5 Municipal 0.8 18.3 236.1 11.2 1.4 267.8 Note: Expenditures represent millions of dollars, rounded to the nearest hundred thousand dollars. Column sums may not total due to rounding. Sources: Annual County Financial Report, FY 2000-01, Office of Research & Statistics, Budget & Control Board. Annual Municipal Financial Report, FY 200001, Office of Research & Statistics, Budget & Control Board. 202 County and Municipal Criminal Justice Expenditures, FY 01 County Municipal 250 200 Millions of Dollars 150 100 50 0 Law Enforcement Corrections Judicial & Legal Other Public Victim Rights Safety 203 Law enforcement is the largest area of criminal justice employment for both county and municipal governments. LOCAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE EMPLOYMENT IN SOUTH CAROLINA: FY 01 Function Judicial & Legal Corrections Law Enforcement Other Public Safety Victim Rights Total County 2,451 2,456 4,076 464 115 9,560 Municipal 352 19 4,629 205 32 5,237 Note: Number of employees is rounded to the nearest whole number (part time employees are often represented as fractions of an employee). Sources: Annual County Financial Report, FY 2000-01, Office of Research & Statistics, Budget & Control board. Annual Municipal Financial Report, FY 200001, Office of Research & Statistics, Budget & Control Board. 204 County and Municipal Criminal Justice Employment, FY 01 County Municipal 5,000 4,000 Number of Employees 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Law Enforcement Judicial & Legal Corrections Other Public Safety Victim Rights 205 SOURCES Publications: Act No. 164 (1993) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions. Act No. 497 (1994) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions. Act No. 145 (1995) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions. Act No. 458 (1996) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions. Act No. 155 (1997) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions. Act No. 419 (1998) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions. Act No. 100(1999) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions. Act No. 387(2000) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions. Act No. 66(2001) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions. Act No. 289 (2002) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions. Act No. 91 (2003) SC Acts & Joint Resolutions. Annual County Financial Report, FY 2000-01, Office of Research & Statistics, Budget & Control Board. Annual Municipal Financial Report, FY 2000-01, Office of Research & Statistics, Budget & Control Board. Crime in South Carolina, 1976 through 2000 & 2002, State Law Enforcement Division. Crime in the United States (Uniform Crime Reports), 1979 through 2002. United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigations. Prisoners in 2002, Bureau of Justice Statistics. 206 School Crime Incidents in South Carolina Public Schools June 2001 through May 2002, South Carolina Department of Education. South Carolina Department of Corrections Annual Report, Fiscal Years 1975 through 2002. South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice Annual Statistical Report, Fiscal Years 1993 through 2002. South Carolina Department of Parole and Community Corrections Annual Report, Fiscal Years 1983 through 1985. South Carolina Department of Probation, Paroles and Pardons Annual Report, Fiscal Years 1979 through 1982. South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services Annual Report, Fiscal Years 1986 through 1994. South Carolina Department of Youth Services Annual Statistical Report, Fiscal Years 1982 through 1992. South Carolina Judicial Department Annual Report, 1979 through 1998. Unpublished data provided by: South Carolina Budget & Control Board, Office of Research & Statistical Services. South Carolina Department of Corrections, Division of Inspections and Operational Review. South Carolina Division of Law Enforcement. South Carolina Judicial Department. South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole & Pardon Services. United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 207