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Handbook of Radiological Operations
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Springfield, Illinois
5th Edition
2004
Prepared by
Radiological Control Committee
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
801 North Rutledge
Springfield, Illinois
1
EMERGENCY INFORMATION
In the event of an accident involving radioactive material
or a radiation producing device, contact:
(During regular hours)
Office of Radiological Control 545-7581 or 545-2615
(After hours, weekends, and holidays)
SIU-SOM Security 545-7777
If the accident involves personal injury or fire, immediately call: 911
for assistance and then notify the RSO and Campus Security as soon as possible.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
HANDBOOK OF RADIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS (APPENDIX I - IDNS) PAGE
FOREWARD 6
ABBREVIATIONS 8
SECTION 1 Introduction 9
1.1 Scope 9
1.2 Purpose 9
1.3 Office of Radiological Control 9
SECTION 2 Administration of the Radiological Control Program 10
2.1 Radiological Control Committee (RCC) 10
2.2 Duties and Responsibilities of the RCC 11
2.3 Duties and Responsibilities of the Chairman 13
2.4 Duties and Responsibilities of the Secretary 13
2.5 Duties and Responsibilities of the Radiological Safety 14
Officer (RSO)
2.6 Duties and Responsibilities of the Radiological Laboratory 18
Supervisor (RLS)
SECTION 3 Administrative Procedures and Regulations for 22
Procurement, Possession and Use of Radioactive Materials
3.1 General 22
3.2 Procurement of Radioactive Materials 22
3.3 Use of Radioactive Materials 28
3.4 Use of Radionuclides in Animals 32
3.5 Human Use 34
3.6 Environmental Use 35
3.7 Storage of Radioactive Materials 35
3.8 Records 36
3.9 Transfer of Radioactive Materials 37
3.10 Shielding 38
3.11 Use in Laboratory Classes or Short-Term Projects by 38
Students
SECTION 4 Radioactive Waste Disposal 39
4.1 Waste Disposal Procedures 39
4.2 Disposal by Incineration 40
4.3 Accidental Release 40
3
HANDBOOK OF RADIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS PAGE
SECTION 5 Personnel Monitoring 41
5.1 External Personnel Monitoring 41
5.2 Exemption from Personnel Monitoring 43
5.3 Internal and Accidental Personnel Monitoring 43
SECTION 6 Emergency Procedures 46
6.1 General 46
6.2 Procedures 46
SECTION 7 Personnel and Area Decontamination 49
7.1 General 49
7.2 Personnel Decontamination 49
7.3 Area Decontamination 50
SECTION 8 Facilities 51
8.1 Design Criteria 51
SECTION 9 Enforcement Action 54
9.1 Reporting 54
9.2 RCC Action 54
9.3 Possible Regulatory Action 54
9.4 Appeal Procedures 55
APPENDIX II Instructions for the Use of RCC Forms 57
APPENDIX III Procedures for Requisition of Radioactive Materials 86
Memorandum to Faculty, Staff and Administrative 87
Personnel Regarding Purchasing and Receiving
Radioactive Materials
Memorandum to Radiological Laboratory Supervisors 88
Regarding Radioisotope Purchase Procedure Revision
Effective FY’ 04
APPENDIX IV Exempted Materials 90
APPENDIX V Transport Grouping of Radionuclides 92
APPENDIX VI Program for Maintaining Occupational Radiation Exposure 99
ALARA
APPENDIX VII Regulatory Agency Information Resources 102
APPENDIX VIII Basic Outline for Radiation Safety Instruction 104
APPENDIX IX Required Training and Experience for RLS 107
4
HANDBOOK OF RADIOLOGICAL OPERATIONS PAGE
APPENDIX X Radiation Safety Training Program 120
Module 1: General Properties of Radionuclides 124
Module 2: Biological Effects of Radiation 138
Module 3: Risk Associated with Occupational 153
Radiation Exposure
Module 4: Practical Aspects of Radionuclide Use 159
Module 5: Radiological Laboratory Supervisors 169
Module 6: Use of Radionuclides in Live Animals 173
5
FOREWORD
This edition of the “Handbook of Radiological Operations (HRO),” was prepared by the
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield Radiological Control Committee
(RCC). The following procedures and/or regulations are promulgated to assure the safe
utilization of radiation on all properties under the control of Southern Illinois University School
of Medicine - Springfield.
This Handbook has been modified from the “Handbook of Radiological Operations” from the
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Carbondale campus. It contains the rules,
regulations and procedures necessary to ensure compliance with state regulations of the State of
Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety. It also includes the rules and procedures which the RCC
has deemed necessary in order to safeguard personnel, property and the community-at-large from
possible exposure to hazardous levels of radiation.
The purpose of the Handbook is to supplement State regulations for the control of radiation but
in no case is intended to replace these regulations. In the event that future State regulations are
found to differ from the requirements herein, the regulatory body’s regulations shall be adhered
to unless the rules and regulations contained herein are the most stringent.
Note:
In the context of this Handbook, when the terms shall, should, and may are designed by
underscoring:
1. The term shall indicates a mandatory regulation which is necessary and/or
essential to meet currently accepted standards of protection.
2. The term should indicates a recommendation which must be adhered to unless
there are valid reasons for its exclusion.
3. The term may indicates a recommended practice of a more optional nature.
The RCC shall review this Handbook annually and update as occasion demands. Changes may
be made to this Handbook to facilitate the administration of the Radiation Safety Program. If
these changes do not affect the safe handling and use of radioactive material, these changes will
not be submitted as a separate license amendment. Hence, a semi-permanent binding and a
numbering system by sections and subsections have been utilized to facilitate any needed
changes. Revisions will be circulated on a page-by-page or (sub) section-by- (sub) section basis,
after approval by the RCC and appropriate regulatory authorities has been obtained, and shall be
immediately incorporated into the applicant’s Handbook. The revised pages will be designated
with an effective date of issue, and all changes shall be recorded on the log page provided at the
front of the Handbook. The out-of-date pages shall be promptly destroyed upon substitution of
the revisions.
6
As this Handbook is primarily for your use, the RCC would appreciate any suggestions or
comments you may have toward improving it. These suggestions should be submitted in writing
to the Office of Radiological Control (ORC) for forwarding to the RCC.
7
ABBREVIATIONS
IDNS - Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety
RCC - Radiological Control Committee
RSO - Radiation Safety Officer
NRC - Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NCRP - National Council on Radiation Protection
ORC - Office of Radiological Control
CFR - Code of Federal Regulations
RLS - Radiological Laboratory Supervisor
MPD - Maximum Permissible Dose
MPC - Maximum Permissible Concentration
- Micro (10-6)
m - Milli (10-3)
Ci - Micro Curies
mCi - Milli Curies
- Gamma Ray
- Beta Particle
- Alpha Particle
8
SECTION 1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
The IDNS has granted a specific license of broad scope for the possession and use of by-product
material and a license for the possession and use of source material for research, development,
and instructional purposes. By specific reference, the contents of SECTIONS 1 through 9 of this
Handbook, where applicable, have been incorporated into this license. Other portions of the
Handbook are applicable under other existing State rules and regulations and/or accepted safety
standards.
It is therefore incumbent upon each individual seeking authorization from the RCC for the
utilization of radioactive materials and/or radiation-producing devices to familiarize themselves
with and to conform to the rules, regulations and procedures contained in the Handbook.
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of the Handbook is to provide a general reference to Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine - Springfield personnel as to the present organization, policies and
procedures adopted at the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield campus.
Also included are pertinent State regulations and the services available to all users of radioactive
materials and radiation-producing devices.
Obviously, it is impractical to provide a set of rules and regulations, which will cover every
possible contingency. As a result, this Handbook is of a more generalized nature. You are
primarily responsible for your own safety.
Read this Handbook and govern your activities accordingly. If your particular problem does not
appear to be covered, contact the RSO for assistance. The RCC has established and provided for
staff in the ORC to serve as a service to Southern Illinois University School of Medicine -
Springfield personnel utilizing radiation. Although warranted enforcement action can and will
be taken if deemed necessary to assure compliance with State regulations, as specified in
SECTION 9 Enforcement.
1.3 Office of Radiological Control
The Officer of Radiological Control shall consist of the Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) and the
appropriate supportive staff.
9
SECTION 2 Administration of the Radiological Control Program
2.1 Radiological Control Committee (RCC)
2.1.1 Function
The Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield RCC advises the Dean
and Provost or his designee on all matters relating to the Illinois Department of Nuclear
Safety license issued to Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield and
to the procurement and safe use of radioactive materials and radiation-producing devices
within the Southern Illinois School of Medicine - Springfield campus. The RCC is
thereby authorized to regulate the procurement, utilization and disposal of all radioactive
materials and radiation-producing devices in order to assure compliance with the
Regulations of the Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety to safeguard the health and
safety of Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield personnel and of
the entire community. The RCC also serves as the official advisory body to the faculty
and staff of the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield in matters
relating to the safe use of all radioactive materials and radiation-producing devices in
teaching, research and development.
The RCC formulates basic policies for uniform practice throughout the Springfield
campus wherever radioactive materials or radiation-producing devices are involved. The
regulative and monitoring functions of the RCC relate primarily to the fundamental
responsibility of Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield to assure
that radioactive materials are being procured, utilized and disposed of in such a manner
so as to preclude the possibility of endangering the health or safety of Southern Illinois
University School of Medicine - Springfield personnel, students or residents of the
community.
2.1.2 Membership
Members of the RCC are appointed by the Dean and Provost of Southern Illinois
University School of Medicine - Springfield or his designee upon recommendation of the
RCC. Appointments are effective for an indefinite period.
2.1.2.1 Voting Members
The RCC shall consist of a minimum of four (4) faculty and one representative of
the Dean and Provost who shall be designated as voting members.
These voting members should possess a competence in at least one (1) area of radiation
use and safety. The Radiological Control Committee shall consist of at least one
authorized user of each type of radioactive material authorized on the Southern Illinois
University School of Medicine - Springfield license.
10
2.1.2.2 Ex Officio (Nonvoting) Members
The remainder of the RCC shall be composed of nonvoting members representing
any Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield offices selected
by the RCC as required to advise the RCC on Southern Illinois University School
of Medicine - Springfield procedural matters; aid in the promulgation of
established RCC policies and assist in ensuring the Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine - Springfield-wide compliance with these policies, e.g.,
Safety Office, Department of Purchasing.
2.1.3 Officers
The RCC shall elect, or the Dean shall appoint, from its voting membership a Chairman
and a Secretary.
2.1.4 Meetings
The RCC shall meet at least once during each three (3) month period at a place and hour
of common agreement. Other meetings may be called by the Chairman or any two (2)
RCC members (voting or nonvoting) on an as-needed basis.
The RCC shall require that the RSO, a member of the administration and the RCC Chair
be present in addition to one-half of the voting members in order to form a quorum.
Any amendment to or alteration of the Handbook shall require the approval of at least
two-thirds (2/3) of the voting membership and IDNS, if applicable. Proposed
amendments to or alteration of the Handbook shall be presented for the discussion and
review of the RCC at any given meeting. Subsequent action to approve or disapprove
shall not be taken prior to the distribution to the RCC of an agenda, including the text of
the proposal, establishing the date and hour of the next meeting.
For other matters not concerned with the Handbook, approval by a simple majority of a
quorum is required.
2.2 Duties and Responsibilities of the RCC
The RCC shall report directly to the Office of the Dean and Provost of Southern Illinois
University School of Medicine - Springfield. The RCC shall:
2.2.1
Review the entire radiation safety program at least annually.
11
2.2.2
Assume responsibility from the standpoint of radiological safety for all Southern Illinois
University School of Medicine - Springfield programs involving radioactivity or
radiation-producing devices, as required by State rules and regulations.
Radioactive material, radioisotope or radioactivity, as used herein, refers to the
property of certain nuclides to spontaneously emit radiation or to undergo spontaneous
fission.
Radiation, as used herein, is defined as all x-rays, gamma rays, coherent and other
hazardous electromagnetic waves, alpha and beta particles, high-speed electrons,
neutrons, protons and other nuclear particles.
Radiological safety, as used herein, refers to the safe use and handling of radioactivity or
radiation in any application including, but not restricted to, teaching, research,
development and medical diagnosis and therapy.
2.2.3
Review and approve or disapprove the use of radioactivity or radiation-producing devices
within the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield solely from the
standpoint of radiological safety. RCC approval of health and safety measures shall be
obtained before any radioactive materials or radiation-producing devices may be
procured within Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield.
Applicants shall submit all required forms before any RCC action is taken.
All Principal Investigators approved for the use of radioactive materials and/or radiation-
producing devices under the provisions of this section shall assume responsibility for
assuring observance of all regulations set forth in this Handbook. These Principal
Investigators shall be referred to hereafter as the Radiological Laboratory Supervisors or
RLS.
2.2.4
Describe special conditions, requirements or restrictions as may be deemed necessary to
protect Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield personnel, students
and the general population from health hazards associated with the use of radioactive
materials and radiation-producing devices on all properties under the control of Southern
Illinois University School of Medicine – Springfield.
All such conditions, restrictions or requirements shall be made in accordance with
existing State regulations governing radiological control and public safety.
12
2.2.5
Review and approve or disapprove all plans and specifications prior to the construction of
new structures or the remodeling of existing structures in which the use of radioactivity
or radiation-producing devices is contemplated. Written approval shall be obtained from
the RCC prior to the initiation of construction.
2.2.6
Serve as Southern Illinois University School of Medicine’s - Springfield sole liaison with
the Illinois State Department of Nuclear Safety in matters of registration, licensing,
procurement, records and radiological control.
2.2.7
Prepare and disseminate information through the Chairman and the RSO on radiological
safety, appropriate practices, procedures and rules related thereto for the use and
guidance of all personnel.
2.2.8
The RCC will require quarterly reports of all radiation surveys made of the laboratories
under Southern Illinois University School of Medicine’s - Springfield control. These
reports will review the findings of the RSO during his routine inspections, and the RCC
will make any appropriate recommendations based on his findings in its review.
2.3 Duties and Responsibilities of the Chairman
The Chairman of the RCC shall chair the RCC and serve as the administrative Officer in
promulgating the policies established by the RCC. The Chairman of the RCC, with the consent
of the majority of the RCC members, shall recommend the appointment, dismissal or discharge
of the RSO to the Dean and Provost or his designee. He is also authorized to direct enforcement
of policy and procedural matters by the RSO regarding the operation of the ORC. He shall
report directly to the Dean and Provost or his designee.
The Chairman shall sign all official documents and sign all “Application for Procurement and
Use of Radioisotopes (form RCC-1)” and “Application: Radiation Equipment and Facilities
Approval” (form RCC-3) forms after approval by the RCC to authenticate the approval action of
the RCC.
2.4 Duties and Responsibilities of the Secretary
The Secretary of the RCC shall maintain a record of actions taken by the RCC in reviewing the
use of the radioactivity and radiation-producing devices and other transactions, communications
and reports involved in the work of the RCC. These records of the proceedings shall be recorded
and circulated by the Secretary to RCC membership and certain personnel of the Southern
13
Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield having specific interest in the proceedings.
The Secretary shall chair any RCC meetings held in the absence of the Chairman.
2.5 Duties and Responsibilities of the Radiation Safety Officer (RSO)
The Radiation Safety Officer will be the liaison from the ORC to the RCC. The RSO shall
function as a primary agent of the RCC in the day-to-day technical administrative operation of
the radiological control program and supervision of the ORC support staff. As the primary
agent, the RSO shall have the responsibility to enforce state regulations relating to the safe use of
radioactive materials and ionizing radiation producing devices.
With the concurrence of the Chairman of the RCC, the RSO shall recommend to the Dean and
Provost or his designee candidates for appointment to, performance evaluation of, merit raises
for, promotion of or dismissal or discharge from appropriate supportive staff positions, including
the Radiation Safety Technician position.
If the RSO and the Chairman of the RCC cannot reach a consensus on a candidate, the Dean and
Provost or his designee shall make an appropriate decision. The Dean and Provost or his
designee shall appoint a candidate to the position.
The RSO shall be directly responsible to the Chairman of the RCC concerning the enforcement
of policies and procedures established by the RCC. The RSO shall also be responsible to the
Dean and Provost or his designee concerning the administration of the ORC.
The ORC staff shall function as a service and resource organization to all Southern Illinois
University - Springfield personnel on matters involving radiation including, but not limited to,
the following:
The RSO shall see that emergency services are provided on a twenty-four (24) hour basis. A
radiological response plan is under continuing development and State teams are available if
deemed necessary by the RSO and/or a voting RCC member.
The RSO will maintain a small library of informational material to assist Southern Illinois
University School of Medicine - Springfield personnel in hazard evaluation, handling techniques,
technical problems and equipment and supply procurement and will be available for reference.
The RSO will aid in any safety analysis of proposed or on-going radiation projects and/or
procedures and may also be able to assist in experimental design.
The RSO shall maintain a capability to survey any radiological operation under Southern Illinois
University School of Medicine - Springfield control and will be available to monitor and provide
assistance in any operations, which appear to be particularly hazardous. The following duties and
responsibilities are included:
a. Assure that radioactive material possessed by the licensee conforms to the
material authorized by the license.
14
b. Assure that only individuals authorized by the license use radioactive material.
c. Investigate each known or suspected case of excessive or abnormal
exposure to determine the cause and take steps to prevent its recurrence.
d. Be immediately available to serve as a point of contact with the Department and
give assistance in case of emergency (e.g., damage, fire, theft, etc.).
e. Assure that the proper authorities (i.e., the Department, local police, U.S.
Department of Transportation, etc.) are notified promptly in case of accident,
damage, theft, or loss of radioactive material.
The RSO shall be required to perform or directly supervise the following service and
enforcement functions:
2.5.1
Receive applications for procurement and use of radioactive materials and radiation-
producing devices to be forwarded to the RCC for approval or disapproval. Maintain a
file of all applications and resumes of all approved applicants.
2.5.2
Provide inspections for all sites in which radioactive materials or radiation-producing
devices are utilized or where use is proposed. A preoperative survey shall be performed.
A final “close-out” postoperative survey shall be required before a radiation use area can
be released for general use as outlined in SECTION 8 Facilities.
2.5.3
Arrange for and perform announced and unannounced radiation surveys, inspections and
monitoring of all sites in which radioactive materials and radiation producing devices are
used, and maintain results of such surveys as required by 32 Ill. Adm. Code
340.1130(a)(1). Such surveys will be performed at least quarterly in such a manner as to
detect all radiations from the radionuclides being used in that laboratory.
2.5.3.l
Quarterly audits involve the unannounced inspection by the RSO or his designee
of all laboratories authorized for the use of radioactive material. Requirements of
laboratory wipe surveys and material inventory records maintained by the RLS
will be inspected for compliance. All radioactive material(s) possessed within the
laboratory will be checked against what is authorized to the RLS.
A Laboratory Survey Report (Appendix II, Form RCC-11 or equivalent) will be
completed during each laboratory inspection. The report will identify additional
inspection checks of each laboratory or area as listed on page two (2) of form
RCC-11.
15
2.5.3.2
Contamination surveys of laboratories will involve the following: A drawing of
each lab identifying relevant features such as active storage areas, active waste
areas, etc. A survey will be conducted with a G-M survey instrument with
sensitivity for the radionuclide involved and will be keyed to a location on the
drawing. Any stored material, including radioactive waste, shall be shielded in
such a way that the dose rate at the surface of the shield does not exceed 2.0
milliroentgen per hour (mR/hr).
A wipe contamination survey will be performed on randomly selected areas
within the lab (e.g., benches, equipment, chairs, doors, phones, floors, etc). A
series of wipe surveys are used to measure contamination levels keyed to lab
drawing. The method for performing wipe surveys will be sufficiently sensitive
to detect 200 dpm per 100 cm2, beta/gamma, for the contaminant involved. If
contamination is detected above 200 dpm per 100 cm2, the area will be identified
to the RLS by the RSO.
The RLS is responsible for cleaning and performing a wipe and G-M survey of an
area(s) indicated by the RSO to be contaminated in excess of the allowable limits
(200 dpm per 100 cm2) and submitting those results to the RSO as soon as
possible. The results of decontamination surveys will be reviewed for compliance
by the RSO. All records of correspondence between the RSO and RLS shall be
retained on file for a period of five (5) years.
2.5.4
Supervise all personnel monitoring, including badges, rings and dosimeter control,
required bioassays, and maintain all appropriate records in a common file as required by
32 Ill. Adm. Code 340.1160.
2.5.5
Supervise and assure that periodic calibration and maintenance of monitoring equipment
is performed. Approve the acquisition of monitoring equipment to assure that adequate
sensitivity, standardization, calibration and reliability factors are provided.
2.5.6
Serve as liaison agent between Southern Illinois University School of Medicine -
Springfield staff and the RCC.
2.5.7
Provide and assure that proper posting, procedural instructions and caution forms are
displayed in all appropriate areas.
16
2.5.8
Perform required leak tests on sealed sources at intervals not to exceed six (6) months.
2.5.9
Assure the proper registration of radioactive materials, x-ray units, lasers and other
radiation-producing devices with the Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety (IDNS).
2.5.10
Supervise, evaluate and approve or disapprove all requisitions for purchase of radioactive
materials and radiation-producing devices. Approval or disapproval action will be based
solely upon the Principal Investigator’s RCC-approved application for procurement,
inventory limits and the current Southern Illinois University School of Medicine -
Springfield inventory. Approval shall be indicated on all requisitions by the RSO before
the Department of Purchasing is authorized to initiate purchasing procedure. See
Subsection 3.2 Procurement of Radioactive Materials.
2.5.11
Order, receive, survey, supervise delivery and maintain records of all shipments of
radioactive materials. Maintain a master inventory of all radioactive materials and
radiation-producing devices located at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine -
Springfield.
2.5.12
Supervise and perform all collection, storage and disposal of all radioactive wastes, and
maintain records of same.
2.5.13
Assist radiation users in technical and/or administrative radiological protection problems.
2.5.14
Prepare news and/or publicity release for the Southern Illinois University School of
Medicine - Springfield on radiation matters to be cleared by the Chairman or any other
two (2) voting RCC members for release to the news media via the Dean and Provost’s
Office when requested or deemed necessary.
17
2.5.15
The RSO is also responsible for radiation-producing devices such as: lasers, microwave
devices, x-ray, TV receivers, electron microscopes, neutron generators, ultraviolet and
infrared units, signal generators, remote control devices, and transmission equipment.
2.5.16
Review records generated by designees and the performance of designees at least once in
each calendar quarter. Records of quarterly reviews of designees by the RSO will be
maintained for IDNS inspection. These review records will include:
(1) The date of the review;
(2) The name of the designee being reviewed;
(3) A list of all duties reviewed by the RSO;
(4) Results of the review; and,
(5) The signature of the RSO.
2.5.17
Maintain all permanent records and files for inspection, as required by state law for
perusal by authorized personnel.
2.5.18
Shall provide instruction to workers as required in 32 Ill. Adm. Code 400.120 on a yearly
basis. The contents of this instruction are outlined in APPENDIX VIII. See also
Subsection 2.6, Article 2.6.6 of this Handbook.
2.6 Duties and Responsibilities of the Radiological Laboratory Supervisor (RLS) and
Laboratory Personnel.
The RLS is both legally and morally responsible for the safety of the project personnel under his
auspices. To fulfill this obligation all pertinent rules and regulations contained in this Handbook
shall be strictly complied with. Good safety techniques shall be utilized at all times; full
cooperation shall be extended to the RSO; and the RLS shall have full knowledge of all
laboratory operations at all times in order to assure compliance. The RLS shall assure that:
2.6.1
Safe storage areas, shielding (if required) and the security of radioactive materials and
radiation-producing devices is maintained at all times (refer to 32 Ill. Adm. Code
340.810). Radioactive materials in unrestricted areas shall be under lock and key at all
times when not in use and authorized personnel are not present.
18
Proper warning signs, notices, emergency procedures and cautions are posted and utilized
properly. See Subsection 3.3, Article 3.3.1 and 32 Ill. Adm. Code 340.910 - 340.950.
2.6.2
Adequate operational, calibrated monitoring devices are provided and utilized properly,
e.g., body dosimeters, ring badges, scintillation detectors, and survey meters.
2.6.3
Accurate and current inventory and any other RCC required records are maintained. See
Subsection 3.8 Records.
2.6.4
An accurate, current and complete “Application for Procurement and Use of
Radioisotopes” (form RCC-1) and “Application: Radiation Equipment and Facilities
Approval” (form RCC-3) forms are on file in the ORC and have been approved by the
RCC before any project work is undertaken. The RLS shall submit a completed “Request
for Amendment to Application for Procurement and Use of Radioisotopes” (form RCC-
12) prior to any change in the following:
a. Experimental procedures
b. Radionuclide(s)
c. Possession limit or chemical form
d. Change in personnel or facilities
2.6.5
All project personnel and employees utilizing radiation shall have a “Statement of
Training and Agreement” (form RCC-2); an “Occupational External Radiation Exposure
History” (form RCC-4); a “Request for Exposure History” (form RCC-4a), as
appropriate; an “Acknowledgement of Video Training” (form RCC-4b) and including the
“Acknowledgement of Instruction” (form RCC-5), as appropriate, on file in the ORC
before commencing work. Exception: See Subsection 3.11 Use in Laboratory Classes or
Short-Term Projects by Students.
2.6.6
All project personnel have successfully completed the minimal competency Certification
Examination for Radioisotope Users (see APPENDIX X), and all project personnel are
adequately trained in the safe utilization of radiation, that they shall employ safe-handling
techniques, that they have knowledge of any particular project hazards, that they have
read and understand all pertinent sections of the Handbook, and State Regulations, and
that they shall comply with all regulations and safety practices therein.
19
2.6.7 Direct Supervision and General Supervision
The RLS shall provide Direct supervision to all project personnel using radioactive
materials for which they are responsible. Direct supervision requires the RLS be
physically present to monitor the safe use and handling of radioactive materials by
project personnel.
General supervision allows project personnel for which the RLS is responsible to
independently use radioactive materials within the laboratory with only infrequent
supervision by the RLS.
The RLS may, for project personnel who have demonstrated competency in the safe use
and handling techniques for utilizing radioactive materials under Direct Supervision,
submit a written request to the ORC for General Supervision. The ORC, after such a
request has been received, shall schedule a time to observe the individual(s) in the
laboratory during the course of an experiment utilizing radioactive material and if
determined competent shall be granted General Supervision. The RLS will be notified
by memo from the ORC stating the outcome of the evaluation process.
2.6.8 Radiological Laboratory Supervisor Absences
Radiological Laboratory Supervisors (RLS) may occasionally be absent from the
laboratory for various reasons. During such absences, another individual must be named
to assume the responsibility for the correct usage and management of radioactive
materials. When the absence is less than 15 days, a responsible individual under
authorization of the RLS, such as a laboratory technician or postdoctoral student may be
appointed as an Alternate RLS (ARLS) to assume responsibility. If the absence is greater
than 15 days, an authorized RLS with the appropriate radioisotope approvals must be
designated, and must agree to assume responsibility.
The individual designated by the RLS to assume responsibility for the management of
radioactive materials in their absence must have full knowledge of all pertinent rules and
regulations contained within the SIU-SOM Handbook of Radiological Operations.
Contingent to appointment as an ARLS, the individual must successfully complete the
RLS Certification Examination (module 5) and meet approval by the Radiological
Control Committee (RCC). To request approval from the RCC, complete all items on
form RCC-14, “Request for Appointment of Alternate Laboratory Supervisor.” The RLS
and the Alternate will be notified in writing from the ORC upon approval or denial of the
request
2.6.9
All requisitions for radioactive materials or radiation-producing devices are forwarded
with a completed “Radionuclide Request Form” (form RCC-6), to the ORC for approval
by the RSO and RCC (as appropriate) prior to forwarding to the Department of
Purchasing (or Departmental Business Manager). After assignment of a purchase number
the requisition is returned to the ORC for ordering.
20
2.6.10
The RSO is immediately notified in the event of an emergency situation or suspected
hazardous situation.
2.6.11
The RSO is consulted in the event that a question of a safety nature arises that is not
specifically covered in the Handbook.
2.6.12
The RSO shall be notified at least two (2) weeks in advance of termination of use of
radioactive material in an approved area. This time period shall be required in order to
assure that all radioactive materials, contaminated apparatus and equipment have been
properly disposed of or transferred correctly to other approved areas.
After all radioactive materials and contaminated apparatus have been removed, the RSO
shall perform a “close-out” contamination survey of the entire area before the area can be
released for general use (See SECTION 8 Facilities).
21
SECTION 3 Administrative Procedures and Regulations for Procurement,
Possession, and Use of Radioactive Materials
3.1 General
Methods for radiation protection and contamination control are outlined in the CFR, NCRP and
IDNS Handbooks and in many basic texts and references dealing with radioisotopes,
radioisotope methodology and health physics. All radioactive materials are obtained under a
license issued by IDNS State regulatory body. The IDNS has established standards for
protection against radiation hazards arising out of activities under such licenses. These
regulations are contained in the 32 Ill. Adm. Code Part 340 and 400, titled “Standards for
Protection Against Radiation” and “Notices, Instruction and Reports to Workers; Inspections,”
respectively. All Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield personnel
engaged in work with radioisotopes or other radiation-emitting materials are subject to the
provisions of these regulations. (Exposure of all individuals under 18 years of age shall be
limited, as specified in 32 Ill. Adm. Code 340.270.
3.2 Procurement of Radioactive Materials
Before any radioactive material is procured for use in any Southern Illinois University School of
Medicine - Springfield facility, an original and valid “Application” (form RCC-1) approval by
the RCC and subsequent approval of each requisition for procurement of radioactive materials by
the RSO shall be required prior to the instigation of Southern Illinois University School of
Medicine - Springfield purchasing procedures.
The term “any radioactive material” includes:
a. All by-product, source and special nuclear materials licensed and
controlled by the State
b. Includes all so-called “generally licensed” or “license exempt” radioactive
materials and activities, except those expressly listed in APPENDIX IV.
3.2.1 Requirements for Approval by RCC
3.2.1.1
In review of the application for use of radionuclides, the RCC will consider the
following criteria:
a. The Principle Investigator shall have received a “continuing
appointment” from Southern Illinois University School of
Medicine – Springfield and shall have title of Instructor, Assistant,
Associate or Full Professor.
22
b. Principle Investigators must successfully complete the
Certification Exam for Radioisotope Users covering information in
the Radiation Safety Training Manual and must be approved by the
RCC to be a Radiological Laboratory Supervisor (RLS). Training
equivalent to that outlined in APPENDIX IX will be necessary to
be able to pass the required examination.
c. The proposed radionuclides and their use are authorized under the
terms of the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine -
Springfield IDNS license.
d. The Principle Investigator’s facilities and equipment allow the
proposed use to be carried out in a safe manner.
e. The Principle Investigator has established operating procedures
and controls to ensure the safe use of radionuclides.
3.2.1.2 Terms of Authorization
The issuance of an authorization allows radioactive material to be received,
possessed, used and disposed of by the authorized applicant, subject to the
conditions in this manual and as specified in the authorization. The authorization
shall be valid for a period of two (2) years from the date of issuance and, by filing
an application for renewal thirty (30) days prior to the date of expiration may be
renewed. As the authorization is specific and limited to the type of use and
procedures as outlined in the application (form RCC-1), any changes in
operational procedures or uses must receive authorization from the Radiation
Safety Officer (RSO).
3.2.1.3 Renewal Application and Amendments to Authorization
Applications for renewal of a previously approved authorization may be made by
submitting a completed “Renewal Application (form RCC-1C) to the ORC.
Amendments to an existing authorization should be filed with the RCC through
the RSO by submitting a completed “Request For Amendment To Application
For Procurement And Use Of Radioisotopes” (form RCC-12) in the same manner
as a new application. However, any information contained in previous
applications may be cited by specific reference.
If the applicant satisfies the above requirements, the RCC will authorize the use of
nuclides as specified in the application, or requested amendment, and a letter to
that effect, signed by the Chairman of the RCC, will be sent to the applicant.
3.2.1.4 Suspension or Termination of Authorization
An authorization for use of radionuclides may be suspended or terminated by
action of the RCC for any of the following reasons:
23
a. The authorized applicant is in violation of the conditions of his
authorization and/or the rules and regulations of this Handbook.
b. The authorization expires without a “Renewal Application” (RCC-1C)
being filed.
c. Suspension or termination of authorization is requested by the authorized
user.
d. The authorized user leaves the Southern Illinois University School of
Medicine - Springfield.
3.2.1.5
Authorization may be suspended by the RSO subject to review by the RCC for
failure to comply with provisions of the Handbook or terms of authorization.
3.2.1.6
The RLS requesting radioactive material shall have a current “Application for
Procurement and Use of Radioisotopes” (form RCC-1) on file in the ORC, which
has received the approval of the RCC allowing the use of the requested isotope
and activity. See APPENDIX II for instructions and list of RCC Forms.
3.2.1.7
The RLS requesting the material shall have a current “Application: Radiation
Equipment and Facilities Approval” (form RCC-3) on file in the ORC approved
by the RCC, demonstrating that adequate facilities and equipment for safe use of
the materials and activity are available. See SECTION 8 Facilities and
APPENDIX II.
3.2.1.8
The RLS shall have on file in the ORC a “Statement of Training and Agreement”
(form RCC-2); an “Occupational External Radiation Exposure History” (form
RCC-4); a “Request for Exposure History” (form RCC-4a), as appropriate; an
“Acknowledgement of Video Training (form RCC-4b); and an
“Acknowledgement of Instruction” (form RCC-5), as appropriate, for each
individual associated with the use or handling of the requested material.
3.2.1.9
The acquisition of radioactive material shall not cause the RLS’s inventory of the
requested material to exceed the maximum possession limit established by RCC.
24
3.2.1.10
The requisition or request for procurement shall be accompanied by a
Radionuclide Request Form” (form RCC-6). See APPENDIX II for instructions
and list of RCC Forms.
3.2.1.11
All incoming shipments or deliveries shall be addressed to:
The Office of Radiological Control – Room 1049
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
801 North Rutledge Street
Springfield, Illinois 62702
3.2.1.12
All requests for procurement (form RCC-6) meeting the above requirements shall
be approved by the RSO, dated, signed by the RSO and immediately forwarded to
the departmental business officer or other approving authority for assignment of
an account purchase number. The request form is then returned to the RSO
ordering. See APPENDIX II and APPENDIX III (Procedures for Requisition of
Radioactive Materials).
3.2.1.13
Any violation of the above procurement procedure shall result in any material
received being either impounded by the RSO or, if possession would violate any
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield license or
registration, the material will be immediately returned to the sender.
3.2.2 Procedures for Pick-Up, Receiving and Opening Packages
If the ORC is expected to receive a package containing quantities of radioactive
material in excess of the 1Type A quantities listed in APPENDIX V, the ORC shall:
a. Make arrangements to receive the package when it is offered for delivery
by the carrier if the package is to be delivered to the Southern Illinois
University School of Medicine’s - Springfield facility by carrier; or
b. Make arrangements to receive notification from the carrier at the time the
package arrives if the package is to be picked up by the Southern Illinois
University School of Medicine’s - Springfield staff at the carrier’s
terminal.
25
3.2.2.1
The ORC staff member who picks up a package of radioactive material from the
carrier’s terminal shall pick up the package expeditiously upon receipt of
notification from the carrier of its arrival.
3.2.2.2
The ORC, upon receipt of a 2labeled package of radioactive material, shall:
a. Monitor the external surfaces of a package for radioactive
contamination, unless the package contains only radioactive
material in the form of a gas or in special form radioactive material
as defined in 32 Ill. Adm. Code 310.20.
b. Monitor the external surfaces of a package for radiation levels
unless the package contains quantities of radioactive material that
are less than or equal to the Type A Quantity.
c. Monitor all packages known to contain radioactive material for
radioactive contamination and radiation levels if there is evidence
of degradation of package integrity, such as packages that are
crushed, wet or damaged.
1
Type A Quantity means a quantity of radioactive material, the aggregate radioactivity of which
does not exceed A[1] for special form radioactive material or A[2] for normal form radioactive
material, as given in 49 CFR 173.435.
2
Labeled means labeled with a Radioactive White I, Radioactive Yellow II or Radioactive Yellow
III label as specified in 49 CFR 172.403 and 172.436-440.
3.2.2.3
The monitoring of packages shall be performed as soon as practicable after receipt
of the package but not later than three (3) hours after the package is received at
the facility if it is received during normal working hours or if there is evidence of
degradation of package integrity, such as a package that is crushed, wet or
damaged. If the package is received after working hours, and has no evidence of
degradation of package integrity, the package shall be monitored no later than
three (3) hours from the beginning of the next working day.
During normal working hours, carriers must be instructed to deliver radioactive
packages directly to the Office of Radiological Control (ORC).
During off-duty hours, Security personnel must accept delivery of radioactive
packages in accordance with the procedures outlined by the Office of
Radiological Control (ORC).
26
If the package is wet or appears to be damaged, immediately contact the facility’s
RSO. Ask the carrier to remain at the facility until it can be determined that
neither the carrier nor the vehicle is contaminated.
In the event that contamination is discovered, the RSO shall decontaminate any
areas immediately as necessary to ensure that contamination no longer exists.
The RSO shall immediately notify the final delivery carrier and the Illinois
Department of Nuclear Safety by telephone, and shall confirm the initial contact
within 24 hours by overnight letter or telephone fax to the Department when:
a. Removable radioactive surface contamination exceeds the limits of
32 Ill. Adm. Code 341. 150(h);
b. External radiation levels exceed the limits of 32 Ill. Adm. Code
341.150(i) and (j).
If after monitoring the packaging material and no contamination is found, all
radioactive labels shall be obliterated prior to discarding in regular trash.
The content of records maintained for ordering and receiving radioactive material
consists of the following: a paper copy of the “Radionuclide Request Form”
(RCC-6) containing the purchase order number and account title; RLS name and
signature; name of technician; vendor name, address, and telephone number; type,
quantity, activity, description, special instructions, and estimated cost of material;
date ordered, date due; and an assigned inventory number.
Information above is entered onto the “HP Assistant” computer data program.
Upon receipt of package, the following information is entered: date received,
receipt condition, bad condition description, and ensure packing list agrees with
material received.
3.2.2.4
The ORC shall establish and maintain procedures for safely opening packages in
which radioactive material is received and shall assure that such procedures are
followed and that due consideration is given to special instructions for the type of
package being opened. As a minimum, these procedures shall include
instructions to wear plastic gloves, monitor the package before opening and
monitor the packing material for contamination after opening.
3.2.3
All gifts, loans, etc., of radioactive materials to the Southern Illinois University School of
Medicine - Springfield or its personnel shall receive approval of the RSO prior to
delivery of the material. All deliveries must comply with Subsection 3.2, Article 3.2.1.6.
27
3.3 Use of Radioactive Materials
3.3.1 General
Copies of pertinent procedures, regulatory information and cautions shall be posted in all
approved or designated areas. General laboratory or facility areas as defined by the RSO
shall be precluded from caution postings. Abbreviated copies of the applicable
regulations suitable for posting are available from the RSO.
3.3.2 Unsealed Radioactive Materials
3.3.2.1 Regulations for Preventing Personnel Contamination and Ingestion
Extreme personal cleanliness and extreme care in handling techniques are the
most effective means of preventing ingestion of activity and/or contamination of
facilities and equipment.
In order to minimize the possibility of ingestion of activity and/or contamination
of facilities and equipment, the following rules shall be strictly adhered to in all
areas where unsealed radioactive materials are utilized.
a. In any area approved for use of unsealed radioactive materials,
eating, drinking, smoking, the preparation of food, the storage of
food or the application of cosmetics shall not be permitted.
b. The use of any type of food or drink containers in any area
approved for use of unsealed radioactive materials shall be strictly
prohibited.
c. At no time shall pipetting of any solution (or any similar operation
involving the use of mouth suction) be permitted in any area
approved for use of unsealed radioactive materials. Pipetting
devices are commercially available, and their use shall be
mandatory for all pipetting operations in all approved areas.
d. Glass blowing in areas approved for use of unsealed radioactive
materials or repair of possibly contaminated glassware shall be
prohibited unless the express written permission of the RSO has
been obtained for each specific operation.
e. All operations involving radioactive materials shall be carefully
designed in advance so that only the minimum amount of
radioactivity necessary to produce the desired result is utilized.
f. The first run of any new experimental procedure shall be
performed in its entirety with non-radioactive materials in order to
establish any problem areas existing in the handling techniques and
thereby minimize possible hazard. Several “dummy” runs may be
required in order to minimize all the hazard areas and to ensure the
reproducibility of the procedure.
28
g. All operations involving radioactive materials shall be confined to
a suitable hood or glove box, if there is any possibility that the
material could become airborne, e.g., dusts, volitization, gaseous
release, and source rupture.
h. All containers of radioactive material(s) shall be affixed with an
approved caution label, tag, or stencil indicating the radioactive
material(s) and activity (ies) present, if pertinent, and name of the
responsible individual and the date the caution was applied.
i. Personnel should not be permitted to work with unsealed
radioactive materials if there are any open cuts or abrasions on
exposed areas of the body. The RLS shall be consulted as to the
possible hazards before any work with unsealed materials is
attempted. The RLS may wish to consult with the RSO before
permitting the individual to work with the unsealed materials.
j. Extreme care shall be taken to avoid any possibility of acquiring
cuts or puncture wounds when working with radioactive materials.
If a wound does occur, see SECTION 6 Emergency Procedures.
k. Extreme care shall be taken to avoid any possibility of skin contact
with organic solutions of radioactive materials. Some organic
solvents will enhance the absorption of materials by altering the
permeability of the skin.
l. Individuals shall monitor their hands, feet, clothing, and work
surfaces after each use of radioactive material.
m. Protective apparel shall be utilized at all times when handling
radioactive materials, e.g., gloves, aprons, laboratory coats, and
safety glasses.
Protective apparel worn while working with unsealed materials
shall not be worn outside of approved areas.
Appropriate footwear shall always be worn (sandals cannot be
worn when working with radioactive materials).
Surgical glove techniques shall be employed in the removal of
gloves to reduce the possibility of hand contamination.
It is strongly suggested that a type of apparel should be utilized
which is more impermeable than cloth. There are commercial
sources, which provide both disposable plastic aprons and gloves,
which afford excellent protection at a very nominal cost.
n. Protective apparel shall not be removed from any approved area
without being monitored with a detector sensitive to the radiations
produced by and responsive to activity levels of the radioactive
materials utilized in the area. Before any protective apparel shall
be removed from an approved area or released to laundry services,
its contamination levels shall be proven to be below the suggested
levels of “2significant contamination;” see Subsection 3.3, Article
3.3.3. The minimum detectable activity of instruments used for
monitoring protective apparel includes those detection instruments
listed in ITEM #8 (Instrumentation) of the license.
29
Apparel found to be contaminated above the suggested levels of
“3significant contamination” shall be labeled in such a manner that
it cannot inadvertently be removed from the area before it can be
decontaminated; until the activity has decayed to the background
levels or it is disposed as radioactive waste.
3
Significant contamination shall be defined as contamination that is greater than twice
background.
3.3.2.2 Special Note on Alpha Emitters
When working on alpha emitters, there is an increased possibility of
contamination because of the short range of alpha particles and the consequent
desire to use the sources uncovered or with a very thin covering. The possible
contamination of air, surfaces and hands leads to an increased possibility of
inhalation or ingestion and subsequent radiation damage. Therefore, when
working with alpha emitters, all regulations for preventing personnel
contamination and ingestion shall be strictly enforced. See Subsection 3.3,
Article 3.3.2.1, a. through m.
The RSO has survey meters, which are sensitive to alpha particles and an air
sampler, which may be used to detect airborne activity. Anyone desiring to work
with alpha emitters in quantities greater than the generally licensed quantities as
listed in 32 Ill. Adm. Code 330 Appendix B shall contact the RSO for assistance
in developing an adequate monitoring program and in developing adequate
techniques and procedures. This should occur before the project is submitted to
the RCC for approval.
To comply with 32 Ill. Adm. Code 340.510 (a), area monitoring shall be
performed during actual operations involving alpha emitters. In addition, during
periods of use of alpha emitters, smear tests shall be performed weekly or more
frequently if deemed necessary by the RCC.
Storage areas for alpha emitters will be surveyed and monitored by the RSO at
least every three (3) months.
3.3.2.3 Regulations for Preventing Facility and Equipment Contamination
In general, any manipulation involving unsealed radioactive materials shall be
confined to as small an area as feasible. This greatly reduces the problem of
confinement, shielding (if required) and also tends to limit the extent of any
possible contamination resulting from spillage, breakage or other unforeseen
circumstances.
30
Therefore, all regulations relating to the prevention of personal contamination and
ingestion shall be strictly followed, as this will also reduce the possibility of any
facility or equipment contamination.
In addition, the following rules shall be strictly adhered to in all areas when
unsealed radioactive materials are utilized:
a. All working surfaces adjacent to all manipulations involving
unsealed materials shall be covered with an absorbent,
imperviously backed covering.
b. All manipulations shall be performed over an impervious,
breakage resistant tray or container, lined with a disposable,
absorbent imperviously backed covering. The tray or container
shall also be capable of containing the entire volume involved in
the manipulation.
c. All transfer operations from one container or area to another shall
be minimized.
Any required transfer operations shall be performed in as simple
terms as possible over or in a breakage resistant tray or container,
lined as above, capable of containing the entire volume involved.
d. All glassware, pipettes and other laboratory apparatus, when once
used with radioactive materials, shall be placed in disposable,
absorbent, imperviously backed covered trays or containers until
they have been adequately decontaminated. They should be
decontaminated as soon as practical after use or otherwise isolated
in special containers or storage spaces that are appropriately
labeled.
e. All equipment, when once used with radioactive materials, shall be
reserved only for radioactive material use or disposed of and shall
not be mixed with “clean” equipment nor returned to “stock.” It is
preferable that such equipment is stored in a separate cabinet that
is appropriately labeled.
3.3.3
Contamination of items such as, but not limited to, bench tops, sinks or floors in an
‘unrestricted area’ shall be removed as soon as possible. Any area exceeding the
following limits shall be decontaminated immediately:
Unrestricted Areas4 - - 200 dpm/100 cm2
- Background
Restricted Areas5 - - 2000 dpm/100 cm2
- 1000 dpm/100 cm2
31
Small amounts of contamination may on occasion become “fixed” or dried onto a surface and
prove difficult to remove. These instances shall be handled on an individual basis by contacting
the RSO.
4
An “unrestricted area” is any area, access to which is not controlled by the licensee.
5
A “restricted area” is any area, access to which is controlled by the licensee for purposes of protection of
individuals from exposure to radiation and radioactive materials.
3.3.4 Sealed Radioactive Materials
3.3.4.1 General
Radioactive materials that are permanently encapsulated or incorporated into a
solid with an inert covering, so as to permanently preclude their leakage and/or
dispersal are designed as sealed sources. The intent being that the radiations
produced by the material are to be utilized rather than the material itself.
3.3.4.2 Regulations for Use of Sealed Radioactive Materials
a. Sources shall never be handled directly with the hands.
Specialized handling tools shall be employed, especially with high-
activity sources.
b. During work periods, the area and personnel shall be routinely
monitored to assure that the source has not ruptured and that the
integrity of any required shielding material has remained intact.
c. No attempt shall be made to repair or open any sealed source.
d. All sealed sources shall be tested for leakage or contamination at
intervals not to exceed six (6) months as specified in 32 Ill. Adm.
Code 340.410. Any source which leak testing indicates the
presence of 0.005 microcuries (Ci) or more removable
contamination shall immediately be withdrawn from use and
reported to the IDNS by the RSO as required; see 32 Ill. Adm.
Code 340.1260.
All sealed sources shall not be used outside of a shielded exposure device.
3.4 Use of Radionuclides in Animals
3.4.1 General
The use of radioactive materials in animals is subject to the same provisions as any other
radioisotopes used within Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield.
In addition, other precautions and requirements as outlined in this section are applicable
to protect personnel and other animals.
32
3.4.2
All handling of radioactive animals, carcasses or wastes will be the responsibility of the
RLS. Further, the RLS will be responsible for decontamination of animal cages before
returning the cages to the animal caretakers.
3.4.3
Investigators may not use radioisotopes in the animal facility prior to approval granted by
the RCC and the Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee (LACUC) and notification
of approval has been sent to the supervisor of the animal facility.
3.4.4
All animals containing radioisotopes shall be labeled with the name of the RLS, the
isotope and form, the date of first entry of the isotope into the animal and quantity of
activity.
3.4.5
Injections and all manipulations of the animal will be performed in the assigned
laboratory of the RLS. All previously outlined precautions and requirements for the use
and handling of radioisotopes shall be followed.
3.4.6
Only the RLS and authorized personnel shall have access to the rooms containing
radioactive animals.
3.4.7
All radioactive animals will be housed in locked rooms or cages and segregated from
non-radioactive animals.
3.4.8
All personnel handling animals containing radioisotopes shall wear protective gloves,
safety eyewear and outer clothing as outlined in Subsection 3.3, Article 3.3.2.1 a through
m.
3.4.9
Animals sacrificed during an experimental procedure shall be treated as radioactive
waste. They shall be labeled with the name of the RLS, the isotope and form, the date of
first entry of the isotope into the animal, and quantity of activity. The animal shall then
be placed in a freezer designed for this purpose.
33
3.4.10 Washing of Cages and Decontamination
3.4.10.1
It is the responsibility of the RLS to wash and/or decontaminate cages used to
house animals containing radioactive material.
3.4.10.2
If necessary, the cages should be wiped first with a damp paper towel (discard
only into radioactive waste container) and then thoroughly washed with water.
3.4.10.3
Rooms in which animals injected with radioactive materials are housed will be
monitored as indicated in Subsection 3.3, Article 3.3.2.1 (l.) and 3.3.3 as normally
followed in the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield
campus.
3.4.11
Animals containing radioactive material which are not sacrificed shall not be returned to
the animal colony until the residual activity has been reduced by decay or biological
elimination to a level acceptable to the RCC. “Acceptable level” shall be described as a
level achieved by radioactive decay or biological elimination of the particular
radionuclide involved equivalent to but not greater than .05 Ci per gram bodyweight of
the animal.
3.4.12
All disposals of animals, excreta, or by-products shall conform to SECTION 4 Waste
Disposal.
3.4.13
Under no circumstances shall experimental animals that have been subject to or
administered radioactive materials, or any of their products, be used for human
consumption.
3.5 Human Use
Under no circumstances shall radioactive materials be administered to or applied onto
human beings.
34
3.6 Environmental Use
Under no circumstances shall radioactive materials be used in tracer applications where
activity is directly released into the environment.
3.7 Storage of Radioactive Materials
All radioactive materials shall be stored in such a manner as to preclude their
unauthorized removal and/or dispersal. See 32 Ill. Adm. Code 340.810 (a, b) and
Subsection 2.6, Article 2.6.1.
All containers or equipment containing, or contaminated with, radioactive material(s)
shall be affixed with an approved caution label, tag or stencil indicating the radioactive
material(s) and activity (ies) present, specific activity (ies), if pertinent, and name of the
responsible individual and the date the caution notice was applied.
3.7.1
Storage facilities shall be provided which afford adequate protection from the radiations
of the stored materials to personnel in the area, e.g., shielding, ventilation.
3.7.2
Radioactive materials shall be stored in such a manner as to preclude escape of the
materials from their containers into the environment.
3.7.3
Radioactive materials shall be stored in a separate enclosure from normal laboratory
chemicals and supplies.
3.7.4
The storage enclosures shall be adequately posted as to the radiation hazard within.
3.7.5
Storage of large quantities of radioactive materials and/or those with significantly
penetrating radiations shall be discussed with the RSO before procurement procedures
are initiated.
3.7.6
The RCC may require central storage of large activities of hazardous materials of which
may then be dispensed in small aliquots by the RSO.
35
3.8 Records
All records required by State regulations shall be maintained centrally by the RSO, in the
ORC, as they relate to the total Southern Illinois University School of Medicine -
Springfield radiation protection program.
The RLS shall ensure that the facility and/or project personnel maintain all pertinent
records to facilitate this requirement.
3.8.1 Inventory
3.8.1.1
Each approved facility and/or user shall maintain a permanent, accurate and
current inventory and use record of all radioactive materials. This record shall
include the isotope, activity, specific activity, chemical and/or physical form, date
of receipt, periodic decay corrections if required, dilutions on stock solutions and
daily use records, including amounts transferred into solid and/or liquid waste.
These records shall be maintained in such a manner as to indicate at any time the
location, use and/or disposal of all quantities of any radioactive material in, or
previously in, the possession of the facility and/or project. The record shall also
indicate a running total of all radioactive materials, by isotopes, to ensure that the
possession limits established for the facility and/or project by the RCC shall not
be exceeded.
A copy of the inventory record shall be filed with the RSO upon termination of
radioactive material use or termination of the RLS.
3.8.1.2
All radioactive materials in the facility shall be included in this record, including
those materials located in the liquid waste and/or solid waste or otherwise stored
within the area.
3.8.1.3
Radioactive materials shall be removed from the facility’s and/or project’s
inventory records only by the RSO during pick-up of waste materials under
SECTION 4 Waste Disposal, or only upon written authorization from the RSO
enabling transfer of material(s).
3.8.2 Incident Reports
36
The RSO is immediately notified in the event of an emergency situation or
suspected hazardous situation.
Each approved facility shall maintain a permanent file of all radiological
emergencies and incidents and file a copy with the RSO within ten (10) days, as
specified in Subsection 6.2. Emergency Procedures for all Accidents. Failure to
maintain such a file shall be prima facie cause for suspension of approval by the
RLS by the RSO.
3.8.3 Survey Records
Each approved facility shall maintain a permanent record of all area surveys
and/or smear or other tests performed as required by the RCC.
3.8.4 Suggested Formats
Suggested formats for the above records may be obtained from the RSO.
3.9 Transfer of Radioactive Materials
3.9.1 On Campus
Radioactive materials shall not be transferred within the Southern Illinois
University School of Medicine - Springfield campus unless prior written
permission of the RSO is obtained.
If hazardous materials are transferred to or stored in the working area, they shall
be securely covered and kept in secure and shielded containers. The outer
surfaces of all containers shall be free of contamination. See Subsection 3.3.,
Article 3.3.3.
All transfer of materials shall be performed in such a manner as to prevent undue
exposure of personnel to radiation.
All transfer of materials between storage and working areas shall be done in
double containers in such a manner as to avoid the possibility of spillage or
breakage.
Material shall be transferred from person to person, never from location to
location.
The RSO shall authorize and perform all transfers of materials from Southern
Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield campus to other locations.
These transfers shall conform to all packaging and labeling regulations of the
IDNS, Department of Transportation and the U.S. Postal Service, as applicable.
37
3.10 Shielding
Any stored materials, including radioactive wastes, shall be shielded in such a way that
the dose rate at the surface of the shield does not exceed two (2) mrem/hr, as determined
by an appropriate detector at the shield surface.
3.11 Use in Laboratory Classes or Short-Term Projects by Students
All personnel desiring to utilize radioactive materials or radiation producing devices for class
instruction shall:
3.11.1
Have RLS status.
3.11.2
At the beginning of each school term that class use is proposed, the RLS shall file an
“Application for Procurement and Use of Radioisotopes” (form RCC-1), indicating “class
use” and including a copy of all training procedures and experiments to be performed.
3.11.3
Prior to a utilization of radioactive materials by students in a short-term project, the RLS
shall submit a class roll to the RSO containing each student’s social security number and
birth date.
3.11.4
Instruct the class that a blanket “Instructional Approval” has been issued for use of
radioactive materials under the class instructional training procedures and that the
experiments and class roll have been submitted as required. This “Instructional
Authorization” shall expire at the end of the current school term.
3.11.5
The RLS shall directly supervise the class use of radioactive materials in order to assure
conformance with the Handbook regulations pertinent to such use.
3.11.6
Apply to the RSO for personnel monitoring devices for the class when required by
SECTION 5 Personnel Monitoring.
38
SECTION 4 Radioactive Waste Disposal
The term “Radioactive Waste,” as used herein includes all radioactive materials or radioactive
material contaminated articles or solutions, regardless of the quantity of radioactive material
present, which are designated for disposal.
4.1 Waste Disposal Procedures
At no time shall any person other than the RSO or his designee dispose of radioactive wastes.
Only the RSO or his designee shall be authorized to dispose of liquid radioactive wastes into
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield sewage system. This is to assure
that the MPC values for water, as specified in 32 Ill. Adm. Code 340.1030 shall not be exceeded.
The RSO shall pick up radioactive waste from approved areas, on a request as-needed basis
when, and only when, the following criteria are met for each specific category:
4.1.1 Dry or Solid Radioactive Waste
Solid radioactive waste(s) shall be collected in an approved, polyethylene bag lined,
container. The bag shall then be sealed and labeled so as to indicate the radioactive
material(s) and corresponding activity (ies) present, the name of the RLS and any
appropriate cautions. Any sharp objects shall be packaged within the bag so as to
preclude their penetration of the bag.
4.1.2 Liquid Radioactive Waste
Liquid radioactive waste(s) shall be collected in an approved closed container, preferably
inert plastic with a wide mouth. The container shall be labeled so as to indicate the
radioactive material(s) and corresponding activity (ies) present, total volume, major
solvent (i.e., water, toluene, etc.), the name of the RLS and any other appropriate cautions
(i.e., biological hazard, pH differing greatly from seven (7.0), volatiles, corrosives, etc.).
4.1.3 Animal Carcasses
Animal carcasses shall be treated separately from the above categories. However, the
collected excreta may be separated and collected for disposal as either dry solid waste
(feces) or liquid waste (urine).
The RSO shall be notified immediately prior to any studies involving the administration
of radioactive materials to animals. Disposal procedures for any resulting carcasses shall
be arranged at that time. Also, any provisions for the collection and disposal of any
airborne radioactive wastes produced shall be arranged prior to initiation of any animal
studies.
39
4.1.4 Liquid Scintillation Vials
Vials containing low levels of radioactive materials and liquid scintillators may be boxed
and the box appropriately labeled as to the radioactive material(s), activity (ies), the name
of the RLS and appropriate cautions. Under such packaging procedures each individual
vial need not be labeled.
4.1.5 Short Half-Lived Waste (Half-Life less than Thirty (30) Days)
Short half-lived radioactive waste shall be carefully segregated from long half-lived
wastes (half-life greater than thirty (90) days). The container of short half-lived wastes
shall be labeled as to the last date material was placed in it, and then sealed for collection
by the RSO. The container will be held for at least ten (10) half-lived periods. The
material will then be disposed of as conventional waste by the RSO and the container
returned to the facility.
4.1.6 Gaseous and/or Airborne Wastes
In all operations where release of radioactive materials into the atmosphere is anticipated,
the RLS shall contact the RSO and adequate measures for containing and removing the
material(s) shall be provided. The resultant entrapping and/or absorbing material shall be
treated as solid or liquid waste as above.
4.2 Disposal by Incineration
Under no circumstances shall any radioactive materials be disposed of by incineration, except by
the RSO or his designee.
4.3 Accidental Release
In the event of an accidental release of radioactive material into the environment, the RSO shall
be immediately notified, as specified under SECTION 6 Emergency Procedures.
40
SECTION 5 Personnel Monitoring
5.1 External Personnel Monitoring
State regulations require the use of appropriate personnel monitoring equipment when an adult
enters an area where it is likely to receive, in one year from sources external to the body, a dose
in excess of ten percent (10%) of the occupational limits. As referenced in 32 Ill. Adm. Code
340.520 and 340.210(a).
Minors and declared pregnant women are required to use appropriate personnel monitoring
equipment if likely to receive, in one year from sources external to the body, a dose in excess of
ten percent (10%) of any of the applicable limits in 32 Ill. Adm. Code 340.270 or 340.280.
In the instance of personnel under eighteen (18) years of age, the limit is reduced to ten percent
(10%) of the MPD. See 32 Ill. Adm. Code 340.270.
5.1.1
In addition to the general guidelines above, personnel monitoring devices are required for
all University personnel applicable to the occupational dose limits (except as specified in
Subsection 5.2):
5.1.1.1
When working with beta emitters of energy equal to or greater than zero point
twenty-five (0.25) Mev, and utilizing quantities of one (1) mCi or greater, TLD
ring badges shall also be issued. Dosimtery reports will be evaluated at six (6)
months and continued issuance of a TLD shall be at the discretion of the ORC.
5.1.1.2
When working with gamma emitters of any energy.
5.1.1.3
When working with neutron sources of any type.
5.1.1.4
When working with x-ray producing devices.
5.1.1.5
When working with devices used for accelerating charged particles.
41
5.1.1.6
When working in areas where exposures in excess of ten (10) mrem per day are
expected.
5.1.2
The RSO shall provide an appropriate monitoring service to Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine - Springfield personnel in the above categories and maintain
permanent records of the recorded exposure histories.
The exchange frequencies of our personnel monitoring devices are on a monthly basis.
Specifically:
5.1.2.1
The RSO shall issue film badges or other appropriate devices to personnel
requiring them.
5.1.2.2
Personnel shall notify the RSO at least two (2) weeks in advance of termination of
monitoring.
5.1.2.3
The provided monitoring devices shall be worn at all times when the individual is
occupationally exposed. The device shall be worn in the proper manner as
specified by the RSO. Devices shall not be worn when undergoing medical
diagnostic procedures.
5.1.2.4
When not being worn, the monitoring devices shall be stored in an area away
from any radiation other than normal background, excessive heat and moisture.
5.1.2.5
Without substantial evidence to the contrary, lost or destroyed monitoring devices
shall be assigned a fraction of the MPD appropriate to the missing exposure
period.
5.1.2.6
Permanent records of exposures shall be maintained by the RSO in the ORC for
evaluation by State authorities.
42
5.1.2.7
In the instance of a reported dose is excess of expected levels, the RSO shall
notify the RLS and the individual as to the excess and attempt to determine and
correct the cause.
5.1.2.8
Upon written request by the individual, the RSO shall release a copy of the
exposure history to the individual or his new employer.
A copy of the exposure history will also be released to an individual upon his
request at his termination of employment.
5.2 Exemption from Personnel Monitoring
Personnel monitoring devices need not be worn in cases where the RSO has definitely
established that exposures will not exceed specified limits.
5.3 Internal and Accidental Personnel Monitoring
When specified by the RCC or when ingestion of radioactive material is suspected, medical
examinations shall be required to assess the exposure or to determine the extent of the internal or
external exposure (e.g., blood studies, chest x-rays, eye examinations, urine and/or fecal
analysis).
5.3.1
Individuals involved in operations, which utilize, at any one time, ten (10) mCi or more
of tritium in a non-contained form, other than a metallic foil, shall require a tritium assay.
Urine samples will be collected approximately ten (10) hours after the experiment and
will be counted using scintillation counting methods. Three (3) samples (.1 ml, .5 ml, l
ml) will be counted, each in twenty (20) milliliters of scintillation fluid. The instrument
to be used to count tritium samples will be chosen from the list of Beckman Scintillation
Counters listed in ITEM #8 (Instrumentation) of our Radioactive Materials License. In
addition, each “Application for the Procurement of Use of Radioisotopes” (form RCC-1)
shall specifically address the need for routine bioassay to provide adequate personnel
protection.
5.3.2
Bioassays will be required when one (1) mCi or more of 125I is used per experiment. A
baseline thyroid count shall be done before any use of 125I. A post thyroid count shall be
performed twenty-four (24) hours after the use of the radioisotope. The RSO or his
designee shall perform thyroid counts at the Southern Illinois University School of
Medicine - Springfield campus.
43
If a thyroid burden greater than that detailed in the NRC Regulatory Guide 8.20 is
detected, then appropriate action as described in Part (5) of the Regulatory Guide shall be
taken.
The RCC has accepted the guidance and recommendations contained in “The
International Commission on Radiological Protection” (ICRP) Publications, and
“National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements” (NCRP) reports, and
NRC Regulatory Guides in establishing the following bioassay.
Bioassay includes any in vivo measurements as well as in vitro measurements of
radioactive material in excreta necessary or desirable to aid in determining the extent of
an individual’s exposure to concentrations of radioactive material(s).
5.3.3 Criteria for Routine Bioassay
The RCC has established that all personnel working with unsealed sources of radioactive
materials shall have bioassays performed when:
a) The situation indicates that an individual may have had an uptake of
radioactive materials or has been exposed through an accident or incident.
b) Evidence indicates that significant air and/or surface contamination exists
in the work area of the individual, which could lead to inhalation,
ingestion, or absorption.
c) An individual utilizes the following activities equal to or exceeding the
specified commonly used radionuclides for a single experiment:
3
H - 10.0 mCi
14
C - 5.0 mCi
32
P - 20.0 mCi
35
S - 10.0 mCi
125
I - 1.0 mCi
d) The RCC or RSO deems it appropriate due to the amounts, chemical form,
or type of experimental work being performed.
e) The RCC or RSO deems it necessary to establish a base line prior to an
individual(s) starting a new experimental protocol involving a specific
radionuclide or when a new employee has a past record of handling large
amounts of radionuclides.
5.3.4 Frequency of Routine Bioassays
Normal experimental procedures at the University preclude prolonged exposure periods
to large quantities. When an individual is involved in a situation as described in the
preceding Subsection 5.3, Article 5.3.3 (a through e) a bioassay will be performed
immediately, taking into account the equilibrium times for a particular radioisotope.
Should an individual(s) become involved in the routine prolonged use of large amounts
44
of a radionuclide, and then a bioassay frequency shall be established by the RSO in
accordance with the established regulatory positions as promulgated by the IDNS.
In most cases, the bioassay procedure will utilize urine. Where this would be
inappropriate, other methods such as fecal analysis, blood, or breath analysis or body
scans may be employed.
5.3.5 Actions as a Result of a Positive Bioassay
In the event that a bioassay result is positive, the following actions shall be taken
immediately:
1a. Re-assay using a second aliquot from the original biological sample. If
this result is also positive, the RSO will either proceed to steps (b) and (c),
or where appropriate, go directly to step (2a).
1b. Obtain a second biological sample for bioassay. If this result is also
positive;
1c. Set up a routine biological sample collection schedule with the
individual(s) involved.
Positive results from the second biological sample confirming a positive bioassay shall
result in the following actions being taken:
2a) Initiate prophylactic or medical treatment if appropriate,
2b) Initiate alternate bioassay methods if necessary or appropriate.
2c) Conduct a thorough investigation of the conditions, actions, and
experimental protocol leading to the uptake.
2d) Take appropriate remedial action in conjunction with findings from step
(c).
2e) If necessary, close the laboratory in question until all remedial actions and
protocol changes to prevent recurrence of the uptakes have been
accomplished.
2f) Continue bioassays to establish elimination rates and obtain data for dose
commitment calculations.
45
SECTION 6 Emergency Procedures
6.1 General
The term “emergency” is taken to mean any incident resulting from the use or misuse of
radioactive materials or radiation-producing devices that would present a hazard to personnel or
imperil equipment, facility or other experiments due to the spread of contamination or creation of
hazardous radiation levels.
Emergencies resulting from accidents of this nature may range from a minor spill of
radioactivity, involving relative no personal hazard, to major radiation incidents involving
extreme hazards and possible bodily injury. Because of the numerous complicating factors,
which may arise, and because of the wide range and variety of hazards, set rules of emergency
procedures cannot be made to cover all possible situations. In any emergency, however, the
primary concern shall always be the protection of personnel from radiation hazards. The
secondary concern is the confinement of contamination or radiation to the local area of accident,
if at all possible. Quick, efficient actions taken under the following guidelines should tend to
reduce any hazard to personnel and/or resultant area contamination.
The prompt evaluation of a radiological incident and immediate remedial action is paramount in
minimizing injury to personnel, minimizing loss of property and for protection of the public
health and safety. Call lists have been posted in all approved areas and with the Security
department. If a radiation incident or hazard is suspected, call immediately for assistance.
Emergency procedures shall be posted in all radioactive material areas. Copies are available
from the RSO.
6.2 Procedures
The procedures to follow in an emergency are as follows:
a. The most experienced individual present shall determine the extent of the hazard
and direct operations under the following guidelines until the arrival of the RSO
or RCC member. The posted call lists in all approved areas give phone numbers
to provide twenty-four (24) hour emergency coverage.
b. Persons splashed with radioactive solutions shall wash immediately with ample
quantities of soap and water. See SECTION 7 Personnel Decontamination.
c. Any radioactive material swallowed by a person shall be removed insofar as
possible by induced vomiting. See SECTION 7 Personnel Decontamination.
d. The RSO and the Chairman of the RCC shall be informed immediately of any
inhalation or ingestion of radioactive materials or excessive external exposure.
e. The RLS and each individual involved shall each file a written report within ten
(10) days to the RSO detailing the circumstances resulting in the incident,
personnel involved, isotopes or radiations involved, chemical and/or exposure
levels involved and remedial actions taken.
46
When involved, the RSO or the RCC member shall also file a written
supplementary report. A copy of the RSO report shall be filed with the RLS
involved. The RSO shall then report the incident to the RCC at the next meeting.
6.2.1. Minor Accidents Involving No Radiation Hazard to Personnel
a. Notify all other persons in the room and the RLS at once.
b. Restrict access to the area to only the minimum number of persons
necessary to deal with the accident.
c. Limit contamination to as small an area as possible with absorbent
materials or coverings.
d. Notify the RSO as soon as possible.
e. Don protective gloves and remove contamination with appropriate
materials.
f. Permit no one to resume work in the area until approval of the RSO is
secured.
g. If accident involves radiation from radiation-producing devices, follow the
above procedures and: turn off power, erect proper shielding, if necessary,
post warning signs and permit no one to use equipment until repaired by
competent technician and thoroughly tested for leakage.
6.2.2 Major Accidents Involving Radiation Hazard to Personnel
a. Notify all persons not involved in the accident to vacate the room at once.
b. Notify the RLS.
c. Make no immediate attempt to clean up spill; if a radiation-producing
device is involved, shut off power to the equipment.
d. Switch off all fans, if possible, when airborne dust of gaseous
contamination is possible or suspected.
e. If spills on the skin are involved, see Subsection 7.2. Personnel
Decontamination. If spills are on clothing, discard outer clothing at once,
leaving the contaminated clothing in the contaminated area.
f. Vacate the room and prohibit entrance to the contaminated area.
g. Notify the RSO or a RCC member immediately, giving the details and the
location of the accident.
h. Hold departing personnel in a nearby safe area until their body surfaces
and clothing can be checked for contamination.
i. If the spill is of major proportion and immediate evaluation of the area is
required, this step shall not be started until the RSO is on hand and proper
support personnel and equipment are obtained. If time and good safety
considerations permit, the use of absorbent materials to slow or prevent
the flow of radioactive liquids into cracks, crevices or drains may be
employed.
j. Every attempt should be made to shut down ventilation systems and fume
hoods if the contamination is airborne. Other areas of the building, which
may be contaminated, shall also be vacated.
47
k. In shutting down ventilation systems and closing of windows, doors and
vents, persons securing the above should attempt to hold their breath.
Otherwise they should secure respiratory equipment prior to proceeding
with the above actions. Doors and other openings should be sealed with
masking tape from the outside, where possible.
l. Under no circumstances shall untrained persons attempt to examine or
clean up the radioactive materials without the explicit direction of the
RSO or the RCC member.
m. If a fire is involved, notify the fire department and the RSO or a voting
RCC member at once, and evacuate all persons in the building as soon as
possible.
6.2.3
Reports of any incidents or emergency situations of sufficient magnitude will be filed by
the RSO or a voting RCC member with the IDNS as required under 32 Ill. Adm. Code
340.1210 - 340.1230.
6.2.4
All press releases related to an emergency of a radiological nature shall be prepared by
the RSO or a voting RCC member to release via the Office of the Dean and Provost.
48
SECTION 7 Personnel and Area Decontamination
7.1 General
The most important factor in any decontamination operation is to avoid spreading the
contaminating material. In the case of personnel contamination, the affected portion of the body
shall be isolated, as much as possible to avoid further spread of the material over the body while
decontamination procedures are performed.
7.2 Personnel Decontamination
In the event of personnel contamination, the first aid procedures below shall be immediately
taken and the RSO or a voting RCC member notified.
7.2.1 Skin
External body surface contamination should be treated by washing with copious amounts
of mild soap and water. Any organic solvents, abrasive materials or any other agents,
which may alter the permeability or abrade the skin surface, shall be categorically
avoided.
The contaminated area or areas should be vigorously washed for at least two (2) to three
(3) minutes, giving careful attention to all cracks and crevices (i.e., under and around the
fingernails and between the fingers). The area(s) should then be thoroughly dried and
monitored.
If contamination persists, the above operation should be repeated not more than three (3)
or four (4) times. The judicious use of a soft bristled brush may be helpful, especially
around the fingernails.
If contamination still persists, the RSO should be contacted for further instructions.
7.2.2 Wounds
Lacerations, cuts and/or puncture wounds caused by glassware or equipment containing
or contaminated with radioactive materials should be immediately (within ten (10) to
fifteen (15) seconds, if possible) washed under a running stream of water, while
spreading the edges of the wound. A light tourniquet applied so as to show the venous
blood flow might be desirable to promote a free flow of blood to aid in cleansing of the
wound. Conventional first aid measures should then be taken and a determination made
as to the severity of the wound, which may require medical treatment.
Memorial Medical Center, St. Johns Hospital, SIU Family and Community Medicine, or
your physician shall be notified immediately for further medical aid. Consultation of the
RSO shall be made immediately, especially if radioactive materials are spilled.
49
Any person involved in a radiation injury shall not be permitted to return to work without
the express written permission of the RSO and the attending physician.
7.2.3 Ingestion
Accidental ingestion or swallowing of radioactive materials should be treated as an acute
poisoning. Induced vomiting, mouth rinses and gargling may be beneficial in the event
of swallowing. The nostrils should be swabbed with cotton swabs in the event of
inhalation of radioactive dusts and powders. The RSO shall be immediately notified.
Prompt medical care shall be sought immediately, from Memorial Medical Center, St.
Johns Hospital, SIU Family and Community Medicine or your physician shall be
immediately notified. All vomitus, nose swabs, etc., shall be collected and retained for
future analysis.
7.2.4 Eye and/or Ear
Eye contamination should be immediately treated by flushing with copious quantities of
water, holding the eyelids open to allow a free flow of water over the eye.
Ear contamination should be treated by careful swabbing and flushing with water.
In both instances, the RSO shall be immediately notified and as necessary, medical
treatment shall be sought from Memorial Medical Center, St. Johns Hospital, SIU Family
and Community Medicine or your physician shall be immediately notified.
7.3 Area Decontamination
Area or facility decontamination depends on the type of surfaces and/or equipment involved
extent and activity involved and chemical and/or physical forms of the materials involved.
Therefore, the RLS shall consult with the RSO before any operation commences in an area as to
the decontamination equipment, which might be required and as to procedures for
decontamination.
In all instances of contamination in excessive of the limits for “unrestricted areas,” (see
definition Subsection 3.3, Article 3.3.3), the RSO shall be notified and shall advise and direct in
the decontamination operation and survey the area to evaluate the effectiveness of the
decontamination. All decontamination operations shall be performed by approved personnel,
who work in the facility, under the direction of the RSO, except in the event of a minor incident
involving little or no personnel hazard.
When airborne contamination is suspected, personnel shall not attempt to enter the area without
explicit approval of the RSO.
50
SECTION 8 Facilities
Facilities shall be approved for the use of radioactive materials by the RCC. Approval will be
granted based upon design criteria, hazard classification basis. The RCC shall require that access
to any area be restricted when it appears that radiation levels may approach those specified in 32
Ill. Adm. Code 340.310 (a).
8.1 Design Criteria
The design criteria of a facility will be based upon: the radiotoxicity of the radioactive
material(s) proposed in Table 8-1; the maximum activity of the radioactive material(s) to be
stored or used in the facility, Table 8-2; and the modifying factors as related to the hazard
involved in the handling operations, Table 8-3. In some instances, additional modifying factors
may be applied as noted, depending on the biological specificity of the chemical form of the
material. In the event of the use of more than one specific radioisotope, the design criteria
required, Table 8-4, will be derived by summing the activities in each radiotoxicity hazard group
and applying the more stringent design criteria derived.
In all cases, before facility approval can be granted by the RCC, the RSO shall inspect and
monitor the proposed facility and report his findings to the RCC.
Before an approved facility shall be released for unrestricted use, the RSO shall perform a
closeout inspection to determine that all radioactive materials have been removed from the area
and that no detectable levels of contamination exceed the table of values listed in 32 Ill. Adm.
Code 340. Appendix A. Decontamination Guidelines. The RSO shall then, in writing, release
the area for unrestricted use.
51
TABLE 8-1
Radiotoxicity Classification
________________________________________________________________________
Group Radiotoxicity Examples
I Very High Pb-210, Po-210, Pu-239, Am-241, Sr-90
II High Na-22, Ca-45, Co-60, I-131, Cs-137
III Medium Na-24, P-32, S-35, Fe-59, Cu-64, Zn-65, Rb-86,
Tl-204
IV Low H-3, C-14, U-238
Natural Uranium, Natural Thorium
TABLE 8-2
Facility Classification
Group A (High) B (Medium) C (Low) D (Very Low)
I 1 mCi up to 1 mCi up to 10 Ci up to 0.1 Ci
II 10 mCi 10 mCi 100 Ci 1 Ci
III 100 mCi 100 mCi 1 mCi 10 Ci
IV 1000 mCi 1000 mCi 10 mCi 100 Ci
TABLE 8-3
Modifying Factors
Use Factors to multiply activity in Table 8-2
Storage only x 100
Sealed source x 100
Simple wet chemical manipulations x 10
Normal chemical manipulations x1
Complex chemical manipulations x 0.1
Simply dry manipulations x 0.1
Dry dusty manipulations x 0.01
Manipulations involving radioactive materials or
their compounds which tend to concentrate in the cell
nucleus gonadal and/or bone tissues x 1 - 0.001
52
TABLE 8-4
Facility Design Criteria
A B C D
Floor Smooth, non-porous. As (A) Smooth, Any
Easily removable. non-porous.
No cracks, or heavily
waxed. High load
bearing if shielding
is required.
Walls Smooth, non-porous. As (A) Painted, Smooth Any
Work Smooth, non-porous, As (A) Smooth, sealed As (C)
Surfaces absorbent paper absorbent paper
covering. covering.
Ventilation No recirculated air. Room under Room under net Any
Absolute filtered negative negative pressure.
exhaust air. Room pressure.
under net negative Filtered
pressure. exhaust
recommended.
Hoods Single ducted. As (A) Single ducted Any
Absolute filtered. optional filters.
Flow: 125-250 lfm Flow: 100 lfm
Face Velocity. Face Velocity.
Other Consider: Built-in As (A) Portable, localized ---
shields. Special handling shielding as
equipment and devices. necessary.
Glove boxes.
53
SECTION 9 Enforcement Action
9.1 Reporting
In the event of failure to observe safety regulations and rules on the part of any Southern Illinois
University School of Medicine - Springfield personnel, the RSO or any voting member of the
RCC in consultation with the RSO may:
a. Inform the appropriate RLS that an unfavorable report shall be made to the RCC
and that necessary corrections are to be made immediately.
b. Inform the RCC Chairman if such deficiencies are not corrected promptly.
c. If necessary, order immediate shutdown or cessation of work in any facility where
it is evident that health hazards exist to the extent of endangering life or property
or the extent that continued operation would result in violation of existing State or
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield regulations.
9.2 RCC Action
The Chairman of the RCC shall bring the violation to the attention of the RCC at its next regular
meeting, or he may call a special meeting to consider the violation if urgency makes it necessary.
After consideration of such report, the RCC may:
a. Make recommendations to the RLS for mandatory remedial action. Failure to
comply may result in withdrawal of RCC approval of the existing project or
application.
b. Withdraw or rescind approval of the project or application. In the event the RCC
takes such action, the project may no longer be carried on at Southern Illinois
University School of Medicine - Springfield until such time as corrections are
made to qualify the project for reinstatement.
9.3 Possible Regulatory Action
Failure to comply with the above regulations could lead to action being taken on the part of the
IDNS as specified in 32 Ill. Adm. Code 310.80 (a):
6
310.80 Violations:
Any person who shall violate any of the provisions of, or who fails to perform any
duty imposed by this Act, or who violates any determination or order of the
Department promulgated pursuant to this Act is guilty of a Class A Misdemeanor;
provided each day during which violation continues shall constitute a separate
offense; and in addition thereto, such person may be adjoined from continuing
such violation as hereinafter provided [420 ILCS 40/39(a)].
54
9.4 Appeal Procedure
Any restraining order or application disapproval by the RCC or the RSO may be appealed
directly to the RCC. The staff member(s) involved in such considerations may be present at the
appropriate RCC hearing and may present facts pertinent to the deliberation if desired.
6
Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety. Radiation Protection. Part 310. General Provisions, 310.80, Effective
March 2002.
55
APPENDIX II
56
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE USE OF RCC FORMS
A. Procedures for Initial Approval to Use Radioisotopes
Principle Investigator’s desiring to utilize radioactive materials shall contact the
RSO to receive instructions: to obtain the required RCC forms; the Handbook of
Radiological Operations and the Certification Examination study modules. All required
forms shall be completed in their entirety and legibly. The forms shall then be returned
to the RSO for his evaluation. The RSO shall inspect and monitor the proposed facilities
and discuss with the Principle Investigator the proposed use and any apparent hazards
with the applicant.
B. Explanations and Samples of Forms
This section gives examples of the application and other appropriate forms to be used
when requesting approval to procure and use radioisotopes or radiation-producing
devices at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield. RCC forms can
be accessed online at the following ORC website: http://www.siumed.edu/adraf/orc.html
Copies of these forms and assistance in their completion are also available from the RSO.
57
SUMMARY OF RADIOLOGICAL CONTROL COMMITTEE FORMS
Form # Title Originator Recipient
RCC-1 Application for Procurement and Use RLS RCC
of Radioisotopes (or Radiation Devices)
RCC-1B Application for Use of Radionuclides RLS RCC
in Live Animals
RCC-1C Renewal Application for Procurement RLS RCC
and Use of Radioisotopes
RCC-2 Statement of Training and Agreement Radioisotope Users RCC
RCC-3 Application: Radiation Equipment and RLS RCC
Facilities Approval
RCC-4 Occupational External Radiation Radioisotope Users RCC
Exposure History
RCC-4A Request for Occupational Radiation Radioisotope Users RSO
Exposure Records
RCC-4B Instructional Radiation Safety Video Radioisotope Users RCC
Tapes
RCC-5 Regulatory Guide 8.13 Acknowledgment Female RCC
of Instruction Radioisotope Users
RCC-5A Declared Pregnant Worker/Student Form Female RSO
Radioisotope Users
RCC-6 Radionuclide Request Form RLS RSO
RCC-7 Radioactive Material Inventory RLS RSO
RCC-8 Leak Test Report RSO RSO/RCC
RCC-11 Laboratory Survey Report RLS RSO
RCC-12 Request For Amendment To Application RLS RSO/RCC
RCC-14 Request for Appointment of Alternate RLS RSO/RCC
Radiological Laboratory Supervisor
58
RCC-1 “Application for Procurement and Use of Radioisotopes”:
This form provides the basis for the RCC evaluation of the radiation hazards involved in the
proposed use and should be as explicit as possible as to handling procedures and techniques,
which may result in radiation hazards to personnel or releases into the laboratory environment.
Specific instructions to completing requested information to Form RCC-1 is available from the
ORC website at: http://www.siumed.edu/adraf/orc.html or from the RSO.
RCC-1B “Application for Use of Radionuclides in Live Animals”:
If your protocol requires the use of live animals, submit Form RCC-1B. Include the assigned
LACUC Protocol number to Section five (5) of your Form RCC-1.
RCC-1C “Renewal Application for Procurement and Use of Radioisotopes”:
Applications (Form RCC-1) for renewal of a previously approved authorization may be made by
submitting a completed a Form RCC-1C to the ORC. Applications are valid for a period of two
(2) years and require renewal for continued approval. Completed renewal forms should be
submitted to the ORC thirty (30) days prior to expiration of the application.
At each six (6) period an application shall be submitted to the RCC in its entirety for complete
review and continued authorization. Follow instructions pertaining to Form RCC-1.
RCC-2 “Statement of Training and Agreement”:
This form provides the basis for the RCC evaluation of the applicant’s training and experience in
radiation utilization. Such training and experience shall be commensurate with the hazards
inherent in the proposed use.
The RLS shall be required to meet a minimum of the training and experience criteria (see
Subsection 3.2.1, Article 3.2.1.1) before RCC authorization will be granted for independent use
of radiation:
All persons under the supervision or direction of the RLS who will be handling radioisotopes
shall also submit a completed Form RCC-2. Personnel may be required to complete a brief
training course taught by the RSO or his designee. Written approval for personnel use shall be
obtained from the RSO before any project work is undertaken by the RLS. Review requirements
for project personnel outlined in Subsection 2.6.5 through 2.6.7.
RCC-3 “Application: Radiation Equipment and Facilities Approval”:
Item 1 of this form shall be based upon SECTION 8 Facilities of this Handbook and
consultation with the RSO. The form shall be completed in full with the advice of the RSO. An
attached laboratory diagram will be included of the proposed facility location highlighting
particular features such as: lab benches; fume hoods; designated use areas; radioisotope storage
and waste areas. Also, include the type (s) of radiation detection equipment available and an
59
overall description of your protection practices to maintain ALARA and contamination
monitoring procedures.
RCC-4 “Occupational External Radiation Exposure History” and RCC-4A “Request for
Occupational Radiation Exposure History”:
When Form RCC-2 is submitted, the potential user must also complete form RCC-4. In addition,
one (1) copy of form RCC-4A must be signed by the applicant (if applicable) for each previous
period of radioisotope use where an individual monitoring device (e.g., film badge, TLD) was
issued. This information is required for accurate maintenance of exposure records as required by
IDNS.
RCC-4B “Instructional Radiation Safety Video Tapes”:
The form RCC-4B provides in part, a basis for RCC evaluation of an applicants training with the
hazards inherent in the proposed use of radioisotopes. All personnel who will be handling
radioisotopes shall submit this form.
A three-volume video set produced by Indiana University provides a general introduction to
radiation safety principles; procedures for the safe use and handling of radioactive materials in
the laboratory and what actions to follow in the event of emergencies.
RCC-5 “Regulatory Guide 8.13 Acknowledge of Instruction” and ” and RCC-5A “Declared
Pregnant Worker/Student Form”:
The form RCC-5 covers instructions required for all female radioisotope users dealing with the
hazards of exposure to ionizing radiation during pregnancy. It must be on file for all female
users of radioisotopes before any radioisotope use is permitted. The Regulatory Guide 8.13 is to
be reviewed prior to completing the form RCC-5.
The form RCC-5A is available for the formal declaration of a pregnancy to the ORC. Enactment
of the declaration imposes restrictive dose limits and fetal dosimetry.
RCC-6 “Radionuclide Request Form”:
This form shall be completed in full and submitted to the RSO for approval and purchasing.
Review the conditions for the procurement of radioactive materials. (See Subsection 3.2, Article
3.2.1). The Form RCC-6 is available by request from the ORC.
RCC-7 “Radioactive Material Inventory”:
This form is issued for each radioisotope purchase and is used to input information regarding the
use of material, decay of material and waste disposal. Upon final waste deposition this form is
submitted to the ORC for record retention. An example indicating proper procedure for
recording information on RCC-7 is shown in Module 4 (Practical Aspects of Radionuclide Use)
of the Radiation Safety Program.
60
RCC-12 “Request For Amendment To Application”:
This form provides a means for requesting changes to an approved RCC-1 application.
Amendments to an existing authorization should be filed with the RCC through the RSO in the
same manner as a new application (see Subsection 3.2.1, Article 3.2.1.3).
RCC-14 “ Request for Appointment of Alternate Radiological Laboratory Supervisor
This form provides the RLS, in the event of absences from the laboratory, the means to request
the assignment of a responsible individual to manage the use of radioactive materials. The
individual designated as the Alternate Radiological Laboratory Supervisor (ARLS) may be a
laboratory technician or postdoctoral student under current authorization of the RLS. Requests
for an ARLS require approval by the RCC prior to scheduled absences by the RLS. See Section
2.0, Subsection 2.6.8 for details.
61
Form RCC-1
Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine, Springfield
APPLICATION FOR PROCUREMENT AND USE OF RADIOISOTOPES
Complete all applicable items and sign application on page 3. Refer to the University Handbook of Radiological
Operations or phone the Office of Radiological Control (ORC) for assistance completing this application. Make one
copy for your records and submit original with twelve additional copies to the ORC.
Please type or print in ink. Do not use pencil.
1. Applicant(s) - _____________________________________________________________________________
For joint authorization, underline the name of the person who will be the principal “Authorized User/RLS”
for communications, ordering radioactive materials, etc.
University Position Classification: __________________________________________________________
“Applicant” must meet requirements of HRO Sect. 3.0
Campus Address: ________________________________________ Department: ____________________
Office Phone: ________________ Home Phone: _________________ Lab Phone: __________________
Mail Address/Code: ____________________________________ E-Mail: __________________________
2. Laboratory Personnel - List names of all others authorized to use radioisotopes in your laboratory for whom
you will be responsible in your capacity as the Authorized User/RLS. Include date in which each individual has
completed the Certification Exam. Submit application forms for each person not on file.
Name Department Phone Cert. Exam Date
________________________________ ____________________ ______________ ___________________
________________________________ ____________________ ______________ ___________________
________________________________ ____________________ ______________ ___________________
3. Nuclides - Complete table for each isotope, generic descriptions (e.g., amino acids, sugars, etc.) are acceptable.
Radionuclide Chemical Form(s) Physical Form1 Possession Limit (mCi)2
1
Physical Form – solid (S), liquid (L), gas (G), or sealed source (SS)
2
Possession Limit – the maximum activity in laboratory at any time
62
4. Facilities - List building(s) and room number(s) for each location you plan to store or use radioisotopes.
Diagram each laboratory clearly indicating where radioisotopes will be stored and/or used. Complete and attach
to RCC-3 (Application: Radiation Detection Equipment and Facilities Approval).
Building: ___________________ Lab: __________________ Phone: __________________
___________________ __________________ __________________
___________________ __________________ __________________
5. Protocol Title: __________________________________________________________________________
a. Protocol Summary: Briefly describe your intended use for each radioisotope. Attach references if
appropriate.
b. Is there an approved animal protocol in conjunction with this study: Yes ___ No ___ N/a ___
Principal Investigator: ___________________________ LACUC Protocol #: ________________
c. Do you intend to conduct experiments using radioisotopes in live animals?: Yes ___ No ___
If Yes, attach completed Form RCC-1B (Application: Use of Radioisotopes in Live Animals)
6. Methods - Description of the experiments:
a. Describe the handling operations for all steps involving radioisotopes. Attach references if
appropriate.
b. Estimate the total activity of radioisotope to be used per experiment and approximate the
frequency of experiments to be conducted per month.
7. Safety
a. Describe precautions to be taken to avoid possible contamination of working areas and users
performing the experiment(s) to keep personnel exposure As Low As Reasonably Achievable
(ALARA). Also include information on the chemical and physical form generated, any special
equipment used to handle, shield or contain the radioactivity, and unusual hazards associated with
the procedure.
b. Will the radioisotope generate airborne dust or gasses: Yes ___ No ___
If Yes, how will you contain them?
c. Personnel Monitoring - Will personnel engaged in radioisotope work require body and /or ring
dosimeters (HRO Sect. 5.0):
Yes ___ No ___ Dosimeters are issued to University personnel who handle radionuclides that
emit high-energy beta particles, gamma rays, or x-rays. Check with the ORC if you need
assistance.
d. Bioassay - Will personnel handling radioisotopes require a bioassay: Yes ___ No ___
If more than 1.0 mCi of 125I is handled/used per experiment a bioassay is required.
63
e. Mixed hazardous and radioactive waste or unusual waste will be generated: Yes ___ No ___
(i.e., any chemical, biological, or genetically hazardous waste mixed with radioactive waste).
f. Waste Disposal – What method(s) will be used to dispose of your liquid and solid radioactive
wastes (HRO Sect. 4.0)? Separation and packaging (by isotope and physical form) for pickup by
ORC is preferred.
g. Radiation Surveys- Describe the tests performed to monitor for radioactive contamination.
1. What system will you use to count wipe survey samples?
___ Liquid scintillation counting: Bldg ________ Room: ________
___ Gamma counting: Bldg ________ Room: ________
___ Not applicable (e.g., only sealed sources, leak tested by ORC).
___ Other (specify) ___________________________________________________________
2. What tests will you do to monitor possible contamination? At what frequency will your
approved areas be surveyed? A laboratory wipe test is to be performed in each month in
which radioisotopes are used. However, if 200 Ci is used in a month, a weekly wipe test is
required.
3. Will a portable (GM) survey meter be required: Yes ___ No ___
h. Do you have any glassware or tools to be released to the glassware washing area: Yes ___ No ___
If Yes, describe the items and how will you decontaminate them before release?
i. Other
8. Certification: Please read before signing:
I certify to have read and agree to comply with all applicable SIU-SOM regulations pursuant to the safe use of
radioactive materials as published in the Handbook of Radiological Operations including, but not limited to the
Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety (IDNS), and Federal regulations. I shall require all personnel working
under my authorization to adhere to the requirements of the Handbook and the conditions of authorization. I
also agree to notify the ORC two weeks before any change in personnel or proposed use of radioisotopes.
9. Signature: ________________________________________ Date: _________________________
Applicant(s) named in Item 1
________________________________________ Date: _________________________
Radiological Laboratory Supervisor
________________________________________ Date: _________________________
Chairman of Department
64
RETURN COMPLETED APPLICATION AND ATTACHMENTS TO: Office of Radiological Control
801 North Rutledge Street
Springfield, Illinois
For Committee Use (revised 6/02)
Date App. Received: _______________________ Committee Action: Approved ___ Rejected ___
RCC Ref. No. ____________________________ Expiration Date: ____________________________________
RCC Chairman: _____________________________________________ Date: _______________________
Conditions or Remarks: _________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ORC 01/04
65
Form RCC-1B
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY
APPLICATION: USE OF RADIONUCLIDES IN LIVE ANIMALS
(Attach additional pages as necessary.)
Complete all applicable items and sign application on page 2. Refer to the Handbook of Radiological Operations or
phone the Office of Radiological Control (ORC) for assistance in completing this application. Make one copy for
your records and submit original with twelve additional copies to the ORC.
Please type or print in ink. Do not use pencil.
1. Applicant ___________________________________ Department: _______________________________
Campus Address: ____________________________ E-Mail Address: ___________________________
Mail Code: __________________ Office Phone: _________________ Lab Phone: __________________
2. Radioisotope and chemical form (as listed in RCC-1, Item 3):
Complete table for each radionuclide and animal procedure.
Radionuclide Chemical Form Animal Max. Activity per No. Animals per
Animal (Ci) Experiment
3. Procedure: Briefly describe each procedure, including method of administration (add sheets as necessary):
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Are animals to be sacrificed: Yes___ No___
If Yes, how soon after administration of radioisotope will animals be sacrificed? _______
Will selected organs or tissue be removed: Yes ___ No___
If Yes, estimate percentage of total activity administered: _________
4. Rooms - Where will animals be housed for the experiment? Bldg: ___________ Room: ___________
5. ALARA – What precautions will be taken to minimize radiation exposures to personnel when the animal(s)
contain radioactive material?
6. Contamination Control: What precautions will be taken to control contaminated urine and feces? How
will feces and urine be collected and stored.
66
7. Airborne - Will any activity be expired (as 14CO2, 3H2O or other): Yes___ No___
If Yes, specify procedures and precautions that will be taken to control radioactive airborne excretions.
Will animals be housed in Metabolism Cages: Yes___ No___
If No, describe cage construction and materials.
8. Radiation Surveys: Specify contamination survey methods and frequency, including survey of cage(s).
Meter surveys: Yes ___ No ___
Wipe testing and LS/gamma counter: Bldg: _________________ Room: ___________________
9. Radioactive Waste: How will radioactive waste carcasses be stored until prepared for ORC pickup?
10. Additional requirements or considerations
Signature: ________________________________________________ Date: _______________________
Applicant / Radiological Laboratory Supervisor
________________________________________________ Date: _______________________
Chairman of Department
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
For Committee Use (revised 6/02)
Date App. Received: _______________________ Committee Action: Approved ___ Rejected ___
RCC Ref. No. ____________________________ Expiration Date: ____________________________________
RCC Chairman: _____________________________________________ Date: _______________________
Conditions or Remarks: _________________________________________________________________________
ORC 01/04
67
Form RCC-1C
Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine, Springfield
*RENEWAL APPLICATION
For Procurement and use of Radioisotopes
*Use this method of application only if no change in previously approved application will be made. For amendments
to application, please complete and submit Form RCC-12. Form RCC-1C must be submitted every two (2) years for
continued authorization. Every six (6) years a complete Form RCC-1 must be submitted to the RCC for review.
Please type or print in ink. Do not use pencil.
1. Applicant: ___________________________________ Department: ________________________________
Campus Address: ______________________________ E-Mail Address: ____________________________
Mail Code: __________________ Office Phone: ____________________ Lab Phone: ___________________
2. Names of Others to Use Radioisotopes: As named in Item 2 of your form RCC-1 application.
If entering new personnel, attach Form RCC-12.
Name Department Certification Exam Date________
_______________________________ ___________________________ ____________________________
_______________________________ ___________________________ ____________________________
_______________________________ ___________________________ ____________________________
3. RCC-1 Application Ref. No: _____________________ Date of Previous Approval: ______________________
Radioisotopes Approved For:
Radionuclide Chemical Form Physical Form Max Possession Limit (mCi)_____
____________________ ___________________ ___________________ ____________________________
____________________ ___________________ ___________________ ____________________________
____________________ ___________________ ___________________ ____________________________
____________________ ___________________ ___________________ ____________________________
4. Certification: I certify that the information above is correct and complete to the best of my
knowledge and belief.
Signature: _____________________________________ Date: ______________________________
ORC 01/04
68
Form RCC-2
Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine, Springfield
*STATEMENT OF TRAINING AND AGREEMENT
*This form is to be completed by each individual user listed in Item 1 and 2 of Form RCC-1
Please type or print in ink. Do not use pencil.
Name: _______________________________________ Department: ____________________________
Social Security Number: ________________________ Phone: ________________________________
Date of Birth (M/D/YR): ________________________ E-mail Address: _________________________
Principal Investigator Name: _________________________________________________________________
Gender: Male ___ Female ___
Check One ():
Faculty: ____ Staff: ____ Graduate Student: ____ Post Doc: ____ Undergraduate Student: ____
I plan to use (check all that apply): ____ unsealed sources of radionuclides (which ones? _____________________)
____ gamma irradiator ____ sealed sources only
1. Type of Training:
Have you ever received formal training in the following topics? Check YES or NO below. Complete each
section. (Radiation Safety Courses at other institutions and lectures on the topics as part of college level
coursework. For example: Physics, Biology, Chemistry, etc. would be considered formal training).
(a) Principles and Practices of Radiation Protection Yes ____ No ____
(b) Radioactivity measurement, monitoring techniques and instruments Yes ____ No ____
(c) Mathematics and calculations basic to the use and measurement of radioactivity Yes ____ No ____
(d) Biological effects of radiation Yes ____ No ____
If you checked “Yes” for any of the above, complete the section below.
Name of course/lecture Location where training was received
69
2. Experience: Actual Use of Isotopes
If you ever handled radioactive materials before and thereby received on the job training in the above topics,
complete the table below.
Radionuclide Maximum Location where Duration of use Experimental procedure(s)
used activity used experience gained (i.e., # years) performed using radionuclide
3. Occupational Exposure History:
Have you ever previously been issued radiation dosimeters (film badges) at an institution other than SIU-SOM?
Check One: Yes ___ No ___ If YES, complete both Form RCC-4 and RCC-4A.
4. Statement of Agreement:
The below named individual verifies to have read and is willing to abide by the Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine-Springfield regulations governing the use of radioisotopes and other sources of
ionizing radiation. The undersigned agrees to comply strictly with all such rules and regulations and hereby
waives any right or recourse against the University for any damage whatsoever resulting from any failure to
fully conform to said regulations.
Signature: _______________________________________ Date: ________________
5. Personnel Changes (to be completed by principal investigator)
Add the above listed individual to my permit.
Printed name of Principal Investigator: __________________________________
Principal Investigators Signature: _______________________________________ Date: _______________
ORC 01/04
70
Form RCC-3
Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine, Springfield
*APPLICATION: RADIATION EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES APPROVAL
*This form is required to be completed and submitted with Form RCC-1 to the RCC for review and approval before
any room is used for radioactive work or storage. A separate form must be completed for each laboratory. In
addition, an amendment Form RCC-12 must be submitted if any significant changes are made to the lab.
Please type or print in ink. Do not use pencil.
1. Laboratory and Equipment: Describe location (building and room number) of the facilities in which
radioisotopes will be used. Provide a diagram of the facility designating workbenches, fume hoods, sinks,
refrigerators, centrifuges, attached rooms, offices, radioactive storage and waste areas, etc. Also, indicate
which areas will specifically be used for radioactive materials use and/or storage.
2. Radiation Detection Instruments: What instruments will you utilize (check all that apply)?
Radiation detected: Beta () ___ Gamma () ___ Alpha () ___ Other ___
Type of Equipment: Liquid Scintillation Counter ___ Gamma Counter ___ Survey Meter ___
Equipment Location: Building(s): ________________ Room(s): ________________
Intended use:
3. Radiation Surveys: Describe procedures for performing laboratory surveys and monitoring taking into
consideration information in question 1. If sealed sources, submit leak test procedures.
4. Radiation Shielding: What shielding is required?
Beta (): Acrylic bench-top shields ___ Acrylic waste shields ___ Acrylic storage boxes ___
Gamma (): Lead acrylic bench-top shields ___ Lead foil ___ Lead sheets ___ Lead bricks ___
None: ___
Other as follows:
5. Radiation Protection: What precautions will you take to minimize exposures As Low As Reasonably
Achievable (ALARA) to your personnel from radioactivity during use or while in storage? Explain how
you intend to maintain security of radioactive material. Describe overall protection program and control
measures.
71
6. Certification:
I certify that this application is prepared in conformity with the Southern Illinois University – Springfield
Handbook of Radiological Operations including all pertinent State and Federal Regulations and that all
information herein, including any supplements attached hereto, is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and belief.
Signature: __________________________________________ Date: _______________________
For Committee Use (ORC 04/04)
Date App. Received: _______________________ Committee Action: Approved ___ Rejected ___
RCC Ref. No. ____________________________ Expiration Date: ____________________________________
RCC Chairman: _____________________________________________ Date: _______________________
Conditions or Remarks: _________________________________________________________________________
72
Form RCC-4
Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine, Springfield
OCCUPATIONAL EXTERNAL RADIATION EXPOSURE HISTORY
Please type or print in ink. Do not use pencil.
Name: ______________________________________________ Department: __________________________
Social Security Number: ________________________________ Phone: ______________________________
Date of Birth (M/D/YR): ___________________________ E-mail Address: ___________________________
Gender: Male ___ Female ___ Age in Full Years: ____________
1. Occupational Exposure: Previous History
(a) Have you ever been issued a radiation dosimeter (film badge or ring)? Yes ____ No ____
If “Yes”, complete and submit Form RCC-4A to the ORC for each Employer/Agency provided below.
Please list previous employment involving radiation exposure and/or any agency issuing you a dosimeter.
Provide name and address of each employer. Use additional paper if necessary.
Employer Information: Other Agency Issuing Dosimeter:
Name_____________________________________ Name______________________________________
Street Address______________________________ Street Address_______________________________
City, State, Zip_____________________________ City, State, Zip______________________________
Date of Employment M/YR-M/YR_____________ Date Issued M/YR-M/YR______________________
Periods of Exposure M/YR-M/YR______________ Periods of Exposure M/YR-M/YR_______________
2. Certification:
I certify that the exposure history in Item 1(a) is correct and complete to the best of my knowledge and belief.
Signature: _________________________________________ Date: _______________________________
73
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(The following items are to be completed by the ORC)
Cumulative Occupational Dose History:
Licensee or Registrant Name:__________________________________________________________________
Monitoring Period (M/YR-M/YR) ___________________ Record ____ Estimate ____ No Record ____
Dose Equivalents (MREM):
Deep Dose Equivalent (DDE) _______
Eye Dose Equivalent to Lens of Eye (LDE) _______
Shallow Dose Equivalent (SDE) _______
Accumulated Dose Equivalent TOTAL _______
3. Remarks:
ORC 01/04
74
Form RCC-4A
Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine, Springfield
Office of Radiological Control
801 North Rutledge Street, Rm 1049
Springfield, Illinois 62702-9612
Dear Mr./Ms.
Our personnel records indicate that the following individual worked with radioactive materials and/or
ionizing radiation while employed by your organization.
Name: ___________________________________ Social Security Number: ______ - ____ - ______
(Please Print)
Employment Dates: (M/YR) ________ - ________ to (M/YR) ________ - ________
We would appreciate receiving any occupational radiation exposure history records for the above named
individual. This request is necessitated by the provisions of the Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety
Regulations entitled "Standards for Protection Against Radiation" (Part 340).
In addition, please attach information verifying radiation safety training provided by your organization
has been completed by this individual regarding the use of radioactive materials and/or radiation
producing devices. If available, please forward any radiation training and/or work experience obtained
from previous organizations or institutions.
I hereby authorize the release of my radiation exposure history and documentation of radiation safety
training to the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield.
Signature: _________________________________ Date: _________________
Thank you for your assistance in this matter.
Sincerely,
James Kane
Radiation Safety Officer
jkane@siumed.edu
ORC 01/04
75
Form RCC-4b
Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine, Springfield
RADIATION SAFETY VIDEO TRAINING
All applicants completing the Certification Exam for Radioisotope Users, as part of their safety
training at SIU-SOM, are required to view three instructional radiation safety videotapes prior to
completing the exam. Be prepared to expect several questions on the exam related to the safety
information presented within this training material.
These tapes are located in the reserve section of the SIU-SOM Library and can be found by
searching under the reference, “Radiation Safety.” They can be viewed using equipment
provided in the Library or signed out for a short period of time. This three volume set is
produced by the Indiana University and consists of the following titles:
Tape 1: Introduction to Radiation Safety (16 minutes in length)
Tape 2: Laboratory Techniques (16 minutes in length)
Tape 3: Emergency Procedures (11 minutes in length)
Certification: I acknowledge that I have viewed the radiation safety training videotapes.
Name: ________________________________________________
(Please Print)
Signature: _____________________________________________ Date: __________________
ORC 04/04
76
Form RCC-5
Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine, Springfield
Prenatal Radiation Exposure Risks and Precautions
Acknowledgement of Instruction
Regulatory Guide 8.13: Instructions Concerning Prenatal Radiation Exposure
By my signature, I hereby acknowledge having received a copy of and read the Regulatory Guide 8.13
and Appendix, published by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. I have also received oral instruction on
the subject material and have had the opportunity to have any questions answered by the Radiation Safety
Officer or his representative.
Name: _______________________________________ Social Security Number: ______ - ____ - ______
(Please Print)
Signature: _____________________________________ Date: ___________________________
ORC 04/04
77
Form RCC-5A
Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine, Springfield
DECLARED PREGNANT WORKER/STUDENT FORM
This form is used to formally declare status as a Declared Pregnant Worker, or to revoke this status if it has been
previously declared. Please read this form carefully. If you need assistance the ORC is available to answer any of
your questions.
1. Please check one of the following two boxes:
I am formally declaring that I am pregnant. In accordance with 32ILL ADM CODE 340.280 and 10 CFR Part
20, I am voluntarily declaring that I am pregnant, for the purposes of lowering the dose limit for my
embryo/fetus. I realize that work restrictions may be imposed to ensure that my embryo/fetus does not receive
a dose in excess of 500 mrem during the entire gestation. I authorize the ORC of Southern Illinois University
at Springfield to release this information as necessary to implement the dose limit for my fetus.
Estimated date of conception: _________________________
I am withdrawing my previous declaration of pregnancy. I understand that, as a result of signing and
submitting this form, any work restrictions that have been imposed as a result of my previously submitted
Declaration of Pregnancy will be lifted.
2. Please check one of the following two boxes:
I would not like to receive counseling or information from someone at the ORC of Southern Illinois
University at Springfield.
I would like to receive counseling or information from someone at the ORC of Southern Illinois University at
Springfield. Please indicate the type of concern you have in writing below:
For ORC Use (ORC 01/04)
Name: Phone Number:
(Please Print)
Email Address: _______________________________ Mail Address: ________________________
Signature: ___________________________________ Date:
78
Form RCC-11 Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine, Springfield
LABORATORY SURVEY REPORT
Laboratory surveys are performed in each month radioisotopes are used. Weekly surveys must be
completed when 200 Ci are used within a month. Submit this form to the ORC and maintain a copy in
the laboratory.
Survey performed by: _______________________________________ Date: ________________ Bldg: _________
Investigator (RLS): ______________________________ Survey frequency: _____________ Lab/Room: ________
Instrument () used: __________________________ Room: _________ Model: ___________ Serial: ___________
Instrument () used: __________________________ Room: _________ Model: ___________ Serial: ___________
Wipe Survey: Weekly: _____ Monthly: _____ Special: _____ Bkg (cpm): _____ _____ Eff: _____ ______
GM Survey: Instrument used: ____________________ Model: ________ Serial: ___________ mR/hr: ______
Wipe # Area Description Gross Net Net
CPM CPM DPM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
* Areas of greater than 200DPM/wipe must resurveyed and documented.
79
ATTACH AREA DIAGRAM BELOW:
CHECKLIST:
Yes No NA
1. Lab survey records up to date: (last date: _______________) ____ ____ ____
2. Inventory records (RCC-7) up to date: ____ ____ ____
3. Are proper caution signs posted: ____ ____ ____
4. Survey meter available: ____ ____ ____
5. Do any materials emit radiation >2.0 mR/hr at shielding surface? ____ ____ ____
6. Food items stored in radioisotope refrigerator: ____ ____ ____
7. Film badges and finger rings used: ____ ____ ____
8. Use of absorbent paper on lab benches: ____ ____ ____
9. Are all radioactive materials and sources properly labeled? ____ ____ ____
10. Appropriate clothing used (lab coat, gloves, and shoes): ____ ____ ____
11. Fume hood acceptable: ____ ____ ____
12. Proper storage and labeling of radioactive waste: ____ ____ ____
13. Use of shielding and protective eye wear: ____ ____ ____
Comments:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
ORC 01/04
80
Form RCC-12 Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine, Springfield
REQUEST FOR AMENDMENT TO APPLICATION FOR PROCUREMENT AND USE
OF RADIOISOTOPES
Please type or print in ink. Do not use pencil
Applicant: _________________________________________________ RCC-1 Number: ____________________
Department: ___________________________ Phone Number: __________________ Date: ___________________
Mail Address: _______________________ E-Mail Address: ________________________
Please amend my Application For Procurement and Use of Radioisotopes to reflect the following changes:
[ ] A. Personnel: (Attach forms RCC-2, 4, 4A, 4B and RCC-5 if applicable for all new individuals)
Add / Delete: ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[ ] Film badges and rings are enclosed / have been previously returned for deleted users.
[ ] B. Change possession limit, experimental limits or chemical forms:
(State reason for change below)
Current Poss. Requested Current Requested
Radioisotope Chemical Form Limit (mCi) Poss. Limit Exp. Limit Exp. Limit
___________ _____________ __________ __________ __________ __________
___________ _____________ __________ __________ __________ __________
Reason: _______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[ ] C. Add or Delete Radioisotopes: (State reason for change below)
Requested Poss. Experimental
Radioisotope Chemical Form Limit (mCi) Limit (mCi)
Add/Delete ___________ _____________ __________ __________
___________ _____________ __________ __________
Reason: _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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[ ] D. Change in Procedures: (Protocol must be completed if different than application. Provide
sufficient detail of procedures for RCC evaluation. Attach additional
pages as necessary.)
[ ] E. Change in Location(s): (Attach diagrams of all new locations)
Add/Delete: (Building) _____________________ (Room) __________
(Building) _____________________ (Room) __________
[ ] F. Other Amendment Request(s)
Describe: ____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Certification:
I certify that the material will be used as described above or on the original application that no changes will be made
without prior approval of the Radiological Control Committee, and that approval conditions and all applicable
provisions of the Illinois and SIU-SOM radiation regulations will be observed.
____________________________ Date: _______________________
Signature of Principal Investigator
For ORC Use
Date Amendment Received: ____________________
Amendment Approved By: [ ] Committee [ ] ORC
RCC Ref. No. ___________________ Expiration Date: ________________________
____________________________________ Date: ____________________
Signature of RCC Chair
____________________________________ Date: ____________________
Signature of Radiation Safety Officer
Conditions or Remarks: ____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ORC 01/04
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Form RCC-14
Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine, Springfield
REQUEST FOR APPOINTMENT OF ALTERNATE RADIOLOGICAL
LABORATORY SUPERVISOR
Please type or print in ink. Do not use pencil.
RLS Name: ______________________________________ Department: _______________
Alternate RLS Name: ______________________________
The Alternate Radiological Laboratory Supervisor (ARLS) has agreed to act as supervisor over
radioactive materials during my absence. The ARLS has experience with radioactive materials use at
SIU-SOM and I am confident that he/she is qualified to oversee the use of radioactive material in my
laboratory. I have discussed all of the following topics with the ARLS.
The ARLS will be responsible for all activities involving radioactive material use under my authorization.
The ARLS is responsible for the actions of all radioactive material use by personnel working under my
authorization. The responsibilities of the ARLS include, but are not limited to, the following:
1. Ensure that all persons using radioactive material under my authorization have completed all
radiation safety training required by the SIU-SOM Handbook of Radiological Operations.
2. Ensure that all personnel using radioactive material under my authorization are properly trained
in the techniques to be used in my laboratory.
3. Provide Direct Supervision and/or General Supervision as required, to all personnel using
radioactive material under my authorization.
4. Notify the Radiation Safety Officer immediately in the event of any radiological emergency.
5. Decontaminate any facilities contaminated by radioactive material used under my authorization.
The Radiation Safety Officer will supervise and assist in such decontamination, if necessary.
6. Maintain a current record of the radioactive materials in possession under my authorization.
7. Ensure the secure storage of all radioactive materials.
8. Prepare, and properly label radioactive waste, as required by the SIU-SOM Handbook of
Radiological Operations, prior to collection and/or disposal.
9. Direct all orders, transfers, and shipments of radioactive materials to the Radiation Safety Officer
for processing or approval.
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10. Notify the Radiation Safety Officer and arrange for another individual to assume responsibility
for these authorizations prior to terminating his/her employment at the University or when unable
to serve under all conditions pertaining to the ARLS, as described.
I have discussed and explained all appropriate rules, regulations and responsibilities, and wish to appoint
the above named individual as Alternate Radiological Laboratory Supervisor in my absence.
______________________________________________ Date: ______________
Signature of Radiological Laboratory Supervisor
I understand all of the appropriate rules and regulations, and wish to take on all responsibilities associated
with serving as Alternate Radiological Laboratory Supervisor for radioactive materials usage for this
supervisor.
______________________________________________ Date: ______________
Signature of Alternate Radiological Laboratory Supervisor
For ORC Use
Date Request Received: _________________________ RLS Exam Completed: Yes___ No___
Recommendation for Approval: ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________ Date: ______________
Signature of Chairman, Radiological Control Committee
_____________________________________________ Date: ______________
Signature of Radiation Safety Officer
Conditions or Remarks: ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
ORC 01/04
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APPENDIX III
85
Procedures for Requisition of Radioactive Materials
Responsible Party Action
Faculty-Researcher 1. Fill out Radionuclide Request Form
(RCC-6) to purchase of radioactive materials.
2. Give to secretary to type.
3. Return typed requisition to originating faculty.
4. Proofread requisition to confirm there are no
errors.
5. Sign requisition at the “Principal Investigator or
Chairman” line.
6. Take requisition to Office of Radiological Control
(ORC), Room 1041, 801 North Rutledge, 8:00 a.m.
to Noon, Monday through Friday.
Radiation Safety Officer or 7. Proof completed requisition. Ensure requested
Designee material and quantities are authorized by license.
Ensure possession limits are not exceeded.
8. If able to approve, stamp and sign requisition.
9. Return typed requisition to faculty.
Faculty-Researcher 10. Forward typed requisition with approval of
ORC to departmental business manager.
Business Manager 11. Proof requisition and check account balance.
Assign purchase order number to requisition, and
sign requisition if approved by ORC.
12. Forward requisition to ORC and copy to
faculty.
Radiation Safety Officer or 13. Place order.
Designee
14. Receive and verify order. Enter data and package
inspection. Print inventory form (RCC-7).
15. Deliver order to user and obtain release signature.
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Southern Illinois University
Memorandum School of Medicine
Office of Radiological Control
DATE: March 12, 2004
TO: All Faculty, Staff and Administrative Personnel
FROM: Jon Holcomb
Office of Radiological Control (ORC)
SUBJECT: Purchasing and Receiving Radioactive Materials
Due to the uncontrolled flow of radioactive materials through the Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine - Springfield campus, a change in policy for the purchasing and receiving of
these materials is necessary. With the approval of the RSO, the Department of Purchasing and
administrative personnel, the following guidelines have been set:
1. Before any radioactive material is ordered for use in any Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine - Springfield facility, an “Application for Procurement and Use of
Radioisotopes,” approved by the Radiological Control Committee (RCC), must be on file
in the ORC. (Applications may be obtained from ORC.)
2. All requests for ordering radioactive materials will be on Radionuclide Request Form
(RCC-6). These forms may be picked up at the ORC, Room 1041, or in your department
office. All radioactive material will be ordered separately from any other material.
3. After the typed Requisition is completed and signed by the faculty member, the
requisition will be brought to the ORC for approval. The departmental business manager
will not accept or process the requisition without approval from the ORC. Return
requisition with P.O. Number to ORC for ordering. Only the ORC is authorized to order
radioactive materials.
4. Upon arrival of the radioactive material, it will be delivered directly to the ORC for
inspection and inventoried before being delivered to the faculty member.
5. Immediate corrective action will be taken against any person found in violation of these
procedures.
It is the intent of the RCC not to hinder research activity but to provide and maintain a high
degree of safety to all personnel at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine - Springfield.
Should you have any questions concerning these purchasing procedures, please feel free to
contact the Office of Radiological Control, 801 North Rutledge, Room 1049, 545-7581.
87
Memorandum Southern Illinois University
School of Medicine
Office of Radiological Control
TO: Radiological Laboratory Supervisors
FROM: Edward Moticka, Ph.D.
Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Affairs
Jon Holcomb
Radiation Safety Officer
DATE: July 16, 2004
SUBJECT: Radioisotope Purchases for FY’ 04
The Office of Radiological Control (ORC) pursuant to SIU-SOM rules and regulations is solely
responsible for approving and ordering radioactive materials. Looking ahead, the ORC, within
the new fiscal year will have installed a new computer program with the possibility for allowing
of purchase approvals via computer. The order will still need to be placed by the ORC.
All departments will need to set in place blanket purchase orders for the vendors with which they
deal. If radioisotope orders are given to the ORC with an approved blanket number on them we
could place the order immediately. The ORC will also establish blanket orders for Amersham,
NEN, and ICN so that we can accommodate unforeseen needs of the researchers. The ORC
blankets are for emergency purposes and will not be used for routine purchasing. These
blankets would be funded off of the Ledger 3 account and the ORC would bill the charge for the
radioisotope back to the investigator. This would allow for last minute purchases without the
delay associated with getting a purchase order cut. These orders will only be placed if the proper
business manager approval is obtained.
If you have any questions please contact James Kane (RSO) at 5-7581.
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APPENDIX IV
89
EXEMPTED MATERIALS
The following items are specifically exempted from control except as noted:
a. Thorium in incandescent gas mantles, vacuum tubes, and welding rods.
b. Source material (e.g., Uranium, Thorium) in unrefined or unprocessed ore, except
that processing, refining, polishing or cuttings of ore (including samples thereof) are
not exempt. Ore in any form is subject to export restrictions.
c. Any material containing less than point zero five (0.05) percent of Uranium and
Thorium.
d. Source material in photographic film and negatives.
e. Source material in glazed ceramic tableware provided there is not more than twenty
(20) percent in the glaze.
f. Glassware with source material if no more than ten (10) percent is in the glass.
Glass building materials are not exempt.
g. Source material such as Tungsten, Magnesium or Thorium alloys if not more than
four (4) percent Thorium and no processing of the alloy has or will be done.
h. Luminous timepieces to the extent of the receipt, possession, use or transference.
i. Naturally occurring radioactive materials less than atomic number eighty-two (82),
provided the concentrations do not exceed natural concentrations.
90
APPENDIX V
91
TABLE OF A1 AND A2 VALUES OF RADIONUCLIDES
49 CFR §173.435
92
93
94
95
96
97
APPENDIX VI
98
PROGRAM FOR MAINTAINING OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION
EXPOSURE ALARA
ALARA PROGRAM
1. Management Commitment
We, the management of this facility, are committed to keeping individual and collective
doses as low as is reasonably achievable (ALARA).
Modifications to operating and maintenance procedures and to equipment and facilities
will be made if they will reduce exposures unless the cost, in our judgment, is considered
to be unjustified. We will be able to demonstrate, if necessary, that improvements have
been sought, that modifications have been considered, and that they have been
implemented when reasonable. If modifications have been recommended but not
implemented, we will be prepared to describe the reasons for not implementing them.
We will keep staff members apprised of our commitment to the ALARA concept. This
will include efforts, through training and policy statements, to ensure that personnel
understand this commitment and how to implement it.
Additionally, we will ensure that an individual with qualifications commensurate with the
scope of the program will be appointed as the Radiation Safety Officer to coordinate the
radiation safety program for the facility.
2. Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) Responsibilities
The RSO will perform an annual review of the radiation safety program, including
ALARA considerations. This will include reviews of operating procedures and past dose
records, inspections, etc., and consultations with the radiation safety staff or outside
consultants. The results of the annual review will be reported to management. Results
of this review shall be documented and maintained.
The RSO will review, at least quarterly, the radiation doses of authorized users and
workers to determine that their doses are ALARA. The RSO will also review the results
of radiation surveys in unrestricted and restricted areas to determine that dose rates and
amounts of contamination were at ALARA levels during the previous quarter. These
reviews will be documented and maintained. The RSO will also prepare a summary
report of the results for inclusion in the annual report to management.
The RSO will investigate all known instances of deviation from good ALARA practices
and, if possible, will determine the causes. When the cause is known, the RSO will
implement changes in the program to maintain doses ALARA.
99
3. Individuals Who Receive Occupational Radiation Doses
Workers will be instructed in the ALARA concept and their individual responsibility
concerning the ALARA concept, its relationship to work procedures and work
conditions, and in recourses available if they feel that ALARA is not being promoted on
the job.
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APPENDIX VII
101
REGULATORY AGENCY INFORMATION / RESOURCES
32 Ill. Adm. Code Part 340 Standards for Protection Against Radiation
32 Ill. Adm. Code Part 400 Notices, Instructions and Reports to Workers;
Inspections
NRC Regulation Guide 8.13 Instruction Regarding Prenatal Radiation Exposure
NRC Regulation Guide 8.20 Applications for Bioassay for I-125 and I-131
NRC Regulation Guide 8.29 Instructions Concerning Risk From Occupational
Radiation Exposure
Copies of the above Regulatory Agency information may be obtained upon request from
the Office of Radiological Control.
102
APPENDIX VIII
103
BASIC OUTLINE FOR RADIATION SAFETY INSTRUCTION
It is recommended that all laboratory personnel who have requested from the ORC approval to
use radioactive materials be required to attend and complete the basic course of instruction listed
below. All RLS (Principal Investigators) must have attended such a course or will attend this
course. The RSO or his designee will present the course of instruction. This training course
includes the following topics:
I. Introduction to the SIU – Springfield Radiation Safety Program
II. Types of Radiation and Characteristics
III. Biological Effects of Radiation
IV. Radiation Protection Practices
V. Personnel Dosimetry
VI. Laboratory Survey requirements
VII. Ordering and Receiving Radioactive Materials
VIII. Radioactive Waste Disposal Procedures
IX. Emergency Procedures
In addition, the material covered in Regulatory Guide 8.13 will be discussed with personnel and
opportunities will be made available for questions and answers during this instructional period.
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APPENDIX IX
105
REQUIRED TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE
FOR RADIOLOIGICAL LABORATORYSUPERVISORS (RLS)
General Requirements:
An application for radionuclide use can be approved by the RCC if it is determined that the Principal
Investigator (PI) is adequately trained in the basic radionuclide handling techniques. Outlined below
is the training experience criteria that are acceptable for Radiological Laboratory Supervisor (RLS).
Also, review criteria required of Principal Investigator’s by the RCC as outlined in Subsection 3.2,
Article 3.2.1.
Basic Training:
Training may be obtained in a residency formal training course or collaboration in a program using
radionuclides. If the Principal Investigator does not have the training and experience described, the
Investigator may submit an application listing their specific qualifications for review by the RCC.
To qualify as adequately trained, an applicant’s background should include:
1. A working knowledge of:
a. Principles and practices in radiation safety.
b. Radioactivity measurement, monitoring techniques and instruments.
c. Mathematics and calculations basic to the use and measurements
of radioactivity.
d. Biological effects of radiation.
2. Experience in the use of radionuclides of the types and quantities for which the
application is requested.
107
APPENDIX X
108
