Theory THEORY 1 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

							THEORY 1           FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING THEORY
       CASHFLOW STATEMENTS
2010   Why are Cash Flow Statements prepared?
  1)   CFS are prepared in order to analyse cash inflows and outflows
  2)   They are also prepared to emphasise to shareholders etc. that p
  3)   CFS are used to assess the liquidity of the business and as an a
  4)   To assist in predicting future future cash flows.

2006 What is a non-cash item?
     A non-cash item is an expense or a gain recorded in the P & L A
     or increasing the profit but does not involve the movement of cas
     Examples include: Depreciation on Fixed Assets, Profit(Loss) on
     in the Bad Debt Provision.
2001
2004 Why does Profit not necessarly mean a corresponding incre
   1 Some items affect profit but not cash, e.g. depreciation.
   2 Some items affect cash flow but have no effect on profit, e.g. pu
     Fixed Assets.
   3 There is a time delay between the recording of sales and the col
     credit sales from debtors.

       Financial Reporting Standard No.1 (FRS 1)
       FRS 1 requires large companies to prepare Cash Flow Statemen
       under the following headings:            1 Operating Activitie
                                                2 Returns on Investm
                                                3 Taxation;
                                                4 Capital Expenditur
                                                5 Equity Dividends;
                                                6 Management of Liq
                                                7 Financing.

     Liquid Resources
     Liquid resources are any financial assets other than cash/bank t
     convertible into cash. Such resources include Government Secu
     Government Stocks(Bonds).

2010 Cash Expense: is an expense that reduces both Profit and Cash
     Non-Cash Expense: is an expense that reduces Profit but not C
NG THEORY



 flows and outflows during the previous year.
 eholders etc. that profits do not equal cash.
usiness and as an aid to management in financial planning.



orded in the P & L A/C which has the effect of reducing
he movement of cash.
sets, Profit(Loss) on sale of a Fixed Asset, or an increase


orresponding increase in Cash?
 preciation.
 ct on profit, e.g. purchase/sale of

of sales and the collection time of



Cash Flow Statement for each period
 Operating Activities;
 Returns on Investment and Servicing of Finance;
 Taxation;
 Capital Expenditure and Financial Investment;
 Equity Dividends;
 Management of Liquid Resources;
 Financing.


er than cash/bank that are easily and quickly
e Government Securities, short-term deposits and


both Profit and Cash.
uces Profit but not Cash, e.g. depreciation.