An Introduction to
ANGEL INVESTING
OUTLINE
• • • • • Who are these Angels? Entrepreneur-friendly Communities Company Formation and Startup Funding Portfolio Strategy for Angel Investors Post-investment Relationship between Entrepreneurs and Angel Investors • Why Angels are Joining Groups • The Angel Investing Process • The Power of Angel Investing Seminar
Angel Investors
(vs. private investors)
• Invest money in seed, startup and early stage companies • Invest time in entrepreneurs and their companies
– Business acumen – Mentoring and coaching – Serve on boards – Make business introductions
Who are these Angel Investors
• Often successful, exited entrepreneurs or retired business persons – active investors
– Invest both time and money in companies
• Accredited Investors - SEC definition • Angels invest their own money (not money managers) • Investing in local companies
Motivation:
Why Become an Angel Investor?
• • • • • Helping entrepreneurs Stay engaged – using skills and experiences to help build a business Giving back to community or university An active form of investing – not just watching markets Return on Investment is the metric
How do Angels fit into Entrepreneur-friendly Communities
Entrepreneur-friendly Communities
VCs Funding Sources Grants Angels
Banks SBIRs
Service Providers
Mentors Coaches Role models
ENTREPRENEURS
Entrepreneurship Center
Bus Plans Education Networking
Colleges & Universities Companies Sources of Talented People
Technology Innovations Product Ideas
Labs
New Company Formation and Funding Sources for Startup Companies
Who are Funding Startup Companies
• • • • Friends, Family (and Fools) – FFF Angel Investors Venture Capitalists Other
– Government grants (SBIRs, etc.) – State and local programs
• Friends, family & fools
Typical round: $10,000 Each investor: $ 2,000
Source: estimate
• Not accredited Unsophisticated Investing in a friend Passive 1-2 lifetime investments ($100 to $5,000 each) • Accredited Expertise and personal money Active Investing in entrepreneur Portfolio of angel deals
• Angels
Typical round: $600,000 Each investor: $ 40,000
Source: Center for Venture Research
• Venture Capital
Typical round: $7,000,000 Each investor: $3,000,000
Source: PWC MoneyTree
• Limited partnership Institutional money General Partners active Invest in company Large portfolio
Funding Seed and Startup Entrepreneurs
(typical year)
• • • •
Startup companies Funded by FF&F Funded by Angels Funded by VCs
500,000 200,000 (est.) 35 - 50,000 < 500
Estimated that 90% of Outside Equity Capital in Seed/Startup Stage Companies is Sourced from Angels
An Angel Portfolio Strategy
An Angel Investing Strategy:
Portfolio Considerations
• • • • 5-10% of net worth (asset allocation) 8-10 investments (risk diversification) High tech, low tech, no tech (your choice) Variety of involvements
– Lead investor – Board, advisor – Passive
• Most of ROI from 1 - 2 of 10 companies
Implications of this Strategy
• Net Worth Requirements
(testing the SEC definition of an accredited investor)
• Return on Investment implications
Definition:
Accredited Investor
• Financial position of investor:
• Net worth: $1 million, or • Annual personal income: $200K, or • Family income: $300K
• Assumption:
• Knowledgeable – capable of due diligence • Can afford to lose invested funds
• Implications:
• Giving up regulated disclosure
Implications:
Angel Investor Net Worth
• • • • • Typical angel investment ~$25K 10 investments = $250,000 invested 100% reserves, another $250,000 10% of Net Worth ($500K/10% = $5 million) Therefore:
– Minimum net worth for angels = $5 million – SEC definition is 70 years old
Angel Expectations: 25%/yr
25 20 Returns 15 10 22.4 18.7
Historical 20 Year Returns for Alternative Assets
18.7 16.5
14.9
13.2
5
0
Seed Funds All Venture Hedg e Funds Buyout s S & P 500 NASDAQ
Source: Venture Economics, HFRI Equity Hedge Index
Implications:
Size of Each Opportunity
• 1-2 in 10 investments will produce almost all of the ROI for the portfolio • These successes must yield 20-30X ROI
(Nonbelievers: Do the calculations!)
• And…we cannot pick the winners • Therefore, all portfolio companies must demonstrate the opportunity for a 20-30X return on investment.
Integrating Exits into Portfolio Strategy
• VCs exit in 3-5 years (assume 5) • Angels invest earlier and expect to exit in 5-7 years (assume 7) • A balanced angel portfolio contains ten companies. • Consequently, angels should invest in 2-3 companies per year
– Build to ten company portfolio gradually – A portfolio of companies in all stages of development – Good balance for investors time
Exit Strategies
12000
20X
10000
100X
8000 6000
4000
2000
0
IPO M&A
1999
2000
2001
2002
2002 Software Industry Equity Update
Economic Benefit from Angel Invested Entrepreneurs and their Companies
We have absolutely no data but
Consider the following:
• Angels invest in 7-10% of all startup companies • Angels only invest in companies that will scale
– 20 to 30 times growth in valuation in 5-7 years – Employment created by these companies is high
• David Birch (MIT) and others have demonstrated that high growth companies create all net new jobs in America. • Angel-funded companies create lots of jobs
We have absolutely no data but
Consider the following:
• Anecdotal data suggests Angel Investors and the Entrepreneurs in whom they invest enjoy some very successful exits. • Exited entrepreneurs often become angels • Angels often reinvest portfolio returns • The wealth creation from angel investing is spawning an even greater number of companies.
Post-Investment Relationship
Angels invest time in portfolio companies
• Angels bring expertise to portfolio
– – – – Business acumen Vertical expertise Financial experience Director service
• Common roles
– Advisor, Mentor, Coach, Director – Except in emergency, not paid consultant
Portfolio Considerations
• With many portfolio companies
– Not active in all, pick roles suited to your skills – Let other angels serve remainder of companies
• As contribution fades, exit in favor of new directors, advisors • Limit number of Boards to 3-5
Why Angels Join Groups
Growth in Angel Organizations
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Data provided by Professor J. Sohl, University of New Hampshire
Solo Angels
• Process is time-consuming
– Deal sourcing – Reading plans – Due diligence
• Due diligence is difficult
– Finding vertical experience – May require using outside experts
• Legal support is expensive
Investing through Angel Orgs
• • • • • • Dividing the work eases the pain Variety of vertical experience available Standardized processes and term sheets Deal flow encouraged, entrepreneur-friendly Pick and choose the deals you like Great camaraderie among the like-minded
The Angel Investing Process
Summary:
Angel Investing Process
• • • • • • Pre-screening Screening Due diligence Investment presentation Follow-up discussions and meetings Closing
Deal Flow Statistics
• • • • • Prescreening Screening Due Diligence Investment OVERALL 1 in 4 to Screening 1 in 3 to DD 1 in 3 to Inv. Meeting 1 in 2 raise money 1 in 72 who apply receive investment
Power of Angel Investing
• • • • Developed by Kauffman Delivered more than 30 times in the US Trained over 500 angel investors High ratings by participants
– – – – Knowledgeable speakers Important topics & content Relevant & beneficial information Well presented information 4.64/5.00 4.60/5.00 4.60/5.00 4.54/5.00
Seminar Content
• • • • • • Is angel investing right for you Where to find good deals Due diligence Structuring the deal Valuation The post-investment relationship
Seminar Format & Delivery
• • • • All day experience Networking opportunities Designed for 20-25 accredited investors Mix of learning methods
– Lectures – Panel discussions – Case study exercise (valuation)
SUMMARY
• Angels are making a difference
– In job creation – In wealth creation by providing equity capital and mentoring to entrepreneurs
• Plan a portfolio strategy as you begin investing • Join an angel organization
– Good deal flow – Robust processes – Great camaraderie
This introduction to angel investing was developed by the Kauffman Foundation for the Angel Capital Association. It is designed as a recruiting tool for angel organizations and to introduce interested groups to the subject. For more information on Kauffman’s Angel Initiative, the Angel Capital Association, or the Power of Angel Investing seminar for new angel investors, contact: Marianne Hudson (800) 489-1447 mhudson@kauffman.org