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F Y 2 013 BU D GE T A N D
PER F OR M A NCE S U M M A RY
Companion to the
National Drug Control Strategy
A PR IL 2012
National Drug Control Strategy
FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Table of Contents
.
I. Executive Summary ....................................................................................... 1
II. Drug Control Funding Tables ........................................................................ 11
Table 1: Federal Drug Control Spending by Function ............................................................. 13
Table 2: Federal Drug Control Spending by Agency ............................................................... 14
.
Table 3: Historical Drug Control Funding by Function ........................................................... 17
III. Agency Budget Summaries ........................................................................... 19
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ........................................................................................... 21
COURT SERVICES AND OFFENDER SUPERVISION AGENCY ................................................... 27
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .................................................................................................... 35
Defense Health Program ................................................................................................... 37
Drug Interdiction and Counterdrug Activities .................................................................. 41
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ............................................................................................... 49
.
FEDERAL JUDICIARY ............................................................................................................... 59
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES .............................................................. 65
Administration for Children and Families ......................................................................... 67
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ...................................................................... 69
Health Resources and Services Administration ................................................................ 73
Indian Health Service ........................................................................................................ 77
National Institutes of Health ............................................................................................. 81
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration ........................................ 93
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY ............................................................................ 107
Customs and Border Protection ..................................................................................... 109
Federal Emergency Management Agency ...................................................................... 119
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center ..................................................................... 121
.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement ........................................................................ 125
Office of Counternarcotics Enforcement ........................................................................ 131
United States Coast Guard .............................................................................................. 133
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT ................................................. 141
.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ......................................................................................... 147
Bureau of Indian Affairs .................................................................................................. 149
Bureau of Land Management ......................................................................................... 153
National Park Service ...................................................................................................... 157
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE .................................................................................................... 161
Assets Forfeiture Fund .................................................................................................... 163
Bureau of Prisons ............................................................................................................ 165
Criminal Division ............................................................................................................. 171
.
Drug Enforcement Administration ................................................................................. 175
National Drug Intelligence Center .................................................................................. 181
Office of Justice Programs .............................................................................................. 183
Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force ............................................................. 191
United States Attorneys .................................................................................................. 197
United States Marshals Service ...................................................................................... 201
United States Marshals Service Federal Prisoner Detention .......................................... 205
.
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ..................................................................................................... 209
.
OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY .................................................................. 215
High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas ............................................................................. 217
Other Federal Drug Control Programs ............................................................................ 221
Salaries and Expenses ..................................................................................................... 227
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................... 229
.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE ...................................................................................................... 233
Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs ................................... 235
United States Agency for International Development ................................................... 249
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ........................................................................................ 255
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION .................................................................................. 261
Federal Aviation Administration ..................................................................................... 263
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ............................................................ 269
DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS ................................................................................. 273
IV. Glossary ..................................................................................................... 281
I. Executive Summary
Executive Summary
The Administration’s inaugural National commitment to these goals, requesting
Drug Control Strategy (Strategy), published $25.6 billion to reduce drug use and its
in May 2010, represented a new direction consequences in the United States. This
in our efforts to reduce illicit drug use and represents an increase of $415.3 million
its consequences in the United States, with (1.6%) over the FY 2012 enacted level of
the goal to achieve a 15 percent reduction $25.2 billion.
in the rate of drug use and similar
reductions in drug use consequences over The FY 2013 request includes two new
the course of five years. This effort, which Departments and two new bureaus to the
was continued in the President’s 2011 National Drug Control Budget. These
Strategy, includes: additions are consistent with the
preventing illicit drug use and addiction restructuring of the budget in FY 2012 that
before their onset; provided for a reliable, accurate, and
bringing more Americans in need of transparent accounting of Federal funding
treatment into contact with the spent in support of the President’s Strategy.
appropriate level of care; The new bureaus or programs, which will be
protecting public safety while also reflected in the National Drug Control
ensuring that drug‐involved offenders Strategy: FY 2013 Budget and Performance
have the opportunity to end their drug Summary (Summary) are:
use and rebuild their lives; Department of Labor’s Employment and
countering drug production and Training Administration (a
trafficking within the United States; comprehensive drug prevention and
implementing new strategies to secure intervention program for all Job Corps
our borders against illicit drug flows; participants)
working with our international partners Department of Housing and Urban
to reduce drug production and Development’s Continuum of Care
trafficking and strengthen rule of law, (housing and other efforts in support of
democratic institutions, transparency in homeless with substance abuse
government, alternative livelihoods, and disorders)
respect for human rights around the Department of Defense’s Defense
world. Health Program (drug abuse treatment
provided by military treatment facilities
For two years these principles have guided and private sector care)
the Administration’s efforts – and ONDCP Department of Health and Human
will continue to pursue a balanced Services’ Administration for Children
approach that brings all sectors of society and Families (enhancing the safety of
together in a national effort to improve children affected by parental
public health and public safety. The methamphetamine or other substance
requested Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 National abuse)
Drug Control Budget demonstrates
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 1
Highlights of the FY 2013 treatment methods, modalities, and
services to targeted groups. Grants are
Budget by Function awarded on a competitive basis to ensure
the funding supports a particular identified
Treatment need. These include:
The FY 2013 Budget proposes $9.2 billion in $93.8 million (decreased $4.5 million
Federal funds for early intervention and from FY 2012 enacted) for Access to
treatment services for individuals with drug Recovery, which provides states funding
problems. This represents an increase of for vouchers, coupled with state
4.6 percent ($403.0 million) over the FY flexibility and executive discretion, to
2012 enacted funding level. The major create positive change in substance
efforts and changes are highlighted below: abuse treatment and recovery service
delivery across the Nation.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services $30 million (decreased $21.1 million
Department of Health and Human Services: from FY 2012 enacted) for a Screening,
$4,751.1 million1 Brief Intervention, and Referral to
(Reflects $283.7 million increase from FY 2012)
Treatment approach, which provides
The Nation’s substance abuse treatment
grants to health care providers to
providers treated an estimated 2.6 million
intervene early in the disease process
clients in specialty facilities in 2010.
before individuals become dependent,
Substance abuse treatment most often is
and motivate the addicted client to
paid for by two or more public and private
engage in substance abuse treatment.
sources (private health insurance, Medicaid,
$65.1 million (decreased $2.4 million
Medicare, state and local funds, and other
from FY 2012 enacted) for Criminal
Federal support). The Federal Government
Justice Activities, including Treatment
makes its largest contribution to the
Drug Courts and Ex‐Offender Reentry
payment for treatment through the
program grants. Drug Courts help
Medicaid and Medicare programs. These
reduce recidivism and substance abuse
programs are increasing in size and scope,
among offenders and increase an
with the expansion of populations and/or
offender’s likelihood of successful
services covered.
rehabilitation through early, continuous,
and intense judicially supervised
Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services
treatment, mandatory periodic drug
Administration (SAMHSA) Programs of
testing, community supervision, and
Regional and National Significance ‐
appropriate sanctions and other
Treatment
Department of Health and Human Services ‐
rehabilitation services. Ex‐Offender
SAMHSA: $364.1 million Reentry program grants provide
(Reflects $61.1 million decrease from FY 2012) screening, assessment, and
The SAMHSA request includes a bundle of comprehensive treatment and recovery
programs that are awarded directly to support services to offenders reentering
providers. These programs advance specific the community, as well as to offenders
who are currently on or being released
from probation or parole.
1
Please reference footnote #4 of Table 2 for further explanation of
these estimates.
2 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
$41.6 million (no change from FY 2012 services. In FY 2013, the grant will continue
enacted) for Treatment Systems for the to support the delivery of treatment while
Homeless grants, which combine long‐ allowing states to access funding for
term, community‐based housing prevention services.
assistance with intensive individualized
treatment and recovery support Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Drug Treatment
services. Efforts
$52.5 million (decreased $13.5 million Department of Justice: $109.3 million
(Reflects $15.8 million increase from FY 2012)
from FY 2012 enacted) for the Minority
Approximately 40 percent of new inmates
AIDS Initiative, which delivers and
entering BOP custody have a diagnosis of a
sustains high quality and accessible
substance use disorder. Accordingly, BOP’s
substance abuse and HIV prevention
strategy of strong and comprehensive drug
services.
abuse treatment consists of screening and
$13.3 million (decreased $14.7 million
assessment; drug abuse education; non‐
from FY 2012 enacted) for Targeted
residential drug abuse treatment services;
Capacity Expansion (TCE) grants, which
residential drug abuse treatment
are designed to address gaps in
programming; and community transitional
treatment capacity by supporting rapid
drug abuse treatment. There is enormous
and strategic responses to demands for
demand for these services, in part because
substance abuse (including alcohol and
of the possible 1 year reduction in sentence
drug) treatment services in communities
after successful completion of the program
with serious, emerging drug problems,
for some non‐violent offenders. Due to
as well as communities with innovative
limited capacity, inmates eligible for the
solutions to unmet needs.
reduction receive an average reduction of
$57.0 million (decreased $0.9 million
about 8 months. Resources requested in
from FY 2012 enacted) for several other
this budget are vital to allow expansion of
Treatment Capacity programs including:
drug treatment capacity, and will help BOP
Opioid Treatment Programs and
reach the goal of providing 12 month
Regulatory Activities; Children and
sentence credits to all eligible inmates.
Family Programs; Pregnant and Post‐
Partum Women; and the Recovery
Problem Solving Justice
Community Services Program. Department of Justice: $52.0 million
(Reflects $8.0 million increase from FY 2012 (levels
Substance Abuse Treatment Block Grant for programs consolidated)
Department of Health and Human Services ‐ In FY 2013, the Office of Justice Programs
SAMHSA: $1,448.6 billion (OJP) requests $52.0 million to increase
(Reflects a decrease of $7.4 million over FY 2012)
their support to problem solving courts and
This formula‐based funding to states
other strategies. OJP provides grants to
expands substance abuse treatment
criminal justice agencies to implement and
services, while providing maximum
improve drug court and community court
flexibility to states. States and territories
programs, as well as focus on mental health
may expend their funds only for the
and other issues. The program focuses on
purpose of planning, carrying out, and
the risks and needs of offenders through
evaluating activities related to these
drug court programs and other problem‐
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 3
solving approaches in an effort to decrease recovery from addiction. Finding stable and
recidivism and improve public health and affordable housing is among the most
safety. difficult barriers for individuals in recovery
to overcome.
Residential Substance Abuse Treatment
Department of Justice: $21.0 million Trainee Employment Assistance Program
(Reflects $11.0 million increase from FY 2012) Department of Labor ‐ Job Corps: $6.6 million
The Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (Reflects no increase from FY 2012)
program for state prisoners was established Job Corps is a no‐cost education and career
to help states and local governments technical training program administered by
develop, implement, and improve the U.S. Department of Labor that helps
residential substance abuse treatment young people ages 16 through 24 improve
programs in correctional facilities, and the quality of their lives through career
establish and maintain community‐based technical and academic training. The Job
aftercare services for probationers and Corps program is authorized by Title I‐C of
parolees. Ultimately, the program goal is to the Workforce Investment Act of 1998. The
help offenders become drug‐free and learn Job Corps operates 125 regional offices and
the skills needed to sustain themselves employs approximately 125 Trainee
upon return to the community. The Employment Assistance Program counselors
Department of Justice will assist states and who provide drug prevention and early
local jurisdictions to improve substance intervention to nearly 60,000 at risk youth
abuse‐related services for offenders and enrolled in the program. Costs associated
increase the number of offenders served. with its Trainee Employment Assistance
Program include salaries of the counselors
Homeless Assistance Grants ‐ Continuum and the cost of administering drug testing.
of Care
Department of Housing and Urban Development: Veterans Health Administration Treatment
$542.4 million Department of Veterans Affairs: $568.2 million
(Reflects $96.4 million increase from FY 2012) (Reflects $19.4 million increase over FY 2012)
The Continuum of Care – Homeless The Veterans Health Administration (VHA)
Assistance Grants support efforts to operates a national network of substance
eliminate homelessness by financing local abuse treatment programs located in the
solutions to locate, intervene, and house Department’s medical centers, residential
the homeless population. The Continuum rehabilitation facilities, and outpatient
of Care programs are designed to provide clinics. Reflecting the Administration’s
housing and supportive services on a long‐ commitment to combat veteran
term basis for homeless persons with homelessness and provide compassionate
disabilities (primarily those with serious and caring treatment to veterans, VHA
mental illness, chronic problems with increasingly treats substance use disorders
alcohol and/or drugs, and AIDS or related in a mental health setting, including when it
diseases). With 28 percent of the persons co‐occurs with Post Traumatic Stress
using housing under these programs having Disorder (PTSD).
a demonstrated substance use disorder, the
Strategy specifically calls for programs to
prevent homelessness as a step toward
4 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Prevention communities in developing and
Federal resources totaling $1.4 billion implementing a comprehensive set of
support education and outreach programs programs and services to prevent youth
aimed at preventing the initiation of drug drug use and violence, support early
use. This represents a nearly 1 percent childhood development activities, and
decrease ($‐12.9 million) over the FY 2012 provide needed student mental health
enacted level; the major efforts and services. Safe Schools/Healthy Students
changes are highlighted below: is a joint initiative funded by Education
and the Department of Health and
Successful, Safe, and Healthy Students Human Services’ (HHS) Youth Violence
Grant Program Prevention Program, administered it in
Department of Education: $108.3 million collaboration with the Department of
(Reflects $43.4 million increase over FY 2012) Justice.
This new program will support student
achievement and help ensure students are Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services
mentally and physically healthy and ready Administration (SAMHSA) Prevention
to learn. The objective is to provide Grants
resources and programming to selected Department of Health and Human Services: $404.5
local educational agencies that are trying to million
create an improved school climate that (Reflects $49.5 million decrease from FY 2012)
reduces drug use, violence, and harassment In support of a national, community‐based
and improves school safety and students’ prevention system to protect our
physical and mental well‐being. Within the adolescents, the Department of Health and
program, the Department of Education Human Services’ (HHS) SAMHSA budget
would use: request includes a newly designed State
$85.9 million to award grants to assist Substance Abuse Prevention Grant that
state educational agencies and local combines the Prevention set‐aside and the
educational agencies (LEAs) to develop Strategic Prevention Framework programs
and implement programs and activities focusing exclusively on preventing
that create safe environments. Included substance abuse. The program will identify
in this amount is $37.3 million for and address problems in communities,
Successful, Safe, and Healthy Students create a sustainable and predictable source
State and Local Grants and $48.6 million of prevention funding that will focus on
for grants for Safe and Supportive high risk communities and youth, integrate
Schools projects to support statewide the Strategic Prevention Framework State
measurement of, and targeted Incentive Grant (SPF‐SIG) principles more
programmatic interventions to improve, widely, and hold states and territories
conditions for learning in order to help accountable for achieving measurable
schools improve student safety and outcomes in their prevention programs.
reduce drug abuse.
Drug Free Communities (DFC)
$17.0 million for grant awards under the
Office of National Drug Control Policy: $88.6 million
“Safe Schools/Healthy Students” (Reflects $3.4 million decrease from FY 2012)
initiative. Safe Schools/Healthy The FY 2013 request includes $88.6 million
Students supports LEAs and in DFC funding to support the development
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 5
of community drug‐free coalitions Domestic Law Enforcement
throughout the United States, fully funding Over $9.4 billion in FY 2013 Federal
644 grants, including 20 mentoring grants. resources are requested to support
Community coalitions strive to develop domestic law enforcement efforts, an
local solutions and increase community increase of $61.4 million (0.7%) over the FY
involvement and effectiveness in carrying 2012 enacted level. The Departments of
out a wide array of drug prevention Justice, Homeland Security, and the
strategies, initiatives, and activities. Treasury, with support from the
Department of Defense’s National Guard,
Youth Drug Prevention Media Program provide key domestic law enforcement
Office of National Drug Control Policy: $20.0 support; the major efforts are highlighted
million below.
(Reflects $20.0 increase from FY 2012)
The FY 2013 request will allow for the
Department of Defense (DoD) Domestic
continuance of a national media program
Counterdrug Support
with a community focus to educate youth Department of Defense: $146.9 million
about the adverse and serious (Reflects $124.6 million decrease from FY 2012)
consequences of drug use and to inspire In FY 2013, DoD’s request will support
teens to live “above the influence” through Federal, state, and local drug law
positive behaviors. The Media Program will enforcement agencies requests for
continue to build upon the high level of domestic operational and logistical support
awareness of its “Above the Influence” (ATI) to address drug‐related crime. The change
brand with teens by executing its multi‐ from the prior year is largely the result of
tiered messaging approach – strong lower funding for the National Guard State
community‐level local ATI drug prevention Plans.
efforts delivered through various youth‐
serving organizations combined with a base Prescription Drug Monitoring Program
level of national‐level ATI messaging to (PDMP)
maintain the integrity of the ATI brand. Department of Justice (DOJ): $7.0 million
(Reflects no change from FY 2012)
Drugged Driving The PDMP program provides grants to
Department of Transportation, National Highway states for PDMP planning, implementation,
Traffic Safety Administration: $4.0 million and enhancement. Funding will also
(Reflects $1.3 million increase from FY 2012) support training and technical assistance to
The National Highway Traffic Safety states; further develop a clearinghouse of
Administration’s (NHTSA) FY 2013 request best practices and measures of
will support the Drug‐Impaired Driving effectiveness for PDMPs; and provide
Program, provide public information, technical support for states to engage in
outreach efforts, and improved law electronic interstate data sharing.
enforcement training to help reduce
drugged driving. Funding will support the
development of a roadside survey of drug
use by drivers and the analysis of case
control study data to determine the crash
risk of drugged driving.
6 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) – High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas
Diversion Control Account (HIDTA) Program
Department of Justice: $352.6 million Office of National Drug Control Policy: $200.0
(Reflects $30.6 million increase from FY 2012) million
DEA’s Office of Diversion Control (ODC) (Reflects $38.5 million decrease from FY 2012)
enforces the provisions of both the HIDTA coordinates Federal, state, tribal and
Controlled Substances Act and the Chemical local collaboration of law enforcement
Diversion and Trafficking Act by preventing, investigations and operations to disrupt and
detecting and investigating the diversion of dismantle complex drug trafficking
controlled pharmaceuticals and listed organizations.
chemicals from legitimate sources. The FY
2013 President’s Budget for the Diversion Interdiction
Control Fee Account includes an increase of The Federal budget request for interdiction
$8 million and 87 positions to support totals $3.7 billion in FY 2013, for an increase
Tactical Diversion Squads. Additional of $89.3 million (2.5%) over the FY 2012
personnel will perform duties related to enacted level. The Departments of
intelligence gathering and dissemination, Homeland Security and Defense perform
laboratory analysis of evidence, legal activities designed to interrupt the
counsel and action against violators, trafficking of illicit drugs into the United
technology for internet investigative States by targeting the transportation link;
support, headquarters program support major efforts and changes are highlighted
including internal controls, drug and below.
chemical scheduling, liaison and policy,
regulatory drafting, financial management, Customs and Border Protection ‐ Border
and clerical case support. Security at Ports of Entry (POEs)
Department of Homeland Security: $946.7 million
Incarceration Operations (Reflects $53.2 million increase over FY 2012
Department of Justice/Federal Judiciary: $4,527.2 enacted level)
million The FY 2013 President’s Budget request
(Reflects $141.8 million increase over FY 2012) proposes a $53.2 million increase over the
The Bureau of Prisons, the U.S. Marshals FY 2012 enacted level for border security
Service ‐ Federal Prisoner Detention, and and trade facilitation at the POEs. The
the Federal Judiciary conduct activities increase in resources will further drug
associated with the incarceration and/or interdiction efforts at POEs.
monitoring of drug‐related offenders. As a
consequence of drug abuse, the FY 2013 Customs and Border Protection ‐ Air &
request includes funding for the costs Marine Support
associated with inmate care, security and Department of Homeland Security: $644.9 million
facility maintenance, contracted (Reflects $66.9 million decrease from FY 2012
confinement, and general management and enacted level)
administration. The decrease in the FY 2013 request is due
to a one‐time FY 2012 non‐recurring
enhancement for the Office of Air and
Marine’s (OAM) fleet acquisition of new
aircraft and marine vessels and for the P‐3
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 7
Service Life Extension Program’s structural is in Afghanistan, and is due to a shift away
inspections and wing and tail replacements from stabilization‐ and staple crop‐focused
and upgrades. The decrease also reflects a alternative development programs to those
reduction in OAM mission and field support more closely integrating stabilization,
staff. alternative development, and market‐led
agricultural development objectives. The
United States Coast Guard Acquisition, decrease also is due to the ability of the
Construction and Improvements Government of Colombia to support many
Department of Homeland Security: $401.9 million alternative development programs
(Reflects $147.4 million increase over FY 2012 themselves in the Andean Region.
enacted level)
The FY 2013 request proposes an increase
Colombia
of $147.4 million, primarily due to the Coast Department of State/INL: $114.0 million
Guard’s planned procurement of the sixth (Reflects $16.4 million decrease from FY 2012)
National Security Cutter. The United States will continue supporting
Colombian‐led interdiction and eradication
efforts as the Colombian Government
International
works to implement its National
The FY 2013 Budget requests nearly $2.0
Consolidation Plan. Additional support will
billion to provide international support, a
expand local drug prevention programs and
decrease of $125.6 million (6.0%) from the
enhance the Colombian National Police’s
FY 2012 enacted level. The Departments of
capability to maintain a security presence in
Defense, Justice, and State perform a wide
former conflict and drug trafficking regions
range of drug‐control activities primarily
while expanding access to state institutions
focused on or conducted in areas outside of
and services in these regions. Much of the
the United States. These programs help
decrease in the FY 2013 request is due to
facilitate the disruption or dismantlement
the successful nationalization of the
of the most significant international drug
Colombian Army Aviation and Counterdrug
organizations, and increase the demand
Brigade programs in FY 2012, which
reduction and drug enforcement
resulted in no request for funding in FY
capabilities of partner nations. Major
2013.
efforts and changes are highlighted below.
Mexico
United States Agency for International Department of State/INL: $55.0 million
Development (USAID) (Reflects $12.0 million decrease from FY 2012)
Department of State: $179.1 million In FY 2013, support will continue to include
(Reflects $104.2 million decrease from FY 2012)
counternarcotics, law enforcement, and
The FY 2013 request will focus on efforts to
demand reduction initiatives in an effort to
disrupt the market for illegal drugs through
dismantle drug trafficking and other
alternative development programs in the
criminal organizations, and strengthen
Andean Region. In Afghanistan, USAID will
justice sector institutions while expanding
continue to focus on reducing the
their capacity to attack and deter crime
production of illegal crops by promoting
affecting the United States, especially along
alternative livelihoods programs. The
our shared border. The reduction in
majority of the decreased funding in FY2013
8 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
counternarcotics funding is due to the reducing the supply of illicit crops through
successful maturation of programs that will the Afghan Governor‐led eradication and
become the responsibility of the the Good Performers Initiative programs,
Government of Mexico. and providing demand reduction efforts.
The majority of the increase in drug control
Caribbean Basin Security Initiative funding in FY 2013 is attributed to increased
Department of State/INL: $11.5 million requirements to support the
(Reflects $6.3 million decrease from FY 2012) Counternarcotics Police of Afghanistan and
The FY 2013 request will include support for the work of the DEA in Afghanistan.
law enforcement professionalization and
capacity building, as well as interdiction
operations. Other priorities include rule of Performance Measurement
law initiatives and enhancements in the Performance represents a key tool for
judicial process. The decrease in funding in ONDCP in its oversight of Federal agencies –
FY 2013 is attributed to a focus on training it enables ONDCP to assess the extent to
and capacity building for law enforcement which the Strategy meets its goals, and the
and less emphasis on logistical support and relative contributions of drug control
equipment. agencies. Section 1705 of Title 21 of the
United States Code and the Government
Central America Regional Security Performance and Results Modernization Act
Initiative (CARSI) of 2010 (GPRAMA) set the framework for a
Department of State/INL: $14.0 million range of performance requirements.
(Reflects $4.8 million decrease from FY 2012)
The FY 2013 request will be used to combat 21 USC §1705(c) requires ONDCP to track
international drug trafficking in Central and report on progress of the Strategy as
America. In addition, support will be reflected in performance measures and
provided to assist law enforcement and targets established for each goal and
justice sector capacity building and objective in the Strategy. ONDCP has
prevention programs. The decrease is worked to develop such a performance
attributed to the end of funding for the monitoring and assessment mechanism –
aviation program in Guatemala, as the 4‐ the Performance Reporting System (PRS).
year program ended in FY 2012. The PRS will monitor key performance
measures to inform ONDCP whether drug
Afghanistan and Central Asia control programs are performing as
Department of State/Department of Defense: expected.
$653.3 million
(Reflects $72.5 million increase over FY 2012)
U.S. efforts in Afghanistan and Central Asia, The PRS was developed through an
provided by the Departments of State and extensive interagency process that brought
Defense, will focus on interdiction, justice together subject matter experts, policy and
reform, and law enforcement capacity program analysts, researchers, statisticians,
building efforts, as well as building the and leadership from Federal drug control
capacity of the Afghan government so it can agencies. Targets were then determined by
independently support counternarcotics interagency groups for each measure based
activities. Funding also will support on baseline data and trend lines.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 9
The PRS will collect and report on data for
each performance measure in the PRS
including the data source, agencies
responsible for achieving the target, and
the agency that reports the data. This
information will be used to inform budget
formulation and resource allocation,
Strategy implementation, policymaking,
and planning, and will show progress
toward the Strategy’s Goals and Objectives.
The first PRS Report will be released with
the 2011 Strategy.
10 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
II. Drug Control Funding Tables
Table 1: Federal Drug Control Spending by Function
FY 2011 – FY 2013
(Budget Authority in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY12‐FY13 Change
Final Enacted Request Dollars Percent
Function
Treatment 8,953.9 8,747.5 9,150.5 +403.0 +4.6%
Percent 35.0% 34.2% 36.3%
Prevention 1,478.1 1,400.5 1,387.6 ‐12.9 ‐0.9%
Percent 5.8% 5.5% 5.5%
Domestic Law Enforcement 9,143.0 9,357.5 9,418.9 +61.4 +0.7%
Percent 35.7% 36.6% 37.4%
Interdiction 3,977.1 3,591.6 3,680.9 +89.3 +2.5%
Percent 15.5% 14.0% 14.6%
International 2,027.6 2,087.6 1,962.0 ‐125.6 ‐6.0%
Percent 7.9% 8.2% 7.8%
Total $25,579.7 $25,184.7 $25,599.9 +$415.3 +1.6%
Supply/Demand Split
Demand Reduction 10,431.9 10,148.0 10,538.2 +390.2 +3.8%
Percent 40.8% 40.3% 41.2%
Supply Reduction 15,147.7 15,036.6 15,061.8 +25.2 +0.2%
Percent 59.7% 58.9% 59.3%
Total $25,579.7 $25,184.7 $25,599.9 +$415.3 +1.6%
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 13
Table 2: Federal Drug Control Spending by Agency
(Budget Authority in Millions)
FY2011 FY2012 FY2013
Final Enacted Request
Department of Agriculture
U.S. Forest Service 15.3 15.3 14.7
Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the District 52.8 53.1 52.4
of Columbia
Department of Defense
Drug Interdiction and Counterdrug Activities2/OPTEMPO3 1,743.3 1,828.8 1,630.3
Defense Health Program 93.3 96.5 94.9
Total DoD 1,836.5 1,925.3 1,725.2
Department of Education 123.9 64.9 108.3
Federal Judiciary 1,126.9 1,133.3 1,164.5
Department of Health and Human Services
Administration for Children and Families 20.0 20.0 20.0
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services4 4,643.8 4,467.4 4,751.1
Health Resources and Services Administration 16.9 18.1 18.3
Indian Health Service 96.0 98.1 96.8
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 56.9 57.0 56.8
National Institute on Drug Abuse 1,048.8 1,052.1 1,054.0
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration5 2,576.8 2,565.8 2,470.9
Total HHS 8,459.2 8,278.6 8,467.9
Department of Homeland Security
Customs and Border Protection 2,238.3 2,280.3 2,276.4
Federal Emergency Management Agency6 8.3 7.5 0.0
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center 47.8 48.5 46.3
Immigration and Customs Enforcement 504.5 523.5 503.1
United States Coast Guard7 1,408.1 977.3 1,124.9
Office of Counternarcotics Enforcement 2.9 1.8 0.0
Total DHS 4,209.9 3,838.9 3,950.7
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Community Planning and Development 464.2 446.0 542.4
Department of the Interior
Bureau of Indian Affairs 10.0 10.0 10.0
Bureau of Land Management 5.1 5.1 5.1
National Park Service 3.3 3.3 3.3
Total Interior 18.4 18.4 18.4
14 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
FY2011 FY2012 FY2013
Final Enacted Request
Department of Justice
Assets Forfeiture Fund 214.7 224.8 236.0
Bureau of Prisons 3,287.7 3,396.9 3,517.3
Criminal Division 12.3 12.3 12.6
Drug Enforcement Administration 2,305.9 2,347.0 2,387.9
Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force Program 527.5 527.5 524.8
Office of Justice Programs 226.3 162.0 244.6
National Drug Intelligence Center 34.0 20.0 0.0
U.S. Attorneys 82.2 79.5 80.6
U.S. Marshals Service 237.7 248.9 250.8
U.S. Marshals Service ‐ Federal Prisoner Detention 533.0 580.0 604.0
Total Justice 7,461.3 7,598.9 7,858.5
Department of Labor
Employment and Training Administration 6.6 6.6 6.5
Office of National Drug Control Policy
High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas 238.5 238.5 200.0
Other Federal Drug Control Programs 140.6 105.6 118.6
Salaries and Expenses 27.1 24.5 23.4
Total ONDCP 406.2 368.6 342.0
Small Business Administration 1.0 0.0 0.0
Department of State
Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement 575.3 513.2 507.8
Affairs8
United States Agency for International Development 198.6 283.3 179.1
Total State 773.9 796.5 686.9
Department of Transportation
Federal Aviation Administration 27.9 28.7 28.8
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 2.7 2.7 4.0
Total Transportation 30.6 31.4 32.8
Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service 60.1 60.3 60.6
Department of Veterans Affairs
Veterans Health Administration9 532.9 548.7 568.2
$25,579.7 $25,184.7 $25,599.9
1
Detail may not add due to rounding.
2
DOD amounts include funding appropriated or requested for overseas contingency operations.
3
OPTEMPO funding (flight hours and steaming days) is reported by the military services and is not part of DOD’s
counter‐drug activities budget request.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 15
4
The Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) outlay
estimates include substance abuse treatment expenditures for both Medicare and Medicaid. While CMS’s Office
of the Actuary (OACT) developed the Medicare estimates, Medicaid estimates were developed as a placeholder
by ONDCP, based on data in the 2008 Report from HHS entitled ‘SAMHSA spending estimates: MHSA spending
projections for 2004–2014’. OACT did not develop nor approve the Medicaid estimates. Medicaid estimates are
not consistent with the FY 2013 President’s Budget Medicaid baseline projections, and do not incorporate the
impact of recent legislation (including the Recovery Act and the Affordable Care Act), or recent economic and
policy changes to the programs. These estimates are for use while HHS develops a more precise estimate
consistent with current program spending.
5
Includes budget authority and funding through evaluation set‐aside authorized by Section 241 of the Public
Health Service (PHS) Act.
6
FEMA amount reflects Operation Stonegarden grant funding.
7
The USCG budgets by appropriation rather than individual missions. The USCG projects resource allocations by
mission through use of an activity‐based costing system. Actual allocations will vary depending upon operational
environment and mission need. In FY 2011, the USCG anticipated allocating $1,162.3 toward the drug interdiction
mission. According to the USCG operations database, however, actual EOY allocation totaled $1,408.1 million.
8
State Department amounts include funding appropriated or requested for overseas contingency operations.
9
VA Medical Care receives advance appropriations; FY 2013 funding was provided in the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2012 (Public Law 112–74).
16 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Table 3: Historical Drug Control Funding by Function
FY 2004 – FY 2013
(Budget Authority in Millions)
FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
FUNCTIONS
Final Final Final Final Final Final Final Enacted Request
Demand Reduction
Drug Abuse Treatment 6,761.8 6,811.0 7,135.0 7,422.9 8,426.9 8,937.2 8,953.9 8,747.5 9,150.5
Drug Abuse Prevention 2,040.0 1,964.5 1,934.2 1,841.0 1,954.0 1,566.4 1,478.1 1,400.5 1,387.6
Total Demand Reduction 8,801.9 8,775.5 9,069.29,263.9 10,380.9 10,503.6 10,431.98 10,148.0 10,538.2
Percentage 43.2% 41.5% 40.8% 41.2% 40.5% 40.5% 40.8% 40.3% 41.8%
Supply Reduction
Domestic Law Enforcement 7,266.1 7,525.2 7,921.2 8,268.9 8,994.0 9,155.5 9,143.0 9,357.5 9,418.9
Interdiction 2,433.6 2,924.1 3,045.9 2,968.7 3,699.2 3,662.4 3,977.1 3,591.6 3,680.9
International 1,873.7 1,895.8 2,191.4 1,998.5 2,532.6 2,595.0 2,027.6 2,087.6 1,962.0
Total Supply Reduction 11,573.4 12,357.2 13,158.5 13,236.1 15,225.9 15,412.9 15,147.7 15,036.6 15,061.8
Percentage 56.8% 58.5% 59.2% 58.8% 59.5% 59.5% 59.2% 59.7% 58.8%
TOTALS 20,375.2 21,1207.7 22,227.7 22,500.0 25,606.8 25,916.5 25,579.7 25,184.6 25,599.9
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 17
III. Agency Budget Summaries
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
U.S. Forest Service
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Intelligence $0.200 $0.200 $0.200
Investigations 14.000 14.000 13.600
Prevention 0.100 0.100 0.100
Prosecution 0.300 0.300 0.200
State and Local Assistance 0.700 0.600 0.600
Total Drug Resources by Function $15.300 $15.200 $14.700
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Law Enforcement Agency Support $15.300 $15.200 $14.700
Total Drug Resources by Function $15.300 $15.200 $14.700
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 68 68 66
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $5.1 $4.8 $4.9
Drug Resources Percentage 0.3% 0.3% 0.3%
Program Summary
MISSION national grasslands. Most of this land is
The mission of the U.S. Forest Service (FS) is located in extremely rural areas of the
to sustain the health, diversity, and United States.
productivity of the Nation’s forests and
grasslands to meet the needs of present The FS LE&I program is directed at
and future generations. In support of this protecting the public, employees, and
mission, the FS’ Law Enforcement and natural resources. Three drug enforcement
Investigations (LE&I) program’s basic issues are of specific concern to the FS:
mission is public and employee safety, marijuana cultivation, methamphetamine
resource protection, enforcement of US production, and smuggling across
Criminal Law, and to provide enforcement international borders. These activities
expertise to other agency managers. The FS increase the risks to the health and safety
manages 193 million acres in 44 states, the of the visiting public and employees, and
Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico the continued viability of the Nation’s
encompassing 155 national forests and 20 natural resources.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 23
METHODOLOGY FY 2013 Changes (‐0.5 million): In FY
The U.S. Forest Service (FS) budget 2013, the FS will conduct a multi‐agency
structure includes a Law Enforcement and eradication operation to target the
Investigations (LEI) budget line item within eradication of marijuana cultivated on
the National Forest System (NFS) NFS lands. The FS continues its
appropriation. Within the LEI budget line participation in the Office of National
item, funds allocated for drug enforcement Drug Control Policy’s High Intensity Drug
activities are based on an analysis of Trafficking Area program to leverage
workload that takes into account all law resources with Federal, state, and local
enforcement responsibilities related to the agencies, and places emphasis on NFS
mission of the FS. lands along the Southwest and Northern
borders to decrease trafficking and
BUDGET SUMMARY movement of drugs in support of the
The FY 2013 request is $14.7 million, which President’s National Drug Control
is a decrease of $0.5 million from the FY Strategy.
2012 enacted level.
PERFORMANCE
Law Enforcement and Investigations This section on the FY 2011 performance of
Total FY 2013 Request: $14.7 million the drug control mission of the FS’s LE&I
(Reflects $0.5 million decrease from FY 2012 program is based on agency GPRA
enacted level) documents and other agency information.
Through ongoing activities, the FS identifies,
investigates, disrupts and dismantles drug The FY 2011 performance information for
trafficking organizations involved in the LE&I program is provided below.
marijuana cultivation, including their
supporting co‐conspirators (transportation
and financial components), that are
responsible for the large‐scale marijuana
grow operations on NFS lands. With the
collection, dissemination, and use of
intelligence pertaining to individuals,
organizations, and co‐conspirators who are
involved in the cultivation and trafficking of
marijuana on NFS lands, the FS provides
prosecutorial support and convictions for
marijuana cultivators and their co‐
conspirators.
As part of the FS investigative process,
marijuana being cultivated on NFS lands will
be eradicated. Grow sites are then cleaned
as part of the rehabilitative process in order
to deter the reuse of the site for marijuana
cultivation.
24 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
U.S. Forest Service Law Enforcement and Investigations
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Number of marijuana plants eradicated on National Forest Service 2,300,00 2,389,870
lands
» Percent of cases referred for adjudication 6.9* 7.5*
» Percent of documented law enforcement incidents per 10,000 forest 7.6* 6.5*
visits
* These data include all law enforcement activities, including drug control.
Discussion
National Forest System (NFS) lands are used
by Drug Trafficking Organizations (DTOs) in
the unlawful production of marijuana and
other controlled substances. To address
this threat 10.5 percent of the time of
sworn officers is spent on drug enforcement
for both activities. In FY 2011, there were
642 sworn officers for LE&I.
Reflecting the multi‐mission nature of the
Law Enforcement units, the accounting
system is keyed to reflect all investigations
and enforcement activities; drug control
focused results are not disaggregated. The
LE&I program relies on the Law
Enforcement Investigations Management
Attainment Reporting System (LEIMARS)
database to estimate seizures of money,
property, firearms and specific drugs
(marijuana, methamphetamines, cocaine,
etc.)
In FY 2011, 2,389,870 marijuana plants
were eradicated from NFS lands. 77
percent of marijuana grown on Federal
public lands is grown on National Forest
Lands. 88 percent of all Drug Trafficking
Organization activity in NFS lands occurs in
California; all 18 National Forests in
California have DTO activity. Since FY 2000,
19,440,676 marijuana plants have been
eradicated nationally.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 25
COURT SERVICES AND OFFENDER SUPERVISION AGENCY
COURT SERVICES AND OFFENDER SUPERVISION AGENCY
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Prevention $17.775 $18.814 $18.072
Treatment 34.985 34.241 34.364
Total Drug Resources by Function $52.760 $53.055 $52.436
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Community Supervision Program 35.582 35.676 35.838
Pretrial Services Agency 17.178 17.379 16.598
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $52.760 $53.055 $52.436
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 271 280 282
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $212.0 $213.0 $215.5
Drug Resources Percentage 24.9% 24.9% 24.3%
Program Summary
MISSION community safety by assisting judicial
The mission of the Court Services and officers in making appropriate release
Offender Supervision Agency (CSOSA) is to decisions, and by providing close
increase public safety, prevent crime, supervision and pro‐social interventions to
reduce recidivism, and support the fair defendants released to the community.
administration of justice in close
collaboration with the District of Columbia Seventy percent of convicted offenders
community. The CSOSA appropriation is serve all or part of their sentence in the
comprised of two components: the community and approximately eighty
Community Supervision Program (CSP) and percent of pretrial defendants are released
the Pretrial Services Agency for the District to the community. As such, the effective
of Columbia (PSA). CSP is responsible for supervision of pretrial defendants and
supervision of offenders on probation, convicted offenders is critical to public
parole or supervised release, as well as safety in the District of Columbia. Two
monitoring Civil Protection Orders and strategic goals support CSOSA’s mission.
deferred sentencing agreements. PSA is an The first goal targets public safety by
independent entity within CSOSA. Its preventing the population supervised by
mission is to promote pretrial justice and CSOSA from engaging in criminal activity.
The second goal targets the fair
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 29
administration of justice by providing BUDGET SUMMARY
accurate information and meaningful The total drug control request for CSOSA for
recommendations to criminal justice FY 2013 is $52.4, a net decrease of $0.6
decision‐makers, namely, the courts and million below FY 2012 Enacted levels.
the United States Parole Commission.
CSP Drug Testing
METHODOLOGY FY 2013 Request: $6.5 million
The CSOSA appropriation does not have (Reflects no change from FY 2012)
specific line items or programs for drug In FY 2011, approximately 83 percent of the
control activities. CSP’s Drug Testing and offenders placed under CSP supervision
Treatment activities correlate with ONDCP’s reported having a history of substance
Prevention and Treatment drug control abuse. CSP drug testing is intended to
function, respectively. CSP uses a cost monitor compliance with supervision
allocation methodology to determine Drug conditions and prevent drug use. Drug test
Testing and Treatment activity resources, results may be used, along with other
including both direct (e.g., direct staff, factors, as an indicator of an offender’s
direct contracts) and indirect (e.g., rent, need for substance abuse treatment. All
management) cost items supporting CSP offenders are placed on a drug testing
Drug Testing and Treatment activities. schedule, with frequency of testing
dependent upon prior substance abuse
PSA has two program areas related to its history, supervision risk level, and length of
drug control mission ‐ drug testing and drug time under CSP supervision. In addition, all
treatment. The Drug Testing and offenders are subject to random spot
Compliance Unit (DTCU) is responsible for testing at any time. Offenders submit urine
the collection of urine samples and the samples at the CSOSA Re‐entry and
Forensic Toxicology Drug Testing Laboratory Sanctions Center and four CSP illegal
(FTDTL) provides forensic toxicology drug substance collection units located
testing and analysis. Drug Treatment is throughout the District of Columbia. Each
provided by or coordinated through PSA’s urine sample may be tested for up to seven
Treatment Program. The major cost drugs (Marijuana, PCP, Opiates,
elements for the drug testing program Methadone, Cocaine, Amphetamines and
include labor expenses for the FTDTL and Alcohol). CSP offender urine samples are
DTCU staff, recurring expenses for lab tested by PSA and results provided back to
reagents and other supplies, lease expenses CSP within 48 hours after the sample is
for the FTDTL, and the purchase and taken.
maintenance of lab equipment. Overhead
and agency administrative expenses are not FY 2013 Changes (no change): The FY 2013
included. PSA provides drug testing services request will provide resources to continue
to other Federal and non‐Federal agencies offender drug testing at current levels.
on a limited reimbursable basis. Revenues
from other agencies are netted against
gross costs. The major cost elements for
the Treatment Program include labor
expenses and contractual services.
30 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
CSP Treatment to continue offender treatment services
FY 2013 Request: $29.3 million at current levels.
(Reflects $0.1 million increase from FY 2012)
CSP provides sanctions‐based treatment PSA Drug Prevention
and support services, as determined by CSP FY 2013 Request: $11.572 million
offender drug testing, assessments, and (Reflects $0.8 million decrease from FY 2012)
other factors, to assist offenders in With a majority of all criminal defendants
reintegrating into the community. Drug‐ having substance dependence problems,
involved offenders are evaluated through drug testing services are integral to the
individualized assessments and, based on judicial process in the District of Columbia
priority and funds availability, are referred and to public safety. Continuation of the
to a variety of contracted treatment services provided by PSA’s DCTU and the
services, including residential and intensive FTDTL is paramount to the Agency’s mission
out‐patient treatment programs, success. Drug testing provides much of the
transitional housing and other specialized diagnostic and supervision information
assessment and treatment services as needed to ensure lower rearrest rates and
indicated through continuing evaluations. defendant return for court appearances.
Typically, an offender who has serious, Drug use monitoring facilitates risk
persistent substance abuse problem assessment, enables close supervision,
requires a treatment program continuum measures the success of drug treatment
consisting of three separate substance and assists in predicting future criminality.
abuse treatment placements (in‐house or It is critical to effective community
contract) to fully address his or her issues. supervision of those on pretrial release,
In FY 2011, CSP made 2,117 contract probation and parole; and provides data for
substance abuse treatment placements and law enforcement partners. The FTDTL also
624 transitional housing placements using provides additional service to the DC
appropriated funds. In addition, CSOSA’s Superior Court in testing for juveniles and
Re‐entry and Sanctions Center (RSC) at families.
Karrick Hall provides high risk offenders and
defendants with a 28‐day intensive FY 2013 Changes (‐$0.8 million): PSA’s
assessment, re‐entry and treatment FY 2012 enacted budget includes a
readiness counseling program in a multiple year appropriation of
residential setting. The RSC program is $1,000,000 to relocate the FTDTL. This
specifically tailored for amount includes the estimated costs of
offenders/defendants with long histories of new space build‐out, laboratory design
crime and substance abuse coupled with expertise, increased lease cost, contract
long periods of incarceration and little assistance, and miscellaneous expenses.
outside support. These individuals are The FY 2013 budget request reflects a
particularly vulnerable to both criminal and reduction of $800,000 in one‐time costs
drug relapse. associated with FY 2012 funding to
relocate the Lab. In order to offset
FY 2013 Changes (+$0.1 million): The anticipated additional rent costs at the
FY 2013 budget will provide resources new location, $200,000 is added to the
FY 2013 requested base budget.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 31
Assessment Unit that assesses defendants
Except for the $1,000,000 to relocate for substance dependence treatment,
the PSA lab, PSA’s enacted FY 2012 mental health services, and social services
funding level remained at the FY 2011 needs). Each of the drug treatment
enacted funding level. In order to cover programs is designed to motivate
inflationary increases in operating defendants toward compliant behavior and
expenses, PSA made one‐time to reduce drug use. Treatment is delivered
reductions totaling approximately $1.3M using in‐house staff and contract providers.
to its FY 2012 operating budget plan. Each program uses a treatment plan that
PSA has curtailed spending in training, guides case managers in tailoring and
information technology resources, and modifying therapeutic interventions for a
other operating costs, and in its drug population involved in the criminal justice
testing services and contracted drug system.
treatment programs.
FY 2013 Changes (no change): PSA
In order to meet funding targets in FY reduced contractual treatment services
2012 and FY 2013, PSA determined it in order to reached funding targets in FY
had to reprioritize how substance‐ 2013. Effective January 1, 2012, PSA no
involved defendants are drug tested and longer provides outpatient drug
treated. PSA will only focus treatment treatment. Reduction of the treatment
and drug testing resources on services will result in fewer defendants
defendants under its supervision with receiving the critical care needed as a
the highest risk/need indicators. As part condition of release pending trial and
of PSA’s efforts to channel its resources lessen PSA’s ability to respond to public
to the high risk population, effective safety concerns, given the correlation
November 30, 2011, PSA no longer tests between drug usage and rearrest.
for marijuana in the adult pretrial Supervision of drug‐dependent
population, except in limited individuals is not effective when the
circumstances, such as defendants justice system cannot respond quickly to
participating in treatment programs. continued drug use with treatment and
immediate sanctions.
PSA Drug Treatment
FY 2013 Request: $5.025 million PERFORMANCE
(Reflects no change from FY 2012)
FY 2011 drug control program mission
PSA’s Treatment Program include Superior
performance is based on Agency
Court Drug Intervention Program (Drug
Government Performance and Results Act
Court), the New Directions Program, the
(GPRA) documents and other agency
D.C. Misdemeanor and Traffic Initiative
information. The FY 2011 performance data
(DCMTI), the Specialized Supervision Unit
is displayed below.
(SSU), and the Sanctions Based Treatment
Program (SBT). (The Treatment Program
also includes a Social Services and
32 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance Target Achieved
>> Percentage of CSP active tested offender population reporting at least one positive drug test Not
(excluding alcohol) Established 40%
>> Percentage of PSA defendants who have a reduction in drug usage following placement in a
sanction‐based treatment program 74% 84%
Note: Community Supervision Program (CSP) previously identified this measure as an intermediate outcome for which CSP did
not establish performance measure targets.
Discussion
Community Supervision Program Of the FY 2011 tested offender population, 40
CSOSA’s CSP has a drug testing policy to percent tested positive for illicit drugs at least
both monitor the offender’s compliance one time (excluding alcohol) during FY 2011. This
with the releasing authority’s requirement is a decrease from FY 2010 when 42 percent
to abstain from drug use and to assess the tested positive. Data indicate that the slight
offender’s level of need for substance decline in FY 2011 drug use is due to fewer
abuse treatment. This policy also defines offenders testing positive for PCP and Cocaine.
the schedule under which eligible offenders Use of other drugs including marijuana, opiates,
are drug tested. Offenders can become methadone, and amphetamines did not decline
ineligible for testing (other than initial in FY 2011. Although a relatively small
testing at intake) for a variety of percentage of the tested offender population
administrative reasons, including change produced positive results for PCP, CSP
from active to warrant status, case transfer aggressively addresses these high‐risk, non‐
from DC to another jurisdiction, rearrest, compliant offenders by initiating actions to
and admission to substance abuse remove these individuals from the community
treatment (at which point testing is through placement in residential treatment or a
conducted by the treatment provider). The sanctions program. CSP will continue to monitor
policy also includes spot testing for these trends is currently revising the agency’s
offenders who are on minimum supervision, performance measures and performance targets.
as well as those who do not have histories
of drug use and who have established a Pretrial Services Agency
record of negative tests. Drug using, mentally ill defendants (referred
to as dually diagnosed) are at higher risk for
Each offender urine sample may be tested rearrest and failure to appear for court.
for up to seven drugs (Marijuana, PCP, The measures associated with PSA’s
Opiates, Methadone, Cocaine, integration of supervision with treatment
Amphetamines and Alcohol). CSP offender are focused on addressing the specialized
samples are tested by the Pretrial Services needs (e.g., drug use, unemployment, and
Agency for the District of Columbia and mental health problems) of released
results provided back to CSP within 48 defendants. Success in reducing rearrest
hours after the sample is taken. On and failure to appear for court depends on
average, CSP drug tested 31,113 samples two key factors: 1) identifying and treating
from 9,044 unique offenders each month in drug use and other social problems, and 2)
FY 2011. establishing swift and certain consequences
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 33
for continued drug use. Sanction‐based
treatment is one of the most effective tools
for breaking the cycle of substance abuse
and crime. In addition to public safety
benefits, the community also benefits from
the cost savings of providing treatment in
lieu of incarceration. PSA provides
sanctions‐based treatment programs to the
defendant population as a mechanism for
enhancing community safety. In FY 2011,
drug‐using defendants had a rearrest rate
of 16 percent, while non‐drug using
defendants had a rearrest rate of only 7
percent.
PSA responds to drug use by referring
defendants to appropriate treatment and
working to ensure their placement.
34 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Defense Health Program
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Treatment1 (for drug abuse only) $88.063 $90.350 $93.224
Research and Development2 (for alcohol and drug abuse) $5.200 $6.100 $1.700
Total Drug Resources by Function $93.263 $96.450 $94.924
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Defense Health Program (DHP) $93.263 $96.450 $94.924
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $93.263 $96.450 $94.924
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 0 0 0
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions)3 $35.963 $37.463 $36.838
Drug Resources Percentage 0.26% 0.26% 0.26%
1
Treatment estimates reflect medical care costs only and exclude the following costs: administrative expenses,
pharmaceuticals, health care costs of Medicare‐eligible beneficiaries, and enrollees of the US Family Health Plan.
2
Research estimates include one‐time Congressional funding additions of $5.1 million in FY 2011 and $4.5 million in FY 2012.
3
Total agency budget represents the Unified Medical Care budget less the Medicare Eligible Retiree Health Care Fund.
Program Summary
MISSION
The medical mission of the Department of Included are costs associated with
Defense (DoD) is to enhance DoD and the provisions of the TRICARE benefit, as well as
nation’s security by providing health the costs of a relatively new program in
support for the full range of military Alcohol and Substance Abuse research
operations and sustaining the health of all supported by the DHP. The TRICARE benefit
those entrusted to their care. The Defense provides for the health care of active duty
Health Program (DHP) appropriation service members, National Guard and
funding provides for worldwide medical and Reserve members, retirees, their families,
dental services to active forces and other survivors and certain former spouses
eligible beneficiaries, veterinary services, worldwide. As a major component of the
medical command headquarters, Military Health System (MHS), TRICARE
specialized services for the training of brings together the health care resources of
medical personnel, and occupational and the uniformed services and supplements
industrial health care. them with networks of civilian health care
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 37
professionals, institutions, pharmacies, and these increases could slow down
suppliers to provide access to high‐quality significantly in future years with the
health care services while maintaining the conclusion of the Department’s combat
capability to support military operations. mission in Iraq. Additional analysis is
needed in the coming years to better
METHODOLOGY understand underlying factors associated
With the exception of Congressionally‐ with these costs.
directed research activities, the DHP
appropriation does not have specific line Costs for DHP‐related research activities are
items or programs designated for drug based upon current planning, and actuals
control activities. As a result, the FY 2011 may vary based upon projects received and
reported amount for substance abuse selected for funding.
treatment costs is based on an extract of
inpatient and ambulatory encounter claims
data containing selected drug abuse BUDGET SUMMARY
primary diagnoses and procedures, whether The DoD budget request of $94.9 million,
provided by MHS staff (direct care) or from within the DHP appropriation for FY 2013
private providers (purchased care). health care costs and research efforts
Excluded from the total treatment cost are relating to treatment and research into the
administrative expenses (e.g. contract, causes of drug dependence and abuse,
claims processing), prescription costs prevention and treatment. This amount
(because pharmaceutical records do not reflects an overall decrease of $1.5 million
contain diagnoses codes), Medicare‐eligible from the FY 2012 level of $96.5 million. The
beneficiary treatment costs (not paid by the FY 2012 estimate includes a $4.5 million
Defense Health Program appropriation), US one‐time Congressional addition for "Peer‐
Family Health Plan (a TRICARE health plan) Reviewed Research in Alcohol and
and beneficiary treatment costs (because Substance Abuse Disorders Research."
such care is funded on a capitated basis, Treatment costs are estimated to increase
and claims level data are not available for by $2.9 million over FY 2012.
these beneficiaries).
Defense Health Program
The treatment costs reported for FY 2012 FY 2013 Request: $94.9 million
and FY 2013 are estimates. These amounts (Reflects $1.5 million decrease from FY 2012)
were derived by applying the estimated The FY 2013 request for DoD’s Defense
growth rates of the direct care and Health Program (DHP) appropriation
purchased care system costs to the FY 2011 includes $94.9 million for drug‐related
actual treatment costs. DoD and ONDCP are treatment and research activities. In
working to improve the methodology for support of its mission to provide medical
developing more reliable estimates of services and support to members of the
future DHP drug treatment costs. Over the Armed Forces to keep them physically
past several years, the DHP has experienced prepared for deployment, the DoD provides
greater increases in drug treatment a comprehensive TRICARE substance abuse
expenditures than the overall medical treatment benefit to all members of the
inflation rate. However, it is possible that armed forces, delivered in a regional
38 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
environment, with a seamless worldwide prevention and treatment interventions for
continuity of care. In addition, pursuant to alcohol and substance use disorders
applicable authorities, the DoD offers applicable to military populations. Future
substance abuse treatment to all eligible research will aim to translate and evaluate
beneficiaries. effectiveness of brief interventions for
preventing and treating alcohol and
FY 2013 Changes (‐$1.5 million): The substance use disorders.
overall reduction is due to a $4.5 million
one‐time Congressional add‐on for
"Peer‐Reviewed Research in Alcohol and
Substance Abuse Disorders Research”
provided in FY 2012.
PERFORMANCE
Information regarding the activities of the
DHP is drawn from agency documents and
other DHP information. The MHS will be
revising guidance to the Services on
substance use disorder screening,
evaluation and treatment to evaluate
existing and potential metrics. ONDCP will
be working with MHS to develop
appropriate performance measurements
that reflect the agency’s contribution to the
National Drug Control Strategy.
The DoD medical research portfolio aims to
address the continuum of alcohol and
substance abuse, including research aimed
at prevention, screening, assessment, and
diagnosis, as well as treatment and
recovery. In FY 2011, the DHP supported a
relatively new program in Alcohol and
Substance Abuse research. The initial
research effort focused on understanding
the underlying mechanisms of alcohol and
substance abuse within the context of other
behavioral health issues (e.g., posttraumatic
stress, depression) in general and also
within the military context (e.g., military
service, deployment, reintegration,
operational stressors). Studies were also
aimed at developing evidence‐based
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 39
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Drug Interdiction and Counterdrug Activities
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Intelligence $185.350 $202.216 $231.206
Interdiction 480.143 506.636 495.809
International 680.777 685.474 642.361
Investigations 14.076 14.610 14.709
Prevention 121.504 155.618 109.606
Research and Development 15.834 12.857 9.512
State and Local Assistance 245.596 251.424 127.084
Total Drug Resources by Function $1,743.280 $1,828.835 $1,630.287
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Drug Interdiction and Counterdrug Activities 1,154.706 1,209.620 998.650
Overseas Contingency Operations 440.510 456.458 469.025
Counternarcotics OPTEMPO $148.064 $162.757 $162.612
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $1,743.280 $1,828.835 $1,630.287
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 1,711 1,810 1,753
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $708.2 $670.9 $614.0
Drug Resources Percentage 0.23% 0.29% 0.27%
Program Summary
MISSION reducing or containing other transnational
The Department of Defense's (DoD) threats such as terrorism, insurgency,
authorities and resources provide useful organized crime, weapons trafficking,
and flexible tools to achieve national money laundering, human trafficking, and
security goals. The threat to U.S. national piracy.
security posed by illicit drugs extends
beyond traditional challenges to public DoD has long recognized the linkages
health and safety. Illicit drug trafficking is a between international drug trafficking
powerful and corrosive force weakening the organizations (DTOs), transitional criminal
rule of law in affected countries and organizations (TCOs), and international
preventing governments from effectively terrorism; these actors often finance their
activities with the proceeds from narcotics
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 41
trafficking. The Department's the FY 2012 level of $1,828.8 million. This
counternarcotics programs and activities decrease primarily reflects the elimination
can detect, monitor, and support the of lower priority programs, while preserving
interdiction, disruption, or curtailment of our most important capabilities; savings and
the ever‐expanding narcotics‐related efficiency initiatives resulting from
threats to our national security. reductions in overhead, contract services,
Counternarcotics resources and authorities civilian and military compensation; and the
provide an effective combination of tools reduction in some core program areas.
that support U.S. and partner nation efforts
to combat international narcotics Counternarcotics
trafficking. (Includes Operating Tempo (OPTEMPO) and
supplemental overseas contingency operations
METHODOLOGY (OCO) requests)
Total FY 2013 Request: $1,630.3 million
The majority of DoD counternarcotics (Reflects $198.5 million decrease from FY 2012)
resources (except for substance abuse Department of Defense counternarcotics
treatment – see the Defense Health resources are initially appropriated into the
Program) are requested through the Drug Central Transfer Account. These funds are
Interdiction and Counterdrug Activities allocated to specific programs and projects,
appropriation. These funds are allocated to and then transferred to the most
specific programs and projects and then appropriate Service for implementation.
transferred to the most appropriate Service
or DoD agency for implementation. With Demand Reduction
this flexibility, the DoD counternarcotics FY 2013 Request: $109.6 million
program can address the ever‐changing (Reflects $46.0 million decrease from FY 2012)
patterns in the narcotrafficking threats by The total $109.6 million request will provide
shifting counterdrug resources where it will $28.4 million for the Military Services
most effectively be used. collections; $20.2 million for Military
Service prevention, education and
CN OPTEMPO is defined as the estimated outreach; $44.9 million for Military Service
level of funding for DoD’s aircraft flight laboratory testing operations; $10.1 million
hours and ship steaming days in support of for Joint Service operations; $5.4 million for
counternarcotics activities. The Military DoD Agency civilian collection and
Services derive these estimates by laboratory testing; and $0.6 million for DoD
multiplying the aircraft cost per flight Agency civilian prevention, education, and
hour/ship steam days to the number of outreach. These funds support 100 percent
hours/days the system is employed in drug testing for active duty and reserve
counternarcotics activities, and may include personnel and DoD civilian employees, drug
transit time, on‐station time, and training. abuse prevention/education activities for
military and civilian personnel and their
BUDGET SUMMARY dependents, and drug treatment for
The Department of Defense request of military personnel.
$1,630.3 million for FY 2013 reflects a
program decrease of $198.5 million from
42 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
FY 2013 Changes (‐$46.0 million): This will provide counter‐narcoterrorism
change from prior year primarily is intelligence support and analysis; $61.3
reflective of a onetime increase in FY million is for signals intelligence (SIGINT)
2012 only to improve drug testing of collection and processing; $26.9 million is
military applicants during the accession for Military Service and Special Operations
process and implement random drug command and control programs; $16.0
testing for possible misuse of million is for counternarcotics technology
prescription drugs. efforts; and $13.7 million will provide
Operational Support.
Domestic Support
FY 2013 Request: $147.7 million FY 2013 Changes (‐$18.8 million): This
(Reflects $90.5 million decrease from FY 2012) decrease primarily reflects a decrease in
This funding supports Federal, state, and technology activities in support of the
local drug law enforcement agencies’ Combatant Commands.
(DLEAs) requests for domestic operational
and logistical support to address drug‐ International Support
related crime. Of this amount, $116.6 FY 2013 Request: $1,181.2 million
million will support a portion of the total (Reflects $43.2 million decrease from FY 2012)
National Guard State Plans that supports International support programs include
domestic law enforcement efforts and efforts in the U.S. Central Command, U.S.
counter‐narcoterrorism schools; $12.0 Southern Command, U.S. Pacific Command,
million is for Domestic Operational Support, U.S. Northern Command, U.S. Africa
such as U.S. Northern Command Command, and U.S. European Command,
(USNORTHCOM) counter‐narcoterrorism areas of responsibility (AOR) to detect,
support to DLEAs and Title 10 National interdict, disrupt, or curtail activities related
Guard translation efforts; and $19.1 million to substances, material, weapons, or
is for domestic detection and monitoring resources used to finance, support, secure,
efforts, such as Tethered Aerostats. cultivate, process, or transport illegal drugs.
$775.7 million supports operations in these
FY 2013 Changes (‐$90.5 million): This AORs, including providing equipment under
change from the prior year is largely the Section 1033 authority (this includes $469.0
result of lower funding for the National million requested as a part of the
Guard State Plans. Department’s Overseas Contingency
Operations (OCO) request); $246.6 million is
Intelligence and Technology for detection and monitoring platforms and
FY 2013 Request: $191.8 million assets (including CN OPTEMPO), primarily in
(Reflects $18.8 million decrease from FY 2012) the Western Hemisphere Transit Zone; $5.8
Intelligence programs collect, process, million is for technology; $5.1 million is for
analyze, and disseminate information support and analysis; and $48.0 million is
required for counternarcotics operations. for command and control support, including
Technology programs increase DoD's operations of Joint Interagency Task Force‐
capabilities to target the nexus among South (JIATF‐S) and Joint Interagency Task
narcotics traffickers, terrorists, and Force‐West (JIATF‐W).
insurgents activity. A total of $73.9 million
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 43
FY 2013 Changes (‐$43.2 million): The Mexico, Central America, Colombia, and
decrease is primarily the result of lower Peru – are reduced sharply in a manner
funding in support for building capacity sustained by partner nations.
efforts within the Geographic Strategic Goal 3 ‐ The size, scope, and
Combatant Commands’ Areas of influence of targeted Transnational
Responsibility. The request does Criminal Organizations and trafficking
includes a $12.6 million increase over FY networks are mitigated such that these
2012 in OCO funding to support groups pose only limited, isolated
continued counternarcotics interdiction threats to U.S. national security and
efforts in Afghanistan and Central Asia, international security. The United States
along with further counternarcotics law and partner nations have developed
enforcement capacity building. layered, coordinated approaches that
regularly disrupt the operations of these
PERFORMANCE organizations and networks, limit their
This section on the FY 2011 performance of access to funding, reduce their assets,
the DoD counternarcotics program is based and raise their costs of doing business.
on agency Government Performance and
Results Act (GPRA) documents and other These strategic goals are intrinsically linked
agency information. It includes selected to the National Drug Control Strategy’s
performance measures, targets, and Strengthen International Partnerships
achievements for the latest year in which principles, and through these goals, DoD
data were available. In FY 2011, DoD successfully implemented its transition plan
refocused its counternarcotics activities to improve the quality and usefulness of its
around three strategic goals: counternarcotics performance
measurement system. The system enables
Strategic Goal 1 ‐ To disrupt and, to the DoD to logically assess its contribution to
degree possible disable, not only the achieving the National Drug Control
nexus of actors and activities but also Strategy.
the individual activities of trafficking,
insurgency, corruption, threat finance, DoD continued to provide significant
terrorism and distribution of precursor support to U.S. and partner nation drug law
chemicals in Afghanistan/Pakistan such enforcement agencies in the areas of
that material support for the insurgency training, communications support,
and terrorists is significantly reduced, infrastructure, intelligence, transportation,
the Afghan National Police and other equipment, command and control, and
law enforcement agencies are detection and monitoring. Additionally, the
strengthened, and the governments of Department is committed to keeping drug
Afghanistan and Pakistan are reinforced. use low among its active duty and civilian
Strategic Goal 2 ‐ Illicit drug and drug personnel. Selected examples of
precursor trafficking and related performance measures used to monitor and
transnational organized criminal threats evaluate DoD counternarcotics activities are
to U.S. national security interests in the provided in the following table.
Western Hemisphere – particularly in
44 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Department of Defense
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
Demand Reduction
» Active duty military personnel testing positive for drug under 2% 0.94%
use
» DoD civilian personnel testing positive for drug use under 1% 0.28%
Strategic Goal 1
» Counter Narcotics Task Force (CNTF) Capability Milestone CM‐2 CM‐3
Rating**
»
Strategic Goal 2
» Support interagency operations to disrupt 40% of the 32% 26%
cocaine flow by 2015
Strategic Goal 3
» Total value in U.S. dollars of black market goods seized * $16,000,000
(Western Hemisphere)***
Counternarcotics OPTEMPO (Western Hemisphere)
» Air platforms: Number of flight hours * 46,404
» Sea platforms: Number of ship steaming days * 859
* Targets not established.
** The primary method for metrics utilized by the CNTF programs is the Capability Milestones (CM) Rating
System. This system was developed and is utilized by the NATO Training Mission – Afghanistan (NTM‐A) and is a
critical part of the Afghanistan Ministry of Interior Development Plan (MDP). The CM Rating System is applied to
all Ministry components utilizing a numeric rating (1 through 4) to determine level of capability. A significant
portion of the ratings are subjective and qualitative, depending on the subjective nature of the assessed rating
area. Quantitative data is also applied as much as possible to support the rating. The generic definition of the
rating system is outlined below:
CM‐1 (85% to 100% Capability) – ability to accomplish mission or task autonomous or with minimal coalition
oversight
CM‐2 (70% to 84% Capability) – ability to accomplish mission or task with some coalition assistance
CM‐3 (50% to 69% Capability) – ability to accomplish mission or task with significant coalition assistance
CM‐4 (49% or less Capability) – cannot accomplish mission or task
*** Seizures of goods associated with transnational trade‐based money laundering of drug trafficking proceeds
Discussion program, the DoD random testing rate for
Demand Reduction: DoD is on track to keep civilians in testing designated positions will
the illicit drug positive rate below two be 100 percent over a 2‐year period, or 50
percent. Defense policy is to ensure 100 percent of the workforce per year.
percent random urine drug testing for all
active, reserve, and National Guard. Given Strategic Goal 1: The objective of the CNTF
the success of Defense civilian drug testing programs is to create and transition to the
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 45
Government of the Islamic Republic of partners to deny Transnational Criminal
Afghanistan accountable, effective, and Organizations the use of their territory, air
self‐reliant Afghan counternarcotics space, and surrounding sea lines of
security forces capable of containing the communication. In Central America, DoD
illicit drugs trade, including by provided 72 tactical border vehicles and 9
strengthening U.S. and foreign law maritime interdiction boats to Partner
enforcement support capabilities (through Nations and expanded surveillance in
the provision of training, equipment, maritime high trafficking areas. In Mexico,
infrastructure, intelligence support, and DoD provided training in human rights, rule
command, control, communications, of law, and ethics/values and shared
computers, and intelligence systems) to information with Mexican authorities. The
sustain counternarcotics efforts as U.S. effect of information sharing was strong,
military forces draw down. The CNTF with between 51 percent – 75 percent of
program has contributed to 582 metric tons success in counternarcotics operations
of drug seizures and revenue from border being attributable to information sharing.
law enforcement in the amount of $18 DoD encountered significant challenges
million dollars. Training was an issue for with sustainment and maintenance of
Afghan counternarcotics security forces and equipment provided to Partner Nations,
led to increased reliance on coalition which limited operational readiness rates to
assistance. DoD has increased its focus on below 85 percent.
train‐the‐trainer programs and ensuring all
training program graduates meet required Strategic Goal 3: DoD counternarcotics
training criteria. DoD also is committed to activities supports DoD’s work with other
capacity building projects to increase the government agencies and Departments to
habitability of facilities used by Afghan build the capacity of Asian partners (with a
counternarcotics security forces. focus on the Philippines, Indonesia,
Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia) to
Strategic Goal 2: DoD supports U.S. disrupt and degrade the nexus among
Government efforts to reduce the quantity Transnational Criminal Organizations, illicit
of illicit drugs entering the United States drug trafficking, foreign terrorist
from Mexico and Central and South organizations, and militant movements.
America. DoD contributes to the National Efforts also include working with U.S.
Drug Control Strategy goal of interdicting 40 interagency and foreign partners to develop
percent of the cocaine moving through the policies and procedures to discourage
Western Hemisphere transit zone by 2015. piracy and to build the counter piracy
Defense counternarcotics activities support capacity of partner nations (with a
the establishment of a whole‐of‐ particular focus on Kenya; the Seychelles;
government concept of operations, the Strait of Malacca and Singapore; and
synchronized with transit zone interdiction the Tri‐Border region of the Philippines,
efforts, for interdicting bulk cash and illicit Malaysia, and Indonesia). Defense
weapons exiting the United States to counternarcotics activities in the Europe
Mexico. DoD continues to work with other Region focus on work with other
government agencies and Departments to government agencies and Departments and
build the capacity of Western Hemisphere local counternarcotics and law enforcement
46 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
agencies to engage with and build the
capacity of European partners (with a
particular focus on Turkey, Bulgaria, the
Balkans, and other Mediterranean
countries) to secure their borders, deny the
use of air, land, and coastal waters for illicit
drug trafficking and transnational criminal
activities, and prevent illicit drugs from
entering and ill‐gotten proceeds from
exiting these countries. In the Pacific, DoD
provided law enforcement training to 1,177
students and delivered 10 facilities for use
in border control, law enforcement, and
information sharing. Information sharing
enabled DoD to provide intelligence cueing
that resulted in the seizure of 623 metrics
tons of illicit chemicals used in the
production of amphetamine type
substances. In Africa, DoD executed 105
capacity building events that increased
Partner Nation capabilities in border
control, interdiction, law enforcement,
information sharing, and operations. In
Europe, DoD provided border management
and law enforcement training to 157
students, delivered 2 base of operations
facilities, and installed 3 information
sharing systems.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 47
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Office of Safe and Drug‐Free Schools
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Prevention $123.888 $64.877 $108.250
Total Drug Resources by Function $123.888 $64.877 $108.250
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Safe and Drug‐Free Schools and Communities $123.888 $64.877 $0.000
Alcohol Abuse Reduction (non‐add) 6.907 0.000 0.000
Safe and Supportive Schools (non‐add) 47.751 47.543 0.000
Safe Schools/Healthy Students (non‐add) 63.487 17.334 0.000
Other Activities and Set‐asides (non‐ add) 3.868 0.000 0.000
Successful, Safe and Healthy Students 0.000 0.000 108.250
Safe and Supportive Schools (non‐add) 0.000 0.000 48.610
Safe Schools/Healthy Students (non‐add) 0.000 0.000 17.000
State and Local Grants (non‐add) 0.000 0.000 37.327
Other Activities and Set‐asides (non‐ add) 0.000 0.000 5.313
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $123.888 $64.877 $108.250
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 0 0 0
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $45.3 $45.3 $47.0
Drug Resources Percentage 0.3% 0.1% 0.2%
The total agency budget reflects discretionary funds only, excluding Pell Grants. FY 2012 continuation costs of
approximately $86.8 million for Safe and Supportive Schools, and $27.2 million for Alcohol Abuse Reduction would
be provided from the appropriation for the Successful, Safe, and Healthy Students program.
Program Summary
MISSION children; career, technical, and adult
The Department of Education administers education; and higher education. In
programs to help ensure that all students addition, Education carries out research,
can meet challenging standards and to data collection, and civil rights enforcement
improve elementary and secondary activities.
education; special education and early
intervention programs for children with METHODLOGY
disabilities; English language acquisition for The programs funded under the Safe and
limited English proficient and immigrant Drug‐Free School and Communities (SDFSC)
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 51
Act and the proposed Successful, Safe, and components of the request that have no
Healthy Students program comprise the clear drug control nexus (School Emergency
only Education operations included in the Preparedness initiatives, and continuation
drug control budget. The SDFSC program costs that would be subsumed under the
includes grants and discretionary activities proposed Successful, Safe, and Healthy
to foster a safe, secure, and drug‐free Students program for projects originally
learning environment, facilitate emergency funded under the Physical Education
management and preparedness, and program and the Elementary and Secondary
prevent student drug use and violence at all School Counseling program.)
educational levels. The Successful, Safe,
and Healthy Students program would BUDGET SUMMARY
consolidate several existing, sometimes The Department of Education request of
narrowly targeted, programs (including safe $108.3 million for FY 2013 reflects a $43.4
and drug‐free schools, access to counseling million increase from the FY 2012 level of
and mental health services, and fostering a $64.9 million.
physically fit and healthy lifestyle) to help
schools provide the programs and activities
Successful, Safe, and Healthy
(including those that foster a healthy drug
free learning environment) that support Students Program
Total FY 2013 Request: $108.3 million
students success. The SDFSC program (Reflects $43.4 million increase over FY 2011)
supports (and the Successful, Safe, and This new program will support student
Healthy Students program once enacted achievement and help ensure students are
and funded would support) the prevention mentally and physically healthy and ready
mission of the National Drug Control to learn. The objective is to create an
Strategy. improved school climate that reduces drug
use, violence, and harassment and
The Department’s budget for drug control improves school safety and students’
programs includes all funding under SDFSC physical and mental well‐being. Within the
National Programs in FY 2011 and FY 2012, program, the Department would use $85.9
with the exception of the following million to award grants to assist state
activities that have no clear drug control educational agencies and local educational
nexus: Project SERV (School Emergency agencies (LEAs) to develop and implement
Response to Violence), a crisis response programs and activities that create safe
program that provides education‐related environments. Included in this amount is
services to local educational agencies in $37.3 million for Successful, Safe, and
which the learning environment has been Healthy Students State and Local Grants,
disrupted due to a violent or traumatic and $48.6 million for grants for Safe and
crisis; and School Emergency Preparedness Supportive Schools projects to support
initiatives. statewide measurement of, and targeted
programmatic interventions to improve,
For FY 2013, Education’s budget request for conditions for learning in order to help
drug control programs includes all funding schools improve student safety and reduce
for Successful, Safe, and Healthy Students, drug abuse.
except for amounts corresponding to the
52 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
$17 million would provide grant awards
under the “Safe Schools/Healthy Students”
initiative. Safe Schools/Healthy Students
supports LEAs and communities in
developing and implementing a
comprehensive set of programs and
services to prevent youth drug use and
violence, support early childhood
development activities, and provide needed
student mental health services. Education
blends this initiative with the Department
of Health and Human Services (HHS) Youth
Violence Prevention Program and
administers it in collaboration with both
HHS and the Department of Justice.
FY 2013 Changes (+$43.4 million): The
FY 2013 President’s Budget provides
funding to support the additional
Successful, Safe, and Healthy Students
National Activities described above, as
well as cover continuation costs of
grants originally funded under SDFSC
National Programs, including Safe and
Supportive Schools grants, which the
Administration created in 2010 to
support statewide measurement of, and
targeted programmatic interventions to
improve, conditions for learning in order
to help schools improve safety and
reduce drug use.
PERFORMANCE
This section on the FY 2011 performance of
the SDFSC program is based largely on
agency GPRA documents and other agency
information. The table includes
performance measures, targets, and
achievements for the latest year for which
data are available.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 53
Department of Education
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
Alcohol Abuse Reduction
2008 cohort – Percentage of Alcohol Abuse Reduction grantees whose 70% *
target students show a measurable decrease in binge drinking
2009 cohort – Percentage of Alcohol Abuse Reduction grantees whose 65% 67%
target students show a measurable decrease in binge drinking
2010 cohort – Percentage of Alcohol Abuse Reduction grantees whose ** *
target students show a measurable decrease in binge drinking
2008 cohort – Percentage of Alcohol Abuse Reduction grantees showing 65% *
measurable increase in the percentage of target students who believe
alcohol abuse is harmful to their health
2009 cohort – Percentage of Alcohol Abuse Reduction grantees showing 100% 67%
measurable increase in the percentage of target students who believe
alcohol abuse is harmful to their health
2010 cohort – Percentage of Alcohol Abuse Reduction grantees showing ** *
measurable increase in the percentage of target students who believe
alcohol abuse is harmful to their health
2008 cohort – Percentage of Alcohol Abuse Reduction grantees that 65% *
show measurable increase in the percentage of target students who
disapprove of alcohol abuse
2009 cohort – Percentage of Alcohol Abuse Reduction grantees that 100% 67%
show measurable increase in the percentage of target students who
disapprove of alcohol abuse
2010 cohort – Percentage of Alcohol Abuse Reduction grantees that ** *
show measurable increase in the percentage of target students who
disapprove of alcohol abuse
Safe Schools/Healthy Students
2007 cohort – Percentage of Safe Schools/Healthy Students grant sites 59.9% 51.9%
that report a decrease in the percentage of their students who report
current (30‐day) marijuana use
2008 cohort – Percentage of Safe Schools/Healthy Students grant sites 52.5% 58.3%
that report a decrease in the percentage of their students who report
current (30‐day) marijuana use
2009 cohort – Percentage of Safe Schools/Healthy Students grant sites 50% 55.2%
that report a decrease in the percentage of their students who report
current (30‐day) marijuana use
2007 cohort – Percentage of Safe Schools/Healthy Students grant sites 79.5% 70.4%
that report a decrease in the percentage of their students who report
current (30‐day) alcohol use
2008 cohort – Percentage of Safe Schools/Healthy Students grant sites 61.8% 75%*
that report a decrease in the percentage of their students who report
current (30‐day) alcohol use
2009 cohort – Percentage of Safe Schools/Healthy Students grant sites 50% 58.6%
that report a decrease in the percentage of their students who report
current (30‐day) alcohol use
54 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Department of Education
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
Student Drug Testing
2008 cohort – Percentage of Student Drug Testing grantees experiencing 70% *
5% annual reduction in past‐month drug use by students in target
population served by grants
2008 cohort – Percentage of Student Drug Testing grantees experiencing 65% *
5% annual reduction in past‐year drug use by students in target
population served by grants
Safe and Supportive Schools
2010 cohort – Percentage of eligible schools implementing ** ***
programmatic interventions funded by Safe and Supportive Schools that
experience a decrease in the percentage of students who report current
(30‐day) alcohol use
2010 cohort – Percentage of eligible schools implementing ** ***
programmatic interventions funded by Safe and Supportive Schools that
experience an increase in the percentage of students who report current
(30‐day) alcohol use
2010 cohort – Percentage of eligible schools implementing ** ***
programmatic interventions funded by Safe and Supportive Schools that
experience an improvement in their school safety score
2010 cohort – Percentage of eligible schools implementing ** ***
programmatic interventions funded by Safe and Supportive Schools that
experience a worsening in their school safety score
* 2011 data expected in 2012
** Target not established since 2 years of performance data are needed to establish the baseline for this cohort
*** 2011 achievement not applicable because 2 years of performance data are needed to establish the baseline for this cohort
Discussion use (marijuana) as two of the initiative’s
The Department has identified outcome GPRA measures.
measures and targets for the SDFSC
National Programs grant competitions; FY The most recent FY 2011 GPRA data
2011 grantee data have not yet been available indicate improvement between
compiled for all of the measures. Data are 2010 and 2011 on all six of the above GPRA
based primarily on analyses of grantee measures. For example, 51.9, 58.3, and
performance reports. 55.2 percent, respectively, of the 2007,
2008, and 2009 grant cohorts reported a
The Safe Schools/Healthy Students decrease in the percentage of students
initiative provides support to LEAs for reporting current (30 day) marijuana use–
implementation of a comprehensive plan to compared to only 37.5, 43.6, and zero
create safe, disciplined, and drug‐free percent, respectively, in 2010. Similarly,
environments that provide needed mental 70.4 percent, 75 percent, and 58.6 percent,
health services and support healthy respectively, of the 2007, 2008, and 2009
development. Grantees collect and report grant cohorts reported a decrease in the
data on rates of student alcohol and drug percentage of their students who report
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 55
current alcohol use–compared to only 66.7, Final (2011) data for the 2008 cohort are
60, and zero percent in 2010. expected later in 2012.
The first evaluation of this program focused The Grants to Reduce Alcohol Abuse
on the fiscal year 1999, 2000, and 2001 program, which was last funded in 2011,
cohorts supported under the initiative, a provided funds to LEAs to support the
total of 97 sites. Data from this evaluation implementation of evidence‐based
identified statistically significant strategies designed to reduce the use and
improvements in student outcomes related abuse of alcohol by secondary school
to alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use. For students. Results for several cohorts of
example, student self‐report data for high grantees reflect some successes in meeting
school students reflected decreases in 30‐ the targets for measurable decreases in
day alcohol and tobacco use and cigarette student binge drinking, percentage of
sales on school property; those data also students who believe that alcohol abuse is
reflected increases in perceived disapproval harmful to their health, and percentage of
of peer substance use. Initial data from a students who disapprove of alcohol abuse.
second evaluation, of 175 sites in the fiscal For example, the 2007 cohort achievement
year 2005–2009 cohorts, also demonstrate (83 percent of grantees reporting that their
positive findings, including reduced alcohol target students showed a measurable
and other drug use by students. decrease in binge drinking in 2010)
exceeded its target of 49.4 percent.
The School‐Based Student Drug Testing Likewise, 88.9 percent of 2007 cohort
program provided grants to LEAs and other grantees reported a measureable increase
entities to support development, in the percentage of students who
implementation, or expansion of school‐ disapproved of alcohol abuse in 2010
based student drug testing programs. (exceeding the 49.4 percent target); and
Congress last appropriated funds for new 88.9 percent of 2007 cohort grantees
awards in FY 2008. The drug testing funded reported a measurable increase in the
by these grants was required to be part of a percentage of target students who believe
comprehensive drug prevention program in that alcohol abuse is harmful to their health
the schools served by the grant and provide (exceeding the target of 80.3 percent). As
for the referral to treatment or counseling indicated in the note to the table above
of students identified as drug users. The 2011 data on these measures for the 2008
projects supported were also required to be and 2010 cohorts are expected later in
consistent with Supreme Court decisions 2012.
regarding student drug testing.
The Grants to Prevent High‐Risk Drinking
There was wide variation in performance among College Students competition,
across grant cohorts on the GPRA measures which was last funded in 2010, provided
in FY 2010 (the most recent year for which funds to institutions of higher education
data are available), possibly due in part to (IHEs) and other eligible entities to prevent
diverse factors including cohort size and alcohol abuse and violent behavior by
how far along (in terms of years) the college students. Grantees from the FY
projects were in their implementation. 2007 cohort have completed their projects
56 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
and reported baseline and project‐end
data: 73 percent of these grantees
reported at least a 5 percent decrease in
high‐risk drinking by students served.
The Grants for Coalitions to Prevent and
Reduce Alcohol Abuse at Institutions of
Higher Education competition provided
funds in 2009 and 2010 to IHEs, state
agencies, and nonprofit entities to develop,
expand, or enhance statewide coalitions to
prevent and reduce alcohol abuse by
targeting under‐age students at IHEs, both
on campuses and in surrounding
communities. Baseline data for the 2009
cohort will be available in 2012 on the
following performance measures: (1) the
percentage of grantees that demonstrate a
reduction in 30‐day alcohol use among
under‐age students at participating IHEs;
and (2) the percentage of grantees that
demonstrate a reduction in 30‐day binge
drinking among under‐age students at
participating IHEs.
In 2010 the Department awarded the first
round of Safe and Supportive Schools
grants to state educational agencies for
targeted interventions to help schools
improve safety and reduce substance
abuse. Baseline data will be available by
2013 on performance measures for the
2010 cohort of these grants–these
measures focus on the percentage of
participating schools that experience (i) a
decrease/increase in the percentage of
students reporting current (30‐day) alcohol
use, (ii) an improvement/worsening in their
school safety score. The school safety score
is an index of school safety that may include
the presence and use of illegal drugs
(including alcohol and marijuana).
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 57
FEDERAL JUDICIARY
FEDERAL JUDICIARY
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Corrections $499.741 $501.996 $515.223
Prosecution 430.528 433.970 446.690
Research and Development 5.259 5.166 5.340
Treatment 191.356 192.213 197.278
Total Drug Resources by Function $1,126.884 $1,133.345 $1,164.531
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts $0.912 $0.912 $0.936
Court Security 23.334 25.000 25.734
Federal Judicial Center 2.183 2.160 2.217
Fees of Jurors and Commissioners 14.032 13.926 14.593
Defender Services 174.368 175.270 180.798
Salaries and Expenses 907.016 911.127 935.133
U.S. Sentencing Commission 5.041 4.950 5.118
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $1,126.884 $1,133.345 $1,164.531
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $6.681 $6.729 $6.917
Drug Resources Percentage 16.9% 16.8% 16.8%
Program Summary
MISSION Probation and pretrial services officers have
The Federal Judiciary provides fair and primary responsibility for enforcing
impartial justice within the jurisdiction as conditions of release imposed by the courts
conferred by the Constitution and Congress. and for monitoring the behavior of persons
placed under their supervision. With the
In support of the National Drug Control oversight of the Administrative Office of the
Strategy, the Judiciary’s drug‐related United States Courts, officers administer a
resources represent an estimate of the program of substance abuse testing and
Judiciary’s resources associated with the treatment for persons on pretrial release,
adjudication of Federal laws, the probation, supervised release after
representation for indigent individuals incarceration, and parole. The goal is to
accused under these laws, and the improve compliance with terms of
supervision of offenders and defendants. supervision such as substance use and
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 61
address violations before relapse leads to Drug‐related workload is identified by the
recidivism. types of cases being heard as well as the
offenses of the individuals needing counsel
METHODOLOGY or under supervision. Funding is used by
The drug portion of the Judiciary’s budget is the probation and pretrial services offices
estimated by applying the percentage of for drug testing and treatment of Federal
drug‐related activity in each appropriation defendants and offenders.
to the current appropriation or requested
funding. The percentages are developed by BUDGET SUMMARY
analyzing the workload of each component For FY 2013, the drug control budget
of the Judiciary’s budget, estimating the request totals $1,164.5 million, an increase
amount that is attributed to drug‐related of $31.2 million over the FY 2012 enacted
crime, prosecution, treatment, or level.
corrections, and then rounded to the
nearest five percent before application. Salaries and Expenses
The percentages are updated each Total FY 2013 Request: $935.1 million
September to reflect the most recent drug (Reflects $24.0 million increase over FY 2012
workload information available. enacted level)
The Salaries and Expenses request includes
The Federal Judiciary is organized salaries, benefits, and other operating
geographically into twelve Judicial Circuits expenses of judges and support personnel
and ninety‐four Districts, each with for the United States courts of appeals,
supporting offices, such as the Office of the district courts, bankruptcy courts, and
Clerk of the Court, Probation and Pretrial probation and pretrial services officers and
Services Offices and Bankruptcy Courts. staff.
The courts receive administrative support
from the Administrative Office of the U. S. FY 2013 Changes (+$24.0 million): The
Courts and research and training services FY 2013 increase reflects pay and
from the Federal Judicial Center and the inflationary adjustments that will allow
United States Sentencing Commission. In the courts to maintain current services.
addition to personnel and court operating
expenses, Judiciary costs include payments Defender Services
to jurors, payments to defense attorneys Total FY 2013 Request: $180.8 million
(Reflects $5.5 million increase over FY 2012 enacted
for indigent defendants, court reporting level)
and interpreting, and court facility security. The Defender Services program provides
The resources also support drug cases, effective representation for any person
trials, defendants, and their associated financially unable to obtain adequate
costs. The Judiciary also provides for court representation in Federal criminal and
ordered drug testing, drug treatment, and certain related proceedings.
supervision of Federal defendants,
probationers, parolees and supervised FY 2013 Changes (+$5.5 million): The
releasees. FY 2013 budget reflects pay and
inflationary adjustments that will allow
62 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
the Judiciary to meet its constitutional Federal Judicial Center
obligation to provide defense counsel to Total FY 2013 Request: $2.2 million
all eligible persons. (Reflects $0.1 million increase over FY 2012 enacted
level)
The Federal Judicial Center provides
Fees of Jurors and Commissioners
Total FY 2013 Request: $14.6 million
education and training for judges, probation
(Reflects $0.7 million increase over FY 2012 enacted and pretrial services officers, and other
level) Federal court personnel, and performs
The FY 2013 request includes funding for independent research to improve the
jurors sitting on drug cases. administration of justice in the Federal
courts.
FY 2013 Changes (+$0.7 million): The
increase reflects inflationary FY 2013 Changes (+$0.1 million): The
adjustments to base. increase reflects inflationary
adjustments to base.
Court Security
Total FY 2013 Request: $25.7 million United States Sentencing
(Reflects $0.7 million increase over FY 2012 enacted
level)
Commission
Total FY 2013 Request: $5.1 million
This program provides security for judicial (Reflects $0.2 million increase from FY 2012
areas at courthouses and in Federal enacted level)
facilities housing court operations. The U.S. The U.S. Sentencing Commission covers
Marshals Service acts as the Judiciary’s costs related to the establishment, review,
agent in contracting for security and guard and revision of sentencing guidelines,
services and the purchase, installation, and policies, and Federal sentencing practices
maintenance of security systems and for the criminal justice system.
equipment for all court locations.
FY 2013 Changes (+$0.2 million): The
FY 2013 Changes (+$0.7 million): The increase reflects inflationary
increase reflects inflationary adjustments to base.
adjustments to base.
PERFORMANCE
Administrative Office of the United Information regarding the activities of the
States Courts Federal Judiciary is drawn from data
Total FY 2013 Request: $0.9 million collected by the Administrative Office of the
(Reflects no change from FY 2012 enacted level) United States Courts. The information
The Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts presented here is based on data for the
provides professional support, analysis, fiscal year ending September 30, 2010. Of
program management, and oversight for note, while data are available regarding
the Federal Judiciary. drug related defendants, cases, filings, and
other court activities, performance
measures, targets, and actual are not
included. The work of the Federal Judiciary
is guided by a Strategic Plan developed by
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 63
the Judicial Conference; however, this
branch of the Federal government is not
covered by the requirements of the
Government Performance and Results
Modernization Act of 2010.
Cases involving drug offenses decreased 5
percent to 15,785, and defendants in those
cases declined 2 percent to 29,410.
Marijuana cases dropped 10 percent to
4,891, and defendants in those cases fell 3
percent to 7,368, with the biggest
reductions reported for import/export
offenses (cases decreased 51 percent to
793, and defendants dropped 47 percent to
970). Filings related to possession of
marijuana increased, however, with cases
climbing 26 percent to 1,248 and
defendants rising 28 percent to 1,305.
Cases involving non‐marijuana offenses
declined 3 percent to 10,817, and
defendants in those cases fell 2 percent to
21,918. Twenty percent of all criminal cases
filed this year were related to drug
offenses, compared to 22 percent in 2009.
Of the persons under post‐conviction
supervision at the end of the fiscal year,
more than 47 percent had been convicted
of drug offenses, 1 percent more than in
2009 and 3 percent more than in 2006. The
proportion of pretrial services cases opened
in which the major offense charged
involved drugs fell 2 percentage points to
27 percent.
64 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Administration for Children and Families
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
State, Local, and Tribal Assistance $20.000 $20.000 $20.000
Total Drug Resources by Function $20.000 $20.000 $20.000
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Promoting Safe and Stable Families – Regional Partnership
$20.000 $20.000 $20.000
Grants
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $20.000 $20.000 $20.000
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 0 2 2
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $50.9 $50.1 $50.3
Drug Resources Percentage 0.04% 0.04 % 0.04 %
Program Summary
MISSION
The Administration for Children and planned, reformed, and integrated to
Families (ACF), within the Department of improve needed access; and a strong
Health and Human Services (HHS), is commitment to working with vulnerable
responsible for Federal programs that populations including people with
promote the economic and social well‐ developmental disabilities, refugees, and
being of families, children, individuals, and migrants to address their needs, strengths,
communities. ACF programs aim to achieve and abilities.
families and individuals empowered to
increase their own economic independence METHODOLOGY
and productivity; strong, healthy, The Targeted Grants To Increase the Well‐
supportive communities that have a Being of, and To Improve the Permanency
positive impact on the quality of life and the Outcomes for, Children Affected by
development of children; partnerships with Methamphetamine or Other Substance
front‐line service providers, states, Abuse within the Promoting Safe and Stable
localities, and tribal communities to identify Families was established in The Child and
and implement solutions that transcend Family Services Improvement and
traditional program boundaries; services Innovation Act of 2011 (P.L. 112‐34). In
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 67
2012, these grants were renamed Targeted
Grants To Increase the Well‐Being of, and
To Improve the Permanency Outcomes for,
Children Affected by Substance Abuse and
reauthorized them through FY 2016.
Grants funded under this program support
regional partnerships in establishing or
enhancing a collaborative infrastructure to
build the region's capacity to meet a broad
range of needs for families involved with
substance abuse and the child welfare
system. 100 percent of these grants are
scored as drug‐control.
BUDGET SUMMARY
In FY 2013, ACF requests $20.0 million,
which reflects no change from the FY 2012
enacted level.
Regional Partnership Grants
FY 2013: $20.0 million
(Reflects no change from FY 2012)
In FY 2013, this program will continue to
provide services and activities that are
designed to increase the well‐being of,
improve permanency outcomes for, and
enhance the safety of children who are in
an out‐of‐home placement or are at risk of
being placed in an out‐of‐home placement
as a result of a parent’s or caretaker’s
substance abuse.
PERFORMANCE
ONDCP will be working with HHS and ACF to
develop appropriate performance
measurements that reflect the agency’s
contribution to the National Drug Control
Strategy.
68 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
RESOURCE SUMMARY
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Estimate Estimate Estimate
Drug Resources by Function
Treatment $4,643.800 $4,467.400 $4,751.100
Total Drug Resources by Function $4,643.800 $4,467.400 $4,751.100
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Grants to States for Medicaid $3,753.800 $3,557.400 $3,791.100
Medicare $890.000 910.000 960.000
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $4,643.800 $4,467.400 $4,751.100
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) ‐ ‐ ‐
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $875.3 $842.8 $898.8
Drug Resources Percentage 0.5% 0.5% 0.5%
Source: Medicaid estimates developed by ONDCP based on the report: SAMHSA Spending Estimates: MHSA Spending
Projections for 2004–2014, a SAMHSA‐funded report. Medicare estimates developed by CMS’ Office of the Actuary.
treatment care benefit payments to eligible
Program Summary beneficiaries.
MISSION
Medicaid is a means‐tested health care
The Department of Health and Human
insurance program run by States with costs
Services’ (HHS) Centers for Medicare &
shared by both States and the Federal
Medicaid Services’ (CMS) envisions itself as
government. States have considerable
a major force and trustworthy partner for
flexibility in structuring their Medicaid
the continual improvement of health and
programs. Medicare is a federally run
healthcare for all Americans. Through its
health insurance program for elderly and
coverage of drug treatment services
disabled persons. Both Medicaid and
included within Medicare and Medicaid
Medicare provide coverage (payment) for
benefit payments, CMS helps support the
substance abuse (alcohol and drug)
goals of the President’s National Drug
treatment. Each has been designated as a
Control Strategy by continuing to meet the
challenges of providing drug abuse
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 69
National Drug Control Agency program for The American Reinvestment and Recovery
the Federal share of these treatment costs. Act of 2009 (H.R. 1) provided additional
Federal Medicaid funding for states for
METHODOLOGY expenditures between October 1, 2008, and
CMS designation as a National Drug Control December 31, 2010. The increased Federal
Program Agency was revised in 2012 for the matching rate (FMAP) provided in the
Federal share of all substance abuse Recovery Act was extended by the
treatment payments under the Medicaid Education, Jobs and Medicaid Assistance
and Medicare programs. The Department Act (P.L. 111‐226) through June 30, 2011.
of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) The FY 2011 estimates use the average
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Federal share of Medicaid spending, which
(CMS) outlay estimates include substance includes the impact of the temporarily
abuse treatment expenditures for both increased match rates. Actual state FMAP
Medicare and Medicaid. rates may vary. OACT did not develop nor
approve the Medicaid estimates. OACT
Medicaid indicates Medicaid estimates are not
While CMS's Office of the Actuary (OACT) consistent with the FY 2013 President's
developed the Medicare estimates, Budget Medicaid baseline projections, and
Medicaid estimates were developed as a do not incorporate all of the actual and
placeholder by ONDCP, based on data in the expected impact of recent legislation, or
2008 Report from HHS entitled 'SAMHSA recent economic and policy changes to the
spending estimates: MHSA spending programs. These estimates are for use
projections for 2004‐2014'. The report is while HHS develops a more precise
the fifth edition in a continuing series that estimate. To refine these estimates,
presents the Federal, State, and Local ONDCP and HHS are co‐sponsoring research
expenditures for treating substance abuse. to further better the methodology for
The report was prepared for SAMHSA under determining the Federal share of Medicaid.
the SAMHSA Spending Estimates (SSE)
project. The SSE has been active since 1996 Medicare
providing estimates of national spending for The Medicare projections reflect estimated
mental health services and substance abuse Part A and Part B spending and are based
treatment. The estimates in the report are on an analysis of historical fee‐for‐service
designed to parallel “all‐health spending claims through 2010, using the primary
estimates” released by the CMS. The diagnosis code included on the claims. An
reported projections are intended to adjustment was made to reflect spending
provide a picture of future Medicaid for beneficiaries who are enrolled in
spending for substance abuse treatment. Medicare Advantage plans, since their
actual claims are not available. It was
The Children’s Health Insurance Program assumed that the proportion of costs
(CHIP) program is included in Medicaid related to substance abuse treatment was
when the state chooses to run CHIP through similar for beneficiaries enrolled in
Medicaid. This amount is not disaggregated Medicare Advantage plans as for those
from the Medicaid amount. enrolled in fee‐for‐service Medicare.
70 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
These estimates do not include spending Medicare
under Part D of Medicare because there is Total FY 2013 Estimate: $960.0 million
no diagnosis code associated with (Reflects $50.0 million increase from FY 2012)
prescription drug claims, and drugs used to Medicare provides health insurance
treat substance abuse are also used to treat coverage to eligible aged and disabled
other conditions. persons. Medicare‐funded substance abuse
treatment is an entitlement for eligible
participants. Coverage and costs are
BUDGET SUMMARY
increasing with the growing demand for
The FY 2013 total drug control request for
treatment. It is noted that spending on
CMS is $4,751.1 million, an increase of
substance abuse treatment services under
$283.7 million over the FY 2012 enacted
the Part D prescription drug benefit is not
level.
included in the estimates of Medicare
spending; however there is a cost for
Grants to States for Medicaid
Total FY 2013 Estimate: $3,791.1 million
medications and drug therapy used in
(Reflects $233.7 million increase from FY 2012) treating substance abuse. The costs will be
The Nation’s substance abuse treatment considered for possible inclusion in future
providers treat 3.9 million clients annually. Medicare estimates.
Substance abuse treatment most often is
paid for by two or more public and private FY 2013 Changes (+$50.0 million): This
sources (including private health insurance, change from the prior year is largely the
Medicaid, Medicare, state and local funds, result of estimated increased utilization
and other Federal support). The Federal of Medicare to treat substance abuse
government makes its largest contribution disorders.
to the payment for treatment through the
Medicaid and Medicare programs. These PERFORMANCE
programs are increasing in size and scope, The Office of the Assistant Secretary for
with the expansion of populations and Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) within HHS
services covered. and ONDCP have undertaken a project to
develop a methodology to produce
FY 2013 Changes (+$233.7 million): This estimates of Medicaid expenditures for
change from the prior year is largely the substance abuse treatment services and
result of estimated increased utilization apply the methodology to produce recent
of Medicaid to treat substance abuse historical and projected Medicaid
disorders. The entirety of the Medicaid expenditure estimates. This work will also
estimate is based on Federal advance the development appropriate
reimbursement to states based on use performance measures or indicators to
of Medicaid reimbursable services in address resources (inputs), the direct
state Medicaid plans. The amounts products or services delivered by the
reported are estimates of used services program (outputs), and the results of those
based on historical reimbursements and products and services (outcomes) that
expenditure growth assumptions. reflect the agency’s contribution to the
National Drug Control Strategy
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 71
.
72 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Health Resources and Services Administration
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Treatment $16.900 $18.100 $18.300
Total Drug Resources by Function $16.900 $18.100 $18.300
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Bureau of Primary Health Care $16.900 $18.100 $18.300
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $16.900 $18.100 $18.300
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 191 191 211
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $9.7 $8.2 $8.4
Drug Resources Percentage 0.2% 0.2% 0.2%
Source: Estimates based on 2010 HRSA Health Centers information reported in the Uniform Data System (UDS) on
their patient services, revenues and expenditures.
Program Summary
MISSION treatment for all age groups. Health
The Health Resources and Services Centers that receive grant funding
Administration (HRSA) is the principal specifically targeted to the provision of
Federal agency charged with increasing primary health care to homeless
access to basic health care for those who populations are required to provide
are underserved. For more than 40 years, substance abuse services on site or by
HRSA‐funded health centers have delivered arrangement with another provider. Health
comprehensive, high‐quality, cost‐effective care services provided by a FQHC may
primary health care to patients regardless include dental services, mental health and
of their ability to pay. Access to substance substance abuse services.
abuse services is critical to ensuring overall
health and well‐being of health center Many FQHCs receive grant funding, special
populations. reimbursement rates for their Medicaid
patients, and are eligible for medical
Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) malpractice coverage under the Federal
must provide primary care services Tort Claims Act (FTCA).
including referrals to substance abuse
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 73
METHODOLOGY Bureau of Primary Health Care
The HRSA Uniform Data System (UDS) Total FY 2012: $18.3 million
tracks a variety of information, including (Reflects $0.2 million increase from FY 2012)
patient demographics, services provided, In FY 2013, The Health Center program
staffing, clinical indicators, utilization rates, plans to support more than 1,100 grantees
costs, and revenues for the Federally and provide comprehensive primary health
Qualified Health Centers that receive care services to nearly 21 million patients,
Bureau of Primary Health Care grant including access to substance abuse
awards. UDS data are collected from treatment.
grantees and reported at the grantee, state,
and national levels. The UDS reporting FY2013 Changes (+$0.2 million): The
provides a reasonable basis for estimating increase reflects the addition of funding
the share of the Primary Health Care Grants from the Affordable Care Act.
used for substance abuse treatment. The
cost of health centers on substance abuse PERFORMANCE
in 2010 divided by the total cost of all Information in this section on the FY 2010
services provided is 0.75 percent. To performance of the drug control activities
calculate the total drug control estimates, of HRSA’s Health Center Program is based
this ratio is multiplied by the Health Center on the UDS. The FY 2010 performance
Program grant dollars awarded to health information for this program is shown
centers in FY 2011, and the projected below.
amount of Health Center Program grant
dollars to be awarded to health centers in
FY 2012 and FY 2013.
BUDGET SUMMARY
The total drug control budget for the Health
Resources and Services Administration for
FY 2013 is $18.3 million, an increase of $0.2
million over the FY 2012 enacted level.
Health Resources and Services Administration
FY 2010 FY 2010
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Percent of Health Center Program grantees providing SBIRT services 10% 11%
» Percent of Health Center Program grantees providing substance 22% 22%
abuse counseling and treatment services*
*Figures revised to reflect update in data source.
Discussion
HRSA is taking several approaches to developing the infrastructure for high
improve access to high quality substance quality care through the adoption of health
abuse services for medically underserved information technology (HIT) and the
communities through the Health Center transformation of health centers to patient‐
Program. General approaches include centered medical homes (PCMH). PCMH
74 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
and the meaningful use of HIT will enable
enhanced access to care, better care
coordination, and improved patient
engagement. Transformed health centers
are better positioned to partner with other
addiction‐related services in the community
including inpatient and outpatient
substance abuse services.
To further improve access and raise the
quality of substance abuse services, the
availability of services on‐site is essential.
This is to be achieved by training health
center clinicians to provide high quality and
expanded services for those with addiction
disorders. Screening, Brief Intervention,
and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an
evidence‐based process used by primary
care providers in health centers to
effectively detect and treat addiction.
Because many communities served by
health centers have a high burden of
addiction disorders, many health centers
have chosen to co‐locate and integrate
substance abuse specialty services
reflecting efficient and effective approaches
in meeting patient needs. The integration
of substance abuse services may include the
provision of enhanced services, such as
medication‐assisted treatments, by primary
care clinicians. In addition, HRSA plans to
provide guidance to health centers on
collaboration with state agencies to ensure
that appropriate standards of care are
implemented and that referrals are
coordinated.
In FY 2010, 22 percent of health centers
provided substance abuse counseling and
treatment services, meeting the program FY
2010 target. In FY 2010 11 percent of
health center grantees provided SBIRT
services, exceeding the program target.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 75
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Indian Health Service
Resource Summary
Resource Summary Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Prevention $18.755 $18.736 $18.799
Treatment 77.277 79.380 77.963
Total Drug Resources by Function $96.032 $98.116 $96.762
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Alcohol and Substance Abuse $91.629 $93.543 $92.012
Urban Indian Health Program 4.403 4.573 4.750
Total Drug Resources by Function $96.032 $98.116 $96.762
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 171 171 171
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $5.1 $5.4 $5.5
Drug Resources Percentage 1.9% 1.8% 1.8%
Program Summary
MISSION Alcoholism programs transferred to the IHS
The Indian Health Service (IHS), an agency under the UIHP budget.
within the Department of Health and
Human Services, is responsible for providing BUDGET SUMMARY
Federal health services to American Indians In FY 2013, IHS requests $96.8 million for its
and Alaska Natives (AI/AN). IHS supports drug control activities, which represents a
substance abuse treatment and prevention $1.4 million decrease from the FY 2012
services as part of this mission. enacted level.
METHODOLOGY In FY 2013, IHS will continue to serve
IHS includes the appropriation for Alcohol AI/ANs impacted by substance abuse and
and Substance Abuse (excluding the dependence through its Youth Regional
amount designated as Adult Alcohol Treatment Centers (YRTCs) and other
Treatment) and the portion of Urban Indian Federally‐ and Tribally‐operated substance
Health Program (UIHP) funds from the abuse treatment and prevention programs.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and In addition to those direct services, the IHS
Methamphetamine and Suicide Prevention
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 77
Initiative (MSPI) is a nationally‐coordinated providers with a special focus on emergency
demonstration pilot program, focusing on clinics and on women and families.
providing targeted methamphetamine and
suicide prevention and intervention Data from the 2010 National Survey on
resources to communities in Indian Country Drug Use and Health show that the AI/AN
with the greatest need for these programs. population leads all other ethnic groups in
There is mutual development and past 30‐day misuse of prescription‐type
implementation of the MSPI project with drugs. In response, IHS has developed and
Tribes, Tribal programs, and other Federal established a number of initiatives to curb
agencies which now provides support to substance abuse and dependence. For
127 IHS, Tribal, and Urban Indian health example, ONDCP has been working with IHS
programs nationally. The strategic goal is to in selected states to share prescription drug
support Tribal programs in their prevention, information with state prescription drug
treatment, and infrastructure development monitoring programs (PDMPs). IHS has
as they increasingly are delivering their own partnered with the North Dakota PDMP and
services. These programs represent an secured $100,000 for the programming
innovative partnership with IHS to deliver required to transmit data to states utilizing
services by and for the communities the American Society for Automation in
themselves, with a national support Pharmacy versions 4.0 and 4.1 export
network for ongoing program development formats. The resulting agreement included
and evaluation. the initialization, testing, troubleshooting,
and institution of routine reporting to state
Substance abuse and dependence in all of PDMPs for all Federal sites within the states
its forms continue to rank high on the of North Dakota, South Dakota, and
concern list of the Tribal partners. IHS Minnesota. Because South Dakota does not
believes that a shift in emphasis to earlier have a functioning PDMP, IHS facilities in
intervention is required to be successful in South Dakota are reporting to the North
reducing the consequences of substance Dakota PDMP. IHS has partnered with the
abuse and dependence. IHS proposes Bureau of Justice Assistance and secured an
focusing on intervention earlier with additional $35,000 to program the three
younger high risk and hazardous users and remaining programming solutions: ASAP
preventing further progression by 1995; ASAP 2005; and version 3.0. These
recognizing and responding to the abuse. partnerships will bring all IHS facilities
IHS promotes expanded health care services operating in states with functioning PDMPs
such as mental and behavioral health into reporting compliance along with those
treatment and prevention by providing Tribal and Urban Indian health programs
training on substance use disorders to IHS, likely to utilize IHS reporting systems by
Tribal, and Urban Indian health programs at June 1, 2013.
annual conferences, meetings, and
webinars. Continuing Medical Education Alcohol and Substance Abuse
(CMEs) and Continuing Education Credits Total FY 2012 Request: $92.0million
(CEUs) are offered in these training (Reflects a $1.5 million decrease from FY 2012)
opportunities provided to primary care The FY 2013 request includes an increase in
current services to continue to support the
78 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Alcohol and Substance Abuse Program. The substance abuse prevention and treatment
program will continue to support activities in the communities served. All
methamphetamine and suicide prevention urban programs have active partnerships
and substance abuse treatment initiatives. with their local Veterans Health
In FY 2013, IHS will continue to serve Administration programs and several have
American Indian and Alaska Natives identified joint program alcohol and
impacted by methamphetamine abuse substance abuse initiatives.
through its Youth Regional Treatment
Centers and other Federal and Tribally‐ The FY 2013 Budget includes funding for the
operated substance abuse treatment and Urban Indian Health Program, which will be
prevention programs. In addition to those used to continue serving urban American
direct services, IHS, through the Indians and Alaskan Natives impacted by
Methamphetamine and Suicide Prevention alcohol and substance abuse through the
Initiative (MSPI), also provides Area Title V grant program, Alcohol and
allocation funding for pilot projects and Substance Abuse Prevention and
Federal grant awards to 111 Area Tribal Treatment. Substance abuse prevention
awardees, 12 Urban grantees, 3 Tribal and education programs services address
Youth grantees, and one federally‐operated alcohol/drugs, suicide, self‐esteem, injury
Youth Regional Treatment Center (YRTC). control, domestic violence, and sexual
The awards are to establish evidence based abuse.
or practice based methamphetamine and
suicide prevention and intervention pilot FY 2013 Changes (+$0.2 million): The
projects. These programs represent an increase reflects the modest cost
innovative partnership with IHS to deliver growth in Urban Indian Health Program
services by and for the communities treatment programs.
themselves, with a national support
network for ongoing program development PERFORMANCE
and evaluation. This section on the FY 2011 performance of
the drug control portion of the IHS Alcohol
FY 2013 Changes (‐$1.5 million): In FY and Substance Abuse Program is based on
2013, the decrease reflects the agency GPRA documents and other
elimination of the cost of construction information.
($2.0 million) of treatment facilities and
modest cost growth in other prevention
and treatment programs ($0.5 million)
Urban Indian Health Program‐ Alcohol and
Substance Abuse Title V Grants
Total FY 2012 Request: $4.8 million
(Includes $0.2 million increase over FY2012)
A portion of the Urban Indian Health
Program is provided in the form of Federal
grants to 34 urban Indian 501(c)(3) non‐
profit organizations to carry out alcohol and
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 79
Indian Health Service
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Alcohol‐use screening (to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome) among 56.1% 57.8%
appropriate female patients
» Accreditation rate for Youth Regional Treatment Centers in 100% 91%
operation 18 months or more
Discussion
The measures reported in the table indicate
results from both Tribally‐Operated Health
Programs and Federally‐Administered
Health Programs. Currently, Tribally‐
Operated Health Programs have 17
measures, including alcohol‐ and health‐
related performance indicators.
The percent of appropriate female patients
screened for alcohol‐use (Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome prevention) at Federally‐
Administered and Tribally‐Operated
facilities increased from 55 percent in FY
2010 to 57.8 percent in FY 2011, exceeding
the target for this measure.
The accreditation measure – “Accreditation
rate for Youth Regional Treatment Centers”
– increased from 81 percent in FY 2010 to
91 percent in FY 2011, but did not meet the
target of 100 percent. One remaining
Tribally‐Operated Youth Regional
Treatment Center continues to experience
challenges with completing the Commission
on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities
(CARF) but has taken corrective action and
is projected to schedule a CARF site visit in
the summer of 2012.
80 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
National Institutes of Health
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Research and Development: Prevention $436.149 $437.536 $438.052
Research and Development: Treatment 669.493 671.625 672.768
Total Drug Resources by Function $1,105.642 $1,109.161 $1,110.820
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
National Institute on Drug Abuse $1,048.776 $1,052.114 $1,054.001
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 56.866 57.047 56.819
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $1,105.642 $1,109.161 $1,110.820
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 386 386 382
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $30.4 $30.6 $30.6
Drug Resources Percentage 3.6% 3.6% 3.6%
These estimates include NIDA FTEs only, and exclude FTEs within NIAAA that are dedicated to substance abuse research.
Program Summary
MISSION (SUDs), and develop increasingly effective
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) ways to prevent and treat both.
Drug abuse and addiction present tenacious
public health challenges, although National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
preventable, and are also persistent— Alcoholism (NIAAA)
bringing devastating consequences to Since its creation, NIAAA has led efforts to
individuals, families, and all of society. The define alcohol issues as medical in nature
good news is that the powerful tools and and address them using evidence‐based
the detailed knowledge produced by findings. The work supported by the
modern neuroscience provide extraordinary Institute has transformed the
opportunities to help solve these problems. understanding of alcohol abuse and
NIDA will continue to leverage its scientific dependence and its treatment. NIAAA
leadership in this country and globally to provides leadership in the national effort to
achieve a better understanding of reduce alcohol‐related problems, including
substance abuse and addiction risk and the underage drinking by: conducting and
consequences of substance use disorders supporting research in a wide range of
scientific areas including genetics,
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 81
neuroscience, epidemiology, health risks treatment. This subset makes up the NIAAA
and benefits of alcohol consumption, drug control budget estimate.
prevention, and treatment; coordinating
and collaborating with other research BUDGET SUMMARY
institutes and Federal programs on alcohol‐ The FY 2013 drug budget requests $1,110.8
related issues; collaborating with million for NIH’s drug budget related
international, national, state, and local activities, which is an increase of $1.7
institutions, organizations, agencies, and million over the FY 2012 enacted budget.
programs engaged in alcohol‐related work; NIH supported research has and will
and translating and disseminating research continue to provide the scientific basis for
findings to health care providers, budget policy. For example, research
researchers, policymakers, and the public. reveals that universal prevention programs
not only reduce drug abuse, underage
METHODOLOGY drinking, and other risky behaviors that can
NIDA’s entire budget is drug‐related and lead to HIV and other adverse outcomes,
therefore scored as a part of the National but can also promote other positive
Drug Control Budget. outcomes, such as strengthening young
people’s sense of community, or
The NIAAA prevention and treatment “connection” to school––key to reducing
components of its underage drinking drug use, violence, and mental health
research are scored as a part of the problems.
National Drug Control Budget. Underage
drinking research is defined as research that National Institute on Drug Abuse
focuses on alcohol use, abuse and Total FY 2013 Request: $1,054.0 million
dependence in minors (children under the (Reflects $1.9 million increase over FY 2012 enacted
legal drinking age of 21). It includes all level)
alcohol related research in minors, The FY 2013 budget requests $1,054 million
including behavioral research, screening for NIDA, which is an increase of $1.9
and intervention studies and longitudinal million from the FY 2012 enacted budget
studies. Beginning with the reporting of the level. NIDA’s efforts consist of Basic and
FY 2012 budget, NIAAA’s methodology for Clinical Neuroscience Research,
developing budget estimates for the Budget Epidemiology, Services and Prevention
and Performance Summary uses the NIH Research, Pharmacotherapies and Medical
research categorization and disease coding Consequences, Clinical Trials Network, the
(RCDC) fingerprint for underage drinking Intramural Research Program (IRP), and
that allows for an automated categorization Research Management and Support
process based on electronic text mining to (RM&S). Each is discussed below.
make this determination. Once all
underage drinking projects and associated Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Research
amounts are determined using this ($478.9 million)
methodology, NIAAA conducts a manual The Basic and Clinical neuroscience
review and identifies just those projects and programs work together to expand our
amounts relating to prevention and understanding of the neurobiological,
genetic/epigenetic, and behavioral factors
82 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
that underlie drug abuse and addiction. Clinical Trials Network ($47.7 million)
Specifically, these examine which variables NIDA's National Drug Abuse Treatment
influence risk of drug abuse, addiction, and Clinical Trials Network (CTN) comprises 13
drug‐related disorders; how drug exposure research nodes and more than 240
and addiction alter the brain, including the individual community treatment programs
effects of drugs on the expression or in 38 states, plus the District of Columbia
silencing of genes; and how resultant and Puerto Rico. The CTN develops and
changes affect brain function and tests treatment protocols for drug abuse
consequent behaviors. and addiction and related conditions, such
as comorbid mental health disorders and
Epidemiology, Services and Prevention HIV, testing the real‐world effectiveness of
Research ($246 million) promising medication and behavioral
This program area supports integrated approaches with diverse patient
approaches to understand and address the populations and community treatment
interactions between individuals and providers. It also serves as a research
environments that contribute to drug abuse training platform and helps NIDA respond
and related problems. Large surveys and to emerging public health threats.
surveillance networks that monitor drug‐
related issues exemplify programs Intramural Research Program (IRP) ($88.6
supported by this NIDA Division. Program million)
efforts help identify substance abuse trends The Intramural program performs cutting
locally, nationally, and internationally; guide edge research within a coordinated
development of responsive interventions multidisciplinary framework. The IRP
for a variety of populations; and determine attempts to elucidate the nature of the
optimal service delivery in real‐world addictive process, determine the potential
settings. use of emerging new therapies for
substance abuse (both pharmacological and
Pharmacotherapies and Medical psychosocial), and establish the long‐term
Consequences ($130.2 million) consequences of drugs of abuse on systems
This program area is responsible for and organs, with particular emphasis on the
medications development aimed at helping brain and its development, maturation,
people recover from drug abuse and function, and structure. In addition, the IRP
addiction and sustain abstinence, and supports an HIV/AIDS Pathophysiology and
includes development of non‐addictive pain Addiction Medications Discovery Program.
medications. It capitalizes on research
showing the involvement of different brain Research Management and Support (RMS)
systems in drug abuse and addiction, ($62.7 million)
beyond the reward circuit, to develop RMS activities provide administrative,
medications in response to a variety of budgetary, logistical, and scientific support
newly defined targets. This program area in the review, award, and monitoring of
also seeks means to address the medical research grants, training awards, and
consequences of drug abuse and addiction, research and development contracts.
including infectious diseases such as HIV. Additionally, the functions of RMS
encompass strategic planning, coordination,
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 83
and evaluation of NIDA's programs, disorder. NIAAA also has a significant
regulatory compliance, international investment in underage drinking research.
coordination, and liaison with other Federal
agencies, Congress, and the public. NIDA FY 2012 Changes (‐$0.2 million): This
currently oversees more than 1,800 reduced funding will be realized through
research grants and more than 170 operational efficiencies and will not
research and development contracts. impact programming.
FY 2013 Changes (+$1.9 million): The FY PERFORMANCE
2013 request provides additional These two sections on the FY 2011
resources to examine emerging threats performance of NIDA and NIAAA are based
and to better translate research into on agency GPRA performance reports and
practice. other information. NIH’s GPRA measures
are “representative” of Institute
National Institute of Alcohol Abuse contributions to NIH’s priorities regarding
and Alcoholism specific scientific opportunities, identified
The FY 2013 budget requests $56.8 million public health needs, and Presidential
for NIAAA Underage Drinking activities, priorities. Such measures reflecting NIH’s
which is a decrease of $0.228 million from broad and balanced research portfolio, are
the FY 2012 enacted budget level. not Institute‐specific. Each measure is
trans‐NIH, encompassing lead and
Underage Drinking contributory Institutes and Center (ICs).
Total FY 2013 Request: $56.8 million Each section will describe the specific
(Reflects $0.2 million decrease from FY 2012) contributions of NIDA and NIAA to NIH
NIAAA has a strong focus on preventing and priorities.
reducing underage drinking, recognizing the
pervasive use of alcohol among young Both NIDA and NIAA continue to contribute
people and the association between early to a number of trans‐NIH scientific research
initiation of alcohol use and future alcohol outcomes (SRO). One of these is indicative
problems. In 2011, NIAAA released an of its contribution to the prevention of
alcohol screening guide for health care substance abuse and addiction: SRO‐3.5 “By
providers to identify alcohol use, and 2013, identify and characterize at least 2
alcohol use disorders in children and human candidate genes that have been
adolescents, and to identify risk for alcohol shown to influence risk for substance use
use, especially for younger children. In FY disorders and risk for psychiatric disorders
2013, NIAAA will support studies to using high‐risk family, twin, and special
evaluate the guide in clinical settings. The population studies.” By identifying genetic
brief, 2‐question screener will be assessed factors involved in the various stages of the
in youth ages 9 to 18 both: as a predictor addiction process, this outcome aids in the
of alcohol risk, alcohol use, and alcohol development of improved primary (stop
problems including alcohol use disorders; drug use before it starts) and secondary
and as an initial screen for other (prevent relapse) prevention programs.
behavioral health problems, for example
other drug use, smoking, or conduct
84 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
NIDA and NIAA also contribute to SRO‐8.7:
“By 2015, identify three key factors
influencing the scaling up of research‐
tested interventions across large networks
of service systems such as primary care,
specialty care, and community practice.” By
studying treatment implementation, this
outcome improves the translation of
research into practice.
National Institute on Drug Abuse
National Institute on Drug Abuse
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» SRO‐3.5, by 2013, identify and Replicate/validate genetic Research identified genetic markers
characterize at least 2 human markers that identify associated with response to the
candidate genes that have been differences in treatment smoking cessation medications
shown to influence risk for substance response and/or vulnerability varenicline and bupropion. Research
use disorders and risk for psychiatric to drug dependence in a also identified genetic markers of
disorders using high‐risk family, twin, minority population smoking initiation, smoking quantity,
and special population studies. and smoking cessation among Korean
smokers.
» SRO‐8.7, by 2015, identify three key Field 2 studies to test 3 Two studies (MATICCE and HIV‐STIC)
factors influencing the scaling up of implementation strategies for have been fielded to test 4
research‐tested interventions across incorporating research‐ implementation strategies for
large networks of service systems supported treatment incorporating research‐supported
such as primary care, specialty care interventions in the criminal treatment interventions for either
and community practice. justice system. drug abuse or HIV in the criminal
justice system.
Discussion subunits gene cluster with tobacco
Prevention–SRO‐3.5 dependence in subjects of European origin.
NIDA contributes to NIH’s scientific However, few studies have replicated these
research goal of identifying and findings in populations of other ethnicities.
characterizing human candidate genes that A recent NIDA‐funded study demonstrated
influence risk for substance use disorders in FY 2011, associations of variants in the
and risk of psychiatric disorders, by funding CHRNA5/A3/B4 cluster with smoking
research on disease vulnerability and on initiation, smoking quantity, and smoking
optimizing treatment response as a means cessation in Korean smokers providing
for preventing relapse. strong evidence for their contribution to the
underlying causes of these behaviors in this
Vulnerability: Multiple genome‐wide and Asian population.
targeted association studies have revealed
significant associations between variants in Relapse Prevention: NIDA‐funded
the CHRNA5‐CHRNA3‐CHRNB4 investigators identified in FY 2011, genetic
(CHRNA5/A3/B4) nicotinic receptor markers associated with treatment
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 85
response to two smoking cessation national multisite research program, the
medications, varenicline and bupropion. Criminal Justice‐Drug Abuse Treatment
Specifically, the studies demonstrated that Studies (CJ–DATS), which tests strategies for
continuous abstinence during weeks 9‐12 of how best to implement effective treatment
treatment with varenicline was associated within the criminal justice system. In the
with a variant in the nicotinic receptor past year, CJ‐DATS research protocols
subunit genes CHRNB2, CHRNA5, and began data collection.
CHRNA4 while continuous abstinence under
bupropion treatment was associated with a The MATICCE (Medication‐Assisted
variant of the genes for the CYP2B6 Treatment Implementation in Community
metabolizing enzyme and the nicotinic Correctional Environments) protocol,
receptor delta subunit CHRND. The developed in FY 2010, focused in FY 2011
researchers found that the time to relapse on testing implementation approaches
after successfully quitting with either aimed at improving service coordination
treatment was linked to a variant in the between community correctional agencies
5HT3 receptor gene and identified variants and local treatment agencies, to increase
in several nicotinic receptor subunit genes the number of persons in corrections who
that were associated with nausea, a are provided medication‐assisted treatment
common side effect of varenicline (MAT); and improving community
treatment. These results suggest that corrections agents’ knowledge and
specific genetic loci may provide clinically perceptions about MAT and intent to refer
useful markers to guide treatment decisions appropriate individuals to community‐
in the future thereby preventing relapse based MAT services.
among certain populations.
The interventions to be tested are the
Treatment—SRO‐8.7 Knowledge, Perception, and Information
NIDA also contributes to NIH’s scientific (KPI) intervention and the KPI +
research goal of identifying effective organizational linkage (OL) intervention.
implementation strategies that enhance the The KPI intervention consists of professional
uptake of research‐tested interventions in training for correctional staff on use of
service systems such as primary care, medications in addiction treatment. The KPI
specialty care, and community practice. + OL intervention is intended to improve
NIDA recognizes that despite major strides correctional staff knowledge, perceptions,
in treatment research, only limited and capacity for interorganizational
improvements have occurred in non‐ relationships to improve referral to,
research settings. For example, the rates of utilization of, and support for medication‐
drug abuse among people involved with the assisted treatment appropriate for
criminal justice system are very high (e.g., individuals with substance use disorders.
70‐85 percent of state inmates) yet few All of the 9 participating research centers
receive treatment while incarcerated have completed preliminary work (e.g.,
(approximately 13 percent), jeopardizing training, strategic planning) to set the stage
both public health and public safety. To for the centers to begin data collection in
improve drug treatment within the criminal the upcoming year.
justice system, NIDA continues to support a
86 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
The HIV Services and Treatment shorter treatment duration, and 89 percent
Implementation in Corrections (HIV‐STIC) less morphine administered for withdrawal
protocol will test an organizational symptoms in neonatal abstinence
intervention strategy for more effectively syndrome. More than 100,000 opioid‐
implementing improvements in HIV services exposed babies are born each year, with
for preventing, detecting, and treating HIV about 23,000 born to mothers receiving
in offenders under correctional supervision. methadone. If buprenorphine were
The interventions to be tested are an HIV adopted as the standard of care for women
Training for corrections intervention and of childbearing age, not only would that
Local Change Team (LCT) Process dramatically improve outcomes for those
Improvement intervention. The HIV children but it could result in a savings of
training includes basic training on the nearly $260M per year.
fundamentals of HIV infection, prevention,
testing, and treatment, as well as Opioid prescription practices raise concerns
information about the HIV services Prescription opioid pain relievers, though
continuum and its implications. The important in treating pain, have high rates
process improvement using LCT, guides the of abuse in the U.S. One contributor to
team through a structured series of quality continuing high rates of abuse may be
improvement techniques intended to prescription practices related to controlled
identify key change targets and to make medications. A recent study, analyzing
incremental organizational changes that will prescribing practices in this country found
improve the quality and coordination of HIV in FY 2011 that most of the projected 202
services across correctional and community million opioid prescriptions dispensed in the
agencies. As of September 2011, all of the U.S. in 2009 were for products containing
participating centers have selected sites for hydrocodone (e.g., Vicodin) and Oxycodone
the study and have completed preliminary (e.g., OxyContin) for short treatment
work (e.g., training, site randomization) to courses, and most (45.7%) were written for
set the stage for data collection in the people between 40 and 59 years old.
upcoming year. However, 9.3 million (11.7%) were
prescribed for patients between 1‐ and 29
Research Highlights years old. For 10‐19 year‐olds, dentists
Buprenorphine vs. methadone treatment in were the main prescribers. Notably, across
pregnancy causes less distress in babies all the physician specialties analyzed, 56
Opioid dependence during pregnancy can percent of opioid prescriptions were
lead to multiple adverse maternal and dispensed to patients who had filled
neonatal consequences, so treatment is another opioid prescription within the
crucial—a NIDA‐supported study showed in previous month.
FY 2011 that buprenorphine is the better
option for improving public health and This unique analysis identifies important
reducing associated medical costs. The questions for further investigation,
NIDA‐supported study comparing treatment particularly given the severity of potential
with buprenorphine versus methadone consequences, including addiction and even
found that buprenorphine resulted in 43 death: the rates of unintentional overdose
percent less time in the hospital, 60 percent deaths from opioid pain relievers have
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 87
quadrupled since 1999, now outnumbering nicotine use could predispose a person to
those from heroin and cocaine. the rewarding effects of cocaine. Mice that
were exposed to nicotine for a week
Poor childhood self‐control predictive of showed an increased response to cocaine.
adult addiction, and other health and social This priming effect depended on a
problems previously unrecognized effect of nicotine
The development of successful drug abuse on gene expression: nicotine changes the
prevention interventions requires structure of the tightly packaged DNA
understanding modifiable drug abuse risk molecule, reprograms the expression
and protective factors. A recent study that pattern of specific genes, including delta
followed a cohort of 1,000 children from FosB—a gene linked to addiction—and
birth found in FY 2011 that those who ultimately alters the behavioral response to
showed poor self‐control in childhood—as cocaine. If nicotine is found to have similar
early as age 3—were more likely to have effects in humans, these findings suggest
problems with physical health, substance that effective smoking prevention efforts
dependence, and personal finances, and to would not only prevent the negative health
be convicted of a criminal offense by 32 consequences associated with smoking but
years of age, regardless of intelligence and could also decrease the risk of progression
socioeconomic status. Interestingly, while and addiction to cocaine and possibly other
some of these outcomes were the result of illicit drug use.
problem behaviors that began in
adolescence (e.g., smoking, dropping out of Communities That Care prevention program
high school, becoming parents), poor self‐ a smart public health investment
control in childhood was still predictive of A cost‐benefit analysis in FY 2011 of the
problems in adulthood, even in adolescents Communities That Care (CTC) prevention
who did not experience these early system found long‐term reductions in drug
setbacks. Therefore, early childhood use and other risky behaviors, as well as
interventions that enhance self‐control monetary benefits relative to the cost of
have the potential to have a great impact, conducting the intervention. CTC trains
likely more so than addressing problem coalitions of community stakeholders to use
behaviors in adolescence alone. local epidemiological data to identify
elevated risk factors and depressed
Is nicotine a gateway drug? Animal research protective factors in their communities, and
shows that nicotine primes the brain to then choose and implement appropriate
enhance cocaine’s effects evidence‐based prevention programs to
Tobacco and alcohol are the most address their specific profiles. The present
commonly used drugs in the U.S. and other analysis was based on outcomes from a
Western societies. Use of these drugs also panel of students followed from Grades 5
generally precedes the use of marijuana, through 8 in a randomized controlled trial
cocaine, and other illicit substances among involving 24 communities in 7 states. It
drug users and therefore have been dubbed showed that CTC prevention programs
“gateway drugs.” NIDA‐supported result in savings of between $5 and $10 for
researchers have identified in FY 2011 a every $1 invested, returns that increase
molecular mechanism that may explain how over time. Benefits stem from anticipated
88 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
reductions in smoking‐related mortality,
improved health, lower medical expenses,
and, mainly, from lower criminal justice
system and crime victimization costs over
the life course of program participants. This
study shows CTC to be a cost‐effective
preventive intervention and a good public
health investment, even with conservative
assumptions.
National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» SRO‐3.5, by 2013, identify and Conduct functional studies of NIAAA‐supported researchers conducted
characterize at least 2 human candidate genes in different functional studies of gene variants that are
candidate genes that have been populations. associated with increased risk for alcohol
shown to influence risk for dependence through population‐based
substance use disorders and risk research in European‐Americans and African
for psychiatric disorders using Americans.
high‐risk family, twin, and
special population studies.
» SRO‐8.7, by 2015, identify three Continue to support research on NIAAA developed multimedia products that
key factors influencing the the implementation and promote implementation of screening and
scaling up of research‐tested adoption of interventions for brief intervention in pediatric primary care,
interventions across large alcohol use disorders in primary and continued to support research on the
networks of service systems, care and general mental health implementation of screening and brief
such as primary care, specialty care and continue to intervention in primary care, including
care and community practice. disseminate multimedia pediatric care.
products that promote the use
of such interventions in various
health care settings for
underage and adult populations.
» SRO‐4.5, by 2011, identify Support research on biological, NIAAA supported research on the interplay of
genetic and environmental behavioral and environmental genetic and environmental factors and found
factors which predispose to factors that influence risk for two alleles (DRD4 and 5‐HTTLPR) that affect
three complex diseases. problem drinking, including alcohol use or responsiveness to interventions
alcohol use disorders. in adolescents and adults.
Discussion SRO‐4.5: “By 2011, identify genetic and
In addition to SRO 3.5 on understanding environmental factors which predispose to
human genes influencing the risk of three complex diseases.” Identification of
substance abuse disorders and SRO‐8.7 genetic variants that confer risk for alcohol
indicating NIAAA’s efforts to more broadly use and psychiatric disorders will help to
bring evidence‐based treatments for identify individuals at higher risk for a more
substance addiction to the people who severe and complicated disease course,
need services, NIAAA also contributes to many of whom initiate alcohol use early and
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 89
ultimately become dependent on more Genes encoding two classes of alcohol
than one substance. In addition, genetic metabolizing enzymes—the alcohol
variants that influence the effectiveness of dehydrogenases (ADH) and aldehyde
behavioral or pharmacological dehydrogenases (ALDH)—have been
interventions, including prevention and extensively studied and previously
treatment programs, are under associated with risk for alcohol dependence
investigation, both for underage and adult in various populations. For example,
drinkers. previous research has shown that the
inactive ALDH2‐2 variant is exclusive to
Prevention–SRO‐3.5 populations of East Asian descent, and
NIAAA contributes to NIH’s scientific protective against heavy alcohol
research goal of identifying and consumption and therefore alcohol
characterizing human candidate genes that dependence. The reduced risk that is
influence risk for substance use disorders conferred by ALDH2‐2 is enhanced by the
and risk of psychiatric disorders. presence of the ADH1B‐2 variant. A recent
case control study investigated whether
Numerous genes and gene variants have polymorphisms in the ADH class of genes
been associated with increased risk for and two ALDHs were associated with risk
alcohol dependence in various racial and for alcohol dependence in four non‐East
ethnic populations. Some of these findings Asian populations, i.e. Finnish Caucasians,
need to be replicated by independent African Americans, Plains American Indians
studies and/or the variants studied for and Southwestern American Indians. The
function at the levels of transcription study revealed in FY 2011, modest
and/or protein synthesis. In one FY 2011 associations between alcohol dependence
study, NIAAA‐supported investigators and certain types of variants in the
combined and reanalyzed two alcohol‐ ALDH1A1 gene in Finnish Caucasians and
relevant datasets to identify new genetic Southwest American Indians as well as an
risk variants for alcohol dependence using association with an ADH4 variant in Plains
genome wide association studies. The American Indians.
investigators also sought to replicate the
associations between alcohol dependence Treatment—SRO‐8.7
and previously identified variants, and to The integration of alcohol screening, brief
conduct functional studies of variants intervention and referral to treatment
previously shown to have significant (SBIRT) as a routine procedure in primary
associations with alcohol dependence. The care has the potential to reach a large
study identified in FY 2011, three genes number of individuals who are either
with genome wide significance in European experiencing, or are at risk for alcohol‐
Americans, two of which replicated prior related problems, who may not be
studies. Variants in one of the three genes, identified elsewhere. Alcohol SBIRT has
KIAA0040, were replicated in African been recognized as a top preventive
Americans. Functional analysis of KIAA0040 measure in primary care and standard
variants indicated that these genes were alcohol screening guidelines are now
involved in regulating expression of the available for both youth and adults;
gene itself. however, integrating routine alcohol SBIRT
90 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
into primary care still poses challenges for behavioral medicine specialists. SBIRT in
many practices. Research to inform the this study is based on the CRAFFT screening
implementation of SBIRT in primary care tool plus referral to treatment. In the usual
and other clinical settings for underage and care condition, screening and intervention
adult populations continues to be a priority is optional. Also, physicians in this mode of
of NIAAA. A NIAAA‐supported randomized the study do not receive training on SBIRT
controlled trial is comparing two different and do not have access to a behavioral
modes of SBIRT delivery, both based on medicine specialist.
NIAAA guidelines, in one of the Nation’s
largest private health care organizations. In Prevention–SRO‐4.5
the first mode, SBIRT will be conducted by Previous research has shown that genotypic
primary care physicians. In the second variability in the promoter region of the
mode, screening will be conducted by serotonin transporter gene (5‐HTTLPR)
medical assistants with brief intervention influences response in rural African
and referral delivered by non‐physician American adolescents to a preventive
providers, e.g. behavioral medicine intervention aimed at parenting behavior.
specialists, clinical nurses and health Building on that finding, a recent study
educators. Both the control and examined variability at the dopamine D4
experimental conditions involve the use of receptor gene (DRD4) for effects on
the electronic medical record which escalation of substance use in African
includes the alcohol screening questions. In American rural adolescents who
addition to various implementation participated in the intervention. The study
outcomes, the study will examine found in FY 2011 that youth carrying the 7‐
implementation and intervention costs, repeat allele in the DRD4 gene not only
characteristics that predict SBIRT were more responsive to the intervention
implementation as well as barriers, and than youth with the 4‐repeat DRD4 allele,
facilitators and feasibility of the but also that they reduced past month
implementation process. Now in its second alcohol or marijuana use over a 29 month
year, the study recruited, randomized and period. This was in comparison to youth
trained the primary care practices in FY with the 7‐repeat allele and no
2011, and will soon begin providing intervention. Furthermore, parents with
quarterly performance feedback to the the 7‐repeat allele who were randomized to
clinics. a control group with no intervention
exhibited less change in the parenting
A similar study is being conducted to behavior that was targeted by the
examine the implementation, effectiveness intervention. Taken together with the
and cost‐effectiveness of SBIRT in reducing previous finding that the long allele of 5‐
adolescent alcohol and other drug use in HTTLPR influences initiation of adolescent
pediatric care. In this study pediatric substance use, the results suggest different
practices in the same health care system genes may influence different phases of
mentioned in the study above are substance use and highlights potential
randomized to three conditions, i.e. usual opportunities to match individuals to
care, SBIRT delivered by primary care prevention programs based on genotype.
physicians and SBIRT delivered by
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 91
Treatment–SRO‐4.5 youth aged 9‐18, the Youth Guide is a
Analyses of data from the National developmentally appropriate, empirically‐
Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and based 2‐question alcohol screener and risk
Related Conditions (NESARC) have shown estimator that provides a quick, user‐
that early alcohol use is associated with friendly way for clinicians to screen for
future alcohol dependence as well as alcohol use, assess risk for current and
dependence at an earlier age. A recent future alcohol problems, and provide brief
clinical trial examined the interaction of age advice or interventions based on level of
of onset of alcohol dependence and risk. By helping clinicians overcome
variation in 5‐HTTLPR with response to the common barriers to alcohol screening, the
medication sertraline, a selective serotonin guide can facilitate earlier intervention to
reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is commonly prevent both short and long term problems
prescribed for depression. The preliminary associated with underage alcohol use. In FY
results showed that the long allele of 5‐ 2012, NIAAA will begin the next step in this
HTTLPR influenced response to sertraline research, which is to evaluate the
while the short allele had no significant effectiveness of the two‐question screener
effects. Among individuals who carried the as a predictor of alcohol risk/use/problems
long allele, those who had late‐onset of including alcohol use disorders and as an
alcohol dependence (defined as older than initial screen for other behavioral health
age 25) experienced fewer drinking and problems such as other drug use, smoking,
heavy drinking days in response to or conduct disorder. Continuing Medical
sertraline than those with early onset Education (CME) training will also be
alcohol dependence. developed to further encourage use of the
guide.
Research Highlights
New Youth Alcohol Screening Guidelines for
Health Practitioners
National surveys have shown that 71
percent of high school seniors have used
alcohol in their lifetime and that past month
alcohol use increased from 14 percent to 41
percent between 8th and 12th grades. By
12th grade, 27 percent of those surveyed
report having been drunk in the past month
and 23 percent report having an episode of
binge drinking in the past 2 weeks.
Although alcohol use in youth continues to
be of great concern, it often goes
undetected. To encourage alcohol
screening of youth, NIAAA in FY 2011
Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention for
Youth: A Practitioner’s Guide. Targeted to
92 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Prevention $562.349 $561.041 $507.923
Treatment 2,014.495 2,004.787 1,962.948
Total Drug Resources by Function $2,576.844 $2,565.828 $2,470.871
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Health Surveillance and Program Support $176.430 $154.297 $187.724
Behavioral Health Tribal Prevention Grant (non‐add)1 ‐ ‐ 40.000
Programs of Regional and National Significance ‐ Prevention 75.956 76.149 65.877
Center for Application of Prevention Technologies (non‐add) 8.074 8.059 7.511
Mandatory Drug Testing 4.906 5.196 4.906
Minority Aids Initiative (non‐add) 41.385 41.307 41.307
Science and Service Program Coordination (non‐add) 4.789 4.780 4.082
STOP Act (non‐add)1 7.000 6.987 7.000
Programs of Regional and National Significance – Treatment 431.389 425.243 364.139
Access to Recovery (non‐add) 98.954 98.268 93.776
Children and Family Programs (non‐add) 30.670 30.620 29.678
Criminal Justice Activities (non‐add) 65.188 66.903 65.135
Minority Aids Initiative (non‐add) 65.988 65.863 52.359
Pregnant & Postpartum Women (non‐add) 15.878 15.970 15.970
Recovery Community Services Program (non‐add) 5.236 2.445 2.445
Screening/Brief Intervention/Referral to Treatment (non‐add)1 51.662 51.187 30.000
Treatment Systems for the Homeless (non‐add) 41.650 41.571 41.571
State Substance Abuse Prevention Grants 451.107 454.033 404.501
Substance Abuse Treatment Block Grant 1,441.962 1,456.106 1,448.630
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $2,576.844 $2,565.828 $2,470.871
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 547 574 574
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $3.6 $3.6 $3.6
Drug Resources Percentage 71.4% 71.2% 70.7%
1
Funded from the Public Health Prevention Fund of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 93
Program Summary
MISSION Block Grants, and 80 percent of SAMHSA
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Program Management funds.
Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) mission
is to reduce the impact of substance abuse BUDGET SUMMARY
and mental illness on America’s In FY 2013, SAMHSA requests a total of
communities. SAMHSA supports the $2,470.9 million for drug control activities,
President’s National Drug Control Strategy which is a decrease of $95.0 million from
through a broad range of programs focusing the FY 2012 enacted level. The budget
on prevention, treatment, and recovery directs resources to activities that have
from substance abuse. Programs for FY demonstrated improved health outcomes
2013 will include the Substance Abuse Block and that increase service capacity.
Grant, the Substance Abuse – State
Prevention Grant program, competitive Substance Abuse Prevention
grant programs reflecting Programs of
Regional and National Significance (PRNS) Substance Abuse Prevention
and Health Surveillance and Program Programs of Regional and National
Support. These programs are administered
Significance
through SAMHSA’s Centers for Substance Total FY 2013 Request: $65.9 million
Abuse Prevention (CSAP) and Substance (Reflects $10.2 million decrease from FY 2012)
Abuse Treatment (CSAT) as well as through The Substance Abuse Prevention Programs
SAMHSA’s Center for Behavioral Health of Regional and National Significance
Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ) and the (PRNS) support states and communities in
Office of Communications. carrying out an array of activities to
improve the quality and availability of
METHODLOGY services in priority areas.
SAMHSA distributes drug control funding
into two functions: prevention and Minority AIDS Initiative
treatment. Included in prevention are Total FY 2013 Request: $41.3 million
SAMHSA/CSAP funds supporting the new (Reflects same level as FY 2012)
Substance Abuse – State Prevention Grant SAMHSA/CSAP’s Minority AIDS Initiative
program, competitive grant programs, (MAI) Program, implemented in FY 1999,
programs funded through the Prevention supports efforts to reduce health disparities
and Public Health Fund of the ACA in minority communities by delivering and
(including the new Behavioral Health – sustaining high quality and accessible
Tribal Prevention Grant program), and 20 substance abuse and HIV prevention
percent of SAMHSA Program Management services. The program strategies include
funds. Included in treatment are implementing evidence‐based prevention
SAMHSA/CSAT funds supporting Programs practices targeting subpopulations,
of Regional and National Significance conducting HIV testing and referral for
(PRNS), 100 percent of the Substance Abuse treatment, and preventing/reducing the risk
Prevention and Substance Abuse Treatment of substance use disorders and/or HIV.
Grantees are required to target one or
94 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
more high‐risk populations such as African FY13 Changes (‐$8.8 million): The
American women, adolescents, or request will provide $1.0 million in
individuals who have been released from continuation funding for the FASD
prisons and jails within the past 2 years. contract.
In addition to the existing MAI cohorts, Center for the Application of Prevention
SAMHSA awarded grants for the FY 2011 Technologies
Minority AIDS Initiative Targeted Capacity Total FY 2013 Request: $7.5 million
Expansion Integrated Behavioral (Reflects a $0.5 million decrease from FY 2012)
Health/Primary Care Network Cooperative The Center for the Application of
Agreements. This grant program will Prevention Technologies (CAPT) promotes
facilitate the development and expansion of state‐of‐the‐art prevention technologies
culturally competent and effective through three core strategies: the
integrated behavioral health and primary establishment of technical assistance
care networks, which include HIV services networks using local experts from each of
and medical treatment, within racial and the five regions; the development of
ethnic minority communities in the 12 training activities; and the innovative use of
Metropolitan Statistical Areas and communication media such as
Metropolitan Divisions most impacted by teleconference and video conferencing,
HIV/AIDS. Expected outcomes include online events, and Web‐based support.
reducing the impact of behavioral health These training and technical assistance
problems, HIV risk and incidence, and HIV‐ activities are designed to build the capacity
related health disparities in these areas. of SAMHSA grantees and develop the skills,
knowledge, and expertise of the prevention
FY13 Changes (no change): The request workforce. These activities will help
supports 67 continuations and 16 new support the delivery of effective prevention
grants. programs and practices and the
development of accountability systems for
Fetal Alcohol Center of Excellence performance measurement and
Total FY 2013 Request: $1.0 million management.
(Reflects $8.8 million decrease from FY 2012)
SAMHSA’s Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder During FY 2012, the CAPT expects to deliver
(FASD) programming has focused on approximately 1,400 capacity‐building
identifying and disseminating information technical assistance services to more than
about innovative techniques and effective 7,000 people and orchestrated 400 events
evidence‐based strategies for preventing for 10,000 people. Topics include the use of
FASD and increasing functioning and quality evidence‐based environmental strategies to
of life for individuals and their families reduce underage drinking, the application
impacted by these disorders. In FY 2012, of behavioral health indicators for
SAMSHA’s will emphasize and expand substance abuse prevention planning, the
prevention strategies to prevent alcohol use use of traditional and cultural practices as
among women of childbearing age and will prevention strategies within indigenous
provide funding to support a new contract. populations, and the diffusion of state‐of‐
the‐art methods to guide intra‐State
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 95
training and technical assistance (T/TA) Substance Abuse –State Prevention Grant
prevention systems. In addition, the CAPT Total FY 2013 Request: $404.5 million
will develop workforce development (Reflects $49.5 million decrease from FY 2012)
products, including skills training, fact The Substance Abuse –State Prevention
sheets, and a web‐based toolkit; and will Grant (SA‐SPG) proposes to consolidate
provide evaluation capacity‐building SAMHSA’s prevention grants to provide
technical assistance to 53 community‐based more coordinated funding for prevention at
prevention programs and to 24 Science‐to‐ the state level. The new SA‐SPG combines
Service programs. CAPT will plan and the 20 percent prevention set‐aside of the
facilitate a program for special populations current formula‐based Substance Abuse
including Pacific Islanders and Tribal Prevention and Treatment Block Grant
grantees. Finally, the CAPT will develop (SABG) program and the Strategic
training and materials for SAMHSA special Prevention Framework grants into this new
issues, including webinars on best practices, program to encourage data‐driven, needs‐
epidemiological data, evidence‐ programs, based, evidence‐proven methods for
and evaluation techniques. facilitating substance abuse.
FY13 Changes (‐$0.5 million): The FY The SA‐SPG will provide formula‐based
2013 request provides funding for a prevention funding. The SA‐SPG will
new CAPT contract to continue to encourage states and territories to address
promote prevention technologies. substance abuse prevention at three levels:
universal prevention, which addresses
Other PRNS Activities populations at large; selected prevention,
Total FY 2013 Request: $4.1 million which targets subgroups of the population
(Reflects $0.7 million decrease from FY 2012) that share common risks of developing
In FY 2012, $4.8 million in funding will substance use disorders (such as children
support contracts that provide technical with a family history of substance abuse or
assistance and training to states, tribes, schools in high poverty areas); and
communities, and grantees around indicated prevention, which addresses
substance abuse prevention. individuals with multiple risk factors, early
symptoms, or behaviors that are precursors
FY13 Changes (‐$0.7 million): The for substance abuse, but who do not
request includes $0.1 million funding require treatment for substance abuse.
will be provided for continuation of the States/territories and communities will be
Minority Fellowship Grants, as well as able to utilize environmental and individual
resources for other PRNS activities such prevention approaches to achieve
as Science and Service Program measurable results.
Coordination, and Minority Fellowship
Program. FY13 Changes (‐$49.5 million): The FY
2013 Budget request is $404.5 million, a
$49.5 million decrease from the
comparable FY 2012 enacted level. The
amount includes funding from the 20
percent prevention set‐aside
96 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
requirement of the SABG, and reducing ATR was launched in 2004 when 15 3‐year
funding for the SPF‐SIG only funding grants were awarded, which provided
$60.3 million of FY 2013 continuation services to almost 200,000 clients. A second
grants under the current Strategic cohort of 24 3‐year ATR grants was
Prevention Framework program. awarded in September 2007. The second
ATR cohort was projected to serve a target
Substance Abuse Treatment number of 30,000 clients in its first year (FY
2008); however, the actual number served
was more than 50,000. The number served
Substance Abuse Treatment
in FY 2009 was approximately 89,600 which
Programs of Regional and National exceeded the target of 65,000 clients. The
Significance third cohort of ATR, which began in FY
Total FY 2013 Request: $364.1 million 2010, was expanded to a 4‐year program.
(Reflects $61.1 million decrease from FY 2012)
FY 2010 program outcome data show that
The Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
82.9 percent of the clients had success
of Regional and National Significance
achieving and maintaining no past month
(PRNS) support states and communities in
substance use. In addition, by 6‐month
carrying out an array of activities to
follow‐up, 47 percent reported being
improve the quality and availability of
housed; 96 percent had no involvement in
services in priority areas.
the criminal justice system; and 91 percent
reported being socially connected. The
Access to Recovery (ATR)
FY 2013 Request: $93.8 million
recommended target is 225,000 clients for
(Reflects $4.5 million decrease from FY 2012) this third cohort, with approximately 33,500
FY 2013 resources for ATR reflect $93.8 to be served in the first year, 70,750 clients
million to support continuations for the to be served in the 2 subsequent years, and
third cohort (30 grants). ATR is designed to 50,000 to be served in the final year. In its
allow recovery to be pursued through first year of operation, this cohort of ATR
personal choice and many pathways; has exceeded its target of 33,500 having
require grantees to manage performance served over 47,000 clients.
based outcomes that demonstrate client
successes; and, expand capacity by FY13 Changes (‐$4.5 million): The FY
increasing the number and types of 2013 request supports 30 grant
providers who deliver clinical treatment continuations.
and/or recovery support services. The
program is administered through Treatment Drug Courts
recognized Tribal Organizations or through FY 2013 Request: $42.9 million
(Reflects $1.8 million decrease from FY 2012)
the Single State Authority overseeing
Drug courts are problem‐solving courts
substance abuse activities. ATR uses
which help reduce recidivism and substance
vouchers, coupled with state flexibility and
abuse among offenders and increase an
executive discretion, to offer an
offender’s likelihood of successful
opportunity to create positive change in
rehabilitation through early, continuous,
substance use disorder treatment and
and intense judicially supervised treatment,
recovery service delivery across the Nation.
mandatory periodic drug testing,
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 97
community supervision, and appropriate allocate treatment and recovery support
sanctions and other habilitation services. In services effectively and efficiently.
FY 2010, SAMHSA funded 17 new adult and
8 new juvenile Problem Solving Court 3‐year FY13 Changes (‐$1.8 million): The
grants at an average cost of $325,000 per request supports 93 continuation and
year. There were also three new juvenile 22 new grants.
Problem Solving Court 4‐year grants that
were funded in collaboration with the Ex‐Offender Re‐Entry Program
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency FY 2013 Request: 16.4 million
Prevention (OJJDP) within the Department (Reflects same level as FY 2012)
of Justice at an average cost of $200,000 SAMHSA recognizes the need to continue
per year. Also in FY 2010, SAMHSA and the efforts to return and reintegrate offenders
Office of Justice Programs/Bureau of Justice back into the community by providing
Affairs (BJA) developed a joint program to substance abuse treatment and other
enhance court services, coordination, and related re‐entry services while also ensuring
substance abuse treatment capacity of public safety for the community and family.
adult drug courts enabling applicants to The ex‐offender re‐entry grants provide
submit one application outlining a screening, assessment and comprehensive
comprehensive strategy for enhancing drug treatment and recovery support services to
court capacity. Under this initiative, offenders reentering the community, as
SAMHSA and BJA funded 28 new adult well as offenders who are currently on or
Problem Solving Court grants. Each grantee being released from probation or parole.
was awarded one separate grant from each SAMHSA and DOJ/Bureau of Justice
agency, representing an innovative braided Assistance share a mutual interest in
funding opportunity. This collaboration was supporting and shaping offender re‐entry‐
modeled after a successful collaborative treatment services, as both agencies fund
grant program initiated in FY 2009 between “offender re‐entry” programs. These two
SAMHSA and the Office of Juvenile Justice Agencies have a longstanding partnership
and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to regarding criminal justice‐substance abuse
support juvenile drug courts. treatment issues and have developed
formal agreements to further encourage
In FY 2013, SAMHSA will continue to and engage in mutual interests and
provide technical assistance and support activities on these issues. Offender Re‐
states and communities in implementing entry Program grantees are expected to
flexible solutions to address the seek out and coordinate with local
burdensome problems of substance abuse, Federally‐funded offender re‐entry
mental illnesses, and co‐occurring disorders initiatives, including DOJ/Bureau of Justice
in the criminal justice system through Assistance’s Prisoner Re‐entry Initiative or
collaboration between CSAT and CMHS. “Second Chance Act” offender re‐entry
This approach helps local courts find the programs, as appropriate. In FY 2012,
model that best meets the needs and SAMHSA funded the continuation of 29
capacities. It also encourages partnership grants and 3 contracts as well as 9 new
with the behavioral health system to grants.
98 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
FY13 Changes (no change): The FY 2013 Other PRNS Treatment Programs
Request supports 20 continuation and FY 2013 Request: $163.7 million
18 new grants. (Reflects $54.3 million decrease from 2012)
The FY 2013 Budget includes resources of
Treatment Systems for Homeless Programs $163.7 million for several other Treatment
FY 2013 Request: $41.6 million Capacity programs including: Opioid
(Reflects same level as FY 2012) Treatment Programs/Regulatory Activities
SAMHSA/CSAT manages two grant and Screening, Brief Intervention and
portfolios under its Grants for the Benefit of Referral to Treatment; Strengthening
Homeless Individuals (GBHI) program, both Treatment Access and Retention; the
of which provide focused services to Minority AIDS Initiative; Children and Family
individuals with a substance use disorder or Programs; Pregnant and Post‐Partum
who have co‐occurring disorders. Through Women (PPW); Recovery Community
a recovery and public health oriented Services Program (RCSP); Minority
system of care, grantees are encouraged to Fellowship Program; Special
address gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual Initiatives/Outreach; Addiction Technology
orientation, disability status, veteran’s Transfer Centers; and Targeted Capacity
status, and criminal justice status as these Expansion (TCE) General. The FY 2012
issues relate to both substance use disorder Budget includes funds for continuing grants
services and co‐occurring disorder services and contracts in the various programs.
for homeless individuals. . funding will be used to enhance overall
drug treatment quality by incentivizing
The FY 2013 Budget request for this treatment providers to achieve specific
program is aligned with “Opening Doors: performance targets. Examples of grant
the Federal Strategic Plan to Prevent and awards could include supplements for
End Homelessness” which was released in treatment providers who are able to
June 2010 by the U.S. Interagency Council connect higher proportions of detoxified
on Homelessness. It is aligned with patients with continuing recovery‐oriented
Objective 4: Provide permanent supportive treatment; or for outpatient providers who
housing to prevent and end chronic are able to successfully retain greater
homelessness and Objective 7: Integrate proportions of patients in active treatment
primary and behavioral health care services participation for longer time periods.
with homeless assistance programs and In FY 2012, SAMHSA will fund the
housing to reduce people’s vulnerability to continuation of 210 grants and 37 contracts
and the impacts of homelessness. The GBHI as well as 103 new grants.
program is an essential piece to
accomplishing the goals of the Plan. FY13 Changes (‐$54.3 million): The
request supports the continuation of
FY13 Changes (no change): The FY 2013 194 grants and 21 contracts as well as
Request supports the continuation of 72 79 new grants and 7 new contracts.
grants and 2 contracts as well as 23 new
grants.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 99
Substance Abuse Block Grant Health Surveillance and Program
FY 2013 Request: $1.449 billion
(Reflects $7.5 million decrease from 2012)
Support
The overall goal of the SABG is to support The FY 2013 Request of $187.7 million,
and expand substance abuse treatment supports staffing and activities to
services, while providing maximum administer SAMHSA programs.
flexibility to states. States and territories
may expend funds only for the purpose of Health Surveillance and Program Support
FY 2013 Request: $121.2 million
planning, carrying out, and evaluating (Reflects $3. 2 million decrease from 2012)
activities related to these services. Under Health Surveillance and Program Support
SAMHSA’s proposal states may provide provides funding for personnel costs,
SABG funds to community and faith‐based building and facilities, equipment, supplies,
organizations to provide services. Of the administrative costs and associated
amounts appropriated for the SABG, 95 overhead to support SAMHSA
percent are distributed to states through a programmatic activities as well as providing
formula prescribed by the authorizing funding for SAMHSA national data
legislation. Factors used to calculate the collection and survey systems, funding to
allotments include total personal income; support the CDC National Health
state population data by age groups (total Information Survey (NHIS), and the data
population data for territories); total archive. This represents 100 percent of the
taxable resources; and a cost of services total funding available for these activities
index factor. Remaining funds are used for which is which is split 80/20 between
data collection, technical assistance, and Treatment and Prevention.
program evaluation, which are retained by
SAMHSA for these purposes. The set‐aside Public Awareness and Support
is distributed among CSAP, CSAT, and FY 2013 Request: $13.6 million
CBHSQ for purposes of carrying out the (Reflects $0.1 million increase from 2012)
functions prescribed by the SABG Public Awareness and Support provides
legislation. funding to support the unified
communications approach to increase
FY13 Changes (‐$7.5 million): The awareness of behavioral health, mental
request of $1.5 billion will provide disorders and substance abuse issues. This
support to 60 jurisdictions: states, represents 100 percent of the total funding
territories, the District of Columbia, and available for these activities which is split
the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians 80/20 between Treatment and Prevention.
in Minnesota. These resources will
support approximately 2 million Performance and Quality Information
treatment episodes. Systems
FY 2013 Request: $13.0 million
(Reflects $0.1 million increase from 2012)
Performance and Quality Information
Systems provides funding to support the
Consolidated Data Platform as well as the
transition from legacy systems. This
100 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
represents 100 percent of the total funding GPRA documents and other agency
available for these activities which is split information. The tables include
80/20 between Treatment and Prevention. performance measures, targets, and
achievements where the data are available
Behavioral Health – Tribal Prevention for FY 2011. The narrative discusses
Grant achievements associated with the most
FY 2013 Request: $40.0million recent data available.
(Reflects $40.0 million increase from FY 2012)
The Behavioral Health – Tribal Prevention In collaboration with state agencies,
Grant, requested from ACA Prevention SAMHSA defined a core set of standardized
Fund, will provide a formula‐based grant National Outcome Measures (NOMs) that
program to deliver behavioral health are monitored across SAMHSA programs.
services specifically to Tribal populations. NOMs have been identified for both
This represents 100 percent of the total treatment and prevention programs.
available for this activity, consistent with
our Drug Budget methodology and of which NOMs share common methodologies for
100 percent is allocated to Prevention of data collection and analysis. SAMHSA
drug use. continues to implement online data
collection and reporting systems and has
PERFORMANCE assisted states in developing their own data
This section on the FY 2011 performance of infrastructures.
SAMHSA programs is based on agency
Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant (SAPT BG)
Treatment
SAPT Block Grant ‐ Treatment Activities
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Percentage of clients reporting no drug use in the past month at 70.3% 70%
discharge
» Number of admissions to substance abuse treatment programs 1,881,515 1,937,960
receiving public funding
Discussion Government Performance and Results
SAMHSA administers the SABG program as Modernization Act (GPRMA) data and other
a means of supporting substance abuse data sources.
prevention and treatment efforts at the
state and local levels. Specifically, SAPT BG SAMHSA’s block grant funding mechanism
resources facilitate state efforts to address is designed to be data‐driven and
local substance abuse issues. responsive. SAMHSA monitors and tracks
NOMs data, while facilitating other data
NOMs reporting has been mandatory since
collection, analysis, utilization, and
the FY 2008 SAPT BG Application. Pursuant
feedback efforts. For example, data for
to Public Law 111‐352, SAPT BG/NOMs
treatment NOMs are drawn from a
activities are coordinated with the
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 101
combination of sources, including the Web clients abstained from alcohol at discharge,
Block Grant Application System (WebBGAS). 70 percent abstained from drug use, and 92
percent reported no involvement with the
During FY 20011, SAPT BG served 1,937,960 criminal justice system.
clients, exceeding the target of 1,881,515.
Also, FY 2011 data show that 75 percent of
20% Prevention Set‐Aside
SAPT Block Grant—20% Prevention Set‐Aside
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Percent of states showing an increase in state‐level estimates of survey 47.1% TBR
respondents who rate the risk of substance abuse as moderate or great
(age 12 ‐ 17)
» Percent of states showing a decrease in state‐level estimates of survey 52.9% TBR
respondents who report 30‐day use of alcohol (age 12‐20)
» Percent of states showing a decrease in state‐level estimates of survey 64.7 TBR
respondents who report 30‐day use of other illicit drugs (age 12‐17)
» Number of participants served in prevention programs 70,647,674 TBR
TBR – To Be Reported December 2012.
Discussion Prevention Set‐Aside reveal many
As required by law, states awarded SABG significant accomplishments. For example,
funds must spend at least 20% of their total states reported serving more than 4.8
award on substance abuse prevention million individuals through indicated and
services. This is referred to as “the selective prevention services while reaching
Prevention Set‐Aside.” more than 92.1 million Americans through
universal prevention3.
Substance abuse prevention services
funded using resources from the 20%
Prevention Set‐Aside, vary. The Prevention‐
Set‐Aside funds sometimes target a broad
population (universal prevention). In other
instances, these funds are designed to
benefit groups of people with risk factors
related to substance abuse (selective
prevention) and/or individuals who do not
meet the diagnosis for dependence but
have signs of substance abuse and related
consequences (indicated prevention)2.
FY 2011 performance data for the 20%
2
Institute of Medicine. (1994). Reducing Risks for Mental
3
Disorders: Frontiers for Preventive Intervention Research. Based on data reported by States into WebBGAS.
102 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Programs of Regional and National Significance (PRNS)
Treatment PRNS
Treatment PRNS
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Percentage of adults receiving services who were currently 47% 44%
employed or engaged in productive activities
» Percentage of adults receiving services who had a permanent place 49% 48%
to live in the community
» Percentage of adults receiving services who had no involvement with 95% 96%
the criminal justice system
» Percentage of adults receiving services who had no past‐month 62% 70.2%
substance use
» Number of clients served 34,784* 40,381*
Note: Measures reflect clients served through grants in FY 2010. Data are collected at a 6‐month follow‐up point. Since client length of stay
varies by case, some may have been discharged by this point while others were still in treatment.
* Total for SAMHSA’s CSAT Capacity programs excluding Access to Recovery and the Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment
Program.
Discussion
In FY 2011, the Treatment PRNS programs
served a total of 40,381 people, which
exceeded the target. The collective
programs achieved high performance in
some areas and are still striving in other
areas. For example, targets were exceeded
for abstinence (70%) and for clients having
no involvement with the criminal justice
system at 6‐month follow‐up (96%).
However, possibly due to the economic
recession and related housing issues,
neither the reported employment level of
44 percent nor the housing level of 48
percent met the respective targets.
Treatment PRNS includes Screening, Brief
Intervention and Referral to Treatment
Program (SBIRT), which began in 2003. In
FY 2011, SBIRT provided over 213,000
substance abuse screenings in primary care
settings which is above the FY 2011 target
of 139,650 screenings.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 103
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Percentage of adult clients receiving services who had no past month 50% 36%
substance use
» Number of clients served 139,650 213,250
An example of SBIRT grantee
accomplishments are demonstrated by an
SBIRT grant in Colorado. The grant is being
used to integrate screening for alcohol and
substance abuse issues into routine health
care provision. Eight hospitals, six primary
care settings, and eight HIV clinics across
the State are already using the SBIRT
approach (the HIV clinics are funded by the
Ryan White CARE Act). A project partner,
the Colorado Clinical Guidelines
Collaborative, helps by condensing
evidence‐based practices summary guides
that are easily implemented by busy
providers within practice‐based networks.
To promote sustainability of measurable
improvements, the project also targets
health care payers.
The Access to Recovery (ATR) program, also
a key PRNS program, was established in
2005.
Access to Recovery
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Percentage of adults receiving services who had no past month 82% 82.1%
substance use
» Percentage of adults receiving services who had no/reduced 96% 96.7%
involvement with the criminal justice system
» Percentage of adults receiving services who had improved social 91% 90%
support
» Number of clients gaining access to treatment 33,500 47,036
The ATR program provides grant funding to
states, tribes, and tribal organizations as a
way to finance voucher programs that
expand substance abuse treatment capacity
and promote choice among clinical
104 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
treatment and recovery support providers.
In 2011, the ATR program substantially
exceeded its target for the number of
clients served: 47,036 clients were served
as compared to the target of 33,500.
Moreover, programmatic achievements
include positive developments measured at
6‐month follow‐up points, including an
abstinence level of 82.1 percent, an
improved social support level of 90 percent,
and 96.7 percent of clients having no
involvement with the criminal justice
system.
The Drug Court program addresses the
treatment needs of substance‐using
individuals involved in Drug Courts. The
program is designed to provide holistic
treatment and wrap‐around services to
criminally‐involved substance‐using
individuals. This program helps high risk
populations pursue abstinence and a higher
quality of life.
Substance Abuse Drug Courts
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Percentage of adult clients receiving services who had a permanent place to live in
42% 42.3%
the community
» Percentage of adult clients receiving services who had no involvement with the
93% 93%
criminal justice system
» Percentage of juvenile clients receiving services who had no involvement with the
95% 90.1%
criminal justice system
» Percentage of juvenile clients receiving services who had no past month substance
73% 68%
abuse
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 105
Prevention PRNS
Prevention PRNS
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Percent SPF SIG States showing a decrease in state‐level estimates of 67.6 TBR
survey respondents (age 12‐17) who report 30‐day use of other illicit
drugs
» Percent SPF SIG States showing an increase in state‐level estimates 50% TBR
of survey respondents (age 12‐17) who rate the risk of substance
abuse as moderate or great
» MAI: Percent of program participants that rate the risk of harm from 88% TBR
substance abuse as great (all ages)
» MAI: Percent of participants who report no illicit drug use at pre‐test 92.6% TBR
who remain non‐users at post‐test (all ages)
SPF SIG: Strategic Prevention Framework State Incentive Grant
MAI: Minority AIDS Initiative
SA‐SPG: Substance Abuse State Prevention Grant
TBR – To Be Reported December 2012.
Discussion
SAMHSA’s Prevention PRNS includes a number of major discretionary programs, such as the
Strategic Prevention Framework State Incentive Grants (SPF SIG), and the Minority AIDS
Initiative (MAI).
Information on Prevention PRNS performance will be reported when the data become
available.
106 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Customs and Border Protection
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Intelligence $341.502 $363.867 $380.672
Interdiction 1,896.816 1,916.476 1,895.750
Total Drug Resources by Function $2,238.318 $2,280.343 $2,276.422
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Air and Marine Operations $463.765 $454.477 $392.192
Border Security Fencing, Infrastructure & Technology 85.954 60.000 49.065
Salaries and Expenses 1,688.599 1,765.866 1,835.165
Air & Marine Operations ‐ Salaries (non‐add) [252.622] [257.364] [252.737]
Border Security and Control between POEs (non‐add) [481.517] [547.752] [547.141]
Border Security and Trade Facilitation at POEs (non‐add) [883.540] [893.497] [946.672]
HQ Management and Administration (non‐add) [70.920] [67.253] [88.615]
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $2,238.318 $2,280.343 $2,276.422
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 10,823 11,715 11,814
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $9.9 $10.2 $10.4
Drug Resources Percentage 20.9% 21.8% 23.0%
Program Summary
MISSION the Bank Secrecy Act (P.L. 99‐570), “USA
Titles 18 U.S.C. and 19 U.S.C. authorize U.S. PATRIOT Act” (P.L. 107‐56), Money
Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to Laundering Control Act (P.L. 99‐570), and
regulate the movement of carriers, persons, other laws.
and commodities between the U.S. and
other nations. It is through this statutory METHODOLOGY
authority that CBP plays a key role in the CBP is a multi‐mission bureau and
overall anti‐drug effort along the border. calculates obligations, by budget decision
CBP’s jurisdiction is triggered by the illegal unit and function, pursuant to an approved
movement of criminal funds, services, or drug methodology. On the basis of past
merchandise across our national borders practice, six offices within CBP: Border
and is applied pursuant to the authority of Patrol (OBP), Field Operations (OFO),
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 109
Information Technology (OIT), Technology Narcotics Detection Teams, 48 Currency
Innovation and Acquisition (OITA), Training Firearms Detection Teams and 320
and Development (OTD), and Air and Narcotics/Human Smuggling Detection
Marine (OAM) were provided with guidance Teams that will be nearly 100 percent
on preparing estimates for the reporting of devoted to smuggling interdiction.
drug control funds. All six organizations Additionally, the FY 2012 enacted budget
identified resources in financial plans that provides for 11 additional canine units
support the drug enforcement mission of along the Southwest border region.
the agency. OIT, OFO, OBP, and OAM
attribute resources to both intelligence and Finally, in FY 2013, OFO has 14,846 other
interdiction functions; while OTD and OTIA CBPOs, who in addition to the interdiction
attribute resources solely to interdiction. of contraband and illegal drugs, enforce
hundreds of laws and regulations of many
Office of Field Operations other Federal government agencies. CBP
OFO and Security/Non‐Intrusive Inspection subject matter experts estimate that
Division of the Office of Field Operations roughly 30 percent of these officers’ time is
estimates that for Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 devoted to drug‐related activities.
there will be 5,108 CBP officer (CBPO)
positions related to drug enforcement on Office of Border Patrol
Anti‐Terrorism Contraband Enforcement OBP is responsible for controlling almost
Teams (A‐TCET). CBP established these 6,000 miles of land borders between ports
teams in 2003, uniting the former of entry with Canada and Mexico and nearly
Contraband Enforcement Teams (CET), 2,700 miles of coastal waters surrounding
Manifest Review Units (MRU), and Non‐ the Florida Peninsula and Puerto Rico.
Intrusive Inspection, Canine, and Outbound There were 21,417 Border Patrol agents as
teams to form a single A‐TCET enforcement of October 22, 2011, assigned to the
team. The A‐TCET also works closely with mission of detecting and apprehending
the Passenger Enforcement Rover Team illegal entrants between the ports‐of‐entry.
(PERT) and Passenger Analytical Unit (PAU) These illegal entries include aliens and drug
teams to coordinate all enforcement smugglers, potential terrorists, wanted
activities. Although the primary mission of criminals, and persons seeking to avoid
A‐TCET teams is anti‐terrorism, it also inspection at the designated ports of entry
focuses on all types of contraband, due to undocumented status, thus
including narcotics. CBP estimates that 69 preventing illegal entry. It has been
percent of the A‐TCET is devoted to drug determined that 15 percent of the total
enforcement. The smuggling agent time nationwide is related to drug
methodologies and its indicators are similar control activities. Of the 15 percent related
for both narcotics and anti‐terrorism to drug control activities, 3.5 percent of
activities. these efforts are related to counter drug
intelligence activities and 96.5 percent is
Also for FY 2013, OFO estimates there will related to drug interdiction. These activities
be a total of 631 Canine Enforcement include staffing 35 permanent border traffic
officers with assigned dogs. Among the checkpoints nationwide and the utilization
dogs paired with an officer, 138 will be of 950 canine units trained in the detection
110 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
of humans and certain illegal drugs that are resources are attributed to drug
concealed within cargo containers, truck enforcement activities at a rate of 20
trailers, passenger vehicles and boats. In percent. OTD evaluated each office’s
addition, agents perform line watch mission statement and training
functions in targeted border areas that are development/delivery functions to
frequent entry points for the smuggling of determine the total weighted percentage of
drugs and people into the United States. its drug enforcement activities.
Office of Information Technology Border Security Fencing, Infrastructure and
OIT supports the drug enforcement mission Technology
through the acquisition, support, and CBP is the lead agency within Department
maintenance of technology, such as non‐ of Homeland Security for the development
intrusive inspection systems and mission and deployment of border technology and
critical targeting software systems. Of OIT’s tactical infrastructure to secure America’s
spending, 30 percent of base of the borders. OTIA programs deliver detection
Enforcement Technology Center; 25 and surveillance technology systems to
percent of Automated Targeting Systems both the Southwest and Northern borders.
(Passenger, Narcotics, and Anti‐Terrorism) These technologies increase situational
systems software costs, 50 percent of the awareness and assist law enforcement
TECS; and 10 percent of data center personnel in identifying and resolving illegal
operations costs are estimated in support of activity. For this drug control estimate,
the drug mission. OTIA is applying the Border Patrol ratio of
15 percent to the entire account.
Office of Training Development
OTD calculates the portion of its budget Office of Air & Marine
attributable to drug control funding by OAM’s core competencies are air and
issuing an annual data call for all projected marine interdiction, air and marine law
National Training Plan (NTP) funded training enforcement, and air domain security. In
courses to assess if courses contain any this capacity, the OAM targets the
items related to drug enforcement material conveyances that illegally transport
and activities. The curriculum of each narcotics, arms, and aliens across our
course is reviewed and subject matter borders and in the Source, Transit and
experts determine course hours delivered Arrival Zones. In support of Source and
related to drug enforcement for this Transit Zone interdiction operations, the Air
tasking. If specific courses offered through and Marine P‐3 Program has dedicated a
the NTP contain drug enforcement related minimum of 5,200 hours a year in support
material, a specific percentage for that of Joint Interagency Task Force – South
course is defined (hours related to drug (JIATF‐South).
enforcement training divided by the total
number of course hours). Specific training Using the number of flight hours spent
programs identified include the canine performing drug related activities, OAM has
training programs and basic, specialized, determined that 90 percent of the budget
and advanced training for CBP officers and resources that support CBP Air and Marine
agents. OTD’s day‐to‐day operational are considered to be drug‐related. Of the 90
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 111
percent drug‐related resources, 25.6
percent of these efforts are related to Border Security and Trade Facilitation at POEs
intelligence and 74.4 percent are related to FY 2013 Request: $946.7 million
drug interdiction. (Reflects $53.2 million increase over FY 2012
enacted level)
The FY 2013 request is a $53.2 million dollar
BUDGET SUMMARY increase from the FY 2012 enacted budget
The FY 2013 request of $2,276.4 million for for drug‐related resources associated with
drug‐related resources is a decrease of $3.9 border security and trade facilitation at the
million from the FY 2012 enacted level. POEs. CBP will use its resources to support
These resources support CBP as America’s aggressive border enforcement strategies
frontline border agency. CBP employs over that are designed to interdict and disrupt
60,000 personnel to not only prevent the flow of narcotics and ill‐gotten gains
terrorists and terrorist weapons from across our Nation’s borders and dismantle
entering the United States, but also to the related smuggling organizations. CBP
perform its missions, which include narcotics interdiction strategies are
stemming the flow of illegal drugs and other designed to be flexible so that it can
contraband. CBP is determined to improve successfully counter the constantly shifting
security at and between our ports of entry narcotics threat at the ports of entry.
(POEs) along the entire length of land and
maritime borders, and extend the zone of CBP is intent on using resources to develop
security beyond the physical borders. and implement security programs that
safeguard legitimate trade from being used
Salaries and Expenses to smuggle the implements of terror and
Total FY 2013 Request: $1,835.2 million other contraband, including narcotics into
(Reflects $69.3 million increase over FY 2012
enacted level)
the U.S. Under Customs‐Trade Partnership
Salaries and Expenses funds CBP’s primary Against Terrorism (C‐TPAT), CBP works
field including CBP officers, Border Patrol closely with importers, carriers, brokers,
agents, pilots, marine officers, import and freight forwarders, and other industry
entry specialists, and agricultural specialists. sectors to develop a seamless, security‐
The agency’s field organization is comprised conscious trade environment resistant to
of 20 Border Patrol Sectors with 35 the threat of international terrorism. C‐
permanent border and 140 tactical TPAT provides the business community and
checkpoints between the ports of entry; government a venue to exchange ideas,
142 stations and substations; and 20 Field information, and best practices in an
Operations Offices, and 331 associated ongoing effort to create a secure supply
ports of entry, of which 15 are pre‐ chain, from the factory floor to U.S. ports of
clearance stations. Field personnel use a entry. Under C‐TPAT, Americas Counter
mix of air and marine assets, non‐intrusive Smuggling Initiative (ACSI), the Carrier
technology such as large‐scale x‐rays and Initiative Program (CIP), and the Business
radiation portal monitors, targeting Anti‐Smuggling Coalition (BASC),
systems, and automation to ensure the partnership programs remain instrumental
identification and apprehension of high‐risk in expanding CBP’s anti‐narcotics security
travelers and trade. programs with trade groups and
112 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
governments throughout the Caribbean, interdicting narcotics and outbound
Central and South America, and Mexico. currency.
CBP has implemented a Field Operations The Northern border counter smuggling
Intelligence Program, which provides approach focuses on bi‐national, Federal,
support to CBP inspection and border state, local, and tribal law enforcement
enforcement personnel in disrupting the partnerships, information sharing
flow of drugs through the collection and agreements, joint integrated operations,
analysis of all source information and and community outreach in order to
dissemination of intelligence to the maximize efforts and resources. This
appropriate components. In addition, CBP approach has proven successful along the
interdicts undeclared bulk currency under Northern border.
31 USC 5317 and 31 USC 5332, respectively,
cutting off funds that fuel terrorism, FY 2013 Changes (+$53.2 million): The
narcotics trafficking, and criminal activities increase in drug‐related resources over
worldwide. CBP officers perform the FY 2012 enacted level reflects an
enforcement operations which involve increase in the average CBPO salary and
screening outbound travelers and their an increase in the average benefit rate
personal effects. CBP also supports for CBPOs based upon higher costs for
operations that focus on interdicting bulk health care, life insurance and Federal
currency exported in cargo shipments. CBP Employees Retirement System.
uses mobile X‐ray vans and specially trained
currency canine teams to target individuals, Border Security and Control between the
personal effects, conveyances, and cargo POEs
acting as vehicles for the illicit export of FY 2013 Request: $547.1 million
undeclared currency. (Reflects $0.6 million decrease from FY 2012
enacted level)
The FY 2013 President’s request of $547.1
OFO continues to run coordinated inbound
million in drug‐related resources provides
and outbound enforcement operations
funding for border security and control
along the Southwest border. These
between the POEs. The Border Patrol has
operations include participation by the
primary responsibility for drug interdiction
Office of Border Patrol, Immigration and
between the land ports‐of‐entry. In pursuit
Customs Enforcement, and state/local law
of drugs, Border Patrol agents engage in
enforcement agencies. To expand
surveillance activities supported by
enforcement operations along the
computer‐monitored electronic ground
Southwest border, a Unified Command
sensors. Traffic check operations are also
structure has been established for Alliance
conducted along major routes of travel to
to Combat Transnational Threats (ACTT) in
restrict access to the interior by drug and
El Paso. ACTT planning and operations cells
alien smugglers. Transportation centers are
have coordinated a variety of operations to
placed under surveillance for the same
enhance intelligence collection and further
reason.
a number of investigations targeting
transnational criminal organizations. These
operations have proven to be successful in
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 113
In addition, the Border Patrol canine Headquarters Management and
program was implemented in 1986 in Administration
response to escalating alien and drug FY 2013 Request: $88.6 million
smuggling activities along the Mexican and (Reflects $21.4 million increase over FY 2012
enacted level)
Canadian Borders. The canines are trained
The FY 2013 President’s request of $88.6
at the Canine Center El Paso in El Paso,
million in drug‐related resources provides
Texas, to locate concealed humans and
critical policy and operational direction,
detect several narcotic odors and their
mission support, and technical expertise to
derivatives. The canines are used in nearly
CBP mission operations. Headquarters and
every enforcement activity of the Border
Management includes drug control budget
Patrol including line watch, traffic check
dollars from the Office of Training and
operations, and train and bus checks. The
Development and the Office of Information
canine program is responsible each year for
Technology. These programs are essential
the detection of record numbers of
in carrying out CBP's dual mission of
smuggled aliens and large narcotic loads,
protecting our homeland while facilitating
including the arrest of the criminals
legitimate trade and travel.
involved in smuggling activities.
FY 2013 Changes (+$21.4 million): The
The Border Patrol also participates in
increase reflects OIT’s funding increase
numerous interagency drug task force
for the operations and maintenance of
operations with other Federal, state, and
Advanced Targeting System, which will
local law enforcement agencies through
increase the reliability of this critical
Operation Alliance along the Southwest
targeting software system.
border. The Border Patrol is also an active
participant in the Southwest border High
Air and Marine Operations – Salaries
Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) in FY 2013 Request: $252.7 million
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. (Reflects $4.6 million decrease from FY 2012
To further assist the Border Patrol in this enacted level)
endeavor, all Border Patrol agents receive CBP Air and Marine secures the borders
Drug Enforcement Administration Title 21 against terrorists, acts of terrorism, drug
cross‐designated authority as part of their smuggling and other illegal activity by
basic training. operating air and marine branches at
strategic locations along the borders.
FY 2013 Changes (‐$0.6 million): In Multi‐mission aircraft, with advanced
FY2013, CBP will continue efforts to sensors and communications equipment,
interdict drugs between the land ports‐ provide powerful interdiction and mobility
of‐entry. capabilities directly in support of detecting,
identifying, and interdicting suspect
conveyances, and apprehending suspect
terrorists and smugglers. CBP Air and
Marine partners with numerous
stakeholders in performing its missions
throughout the continental United States
and the Western Hemisphere. This includes
114 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
domestic operations at the borders, Source, Detection and Monitoring (D&M) asset
Transit and Arrival Zone operations, interior solely dedicated to the counter‐drug
law enforcement support, and support to mission, it is a critical component of the
other agencies. In fulfilling the priority National Drug Control Strategy.
mission of CBP to protect the borders, CBP
Air and Marine’s geographical Areas of In the Transit Zone, CBP Air and Marine
Responsibility (AORs) are the Southwest, crews work in conjunction with the law
Northern and Southeast/coastal borders of enforcement agencies and military forces of
the United States also to include the other nations in support of their counter‐
Caribbean regions. narcotic programs. In the Transit Zone,
CBP Air and Marine crews work in
FY 2013 Changes (‐$4.6 million): The conjunction with other law enforcement
programmatic decrease to Air and agencies and military forces of other
Marine Salaries is the result of a nations in support of their counter‐narcotic
reduction of 42 OAM positions which programs. CBP is prepared to support
will be achieved through workforce counter‐drug missions in the Source Zone.
reshaping efforts. Despite the smaller Counter‐drug missions include detection
workforce, OAM will maximize the and monitoring, interceptor support, and
capabilities of air and marine assets coordinated training with military and other
through a cohesive joint air operations law enforcement personnel.
model for centralized command and
control, and a responsive and integrated CBP Air and Marine aviation assets include
control system for decentralized sensor‐equipped, detection and monitoring
execution. jet interceptors, long‐range trackers,
maritime patrol aircraft, high performance
Air and Marine helicopters, single/multi‐engine support
Total FY 2013 Request: $392.2 million aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles. CBP
(Reflects $62.3 million decrease from FY 2012 Air and Marine’s range of maritime assets
enacted level) includes interceptor, utility and blue water‐
CBP Air and Marine’s interdiction assets are type vessels.
deployed throughout the Western
Hemisphere. The Air and Marine The FY 2013 budget request includes $28.1
Operations Center in Riverside, California, million for P‐3 SLEP. These funds will
provides command, control, continue the procurement of the new
communications, and intelligence for those wing/tail assembly, the wing/tail
assets by assimilating information from a refurbishment kits for aircraft that do not
wide array of sensors. need new wings/tails, continue the special
structural inspections (SSI) and extended
The P‐3 Airborne Early Warning (AEW) and special structural inspections (ESSI), and
slick aircraft provide vital radar coverage in induct an additional P‐3 platform into the
regions where mountainous terrain, SLEP program. OAM will continue the
expansive jungles and large bodies of water acquisition of four AS‐350s (Light
limit the effectiveness of ground‐based Enforcement Helicopters) with prior year
radar. Because the P‐3 AEW is the only resources. By the end of FY 2013, OAM will
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 115
have acquired 48 of the 50 AS‐350’s under prioritized border security capabilities and
contract. Requested FY 2013 resources will services for the operational users.
also allow CBP to convert one UH‐60
Medium Lift Helicopter from an alpha to FY 2013 Total Changes (‐$10.9 million):
lima model and procure one KA‐350CER The FY 2013 net decrease is comprised
Multi‐Role Enforcement Aircraft. Funding is of program enhancements for Northern
also provided for various marine vessels. border technology, integrated fix towers
and tactical communications and a
FY 2013 Changes (‐$62.3 million): The reduction for a non‐recurring FY 2012
President’s Budget request includes a Development and Deployment
decrease of $62.3 million in OAM’s enhancement.
marine recapitalization and
modernization, due to a one‐time
PERFORMANCE
increase in FY 2012 for the acquisition of
This section on the CBP’s drug control
Coastal Interceptor Vessels.
program is based on agency Government
Performance and Results Act documents,
Border Security Fencing, and other agency information. The table
Infrastructure and Technology includes performance measures, targets,
Total FY 2013 Request: $49.1 million and achievements for the latest year for
(Reflects $10.9 million decrease from FY 2012
enacted level)
which data is available.
The FY 2013 President’s request will fund
acquisition, delivery, and sustainment of
Customs and Border Protection
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance Target Achieved
» Amount of currency seized on exit from the United States 40.0M 47.3M
» Percentage of Joint Interagency Task Force‐South (JIATF‐S) annual mission
hour objective 100.0% 100.0%
Discussion
CBP is the largest uniformed Federal law The performance measure “Amount of
enforcement agency in the country, with currency seized on exit from the United
over 21,000 Border Patrol agents between States” provides the total dollar amount of
the ports of entry and over 20,000 CBP all currency in millions, seized during
officers stationed at air, land, and seaports outbound inspection of exiting passengers
nationwide. These law enforcement and vehicles, both privately‐owned and
officers are supplemented with over 1,200 commercial. The scope of this measure
Air and Marine agents and officers, and covers both the Southwest and Northern
over 2,300 agricultural specialists and other borders and includes all modes of
professionals. transportation, (land, air, and sea). OFO
conducts outbound operations at land
border ports of entry enabling CBP to
116 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
enforce U.S. laws and regulations applying
to the outbound arena, including The Office of Border Patrol is the principal
immigration and drug laws. A number of operational component that works to
presidential strategies including the mitigate all threats – terrorists and
President’s National Export Initiative, the weapons of terrorism, smuggling of
President’s Export Control Reform Initiative, narcotics, other contraband and people,
the National Drug Control Strategy, and the and the illegal entry of people across the
National Southwest Border border. One of the principal areas of
Counternarcotics Strategy designate the concern in FY2011 was Tucson Sector,
Outbound program as a crucial effort. The Arizona, where both apprehensions and
total currency seized upon exit from the marijuana seizures were higher than in any
United States, which was in excess of $47.3 other Border Patrol sector. Stronger
million, is an indicator of CBP’s success in enforcement resources and better
disrupting domestic drug trafficking at the detection capabilities as provided for in
land borders. These seizures of currency 2010, created an even stronger
were potentially destined for criminal or enforcement environment in 2011. The
transnational groups. resources came in the form of the
Emergency Supplemental for Border
OAM conducts extended border operations Security (Public Law 111‐230) signed into
to support a defense‐in‐depth layered law in August 2010 by President Obama.
approach to homeland security. OAM
applies assets in the source and transit
zones through coordinated liaison with
other U.S. agencies and international
partners. OAM coordinates with the larger
law enforcement and interdiction
community through its partnership with
JIATF‐S. OAM typically supports JIATF‐S
requests with P‐3 AEW and P‐3 Long‐Range
Tracker (LRT) aircraft. OAM also supports
JIATF‐S with other aircraft and air assets
including the Dash 8, Chet, C12 fixed‐wing,
Blackhawk rotor‐wing aircraft, and
unmanned aircraft systems. The FY2011
DHS Statement of Intent included CBP’s
objective to provide 7,200 flight hours for
detection and monitoring activities with P‐3
AEW and P‐3 LRT aircraft in support of
JIATF‐S operations. OAM exceeded the goal
of 7,200 hours for FY2011 with the P‐3
aircraft, flying a total of 7,206.8 hours.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 117
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Enacted Request Request
Drug Resources by Function
State and Local Assistance $8.300 $7.500 $0.000
Total Drug Resources by Function $8.300 $7.500 $0.000
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Operation Stonegarden $8.300 $7.500 $0.000
Total Drug Resources by Function $8.300 $7.500 $0.000
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 0 0 0
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $7.2 $6.8 $0.0
Drug Resources Percentage 0.1% 0.1% 0.0%
Program Summary
MISSION Customs and Border Protection. OPSG
The Federal Emergency Management supports a broadest spectrum of border
Agency’s (FEMA) mission is to reduce the security activities and, OPSG is not
loss of life and property and protect specifically a drug enforcement grant
communities nationwide from all hazards, program, but is a part of “State and Local
including natural disasters, acts of Preparedness Programs” with a
terrorism, and other man‐made disasters. programmatic nexus, to support state, local
FEMA leads a risk‐based, comprehensive and Tribal law enforcement agencies
emergency management system of through its grant to increase material and
preparedness, protection, response, manpower readiness and increase the
recovery, and mitigation. number of “boots on the ground” in a an
effort to better secure our Nation’s borders.
METHODOLOGY The funds awarded are used in intelligence
Operation Stonegarden (OPSG) contributes informed operations, which may assist with
to efforts to secure the United States counterdrug efforts.
borders along routes of ingress from
international borders. Currently, FEMA BUDGET SUMMARY
awards OPSG funds in coordination with No new funding is requested for OPSG in FY
2013. FEMA consolidated its grant
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 119
structure and created the National elements and operational activities;
Preparedness Grant Program. and;
Continued to increase operational,
PERFORMANCE materiel, and technological readiness of
FEMA is currently developing a set of State, local, tribal, and territorial law
performance measures for the entire enforcement agencies.
portfolio of non‐disaster (ND) grant
programs, including OPSG. These measures
will focus on the administrative and
management functions applicable to all ND
grants.
In FY 2011, OPSG funding supported state,
local, and tribal law enforcement efforts to
increase U.S. border security along the
international borders. This included
countering threats and hazards, deterring
violence, enforcing immigration laws, and
combating illegal drug trafficking. FY 2011
OPSG accomplishments included the
following:
Increased capability to prevent, protect
against, and respond to border security
issues;
Supported local operational objectives
and strengthened capabilities to
enhance National and State Homeland
Security Strategies (such as the Federal
Secure Borders Initiative and
CBP/Border Patrol (BP) strategies);
Supported intelligence‐based
operations, through CBP/BP Sector
Level experts, to ensure safety and
operational oversight of Federal, State,
local, tribal, and territorial law
enforcement agencies participating in
OPSG operational activities;
Supported requests to Governors to
activate, deploy, or redeploy specialized
National Guard Units/Packages and/or
elements of State law enforcement to
increase or augment
specialized/technical law enforcement
120 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
International $0.478 $0.485 $0.463
Investigations 45.853 46.542 44.400
State and Local Assistance 1.433 1.454 1.387
Total Drug Resources by Function $47.764 $48.481 $46.250
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Salaries and Expenses $47.764 $48.481 $46.250
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $47.764 48.481 $46.250
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 224 224 224
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $0.270 $0.275 $0.257
Drug Resources Percentage 17.7% 17.6% 18.0%
Program Summary
MISSION METHODOLOGY
The Federal Law Enforcement Training The portion of FLETC’s total budget
Center (FLETC) is an interagency law considered to be drug resources is
enforcement training facility that serves a identified by historical trends of drug‐
leadership role as the Federal related training relative to total student‐
Government’s principal provider of world‐ weeks of training and the associated budget
class, interagency law enforcement training authority required to conduct that training.
to more than 90 Federal agencies, as well as Advanced training programs with a drug
training and technical assistance to state, nexus, as well as state and local training
local, tribal, territorial, and international programs with a drug nexus, are considered
law enforcement entities. FLETC provides to provide 100 percent support to drug
premium training programs in support of enforcement activities. All international
drug enforcement activities, primarily in training has a drug nexus and is also
advanced programs that teach and considered to provide 100 percent support.
reinforce law enforcement skills of
investigation. The percentage of the Salaries and
Expenses appropriation that supports drug
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 121
enforcement activities remains constant at providing training, including personnel,
20.4 percent; however, the percentage of supplies, equipment and facilities.
FLETC’s total budget authority in support of
drug enforcement activities fluctuates. State and Local Assistance
Total FY 2013 Request: $1.4 million
BUDGET SUMMARY (Reflects $0.1 million decrease from FY 2012
enacted level)
The FY 2013 drug control request for FLETC
FLETC offers advanced training programs at
is $46.3 million, which is a decrease of $2.2
sites around the country to benefit state,
million from the FY 2012 enacted level. The
local, tribal, and territorial officers who are
Salaries and Expenses appropriation
unable to travel to a FLETC residential site.
enables FLETC to accomplish its mission of
Skills that can be employed in drug
training those who protect our homeland.
investigations may be incorporated into
Salaries and Expenses resources are used to
these off‐site training programs.
conduct training and to fund the support
activities critical to the conduct of training.
FY 2013 Changes (‐$0.1 million): In
FY2013, FLETC will continue to support
Investigations
Total FY 2013 Request: $44.4 million training, including personnel, supplies,
(Reflects $2.1 million decrease from FY 2012 and equipment at non‐FLETC facilities.
enacted level)
FLETC training programs with a drug nexus International
equip law enforcement officers and agents Total FY 2013 Request: $0.5 million
with the basic skills to support drug (Reflects no change from FY 2012 enacted level)
investigations. Topics focus on the International law enforcement students
recognition and identification of the most may receive training on‐site at Glynco, GA
commonly abused illicit drugs and or abroad (for example, at an International
pharmaceuticals. To enhance the realism of Law Enforcement Academy). All advanced
training, FLETC maintains a limited, training provided for international students
accountable repository of illicit drugs for has a nexus to drug enforcement activities.
use in identification and testing exercises
using various drug testing methods. FY 2013 Changes (no change): The
Heightened realism is also achieved in request supports the cost of providing
various training programs that feature training, including personnel, supplies,
aspects of marijuana cultivation, controlled equipment, and facilities at FLETC and
burns, or simulated clandestine laboratories non‐FLETC sites.
that prepare students to respond properly
when faced with situations involving PERFORMANCE
hazardous chemicals. This section on the FY 2011 performance of
FLETC’s drug support mission is based on
FY 2013 Changes (‐$2.1 million): While agency Government Performance and
overall funding is slightly lower that Results Act documents and other agency
than the FY 2012 enacted amount, the information. The FY 2011 performance
request continues to support the cost of information for FLETC’s drug related
training is shown below.
122 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
Selected Performance Metric FY 2011 FY 2011
Target Achieved
Percent of Partner Organizations satisfied with the training 91% 97%
provided by the FLETC
Discussion mechanism to better assess the
FLETC’s mission, which is to train those who performance of its counterdrug resources.
protect our homeland, also supports the
National Drug Control Strategy by providing
drug investigations training for law
enforcement agents and officers.
The officers and agents that receive FLETC
training in drug investigation activities are
employed primarily by Federal agencies
with a law enforcement role. These Federal
agencies, which have formalized their
relationship with FLETC as their trainer of
choice through Memoranda of
Understanding, are substantively involved
in the strategic direction of FLETC and are
referred to as Partner Organizations. FLETC
measures its success by assessing the
satisfaction of its Partner Organizations
with the requested training that FLETC
provided.
In FY 2011, FLETC trained 70,542 students,
equating to 128,023 student‐weeks of
training. The curriculum for about 16
percent of these students included training
in drug investigation activities.
In late FY 2012, FLETC will baseline a new
metric, which will be used as its selected
drug related performance metric starting in
FY 2013. This new metric will more
accurately reflect the satisfaction of Partner
Organizations with the counterdrug‐related
training FLETC provides to their officers and
agents, thereby providing FLETC with a
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 123
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Intelligence $13.776 $16.967 $16.253
International 7.112 7.275 6.882
Investigations 483.652 499.283 479.995
Total Drug Resources by Function $504.540 $523.525 $503.130
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Salaries and Expenses ‐ Immigration Enforcement $504.540 $523.525 $503.130
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $504.540 $523.525 $503.130
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 2,524 2,627 2,525
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $5.8 $5.9 $5.6
Drug Resources Percentage 8.7% 8.9% 8.9%
Program Summary
MISSION METHODOLOGY
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement ICE is a multi‐mission bureau, and budget
(ICE), a multi‐mission law enforcement authority is reported pursuant to an
agency, uses aggressive border approved drug methodology. ICE’s
enforcement strategies to investigate and methodology is based on investigative case
disrupt the flow of narcotics and ill‐gotten hours recorded in the agency’s automated
gains across the Nation’s borders, and Case Management System (formerly known
dismantle related smuggling organizations. as Treasury Enforcement Communication
ICE achieves these objectives by System ‐ TECS). ICE agents record the type
maintaining a cadre of Title 21 cross‐ of work performed in this system.
designated Special Agents and a multi‐ Following the close of the fiscal year, a
disciplined money laundering control report is run showing investigative case
program to investigate financial crimes and hours that are coded as general drug cases
interdict bulk currency shipments exported and money laundering drug cases. A
out of the United States. second report is run showing all
investigative case hours logged.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 125
Separate calculations exist for ICE’s three task forces, such as the Organized Crime
drug‐related components within Homeland Drug Enforcement Task Force (OCDETF), the
Security Investigations (HSI): Office of High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas
Investigations (OI), Office of International (HIDTAs), Drug Enforcement
Affairs (OIA), and Office of Intelligence Administration’s (DEA) Special Operations
(Intelligence). OI, OIA and Intelligence Division (SOD) and the Border Enforcement
derive a percentage by dividing the number Security Task Force (BEST) initiative.
of investigative case hours linked to drug
control activities by the total number of As a member of OCDETF, ICE has access to
investigative case hours. In FY 2011, 28.9 interagency information available through
percent of case hours were drug‐related for the OCDETF Fusion Center. This
OI, 6.3 percent for OIA, and 24.3 percent for collaboration with other Fusion Center
Intelligence; these were used to compute agencies, including the Federal Bureau of
FY 2012 and FY 2013 estimates. Investigation (FBI), the DEA and the Bureau
of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and
BUDGET SUMMARY Explosives (ATF), enhances ICE’s ability to
The total drug control request for ICE for FY develop target profiles and actionable
2013 is $503.1 million, a decrease of $20.4 investigative leads to disrupt and dismantle
million from the FY 2012 enacted level. significant drug traffickers.
Salaries and Expenses In further support of interagency
Total FY 2013 Request: $503.1 million collaboration, ICE will remain an active
(Reflects $20.4 million decrease from FY 2012 participant in the DEA‐led SOD, an
enacted level) interagency coordination unit consisting of
The Salaries and Expenses account representatives from several Federal
contributes to the ICE mission of bringing a agencies that include DEA, FBI, and the
unified and coordinated focus to the Internal Revenue Service. During ICE field
enforcement of Federal immigration and investigations, ICE targets the command
customs laws. Salaries and Expenses and control communication devices
resources are used to combat terrorism and employed by criminal organizations
illegal immigration through the operating across jurisdictional boundaries
investigation, detention, and prosecution of on a regional, national, and international
criminal and non‐criminal aliens, and level and coordinates this information
domestic gangs. These activities protect among law enforcement agencies, foreign
the infrastructure and persons within the and domestic, to maximize efforts to
United States. disrupt and dismantle targeted
organizations.
Investigative Activities
FY 2013 Request: $480.0 million
(Reflects $19.3 million decrease from FY 2012
Implemented in FY 2006, the BEST initiative
enacted level) developed a comprehensive approach that
The requested resources will support identifies, disrupts, and dismantles criminal
investigative efforts; coordination with organizations posing significant threats to
other Federal, State, local, and foreign law border security. The BEST teams
enforcement agencies; and participation in incorporate personnel from ICE; U.S.
126 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Customs and Border Protection (CBP); DEA; international investigations involving
ATF; FBI; the U.S. Coast Guard; and the U.S. transnational criminal organizations and
Attorney's Office along with other key serving as ICE’s liaison to foreign
Federal, State, local and foreign law counterparts in local government and law
enforcement agencies. enforcement. Based on a memorandum of
understanding, all ICE foreign narcotics
As part of its investigative authorities, ICE investigations are coordinated with DEA.
will utilize the requested resources to fund
operations that target the systems used by A part of ICE's strategy is to attack the
international criminal organizations to vulnerabilities of drug trafficking
launder the proceeds of their criminal organizations and disrupt key business
activities, such as the Cornerstone Initiative. sectors and weaken the economic basis of
Other examples of ICE’s financial the drug trade. The illegal drug market in
investigations are the Trade Transparency the U.S. is based on illegal narcotics grown
Unit (TTU) and Money Laundering or manufactured in foreign countries and
Coordination Center, which provide the smuggled across our Nation’s borders. ICE
analytical infrastructure to support financial agents enforce a wide range of criminal
and trade investigations. The TTU provides statutes including Title 18 and Title 19 of
the capability to identify and analyze the U.S. Code. These statutes address
complex trade‐based money laundering general smuggling issues as well as customs
systems and has the unique ability to violations. ICE also enforces Title 21, which
analyze domestic trade and financial data in covers the importation, distribution,
addition to the trade and financial data of manufacture and possession of illegal
foreign cooperating partners. ICE will also narcotics.
continue its investigative activities in
support of the National Parcel Post FY 2013 Changes (‐$0.4 million): The
Initiative, which targets individuals and small decrease in funding reflects cost‐
organizations that smuggle contraband via savings made possible through
the U.S. Postal Service and express carrier efficiencies identified by OIA in the FY
hubs. 2013 President’s Budget.
FY 2013 Changes (‐$19.3 million): The Intelligence Activities
decrease reflects cost‐savings made FY 2013 Request: $16.3 million
possible through efficiencies identified (Reflects $0.7 million decrease from FY 2012
enacted level)
by OI in the FY 2013 President’s Budget.
Intelligence collects, analyzes, and shares
strategic and tactical data with Federal,
International Affairs Activities
FY 2013 Request: $6.9 million
state, local and tribal law enforcement
(Reflects $0.4 million decrease from FY 2012 partners in an effort to disrupt the flow of
enacted level) drugs by collecting and analyzing all‐source
As the primary component of DHS information and disseminating strategic
international law enforcement operations, intelligence to the appropriate partner.
OIA is responsible for enhancing national
security by conducting and coordinating
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 127
FY 2013 Changes (‐$0.7 million): While
less than the FY 2012 enacted level the ICE is in the process of establishing a new
request will maintain analysis and performance metric in FY 2012 to better
support of DHS components’ requests indicate the success of counter‐narcotics
for strategic intelligence information enforcement. The new performance metric
and reports. will be “the percentage of high impact or
high risk drug investigations that result in a
disruption or dismantlement of domestic
PERFORMANCE
and transnational criminal organizations.”
This section on the FY 2011 performance of
Cases are deemed high impact or high risk
the drug control mission of ICE is based on
based on a pre‐defined set of criteria, and
agency GPRA documents and other agency
are reviewed by a significant case panel
information.
monthly. A disruption is defined as actions
taken in furtherance of the investigation
The ICE mandate to detect, disrupt and
that impede the normal and effective
dismantle smuggling organizations supports
operation of the target organization or
ONDCP initiatives and U.S. national drug
targeted criminal activity. Dismantlement is
control policy. Within their respective
defined as destroying the target
spheres of operation, the Investigations,
organization’s leadership, network, and
International Affairs, and Intelligence
financial base to the point that the
Divisions contribute to the Strategy’s
organization is incapable of reconstituting
counter‐drug efforts. Specifically, ICE
itself.
efforts contribute to disrupting the market
for illicit drugs and creating secure borders.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Performance Metrics
Target Actual
» Percentage of closed drug investigations which have an enforcement
78.0% 72.0%
consequence (arrest, indictment, conviction, seizure, fine or penalty)
» Percentage of cocaine seizures considered high impact N/A* 54%
» Percentage of marijuana seizures considered high impact N/A* 48%
» Percentage of methamphetamine seizures considered high impact N/A* 65%
» Percentage of heroin seizures considered high impact N/A* 68%
» Dollar value of seized currency and monetary instruments from drug
N/A* $232.4M
operations
» Dollar value of real or other property seized from drug operations N/A* $53.7M
» Percentage of overseas hours spent on drug related cases 4.5% 6.3%
» Total counter narcotics intelligence requests satisfied 796 2721
*ICE keeps tra ck of a ddi ti ona l yea r‐end s ta ti s ti cs to moni tor drug enforcement efforts but
does not s et ta rgets for s ei zures .
Discussion trafficking and related transnational crime.
As the primary investigative agency within ICE targets its investigative resources on the
DHS, ICE’s enforcement efforts directly illicit drug trade networks that exploit our
impact DHS’s ability to secure our borders, nation’s borders. Dismantling criminal
enforce immigration law, and stem illegal organizations that take advantage of
128 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
vulnerabilities at our borders is a critical techniques to support domestic cases and
step to preventing organizations from interagency cross‐border initiatives.
leveraging criminal networks to weaken
America’s national security.
ICE’s money laundering control program
investigates financial crimes and interdicts
bulk currency shipments exported out of
the United States. ICE tracks such financial
crimes, related to drug operations, through
two performance measures: (1) the dollar
value of seized currency and monetary
instruments from drug operations, and (2)
the dollar value of real or other property
seized from drug operations. The dollar
value of real or other property seized from
drug operations was $53.7 million in FY
2011. In addition, ICE seized $232.4 million
of currency and monetary instruments from
drug operations. The seizure of currency
and monetary instruments reduces the
financial incentives for criminals.
In FY 2011, the percentage of closed drug
smuggling investigations that resulted in an
enforcement consequence was 72.0
percent. An enforcement consequence
includes arrests, indictments, convictions,
seizures, fines and/or penalties.
Investigations that result in an enforcement
consequence increase deterrence and
contribute to the elimination of
vulnerabilities in various aspects of trade
and immigration.
In FY 2011, 6.3 percent of all overseas
investigative hours performed by the Office
of International Affairs (OIA) were spent on
drug related cases. OIA partners with
domestic ICE components and with U.S. law
enforcement agencies overseas to leverage
overseas resources, mitigating global
narcotics threats to the U.S. This includes
utilizing investigative and intelligence
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 129
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Office of Counternarcotics Enforcement
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Intelligence $0.251 $0.157 $0.000
Interdiction 2.218 1.383 0.000
International 0.003 0.002 0.000
Investigations 0.367 0.229 0.000
State and Local Assistance 0.044 0.028 0.000
Research and Development 0.002 0.001 0.000
Total Drug Resources by Function $2.885 $1.800 $0.000
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Salaries and Expenses $2.885 $1.800 $0.000
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $2.885 $1.800 $0.000
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 15 15 15
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $0.003 $0.002 $0.0
Drug Resources Percentage 100.0% 100.0% 0.0%
Program Summary
MISSION counternarcotics enforcement mission.
In FY 2012, Congress provided a total of DHS will integrate the existing CNE policy
$1.8 million for the Office of planning and coordination activities within
Counternarcotics Enforcement (CNE) to the broader DHS enforcement and security
continue operations while the Department missions and make optimum use of the
of Homeland Security (DHS) conducts an existing planning and operations elements
orderly termination of the Office. This of its key law enforcement agencies. It will
funding will be transferred to the Office of also enable DHS, through the Office of
Policy after March 30, 2012, which is Policy, to coordinate DHS policy and
expected to assume policy development programs that are carried out with the
and coordination responsibilities currently Office of National Drug Control Policy and
assigned to CNE. The termination of CNE other Federal, state, local, and international
reflects the need to streamline Executive government partners.
Branch efforts to carry out the
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 131
METHODOLOGY
All CNE resources are scored as a part of the
National Drug Control Budget.
BUDGET SUMMARY
While there is no specific FY 2013 request
to support counternarcotics oversight
activities, DHS is working to ensure that the
transition of counternarcotics
responsibilities is seamless and that
departmental level counternarcotics policy
coordination and oversight capabilities are
sustained.
132 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
United States Coast Guard
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Interdiction $1,405.661 $973.239 $1,122.339
Research and Development 2.395 4.050 2.559
Total Drug Resources by Function $1,408.056 $977.289 $1,124.898
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Acquisition, Construction and Improvements $651.814 $254.564 $401.920
Operating Expenses 739.622 703.897 705.361
Research and Development 2.395 4.050 2.559
Reserve Training 14.225 14.778 15.058
Total Drug Resources by Function $1,408.056 $977.289 $1,124.898
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 5,841 5,434 5,822
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $11.2 $10.6 $10.0
Drug Resources Percentage 12.6% 9.3% 11.3%
Program Summary
MISSION The Coast Guard has a comprehensive
The United States Coast Guard is America’s approach to maritime counterdrug law
lead maritime safety, security, and enforcement in the source, transit, and
stewardship agency, enforcing all applicable arrival zones. The cornerstones of the
Federal laws and international conventions USCG strategy are to maintain an
on, under, and over the high seas and interdiction presence based on the
waters subject to the jurisdiction of the availability of assets in order to deny
United States, including U.S. territorial seas, smugglers access to maritime routes and
the contiguous zone, and the Exclusive deter trafficking activity; strengthen ties
Economic Zone. As part of its maritime with source and transit zone nations to
security strategic goal, the Coast Guard’s increase their willingness and ability to
drug interdiction objective is to reduce the reduce the production and trafficking of
flow of illegal drugs entering the United illicit drugs within their sovereign
States by denying smugglers access to boundaries, including territorial seas; and
maritime routes. support interagency and international
efforts to combat drug smuggling through
increased cooperation and coordination.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 133
METHODOLOGY Support Costs: Applied to assets for
The Coast Guard does not have a specific which cost variability can be specifically
appropriation for drug interdiction linked to operating assets (based on
activities. All Coast Guard operations, carefully‐developed allocation criteria);
capital improvements and acquisitions, and,
reserve training, and research and Overhead Costs: Applied to assets
development activities targeted toward based on proportion of labor dollars
drug interdiction are funded out of the spent where cost variability cannot be
associated appropriations specified herein. specifically linked to operating assets.
This is a standard industry approach to
Reflecting the multi‐mission nature of Coast overhead allocation.
Guard units, the accounting system is keyed
to operating and support facilities, rather Once all OE costs are fully loaded on
than to specific missions. Consistent with mission‐performing assets, those costs are
that approach, personnel and other costs further allocated to Coast Guard missions
are administered and tracked along (Drug Enforcement, Search and Rescue,
operational and support capability lines etc.) using actual or baseline projections for
requiring detailed cost accounting operational employment hours.
techniques.
Acquisition, Construction & Improvements
The Coast Guard uses a Mission Cost Model (AC&I)
(MCM) methodology to compute its drug The MCM is used to develop an allocation
attribution. The MCM allocates funding of costs by mission areas for proposed AC&I
across Coast Guard missions in the projects based on the typical employment
Performance‐Based Budget (PBB) of assets germane to the project. For
presentation. The MCM allocates all direct example, if a new asset is being proposed
and support costs to mission‐performing for commissioning through an AC&I project,
units. Established baselines of operational costs would be applied to missions using
activity are used to further allocate those the operational profile of a comparable
costs to the various missions. existing asset. The Coast Guard uses a zero‐
based budget approach in developing its
Operating Expenses (OE) request for AC&I funding. Program changes
OE funds are used to operate assets, in the AC&I account may vary significantly
facilities, maintain capital equipment, from year‐to‐year depending on the specific
improve management effectiveness, and platforms or construction projects
recruit, train, and sustain all active duty supported. AC&I funding finances the
military and civilian personnel. Budget acquisition of new capital assets,
presentations for current and future years construction of new facilities, and physical
use the most recent OE asset cost data. The improvements to existing facilities and
MCM systematically allocates all OE costs in assets. The funds cover Coast Guard‐owned
the following way: and operated vessels, shore facilities, and
other equipment such as computer
Direct Costs: Applied directly to the systems.
operating assets that perform missions;
134 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Research, Development, Test, & Evaluation Acquisition, Construction and
(RDT&E) Improvements
The MCM is used to develop an allocation Total FY 2013 Request: $401.9 million
of costs by mission areas for proposed (Reflects $147.4 million increase from FY 2012
enacted level)
Research, Development, Test, and
The FY 2013 budget provides funding for
Evaluation projects. Allocation of drug
continued replacement or refurbishment of
interdiction funding is accomplished within
increasingly outdated and unreliable assets.
the zero‐based RDT&E appropriation by
The most important new assets under
evaluating each project’s anticipated
production are the National Security Cutter
contribution to drug interdiction efforts
(NSC), Fast Response Cutter (FRC), and
based on subject matter expert professional
Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA). The timely
judgment.
replacement of aging 378‐foot High
Endurance Cutters (HECs) with the 418‐foot
Reserve Training (RT)
NSC is the Coast Guard’s top
RT funds are used to support Selected
recapitalization priority. Other
Reserve personnel who in turn operate
recapitalization projects include the 154‐
facilities, maintain capital equipment,
foot FRC for the 110‐foot Island Class Patrol
improve management effectiveness, and
Boat and the MPA for the 26‐year‐old HU‐
assist in sustaining all operations.
25 Falcon aircraft. All of the assets being
Allocation of RT funding to the Coast
replaced have reached or exceeded the end
Guard’s drug interdiction mission is done
of their service lives.
using the same methodology used for the
OE appropriation.
In general, replacement assets such as the
NSC, FRC, and MPA will provide improved
BUDGET SUMMARY capability over in‐service legacy assets.
The Coast Guard’s FY 2013 budget requests
Additionally, replacing assets with new,
$1,124.9 million to fund drug control
more reliable ships and aircraft reduces
operations, which is a $147.6 million
unplanned maintenance liabilities currently
increase over the FY 2012 enacted level.
experienced with the HECs and Falcons. In
the long‐term, continued timely
The FY 2013 budget emphasizes rebuilding
replacement of aging assets will
the Coast Guard through the replacement
significantly increase the Coast Guard’s
of aging assets and infrastructure while
overall performance to the Nation.
sustaining front line operations within fiscal
guidance levels. The FY 2013 budget
FY 2013 Changes (+$147.4 million): The
leverages targeted reductions in
FY 2013 budget provides funding for
operational capacity and efficiencies to
newly acquired assets and also funds
support continued recapitalization of aging
the critical logistics and Command,
assets and infrastructure.
Control, Computers, Communications,
Intelligence, Surveillance, and
Reconnaissance (C4ISR) investments
needed to support them. Preservation
of the Coast Guard’s maritime capability
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 135
through the recapitalization of surface New FRCs in the Seventh Coast Guard
and air assets, particularly segment 2 of District in FY 2013 will mitigate impacts to
the NSC #6’s long lead time materials, the drug interdiction mission resulting from
the production contract and post‐ decommissioning of the three 110‐foot
production. patrol boats. With eight FRCs scheduled for
delivery through 2013, these
Operating Expenses decommissioning actions will begin the
Total FY 2013 Request: $705.4 million transition of the in‐service patrol boat fleet
(Reflects $1.5 million increase from FY 2012 to the new FRC fleet.
enacted level)
The FY 2013 budget supports the operation
The HTHM operations program was
and maintenance of Coast Guard capability,
implemented as a stop‐gap measure when
including personnel pay and allowances,
eight 110‐foot patrol boats had to be pulled
training and recruiting, operating funds for
from service in 2007. Termination of this
newly acquired assets delivered through
program coincides with commissioning of
Coast Guard recapitalization programs, and
the FRC, which will replace this lost
unit and depot level maintenance.
capacity. This action will cease all patrol
boat multi‐crewing operations at the
Operational reductions in the FY 2013
beginning of FY 2013 and returns six 110‐
budget that could impact the Coast Guard’s
foot patrol boats to their pre‐HTHM
drug interdiction mission include the
operational tempo levels.
decommissioning of two HECs and three
110‐foot patrol boats, retirement of three
Three HU‐25 aircraft assigned to Coast
HU‐25 aircraft, disestablishment of the High
Guard Air Station (CGAS) Cape Cod will be
Tempo High Maintenance (HTHM)
retired in FY 2013. In their place, three
operations program for the 110‐foot patrol
more capable HC‐144A aircraft will be
boats, and a reduction to the Coast Guard’s
placed into full‐operational status at CGAS
Mobile Training Branch.
Cape Cod. The three HC‐144A aircraft will
provide more flight hours than the four
The Coast Guard will decommission the
retired HU‐25s.
fourth and fifth HEC of the original 12 HEC
fleet in FY 2013. With the average cutter
The Coast Guard’s Mobile Training Branch
age at 43 years, the HEC fleet has become
provides training to foreign countries in
increasingly difficult to maintain and sustain
support of national defense, homeland
operationally. Major cutter operational
security, and maritime prevention priorities,
availability for the drug interdiction mission
including law enforcement training that
is sustained by the more capable NSCs as
enhances partner nation capacity to combat
they come online. The fourth NSC is under
illicit drug trafficking. In 2013, the Coast
production and scheduled for delivery in
Guard’s decrease the number of core
fourth quarter of FY 2014, and the fifth NSC
personnel in the Branch but will augment
is under contract and scheduled for delivery
the Mobile Training Team with Coast Guard
in FY 2016.
personnel attached to other units on a
temporary‐duty basis to deploy and assist
with training missions.
136 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
frequently called upon to provide units and
FY 2013 Changes (+$1.5 million): The personnel to augment active Coast Guard
$1.5 million increase in Operating forces during critical events. RT funds are
Expenses is attributable to increases in used to support Selected Reserve personnel
military and civilian pay and benefits, who in turn support and operate facilities,
annualization of FY 2012 increases, maintain capital equipment, improve
operating funds for newly acquired management effectiveness, and assist in
assets delivered through Coast Guard sustaining all operations.
recapitalization programs, and
increased funding for unit and depot FY 2013 Changes (+$0.3 million): The
level maintenance projects. FY 2013 budget includes an increase of
$0.3 million for drug‐related RT. RT
Research and Development funds are used to support Selected
Total FY 2013 Request: $2.6 million Reserve personnel, who in turn support
(Reflects $1.5 million decrease from FY 2012 and operate facilities, maintain capital
enacted level)
equipment, improve management
RDT&E funding generally supports all eleven
effectiveness, and assist in sustaining all
statutorily mandated Coast Guard missions.
operations. In the RT budget, allocating
These mission‐programs in turn directly
a share of budget authority using the
support the Coast Guard’s role as the
same methodology used for OE derives
principal Federal agency for ensuring
the amount allocated to the drug
maritime safety, security, and
control mission area.
environmental stewardship.
FY 2013 Changes (‐$1.5 million): FY PERFORMANCE
2013 resources will continue to support This section on the FY 2011 performance of
the development of technologies to the USCG program is based on agency GPRA
improve detection of hidden documents and USCG data. The USCG did
contraband; improve tactical not complete any independent program
communications systems to improve evaluations or assessments of its drug
interagency coordination, command interdiction in FY 2011. The last
and control; and develop technologies independent program evaluation was
that give operational commanders a completed by the Center of Naval Analyses
wider range of options to stop fleeing (CNA). The USCG changed the methodology
vessels. for measuring drug interdiction
performance, its primary outcome, in FY
Reserve Training 2009, thus successfully implementing one
Total FY 2013 Request: $15.1 million of the recommendations from the CNA
(Reflects $0.3 million increase over FY 2012 enacted report.
level)
RT funding generally supports all eleven
Coast Guard missions. RT provides trained
units and qualified personnel for service in
times of war or national emergency. In
addition, Coast Guard Reserves are
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 137
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Actual
» Removal Rate for Cocaine from Non‐commercial Vessels in Maritime 15.5% 11.6%
Transit Zone
» Metric tons of cocaine removed ≥ 159.7 75.5
Discussion
The USCG continues to use the 2011 non‐commercial maritime flow, the
Consolidated Counter Drug Database Coast Guard removed 75.5 Metric Tons
(CCDB) as its source for tracking cocaine (MT) of cocaine, down from its FY 2010
movement estimates. The CCDB quarterly total of 91.8 MT. Relative to the total
event‐based estimates are the best estimated movement of non‐commercial
available authoritative source for estimating cocaine destined to the United States in FY
illicit drug flow through the transit zone. 2011 captured in the CCDB, the Coast Guard
These estimates permit the USCG to removed 11.6 percent of this estimated
objectively evaluate its performance on a flow, falling short of its target of 15.5
quarterly basis. percent. Comparatively, the Coast Guard’s
cocaine removal rate was 13.5 percent in FY
In FY 2011 the USCG removed over 166,000 2010.
pounds of cocaine and 39,000 pounds of
marijuana, detained 191 suspected Although the total number of USGC
smugglers and seized 40 vessels in FY 2011. interdiction and disruption events (for all
The Coast Guard successfully enacted drugs) increased slightly in FY 2011 (122 in
bilateral agreements and operational FY 2010 to 129 in FY 2011), the number of
procedures to interdict a majority of these USCG cocaine removal events dropped in FY
foreign flagged vessels (37 out of the 40) 2011 (97 in FY 2010 to 90 in FY 2011). In
and detainees (185 out of the 191 the DHS Fiscal Year 2011 Statement of
suspected smugglers). Intent, the USCG planned to provide 2,190
cutter days and 4,700 Maritime Patrol
Moreover, the deployment of Coast Guard Aircraft (MPA) hours to JIATF‐S, but
Law Enforcement Detachments (LEDETs) provided only 83 percent of intended cutter
aboard Allied and U.S. Naval warships days (1,823) and 94 percent of intended
accounted for over 16 percent of total fiscal MPA hours (4,416) in FY 2011.
year cocaine removals. In FY 2011, LEDETs
removed over 25,000 pounds of cocaine, The following contributed to the Coast
detained 31 suspected smugglers, and Guard falling short of its FY 2011 Cocaine
seized seven vessels. Removal Rate target:
Smaller average load size per USCG
In FY 2011, there was an observed cocaine removal event (839 kg in FY
reduction in cocaine flow being smuggled 2011 compared to 946 kg in FY 2010);
through the transit zone via non‐ Increasingly sophisticated and evolving
commercial means (652 MT in FY 2011 Transnational Criminal Organization
compared to 682 MT in FY 2010). Of the FY
138 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
tactics (e.g. greater use of self‐propelled Counter Drug hidden compartment
semi‐ and fully‐submersibles); and, detection course at the Maritime Law
Reduced availability of surface and air Enforcement Academy in FY 2012, to
(detection and interdiction) assets. improve boarding teams’ ability to
investigate, search, locate, and access
The national cocaine interdiction goal, first hidden compartments on suspect vessels.
established in 2007, calls for removing 40
percent of documented cocaine moving With go‐fast type vessels remaining the
through the transit zone by 2015. Annual primary means of conveyance by Drug
national interim targets, increasing by 2 Trafficking Organizations (DTOs) operating
percentage points per year, were in and around the littorals, the USCG will
established to incrementally bridge the gap continue to expand its use of bilateral
between the historical 24 percent average agreements, as well as provide training
removal rate and the 40 percent goal. U.S. programs and engage in professional
law enforcement, working in conjunction exchanges to enhance partner nation
with Joint Interagency Task Force South capability. Such engagement strengthens
(JIATF‐South) and partner nation forces, ties with source and transit zone partner
continue to pursue the goal of 40 percent nations and increases their maritime law
removal by 2015. The USCG’s target for FY enforcement competency and capability
2012 is to remove 16.5 percent of the throughout the transit zone.
national interim FY 2012 target of 34
percent of the cocaine moving via non‐
commercial maritime means towards the
United States. The USCG works
cooperatively with other Federal agencies
to carry out the National Drug Control
Strategy, including support for the JIATF‐S
counter drug detection and monitoring
mission. To sustain interdiction capability
and capacity, two National Security Cutters
(Coast Guard Cutters BERTHOLF and
WAESCHE) will be available for deployment
to the JIATF‐S Area of Responsibility (AOR).
The Coast Guard will continue to pursue
expansion of Airborne Use of Force
capability. The Coast Guard’s Research and
Development Center is creating a visible
marking device to assist in the recovery of
jettisoned contraband, facilitating an
increase in actionable intelligence to create
additional prosecutions as well as more
accurate load size estimates within the
CCDB. The Coast Guard will continue its
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 139
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Office of Community Planning and Development
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Treatment $464.200 $446.000 $542.400
Total Drug Resources by Function $464.200 $446.000 $542.400
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Continuum of Care: Homeless Assistance Grants $464.200 $446.000 $542.400
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $464.200 $446.000 $542.400
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 0 0 0
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $45.3 $43.3 $44.8
Drug Resources Percentage 1.1% 1.0% 1.4%
Program Summary
MISSION environments and a drug‐free home as
The President’s National Drug Control necessary elements to substance abuse
Strategy (Strategy) calls for Federal support recovery. For persons in recovery,
to reducing barriers to recovery from structured and supportive housing
substance abuse addiction. Lack of housing promotes healthy recovery outcomes.
creates a sense of hopelessness for those
abusing substances and presents a barrier METHODOLOGY
to maintaining recovery. The Strategy The Office of Special Needs Assistance
specifically calls for programs to prevent Programs in the Department of Housing and
homelessness as a step toward recovery Urban Development (HUD) does not have a
from addiction. It identifies stable and specific appropriation for drug‐related
affordable housing is often identified as the activities. Many of their programs target
most difficult barrier for individuals to the most vulnerable citizens in our
overcome when released from prison or jail communities‐ individuals with chronic
and calls for support for housing this special mental health and/or substance abuse
population. Also it identifies supportive issues, persons living with HIV/AIDS, and
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 143
formerly incarcerated individuals. The chronic problems with alcohol and/or
percentage of clients with a substance drugs, and HIV/AIDS or related diseases)
abuse problem is reported by HUD and their dependent families who are living
annually, with the most recent data taken in places not intended for human habitation
from HUD’s 2010 Annual Homeless (e.g., streets) or in emergency shelters.
Assessment Report to Congress; it showed
that 28 percent of those using HUD FY 2013 Changes (+$96.4 million): The
supported temporary housing have a overall Continuum of Care budget
demonstrated substance abuse disability. proposes an increase to support
The Special Needs Assistance Program additional housing and assistance
accounting system is tied to operating and through the implementation of various
supportive services costs rather than to programs funded across the county.
specific characteristics of the population
served (i.e., substance use disorders). PERFORMANCE
This performance section of the drug
BUDGET SUMMARY control mission of HUD’s Office of Special
The FY 2013 total drug control estimate for Needs Assistance Programs is based on FY
Continuum of Care is $542.4 million, an 2010 data collected from programs
increase of $96.4 million over the FY 2012 receiving funding through the annual
enacted level. Continuum of Care competition.
Continuum of Care – Homeless
Assistance Grants
Total FY 2013 estimate: $542.4 million
(Reflects $96.4 million increase from FY
2012)
HUD’s Homeless Assistance Grants are
funded through the Continuum of Care.
States, cities, and counties apply for funding
through the Continuum of Care competitive
process to provide services through three
specific programs:
Supportive Housing Program (SHP)
Shelter Plus Care (SPC) Program
Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation for
Single Room Occupancy (SRO) Program.
The Continuum of Care funded programs
are designed to provide housing and
supportive services on a long‐term basis for
homeless persons with disabilities,
(primarily those with serious mental illness,
144 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Supportive Housing Program (SHP), Shelter Plus Care (S+C), and
Single Room Occupancy Program (SRO)
FY 2010 FY 2010
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Increase the percentage of participants exiting CoC‐ 65% 71%
funded transitional housing that move into permanent
housing to 65 percent or more.
» Increase the number of participants remaining in CoC‐ 77% 81.3%
funded permanent housing projects for at least 6 months
to 77 percent or more.
» Projected number of participants who report substance N/A 60,072
abuse as a barrier to housing to be served in CoC‐funded 28% of total
projects. served
Discussion percent of the total population served in
The goal of the CoC Homeless Assistance CoC‐funded programs. The percentage of
Programs is to reduce the incidence of households moving from transitional
homelessness in CoC communities, by housing to permanent housing (61.1%)
assisting homeless individuals and families nearly reached the HUD goal of 65 percent
in quickly transitioning to self‐sufficiency and the percentage of households
and permanent housing, as authorized remaining in permanent housing more than
under Title IV of the McKinney‐Vento 6 months (79.4%) exceeded the HUD goal of
Homeless Assistance Act. The CoC Homeless 77 percent.
Assistance Programs include the Supportive
Housing (SHP) Program, Shelter Plus Care
(S+C) Program, and the Section 8 Moderate
Rehabilitation for Single Room Occupancy
(SRO) Program.
In FY2010, HUD CoC‐funded grantees made
substantial progress in meeting
performance measures around moving
households from transitional housing into
permanent housing and increasing the
number of households who remain in
permanent housing, thus who continue to
receive support to maintain stability. In
FY2010, grantees projected serving 60,072
individuals with chronic alcohol and/or
other substance abuse problems, or 28
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 145
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Investigations $10.000 $10.000 $10.000
Total Drug Resources by Function $10.000 $10.000 $10.000
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Drug Initiative $10.000 $10.000 $10.000
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $10.000 $10.000 $10.000
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 45 45 45
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $2.594 $2.531 $2.527
Drug Resources Percentage 0.40% 0.42% 0.40%
Program Summary
MISSION special initiative line allows the OJS to
The mission of the Bureau of Indian Affairs specifically track drug‐related funding.
(BIA) is to promote economic opportunity,
enhance the quality of life, and protect and BUDGET SUMMARY
improve the trust assets of American In FY 2013, BIA requests $10.0 million for
Indians, Indian tribes, and Alaska Natives. the Drug Initiative, which represents no
change from the FY 2012 enacted level.
The BIA’s Office of Justice Services (OJS)
directly operates or funds law enforcement, Drug Initiative
tribal courts, and detention facilities on Total FY 2013 Request: $10.0 million
Federal Indian lands. The mission of the (Reflects no change from FY 2012)
OJS is to uphold tribal sovereignty and The drug trafficking and related activity in
customs and provide for the safety of Indian Indian country is a major contributor to
communities affected by drug abuse. violent crime and poses serious health and
economic difficulties on Indian
METHODOLOGY communities. Requested funding will
The Drug Initiative is funded within the Law support drug enforcement efforts that
Enforcement sub‐activity which supports allow Drug Enforcement Officers (DEOs) to
initiatives involving drug enforcement. The manage investigations and implement
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 149
interdiction programs focused on reducing crimes. The protection of witnesses and
the effects of drugs and related crime in victims is essential during drug
Indian country. The activities performed by investigations, and VWS can provide this
DEOs include eradicating marijuana needed attention to victims and witnesses
cultivation, conducting complex criminal at the local level when other resources are
investigations, carrying out surveillance of not available. Additionally, VWS staff
criminals, infiltrating drug trafficking provides guidance to tribes in developing
networks, and establishing and maintaining their own VWS programs. VWS also
cooperative relationships with other includes an effort to assess existing
Federal, state, local, and tribal law victim/witness programs and expand this
enforcement organizations in the efforts program to all BIA law enforcement
against substance abuse. districts.
In addition, the School Resource Officer FY 2013 Changes (no change): The
(SRO) program has become an important requested funding (Drug Enforcement
part of the OJS Drug Initiative with more ($8.0 million), Victim Witness
than 100 schools servicing Indian Country. Coordination ($1.0 million), and
SRO positions serve as the initial contact Intelligence Sharing ($1.0 million)) will
with students, educating them on the continue to address the highly visible
negative aspects of illegal drug use and drug crisis in Indian country through the
gang activity within the students’ expansion of the drug program and
environment. Eighteen SRO positions are training for Bureau and Tribal officers.
funded throughout Indian country, and the
program provides instruction in drug PERFORMANCE
awareness and gang resistance using a This section on the FY 2011 performance of
structured curriculum. These positions play BIA’s program is based on agency GPRA
a key role in providing visual deterrent and documents, and other agency information.
identifying potential threats of school The table includes performance measures,
violence. targets, and achievements for the latest
year for which data are available.
The budget request also supports the
Intelligence group tasked with intelligence
gathering, reporting, and investigative
support needed in all parts of Indian
country for assistance in drug
investigations. With this component,
national, regional, and local threat
assessments can be established and
presented to law enforcement agencies
working on or near Indian country.
The Victim/Witness Services (VWS) program
provides needed support to cooperative
witnesses and victims of violent and drug
150 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Bureau of Indian Affairs
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
»
» Number of drug cases worked 699* 1,605*
» Amount of drugs seized: Meth (ICE) 41.68 lb 14.00 lb
» Amount of drugs seized: Meth (powder) 0.74 lb 0.14 lb
» Amount of drugs seized: Cocaine (Crack) 8.44 lb 0.43 lb
» Amount of drugs seized: Cocaine (Powder) 108.66 lb 7.73 lb
» Amount of drugs seized: Prescription drugs 53.19 lb 14.89 lb
» Amount of drugs seized: Heroin 0.08 lb 0.02 lb
» Amount of drugs seized: Marijuana (processed) 4,243 lb 2,895.86 lb
» Amount of drugs seized: Marijuana (plants) 41,197 87,843
» Amount of drugs seized: MDMA (Ecstasy) 0.15 lb 0.22 lb
* Includes cases reported by tribes.
Discussion
In 2011, to keep BIA Division of Drug illegal narcotics to Tribal members who
Enforcement (DDE) Agents in a position to travel just off the reservation to purchase
work drug investigations, DDE did not the narcotics and then travel back to the
provide drug‐related training for patrol reservation, making it difficult at times to
officers. To better address this training conduct undercover buys and seize
need, this responsibility was transitioned to significant amounts of narcotics on the
the Indian Police Academy to facilitate all reservation. BIA’s DDE agents continue to
drug‐related training with the support of investigate highly technical court ordered
DDE Agents. This new focus has been Title III wire intercepts, Organized Crime
implemented for FY 2012 and will produce a Drug Enforcement Task Forces (OCDETF)
significant increase over previous years of cases, and Racketeer Influenced and
patrol officers who received drug‐related Corrupt Organizations (RICO) cases.
training. Generally these types of investigations
result in more case openings and less drug
BIA continued to see an increase in drug seizures but generate more Indian country
activity on lands under its jurisdiction. The arrests, creating a more sustained local
table reflects investigative activity with a impact on the availability of drugs.
focus on complex conspiracy‐type
investigations, which do not always lead to As a result of the complex investigations
large seizures of illegal substances at the conducted in FY 2011, fewer seizure
end of the investigation. BIA DDE also amounts were reported but reflected
worked with DEA and other Federal, state, historically larger amounts of narcotics
and local task forces to target the being displaced from the local Indian
distribution sources of illegal narcotics communities on the reservation. In these
located near Indian Reservations. In some types of cases, the mid‐level and upper‐
instances these suppliers live and sell the level suppliers of the narcotics were
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 151
indicted, disrupting the flow of illicit drugs
in many of the areas where law
enforcement previously opened drug
related cases.
In FY2011, marijuana eradication numbers
doubled from 2010. Marijuana gardens
involving more than 9,000 plants were
found in Yakama Indian Reservation,
Washington; Colville Indian Reservation,
Washington; and Caddo Indian Trust Land,
Oklahoma. Detection and eradication was
facilitated by partnerships the DDE
established with tribal police departments.
A majority of marijuana eradication
operations are conducted in rugged,
mountainous terrain generally without
infrastructure for radio communication.
Although the table shows marijuana plant
seizures increased in FY2011, there was a
decrease in the seizure of
methamphetamine and cocaine in Indian
Country. The targets for FY2011 were
based on previous year investigative
seizures, prior to the increase in opening a
larger number of the complex conspiracy
type investigations in FY2011. However,
drug‐related arrests in FY2011 increased 64
percent from the previous year.
BIA continues to build the Indian country
Intelligence program to provide a solid
intelligence network for tribal, Federal,
state, and local law enforcement to work
collaboratively on information‐sharing
related to illegal drug activities or other law
violations.
152 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Bureau of Land Management
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2011 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Interdiction $0.408 $0.408 $0.408
Investigations 4.080 4.080 4.080
State and Local Assistance 0.612 0.612 0.612
Total Drug Resources by Function $5.100 $5.100 $5.100
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Resources Protection & Law Enforcement $5.100 $5.100 $5.100
Total Drug Resources by Function $5.100 $5.100 $5.100
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 20 20 20
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $1.125 $1.128 $1.127
Drug Resources Percentage 0.44% 0.45% 0.45%
Program Summary
MISSION Resource Protection and Law Enforcement
The overall mission of the Bureau of Land sub‐activity includes $5.1 million for drug
Management (BLM) is to sustain the health, enforcement efforts, which primarily focus
diversity, and productivity of the public on identifying, investigating, and
lands for the use and enjoyment of present eradicating marijuana cultivation on Public
and future generations. The Resource Lands and rehabilitating cultivation sites.
Protection and Law Enforcement Program
works to identify, investigate, disrupt, and BUDGET SUMMARY
dismantle marijuana cultivation/smuggling In FY 2013, the total drug control request
activities on public lands, eradicate for the BLM is $5.1 million, which is
marijuana cultivation sites, and increase unchanged from the FY 2012 enacted level.
clean up and restoration capacity on public Due to large scale marijuana cultivation
lands affected by marijuana cultivation. activities, funds are directed primarily to
BLM‐managed public lands in California and
METHODOLOGY Oregon. Funds are also directed to Idaho,
Since FY 2010, the Bureau of Land Nevada, and Utah due to increased large
Management’s annual appropriation in the scale marijuana cultivation activities linked
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 153
to drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) in BLM Resource Protection and Law
California and Oregon, and to Arizona and Enforcement Program ‐ is based on agency
New Mexico in efforts to reduce the impact GPRA documents and other agency‐
to public safety and resources resulting maintained data. The FY 2011 performance
from illegal smuggling activity. information for this program is provided
below.
Resources Protection and Law
Enforcement
Total FY 2012 Request: $5.1 million
(Reflects no change from FY 2010)
The Resource Protection and Law
Enforcement Program disrupts marijuana
cultivation/smuggling through the
application of the following tactical
strategies:
Adjustments to operation plans and
investigative strategies as the season
develops based on continuing
collection, sharing, and analysis of
intelligence
Uniformed patrol to deter and detect
cultivation activities
Delayed eradication in targeted areas to
minimize compromising investigations
Investigative focus on areas more likely
to yield arrests of DTO leadership
Working cooperatively with a variety of
Federal, state, and local partners on
multi‐agency investigations and
operations
Cleaning up and rehabilitating
cultivation sites to deter reuse of the
area
FY 2013 Total Changes (no change):
BLM will support public land
management at the same level as in
FY 2012.
PERFORMANCE
This section on the FY 2011 performance
related to the drug control mission of the
154 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Bureau of Land Management
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measure of Performance
Target Achieved
» Number of marijuana plants seized No Target Set 436,455
Discussion
Several factors affected the reduction in the includes active participation in Federal,
number of marijuana plants seized on state, and local task forces including HIDTAs
public lands in FY 2011 (436,455) compared in California and Oregon, DEA‐led Organized
to FY 2010 (900,997). Increased staffing, Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces,
resulting in greater deterrence, probably National Guard Counter Drug Support, and
contributed to this 60 percent reduction. a number of state and local task forces.
Also, the unusually cool weather seen BLM is an active participant on county‐level
during late spring, which is not ideal for interagency teams focused on marijuana
marijuana cultivation, could have investigations, particularly in California and
contributed to reduced activity on the part Oregon. In some cases, BLM is the lead
of growers. Finally, in states with medical agency on operational planning for multi‐
marijuana laws, illegal diversion of indoor agency investigations/operations.
grows to non‐medical uses may have also
reduced the demand for marijuana grown
on public lands.
BLM Special Agents and Rangers are
actively involved in the monitoring and
surveillance of public lands to gain
intelligence about possible marijuana
cultivation activities. Rangers conduct high‐
profile patrols of known cultivation areas to
detect illegal grow operations already
underway and in some cases, to deter
cultivation activities. Special Agents employ
covert techniques including cameras and
visual surveillance to detect and assess
early‐season activities. Through
participation in a number of marijuana‐
focused interagency task forces and
working teams varies, intelligence is
consistently and actively shared and
analyzed between Federal, state, and local
partners.
Interagency cooperation to pool scarce
resources is widely used by BLM in
marijuana investigation activities. This
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 155
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Interdiction $0.660 $0.660 $0.660
Investigations 2.640 2.640 2.640
Total Drug Resources by Function $3.300 $3.300 $3.300
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
National Park Protection subactivity $3.300 $3.300 $3.300
Total Drug Resources by Function $3.300 $3.300 $3.300
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 25 25 25
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $2.611 $2.580 $2.579
Drug Resources Percentage 0.12% 0.12% 0.13%
Program Summary
MISSION location and actual use of this earmarked
The National Park Service (NPS) works to funding. The NPS utilizes this data,
preserve the resources and values of the combined with annual financial/spending
national park system for the enjoyment, plans, to account for this funding.
education, and inspiration of this and future
generations. The NPS is required to enforce BUDGET SUMMARY
all Federal laws and regulations within all In FY 2013, the total drug control request
park units, allowing the public the for the NPS is $3.3 million, which is
opportunity to enjoy the national park units unchanged from the FY 2012 enacted level.
in a safe manner, providing employees a The National Park Service supports the
safe place of employment, and keeping National Drug Control Strategy through its
resources unimpaired for future investigative and marijuana eradication
generations. efforts to reduce drug production and
availability.
METHODOLOGY
The National Park Service does not have a
specific appropriation for drug control.
NPS’s cost management system verifies the
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 157
National Park Protection Subactivity (DTOs). The DTOs have demonstrated the
Total FY 2013 Request: $3.3 million capability to adapt their operations, and
(Reflects no change from FY 2012) NPS will thus expand the Plan as cannabis
Many national parks are located cultivation activities move into regions such
along international borders that are as the Rocky Mountains and eastern United
plagued with problems such as drug States.
trafficking, illegal immigration, and
possible terrorist movement that FY 2013 Changes (no change): NPS
can threaten park lands and visitors. will support the national park
Through the utilization of law system at the same level as in FY
enforcement park rangers, special 2012.
agents and other Federal, state, and
local law enforcement authorities
and organizations, the NPS works PERFORMANCE
diligently to provide security and This section on the FY 2011 performance of
protection of park resources and the drug control mission of NPS – the Visitor
visitor safety on park lands. Ongoing and Resource Program ‐ is based on agency
efforts at these parks include: GPRA documents and other agency
information. The FY 2011 performance
• Ranger patrols and surveillance information for this program is provided
of roads, trails, and backcountry below.
areas
• Short and long‐term counter‐
smuggling and drug cultivation
investigations and operations
• Barricade construction to
prevent illegal vehicle traffic
• Cooperation and coordination
with the Department of
Homeland Security’s Customs
and Border Protection and other
Federal, state, and local agencies
involved with border security
The NPS efforts include the development of
the Pacific West Region Marijuana
Framework and Goals Plan to combat
marijuana cultivation, as well as addressing
site rehabilitation and reclamation. The Plan
outlines a comprehensive and integrated
approach involving long‐term
investigations, prevention, detection,
eradication, interdiction, and other actions
to dismantle drug trafficking organizations
158 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
NPS Visitor and Resource Protection Program
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measure of Performance
Target Achieved
» Number of marijuana plants seized No Target Set 14,228
Discussion watersheds and ecological systems. As an
example, at Whiskeytown, Santa Monica
In 2011, NPS saw a shift away from growing Mountains and Golden Gate National
marijuana on NPS lands. This is primarily Recreation Areas and Point Reyes National
the result of the increased staffing and Seashore, NPS law enforcement personnel
interdiction pressure applied since 2009. have forged successful partnerships with
Seizures of marijuana plants within park adjoining agencies and now are attacking
boundaries are down by over 80 percent the problem in large areas around the
from the 2010 level of 87,968 plants. In parks. This enhanced perimeter increases
addition, cool temperatures during the late protection of the park lands and visitors
spring of 2011 may have contributed to a within the legislated boundaries.
reduction in activity as growers adapted to
the unusual conditions. In addition to deterring cultivation
activities, road interdiction activities are
The NPS concentrated its efforts on parks in also resulting in significant seizures of illegal
the Pacific West Region in 2011, operating drugs, firearms, and other contraband and
under its Pacific West Region Marijuana are deterring other illegal activities
Framework and Goals Plan for combating including wildlife poaching, vandalism, and
marijuana cultivation. All parks in the region resource theft.
show fewer plants being cultivated,
reflecting success at early interdiction and
detection. For example, Sequoia and Kings
Canyon National Park has built an effective
marijuana interdiction program, resulting in
the lowest number of seizures (1,302
plants) in the past 10 years. Similarly, at
Yosemite National Park, for the first time
since 2005, park law enforcement
personnel detected no grow sites in the
park.
In 2011, with fewer cultivation sites within
parks, NPS law enforcement personnel
were able to perform targeted eradication
operations with partners on adjacent lands.
In most cases, the only access to these sites
was through NPS areas and ecological
impacts from the sites extended to park
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 159
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Assets Forfeiture Fund
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Investigations $159.140 $155.760 $163.550
State and Local Assistance 55.522 69.000 72.450
Total Drug Resources by Function $214.662 $224.760 $236.000
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Asset Forfeiture $214.662 $224.760 $236.000
Total Drug Resources by Function $214.662 $224.760 $236.000
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 0 0 0
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $1.625 $3.727 $1.408
Drug Resources Percentage 13.2% 6.0% 16.8%
Program Summary
MISSION METHODOLOGY
The mission of the Assets Forfeiture Fund The AFF’s state and local assistance is
(AFF) is to enforce Federal laws, and to allocated through the Joint Law
prevent and reduce crime by disrupting and Enforcement (JLEO) Program Operations
dismantling criminal organizations through Expense. All AFF drug‐related investigative
the use of civil and criminal forfeiture. funding for the Drug Enforcement
Public Law 102‐393, referred to as the 1993 Administration (DEA) and the Interagency
Treasury Appropriations Act, amended Title Crime and Drug Enforcement (OCDETF) are
28 U.S.C. 524(c), enacted new authority for allocated in the following Program
the Fund to pay for "overtime, travel, fuel, Operations Expenses: Investigative Cost
training, equipment, and other similar costs Leading to Seizure, Awards Based on
of state or local law enforcement officers Forfeiture, Contract to Identify Assets,
that are incurred in a joint law enforcement Special Contract Services, and Case Related
operation with a Federal law enforcement Expenses.
agency participating in the Fund." Such
cooperative efforts have significant BUDGET SUMMARY
potential to benefit Federal, state, and local The FY 2013 budget request for the Asset
law enforcement efforts. Forfeiture Funds (AFF) is $236.0 million, an
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 163
increase of $11.2 million over the FY 2012 continue to support the drug‐related
enacted level. investigative activities of the DEA and
OCDETF.
Asset Forfeiture
Total FY 2013 Request: $236.0 million PERFORMANCE
(Reflects $11.2 million increase over FY 2012 This section on the FY 2011 performance of
enacted level)
the drug control mission of the AFF within
Asset Forfeiture Funds are allocated to DEA
the Department of Justice is based on data
and OCDETF to carry out their drug‐related
from the Attorney General’s Management
activities. The request for DEA and OCDETF
Initiatives – To improve Department‐wide
investigative activities is $163.6 million, an
Financial Performance and the President’s
increase of $7.8 million over the FY 2012
Management Agenda Initiative to Improve
enacted level. Additionally, DEA and
Financial Performance. A component of the
OCDETF state and local assistance funding is
AFF’s mission is to provide support to the
approximately $72.5 million, an increase of
Drug Enforcement Administration and the
$3.5 million over the FY 2012 enacted level.
Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task
Force.
FY 2013 Changes (+$11.2 million): The
Asset Forfeiture Funds request will
Assets Forfeiture Fund
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measure of Performance
Target Achieved
» Achieve effective funds control as corroborated by an unqualified 100% 100%
opinion on the AFF financial statements
Discussion Enabling portfolio management through
The challenges that have an impact on advanced ah‐hoc reporting capabilities
achievement of the AFF goal are complex
and dynamic. These challenges are both The AFF is also coordinating, and
external and internal and include changes in implementing new systems business rules
legislation, technology, and the cooperation to accommodate emerging and evolving
of all participating organizations. departmental and Congressional directives,
such as proposed new directives to publish
Internally, the AFF is working with the public notices on an internet site.
participating agencies to enhance financial
and property management capabilities.
These efforts include coordination with AFF
participating agencies on:
Preemptive identification, mitigation,
and resolution of potential audit issues
Continuation of data integrity and
confidence efforts within collection
systems
164 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Bureau of Prisons
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Corrections $3,194.326 $3,303.408 $3,407.957
Treatment 93.321 93.508 109.313
Total Drug Resources by Function $3,287.647 $3,396.916 $3,517.270
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Contract Confinement $506.360 $528.428 $550.906
Inmate Care and Programs 1,211.354 1,276.012 1,340.286
Institution Security and Administration 1,414.101 1,463.187 1,510.325
Management and Administration 105.562 106.429 103.513
Modernization and Repair 37.400 34.018 37.341
New Construction¹ 12.870 (11.158) (25.101)
Total Drug Resources by Function $3,287.647 $3,396.916 $3,517.270
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 18,172 18,594 18,835
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $6.4 $6.6 $6.8
Drug Resources Percentage 51.5% 51.5% 51.4%
¹The Bureau of Prisons is proposing a rescission of its new construction funding totaling $75 million, of which $25.1
million is scored as drug‐related.
Program Summary
MISSION protect public safety through the secure
The mission of the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) and safe confinement of inmates; the
is to protect society by confining offenders second addresses the obligation to help
in the controlled environments of prisons inmates prepare to return to their
and community‐based facilities that are communities and remain crime free.
safe, humane, cost‐efficient, appropriately Preparing inmates for eventual release to
secure, and that provide work and other the community has been one of BOP’s key
self‐improvement opportunities to assist objectives. The BOP’s drug treatment
offenders in becoming law‐abiding citizens. program facilitates the reintegration of
inmates into society, consistent with
The BOP’s mission statement has two parts: community expectations and standards.
the first addresses the obligation to help Treatment Programs assist inmates in
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 165
identifying, confronting, and altering the services, release clothing, transportation,
attitudes, values, and thinking patterns that gratuities, staff salaries, and operational
led to criminal behavior and drug use. costs of functions directly related to
providing inmate care.
METHODOLOGY
The costs for incarcerating drug‐related Institution Security and Administration
offenders, and the costs of drug treatment Institution Security and Administration
programs are scored as drug‐control. Drug covers costs associated with maintenance
Treatment efforts are funded through a of facilities and institution security, which
distinct program. Corrections costs are also includes motor pool operations,
based on the percentage of inmates powerhouse operations, and other
currently incarcerated or projected to be administrative functions.
incarcerated for drug convictions.
Contract Confinement
BUDGET SUMMARY Contract Confinement provides for the
The FY 2013 drug‐related request includes confinement of sentenced Federal
resources of $3,517.3 million, an increase of offenders in a government‐owned,
$120.4 million over the FY 2012 enacted contractor‐operated facility, state, local,
level. and private contract facilities and contract
community residential centers.
Corrections Activities
Total FY 2013 Request: $3,407.9 million
Management and Administration
(Reflects $104.5 million increase over FY 2012 Management and Administration covers
enacted level) costs associated with general
At the end of FY 2011, there were nearly administration and oversight functions, and
218,000 inmates for whom BOP provided provides funding for the central office, six
custodial care. The majority of Federal regional offices, and staff training centers.
inmates are in BOP facilities, but others are
housed in privately operated facilities, Buildings and Facilities (B&F) includes new
Residential Reentry Centers (halfway construction as well as modernization and
houses), and bed space secured through repair costs. The B&F has two decision
Intergovernmental Agreements with state units:
and local entities.
New Construction
Salaries and Expenses (S&E) covers the New Construction includes the costs
necessary expenditures for the associated with land and building
administration, operation, and acquisition, new prison construction, and
maintenance of Federal penal and leasing the Oklahoma Airport Trust Facility,
correctional institutions and contract care. which serves as a Bureau‐wide transfer and
The S&E has four decision units: processing center.
Inmate Care and Programs Modernization and Repair
Inmate Care and Programs covers the costs Modernization and Repair includes costs
of food, medical supplies, clothing, welfare associated with rehabilitation,
166 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
modernization, and repair of existing objective is to reduce the likelihood of
Bureau‐owned buildings and other inmates relapsing to drug use and criminal
structures in order to meet legal activity.
requirements and accommodate
correctional programs. FY 2013 resources will support BOP’s drug
treatment programs. According to the
FY 2013 Changes (+$104.5 million): BOP’s Annual Report on Substance Abuse
Program initiatives include Programs for FY 2010, approximately 40
enhancements to begin the activation percent of new inmates entering BOP
process for two institutions (United custody have been diagnosed with a drug
States Penitentiary at Yazoo City, use disorder. Accordingly, BOP continues
Mississippi, and the Federal to develop a strong and comprehensive
Correctional Institution at Hazelton, drug abuse treatment strategy consisting
West Virginia) and to acquire 1,000 of: screening and assessment, drug abuse
private contract beds. The budget education, prevention, intervention, non‐
includes offsets for: a proposed residential drug abuse treatment services,
legislative initiative that would allow residential drug abuse treatment
additional Good Conduct Time for programming, and community transitional
inmates; expanding the compassionate drug abuse treatment.
release program; information
technology savings; and reorganization Drug Program Screening and Assessment
of administrative operations. Upon entering a BOP facility, an inmate’s
Additionally, BOP is proposing a records are assessed to determine whether
cancellation of its new construction there is evidence in the pre‐sentence
funding totaling $75 million, of which investigation that alcohol or other drug use
$25.1 million is scored as drug‐related. contributed to the commission of the
offenses, the inmate received a judicial
Treatment Activities recommendation to participate in a drug
Total FY 2013 Request: $109.3 million treatment program, or the inmate violated
(Reflects $15.8 million increase over FY 2012 his or her community supervision as a result
enacted level) of alcohol or other drug use. If an inmate’s
The Violent Crime Control and Law record reveals any of these elements, the
Enforcement Act of 1994 requires the BOP inmate must participate in a Drug Abuse
(subject to the availability of funds) to Education course available at every BOP
provide residential substance abuse institution. In addition, as part of the initial
treatment to all eligible inmates. There is psychological screening, inmates are
enormous demand for these services in part interviewed about their past drug use to
because of the potential for some non‐ determine their need for BOP drug abuse
violent offenders to earn a reduction in treatment options.
sentence following the successful
completion of the program. The treatment Drug Abuse Education
strategy often begins with drug abuse Participants in the Drug Abuse Education
education and can end with the strong course receive factual information on the
community transition component. The relationship between drug use and crime;
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 167
how alcohol and drug usage present preparing to return to the community. In
consequences that are physical, social, and FY 2013, the BOP estimates that it will
psychological; how choice is a factor in drug provide Non‐residential Drug Abuse
use; and its impact on one’s health, family Treatment to 16,000 inmates.
and community. Drug Abuse Education
participants are also informed of program Residential Drug Abuse Treatment Program
options available to them in the Bureau and (RDAP)
are encouraged to volunteer for RDAP provides intensive drug abuse
appropriate programs. In FY 2013, the BOP treatment to inmates diagnosed with a drug
estimates that 30,000 inmates will use disorder. At present, 63 sites offer the
participate in Drug Abuse Education RDAP – 62 at BOP institutions and one
programming. contract facility. The programs are staffed
by a licensed psychologist (the Drug
Non‐residential Drug Abuse Treatment Program Coordinator) who supervises the
Non‐residential treatment is designed to treatment staff. The average ratio of drug
provide maximum flexibility to meet the abuse treatment staff to inmates is 1 to 24.
needs of the offenders, particularly those Inmates in the residential program are
individuals who have relatively minor or housed in a treatment unit that is set apart
low‐level substance abuse impairment. from the general population. Treatment is
These offenders do not require the provided for a minimum of 500 hours over
intensive level of treatment needed by a 9‐ to 12‐month period.
individuals with moderate‐to‐severe
addictive behavioral problems. Unlike The BOP’s RDAP program adheres to a
residential programs, inmates are not cognitive behavior therapy treatment
housed together in a separate unit, but model. This treatment model targets the
housed in and with the general inmate major criminal drug‐using risk factors,
population. Non‐residential drug abuse especially anti‐social and pro‐criminal
treatment participants receive cognitive attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors.
behavior therapy based treatment Using evidence‐based practices, the BOP
protocols that focus on thinking errors that targets these behaviors by reducing anti‐
lead to drug use; including both cognitive social peer associations; promoting positive
and criminal thinking errors. relationships; increasing self‐control, self‐
management, and problem solving skills;
A second purpose of non‐residential drug and ending drug use. In FY 2013, the BOP
abuse treatment is to provide offenders estimates that 19,000 inmates will
who have a moderate‐to‐severe drug abuse participate in the Residential Drug Abuse
problem with supportive program Treatment Program.
opportunities during the time waiting to
enter the residential drug abuse treatment Community Transition Drug Abuse
program, to support those who require Treatment
follow‐up treatment after completion of the Community transitional drug abuse
Residential Drug Abuse Program, or to treatment (TDAT) is the final component of
support those who have little time the BOP’s RDAP. In order to successfully
remaining on their sentence and are complete all components of RDAP, the
168 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
inmate must be transferred to a Residential FY 2013 Changes (+15.8 million): The
Reentry Center (RRC), also known as a FY 2013 request provides for expansion
Halfway House, or to Home Detention (HD). of BOP’s drug abuse treatment program
While residing in the RRC or HD, RDAP capability, providing residential
participants are involved in contract substance abuse treatment to all
community‐based drug treatment. This eligible inmates.
requirement keeps the inmate fully
engaged in treatment while still in the PERFORMANCE
custody of the Bureau. In addition, This section on the FY 2011 performance of
offenders who did not have an opportunity BOP’s program is based on agency
to participate in RDAP may be referred to performance documents, and other agency
TDAT by community corrections staff. In FY information. The table below includes
2013, 17,000 inmates are projected to selected performance measures, targets
participate in this program. and achievements.
Bureau of Prisons
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Number of inmates participating in Residential Drug Abuse 18,500 18,527
Treatment
» Number of inmates participating in Nonresidential Drug Abuse 15,000 15,211
Treatment
Discussion
In response to the rapid growth of Federal 15,211 inmates participated in the
inmates with a diagnosis of a drug use Nonresidential Drug Treatment program.
disorder (approximately 40 percent of
inmates entering the Federal prisons), the In FY 2011, the BOP provided RDAP to 100
BOP continues to develop evidence based percent of the Federal inmate population
treatment practices to manage and treat that was eligible for treatment.
inmates with drug use disorders. The BOP’s
strategy includes early identification, BOP will continue to coordinate mental
intervention, and treatment through health treatment and drug abuse treatment
psychology screening, drug education, for offenders with co‐occurring disorders.
nonresidential drug abuse treatment, In addition, inmates with behavioral
intensive residential drug abuse treatment, disorders, such as sex offenders, who also
and community transition treatment. have co‐occurring substance use disorders
will continue to receive transitional
Currently, 62 BOP institutions operate a community treatment, combining
RDAP. In addition, one private facility supervision with ongoing drug abuse
under contract with the BOP also provides treatment while residing in Residential Re‐
the RDAP program. In FY 2011, the BOP entry Centers.
provided RDAP to 18,527 inmates, and
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 169
BOP continues its policy on all Psychology
Treatment Programs to follow “evidence‐
based” treatment practices. This policy is
working to ensure all Bureau psychology
programs are effective in positively
changing inmate behavior.
The principal goal of treatment is to equip
the inmates with the cognitive, emotional,
self‐regulation and behavioral skills
necessary to choose and maintain a drug‐
free and crime‐free lifestyle following
release from prison.
The BOP evaluates major correctional
programs that are designed to improve
inmate reentry and thereby enhance public
safety. The BOP conducted a rigorous 3‐
year outcome study of the residential drug
abuse treatment program beginning in
1991. The results indicated that male
participants are 16 percent less likely to
recidivate and 15 percent less likely to
relapse than similarly situated inmates who
did not participate in RDAP. Female
inmates are found to be 18 percent less
likely to recidivate than inmates who did
not participate in treatment. FY 2011
statistical analyses validate this earlier study
and conclude that rates of recidivism for
the inmates who graduated from the
residential drug abuse treatment program
are significantly lower than would be
expected for similarly situated inmates who
did not participate.
170 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Criminal Division
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Prosecution $12.310 $12.310 $12.570
Total Drug Resources by Function $12.310 $12.310 $12.570
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Narcotic and Dangerous Drug Section $12.310 $12.310 $12.570
Total Drug Resources by Function $12.310 $12.310 $12.570
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 55 55 55
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $0.174 $0.174 $0.185
Drug Resources Percentage 7.1% 7.1% 6.7%
Program Summary
MISSION focus on disrupting domestic drug
The Criminal Division (CRM) develops, trafficking and production and
enforces, and supervises the application of strengthening international partnerships.
all Federal criminal laws except those
specifically assigned to other divisions. The METHODOLOGY
Division, along with the 94 United States CRM’s drug budget is the funding available
Attorney’s Offices (USAOs), is responsible for the Division’s Narcotic and Dangerous
for overseeing criminal matters under more Drug Section (NDDS). NDDS resources are
than 900 statutes, as well as certain civil 100 percent dedicated to addressing drug
litigation. Criminal Division attorneys uses and its consequences.
prosecute many nationally significant cases.
In addition to its direct litigation BUDGET SUMMARY
responsibilities, the Division formulates and The total drug control request for CRM for
implements criminal enforcement policy FY 2013 is $12.5 million, which is an
and provides advice and assistance to law increase of $0.2 million over the FY 2012
enforcement agencies and USAOs. In enacted level.
executing its mission, the Criminal Division
dedicates specific resources in support of
the National Drug Control Strategy that
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 171
Narcotic and Dangerous Drug sophisticated international criminal
Section organizations and narcoterrorists
Total FY 2013 Request: $12.5 million (i.e., the kingpins and Consolidated
(Reflects $0.2 million increase over FY 2012 Priority Organization Targets), NDDS
enacted level) uses the best intelligence available
The CRM’s NDDS will support to identify those drug trafficking and
reducing the supply of illegal drugs narcoterrorist groups that pose the
in the United States by investigating greatest threat, and then utilizes
and prosecuting priority national resources to investigate them
and international drug trafficking anywhere in the world and to
and narcoterrorists groups and by prosecute them.
providing sound legal, strategic, and
policy guidance in support of that FY 2013 Changes (+0.2 million): The
goal. NDDS provides expert increase reflects inflationary
guidance on counternarcotics adjustments to base.
matters in the interagency,
intelligence and international PERFORMANCE
communities. NDDS develops This section on the FY 2011 performance of
innovative law enforcement and the drug control mission of the CRM within
prosecutorial strategies to counter the Department of Justice is based on
the fast‐paced efforts of organized agency GPRA documents and other agency
international trafficking and information. The FY 2011 performance
narcoterrorists groups. In information for the CRM drug‐related
prosecuting the high level command activities are provided below.
and control elements of
Criminal Division
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measure of Performance
Target Achieved
» Drug‐Related Investigative Matters and Cases Closed (NDDS) 50 41
Discussion
In FY 2011, the Department of Justice’s Alvaro Alvaran‐Velez, who shipped large
CRM had many successes in investigating quantities of cocaine from Colombia and
and prosecuting narcotic cases. Of the 41 Venezuela to Mexico for further distribution
total number of drug‐related investigative into the United States. After an 8‐week jury
matters and cases closed in fiscal year 2011, trial, both defendants were found guilty of
the CRM NDDS concluded 13 successful conspiring to import ton‐quantities of
prosecutions, either through trial or cocaine into the United States.
negotiated pleas, and brought 6 new
indictments. In the first of two other significant cases,
Josue Cuesta Leon, a Colombia and
Included among these prosecutions was the Venezuela‐based trafficker, along with his
conviction of Christian Fernando Borda and subordinate Jose Fernando Romero,
172 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
entered guilty pleas to narco‐terror charges
stemming from their drug trafficking and
weapons activity on behalf of the FARC and
AUC. In the second case, Wilson Jesus
Torres‐Torres and Baudilio Vivero‐Cardenas
each pleaded guilty to conspiring to
transport thousands of kilograms of cocaine
from various ports along the coast of
Colombia to waiting vessels that would
transport the cocaine to the United States
and other countries.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 173
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Drug Enforcement Administration
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Intelligence $199.115 $210.364 $205.213
International 386.563 397.320 393.440
Investigations 1,712.584 1,731.594 1,781.350
Prevention 2.085 2.082 2.133
State and Local Assistance 5.600 5.640 5.731
Total Drug Resources by Function¹ $2,305.947 $2,347.000 $2,387.867
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Diversion Control Fee Account $290.304 $322.000 $352,563
Salaries and Expenses 2,015.643 2,025.000 2,050.904
Domestic Enforcement [1,603.649] [1,601.658] [1,637,179]
International Enforcement [406.394] [417.702] [407,994]
State and Local Assistance [5.600] [5.640] [5.731]
Cancellation of Expired Balances [0.0] [0.0] ‐15,600
Total Drug Resources by Function¹ $2,305.947 $2,347.000 $2,387.867
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 9,597 9,651 9,606
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $2.3 $2.4 $2.4
Drug Resources Percentage 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Program Summary
MISSION recommend and support non‐enforcement
programs aimed at reducing the availability
The Drug Enforcement Administration’s of illicit controlled substances on the
(DEA) mission is to enforce the controlled domestic and international markets.
substances laws and regulations of the
United States and bring to those METHODOLOGY
organizations and principal members of All DEA resources are a scored as a part of
organizations involved in the growing, the National Drug Control Budget.
manufacturing, or distribution of controlled
substances appearing in or destined for
illicit traffic in the United States,; and to
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 175
BUDGET SUMMARY assets involved in the illegal drug trade.
The FY 2013 budget requests $2,403.5 Similar to legitimate businesses, drug
million for DEA’s Salaries and Expenses trafficking organizations have corporate
(S&E) Account and Diversion Control Fee leaders, employees, chemical suppliers,
Account (DCFA), which is an increase of transporters, financial service providers,
$46.5 million over the FY 2012 enacted communication needs, infrastructure, and
level. The FY 2013 President’s Budget assets. The drug trafficking business is
includes a cancellation of $15.6 million in therefore subject to market forces.
DEA’s prior year unobligated expired
balances for DEA’s S&E Account. DEA’s Drug Flow Attack Strategy focuses on
finding and exploiting strategic
vulnerabilities in the drug market. DEA’s
Salaries & Expenses (S&E)
Total FY 2013 Request: $2,050.9 million
strategy relies heavily on intelligence and
(Reflects $25.9 million increase from FY 2012 investigative capabilities to identify
enacted level) significant domestic drug trafficking
DEA’s resources are divided into three organizations and drug facilitators, collect
strategic focus areas to achieve the and maintain in‐depth information
maximum impact against the full spectrum concerning their leadership and operations,
of drug trafficking activities. These focus and establish priorities and develop targets.
areas are: Domestic Enforcement, This strategy emphasizes the disruption or
International Enforcement, and State and complete dismantlement of the
Local Assistance. organizations targeted by DEA domestic
field divisions.
Domestic Enforcement
Total FY 2013 Request: $1,637.2 million FY 2013 Changes (+$35.5 million): The
(Reflects $35.5 million increase over FY 2012 FY 2013 request includes a total of
enacted level)
$23.7 million in proposed DOJ transfers
The Domestic Enforcement Decision Unit
and program realignments. Specifically
comprises the majority of DEA’s
included in these transfers is $8.0
investigative and support resources. These
million and 57 positions that will be
resources, in conjunction with DEA’s foreign
transferred from the National Drug
offices, create a seamless intelligence and
Intelligence Center (NDIC) to DEA. As
investigative web to pursue drug trafficking
directed by the conference report (H.
organizations from multi‐national and poly‐
Report 112‐284) accompanying the
drug conglomerates to independent
Consolidated and Further Continuing
specialty one‐function cells.
Appropriations Act, 2012 (P.L. 112‐55),
the Department of Justice anticipates
DEA continues an aggressive and balanced
closing NDIC and reassigning necessary
domestic enforcement program with a
functions to DEA in FY 2012. The
multi‐jurisdictional approach designed to
funding requested in FY 2013 will allow
focus Federal resources on the disruption or
DEA to continue document and media
dismantlement of drug trafficking
exploitation functions and the
organizations that control the illegal drug
production of high‐priority Strategic
trade and the seizure of the proceeds and
Intelligence products. The FY 2013
176 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
request also includes $25.9 million in in 65 countries; under the policy guidance
base adjustments for the 2013 pay of the Department of State and U.S.
raise, an additional compensable day, Ambassadors, DEA coordinates all programs
employee benefits, facilities, and the involving drug law enforcement in foreign
operation and the operation and countries. DEA also provides intelligence to
maintenance of radios. For FY 2013, a assist the interagency community in
total of $14.1 million and 164 FTE are determining future trends in drug
proposed in offsets, to include general trafficking and evaluating these trends to
administrative efficiencies and program determine their long‐term impact on drug
reductions and eliminations. The 164 trafficking. DEA works closely with the
FTE reductions are associated with United Nations, Interpol, and other
permanently eliminating vacant organizations on matters relating to
positions that have never been filled international drug and chemical control
(hollow FTE). programs.
International Enforcement FY 2013 Changes (‐$9.7 million): The FY
Total FY 2013 Request: $408.0 million 2013 request includes $9.7 million in
(Reflects $9.7 million decrease from FY 2012 offsets related to base adjustments,
enacted level)
general administrative efficiencies and
The focus of DEA’s International
program reductions and eliminations.
Enforcement program is the disruption or
dismantlement of drug trafficking State & Local Assistance
organizations identified as the most Total FY 2013 Request: $5.7 million
significant international drug and precursor (Reflects $0.1 million increase over FY 2012 enacted
chemical trafficking organizations, also level)
known as Priority Targets (PTOs). DEA has the responsibility to respond to
Specifically, DEA Special Agents and clandestine laboratory training
Intelligence Analysts assigned to DEA’s requirements, hazardous waste cleanup,
foreign country offices focus their and cannabis eradication/suppression
investigative efforts on PTOs with a direct needs of the U.S. law enforcement
connection to DOJ’s Consolidated Priority community. DEA supports state and local
Organization Targets (CPOTs), which include law enforcement with methamphetamine‐
the most significant international command related assistance and training, which
and control organizations threatening the allows state and local agencies to better
United States as identified the Organized address the methamphetamine threat in
Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force their communities and reduce the impact
(OCDETF). that methamphetamine has on the quality
of life for American citizens. By providing
As the U.S. government’s single point of training in the techniques of clandestine
contact for coordinating drug investigations laboratory drug enforcement, hazardous
in foreign countries, DEA provides waste cleanup, and cannabis
interagency leadership in the effort to eradication/suppression, DEA is able to
disrupt or dismantle drug trafficking expand drug enforcement across the United
organizations. Currently, DEA has 85 offices States in a very cost‐effective manner.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 177
While these programs are administered by substances or listed chemicals through a
DEA, operational costs for the programs are system of scheduling, quotas,
funded by DOJ’s Community Oriented recordkeeping, reporting, and security
Policing Services (COPS) account and the requirements.
domestic cannabis eradication/suppression
program is funded by DOJ’s Asset Forfeiture FY 2013 Changes (+$30.6 million): The
Fund. FY 2013 request includes base
adjustments and $8.0 million for
FY 2013 Changes (+$0.1 million): The additional staff positions and $6.2
FY 2013 request includes base million for morel state and local Task
adjustments. Force Officers, and administrative
contractors for Officers on Tactical
Diversion Control Diversion Squads.
Total FY 2013 Request: $352.6 million
(Reflects $30.6 million increase over FY 2012
enacted level)
The Diversion Control Program (DCP) is PERFORMANCE
responsible for enforcing the Controlled This section on the FY 2011 performance of
Substances Act (CSA) and its regulations the DEA program is based on agency GPRA
pertaining to pharmaceutical controlled documents and other agency information.
substances and listed chemicals. The DCP The table below includes selected
actively monitors more than 1.5 million performance measures, targets and
individuals and companies that are achievements for the latest year for which
registered with DEA to handle controlled data are available.
Drug Enforcement Administration
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Number of active International, Domestic, and Diversion Priority 460 540
Targets linked to CPOT targets disrupted* or dismantled
Number of active International, Domestic, and Diversion Priority 2,400 2,490
Targets not linked to CPOT targets disrupted* or dismantled
Monetary Value of Currency, Property and Drugs Seized $3 Billion $2.89 Billion
(Drug Trafficker Revenue Denied)
* Includes disruptions pending dismantlement
Discussion
The DEA is committed to enforcing the substances appearing in or destined for
controlled substances laws and regulations illicit traffic in the U.S., including
of the United States and bringing to the organizations that use drug trafficking
criminal and civil justice system of the U.S., proceeds to finance terror; and to
or any other competent jurisdiction, those recommending and supporting
organizations and principal members of enforcement‐related programs aimed at
organizations involved in the growing, reducing the availability of and demand for
manufacturing, or distribution of controlled illicit controlled substances on the domestic
178 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
and international markets. To accomplish smuggled bulk cash drug proceeds totaling
its mission, the DEA targets PTOs, which tens of billions of dollars from the U.S.
represent the major drug supply and money through the Southwest border and into
laundering organizations operating at the Mexico during 2009. To address this
international, national, regional, and local problem, DEA has implemented several
levels that have a significant impact upon initiatives focused on targeting the bulk
drug availability in the United States. cash derived from drug proceeds. During FY
Specifically, the Priority Targeting Program 2011, DEA’s total cash seizures were $772.7
focuses on dismantling entire drug million. Further, DEA denied total revenue
trafficking networks by targeting their of nearly $2.9 billion from drug trafficking
leaders for arrest and prosecution, and money laundering organizations
confiscating the profits that fund continuing through asset and drug seizures in FY 2011.
drug operations, and eliminating
international sources of supply. Another vital component of DEA’s overall
strategy is its Drug Flow Attack Strategy,
As of September 30, 2011, the DEA which is designed to significantly disrupt the
disrupted or dismantled 3,030 PTOs, which flow of drugs, money, and chemicals
is 5.9 percent above the FY 2011 target of between the source zones and the United
2,860. This also represents a 12.9 percent States by attacking vulnerabilities in the
increase over FY 2010 actual performance supply, transportation systems, and
of 2,683 PTOs disrupted or dismantled. financial infrastructure of major drug
trafficking organizations. This strategy calls
DEA also contributes to disrupting or for aggressive, well‐planned and
dismantling PTOs linked to the Attorney coordinated enforcement operations in
General’s FY 2011 CPOT list – the “Most cooperation with host‐nation counterparts
Wanted” drug trafficking and money in global source and transit zones.
laundering organizations believed to be
primarily responsible for the Nation’s illicit Specifically, Operation All‐Inclusive, the
drug supply. During FY 2011, DEA disrupted centerpiece of DEA’s Drug Flow Attack
or dismantled 540 PTOs linked to CPOT Strategy, has caused major disruptions in
targets. the flow of drugs, money, and chemicals
between source zones and the U.S. by
A vital component of DEA’s overall strategy attacking trafficker vulnerabilities in the
is its Financial Attack Strategy. Under this areas of financial, maritime, land, and air
Strategy, DEA attacks the financial smuggling. From January 2011 through
infrastructure of major drug trafficking September 2011, DEA conducted the
organizations and members of the financial seventh international initiative under
community who facilitate the laundering of Operation All‐Inclusive. As of October 13,
their proceeds. During FY 2011, DEA 2011, this initiative has resulted in the
maintained 21 money laundering seizure of 91.5 metric tons of cocaine, 503
investigative groups to support this kilograms of heroin, 530 metric tons of
Financial Attack Strategy. The 2010 marijuana, 271 metric tons of solid
National Drug Threat Assessment stated precursors, $107 million, and 2,771
that Mexican drug trafficking organizations
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 179
weapons. Additionally, 1,452 arrests have liaison with industry as well as Federal,
occurred. state, and local counterparts. In FY 2011,
DEA launched an innovative campaign to
Through a combination of DEA‐led address the increased abuse and theft of
operations such as the Drug Flow Attack controlled prescription drugs, through
Strategy, international partnerships with coordinated nationwide prescription drug
Mexico and Colombia, the Financial Attack “Take‐Back” days and the expansion of
Strategy, and foreign and domestic Tactical Diversion Squads.
enforcement operations, DEA has
significantly weakened a host of major drug
trafficking organizations. One indicator of
the overall effectiveness of these efforts is
the price and purity of drugs. Using DEA’s
System to Retrieve Information on Drug
Evidence (STRIDE) data to analyze all
domestic cocaine purchases is useful to
show illicit trend information. From January
2007 through March 2011, the price per
pure gram of cocaine increased 87.2
percent, from $101.10 to $189.24, while the
purity decreased 27 percent, from 67
percent to 49 percent. The results for
heroin price and purity are also positive.
From October 2007 through March 2011,
the price per pure gram of heroin increased
61.1 percent, from $559.33 to $901.14,
while the purity decreased 35 percent, from
41 percent to 26 percent.
The Diversion Control Program (DCP)
implements an infrastructure of controls
established through the Controlled
Substances Act and ancillary regulations.
This system balances the protection of
public health and safety by preventing the
diversion of controlled substances and
listed chemicals while ensuring an adequate
and uninterrupted supply for legitimate
needs. The DCP conducts and facilitates
domestic and international investigations;
plans and allocates program resources;
promulgates regulations; and conducts
180 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
National Drug Intelligence Center
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Intelligence $33.955 $20.000 $0.000
Total Drug Resources by Function $33.955 $20.000 $0.000
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Salaries and Expenses $33.955 $20.000 $0.000
Total Drug Resources by Function $33.955 $20.000 $0.000
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 171 154 0
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $0.03 $0.02 $0.00
Drug Resources Percentage 100.0% 100.0% 0%
Program Summary
MISSION PERFORMANCE
The National Drug Intelligence Center’s This section on the FY 2011 performance of
(NDIC) mission was to provide strategic, NDIC is based on agency GPRA documents
domestic drug‐related intelligence support and other agency data. The table below
to the drug control, public health, law includes performance measures, targets,
enforcement, and intelligence communities and achievements for the latest year for
of the United States. which data are available.
METHODOLOGY
All NDIC resources were scored as a part of
the National Drug Control Budget.
BUDGET SUMMARY
The Administration proposes to eliminate
funding for the lower‐priority NDIC. The
Administration intends to realign some of
those NDIC activities within the Department
of Justice's (DOJ's) Drug Enforcement
Administration (DEA).
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 181
National Drug Intelligence Center
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
Expand NDIC's production of strategic intelligence products on topics
such as the Southwest Border, gangs and violence, and other emerging
30 17*
drug related issues, along with producing nine Organized Crime Drug
Enforcement Task Force Regional Drug Threat Assessments.
Produce the National Drug Threat Assessment, High Intensity Drug
Trafficking Areas Drug Market Analyses and other strategic domestic drug
46 47
intelligence reports, as requested by the Department of Justice, Office of
National Drug Control Policy and others.
Percentage of Document and Media Exploitation (DOMEX) missions that
90% 100%
support the Department of Justice's strategic goals and objectives.
Percentage of users that would request DOMEX support in the future and
90% 100%
refer DOMEX to others.
*The nine OCDETF Regional Drug Threat Assessments and several other strategic intelligence products scheduled
to be published in the 4th Quarter were delayed.
b
182 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Office of Justice Programs
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Prevention $20.709 $5.000 $32.550
State and Local Assistance 92.155 71.500 99.050
Treatment 113.482 85.500 113.000
Total Drug Resources by Function $226.346 $162.000 $244.600
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Border Prosecutor Initiatives $0.000 $10.000 $0.000
Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Program 5.000 15.000 20.000
Drug Courts 37.275 35.000 0.000
Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws 20.709 5.000 0.000
Mentally Ill Offender Act Program 9.940 9.000 0.000
Meth Enforcement and Cleanup 8.283 12.500 12.500
Northern Border Prosecution 2.485 0.000 0.000
OJP Consolidated Tribal Grant 0.000 0.000 65.100
Prescription Drug Monitoring Program 5.798 7.000 7.000
Problem Solving Justice 0.000 0.000 52.000
Regional Information Sharing System 44.910 27.000 27.000
Residential Substance Abuse Treatment 24.850 10.000 21.000
Second Chance Act 41.417 31.500 40.000
Southwest Border Prosecution 25.679 0.000 0.000
Total Drug Resources by Function $226.346 $162.000 $244.600
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 67 67 67
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $1.8 $1.6 $1.2
Drug Resources Percentage 12.7% 10.4% 20.7%
Program Summary
MISSION leadership in developing the Nation’s
The Justice Assistance Act of 1984 capacity to prevent and control crime,
established the Office of Justice Programs administer justice, and assist crime victims.
(OJP), whose mission is to provide Federal As such, OJP resources are primarily
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 183
targeted to providing assistance to state, Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Program
local, and tribal governments. Total FY 2013 Request: $20.0 million
(Reflects $5.0 million increase over FY 2012 enacted
level)
METHODOLOGY Recent research findings in areas such as
OJP scores as drug control the dedicated community violence prevention and
specific resources in support of the National community policing have demonstrated
Drug Control Strategy that focus on that law enforcement or crime prevention
breaking the cycle of drug abuse and crime, efforts tailored to address particular
including drug testing and treatment, problems in a defined area often achieve
provision of graduated sanctions, drug much better results than more general
prevention and education, and research efforts targeting broader areas. Designed
and statistics. as a true interagency approach and
integrated into the Administration’s
BUDGET SUMMARY Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative, the
The total drug control request for OJP in FY Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Program
2013 is $244.6 million, an increase of $82.6 promotes organizational and resource
million above the FY 2012 enacted level of efficiency among its Federal partners while
$162.0 million. achieving results, including improved
community‐police cooperation, enhanced
Border Prosecutor Initiative intergovernmental communications and
Total FY 2013 Request: $0.0 million coordination, and reductions in serious and
(Reflects $10.0 million decrease from FY 2012
enacted level)
violent crime in targeted neighborhoods.
This program provides funding for local
prosecutor offices in the Northern border, FY 2013 Changes (+$5.0 million): The
and the four Southwest border States of Budget proposes an increase of $5.0
California, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas million to support this program. This
for the costs of processing, detaining, and request for increased funding will
prosecuting drug and other cases referred ensure that the Byrne Criminal Justice
from Federal arrests or Federal Innovation program has the resources
investigations. needed to make a real difference in the
nation’s communities.
FY 2013 Changes (‐$10.0 million): The
Budget proposes to eliminate funding for Drug Court Program
Total FY 2013 Request: $0.0 million
the Border Prosecutor Initiative. As funding Consolidated into the $52.0 million Problem
levels for some OJP programs decline, it is Solving Justice initiative)
essential that OJP continue to support The Drug Court program provides grants
robust research and evaluation programs, and technical assistance to state, local, and
encourage the continued development of tribal governments to support the
evidence‐based programs, and maintain development, expansion, and enhancement
funding for programs vital to our state, of drug courts. This program also supports
local, and tribal partners in the criminal evaluations of the effectiveness of drug
justice system. courts and drug courts strategies, including
ongoing efforts to examine how drug courts
184 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
are different today, how courts have Mentally Ill Offender Act Program
evolved from the original model and Total FY 2013 Request: $0.0 million
current barriers to compliance with the 10 (Consolidated into the Problem Solving Justice
initiative)
key components of the drug court model.
The Mentally Ill Offender Act Program
provides grants and technical assistance to
FY 2013 Changes (Consolidated into
state, local, and tribal governments to
Problem Solving Justice): The Budget
support mental health courts and adult and
proposes to consolidate funding for the
juvenile collaboration grants programs in
Drug Court Program into the new
accordance with authorization language in
Problem Solving Justice Program, which
both the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe
will assist state, local, and tribal
Streets Act of 1968 and the Mentally Ill
governments in developing and
Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction
implementing problem solving court
Reauthorization and Improvement Act of
strategies to address their jurisdiction’s
2008.
unique needs, including substance
abuse and mental health issues. The
FY 2013 Changes (Consolidated into
Problem Solving Justice program will
Problem Solving Justice): The Budget
continue to provide grants to support
proposes to consolidate the Mentally Ill
drug courts.
Offender Act Program into the new
Problem Solving Justice Program, which
Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws
Total FY 2013 Request: $0.0 million
will assist state, local, and tribal
(Reflects $5.0 million decrease from FY 2012 governments in developing and
enacted level) implementing problem solving court
The Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws strategies to address their jurisdiction’s
(EUDL) program supports and enhances unique needs, including substance
efforts by states and local jurisdictions to abuse and mental health issues. The
prohibit the purchase and consumption of Problem Solving Justice program will
alcoholic beverages by minors. Minors are continue to address the mentally ill
defined as individuals under 21 years of offender issues formerly addressed
age. through the Mentally Ill Offender Act
Program.
FY 2013 Changes (‐$5.0 million): The
Budget proposes a decrease of $5.0 Methamphetamine Enforcement and Lab
million. This initiative is supported Cleanup
through the Title V Local Delinquency Total FY 2013 Request: $12.5 million
Prevention Incentive Grants Program, (Reflects no change from FY 2012 enacted level)
for which OJP is requesting a total of The Methamphetamine Enforcement and
$40.0 million in FY 2013. Lab Cleanup Grants provide assistance to
state, local and tribal law enforcement
agencies in support of programs designed
to combat methamphetamine production
and distribution, as well as target “hot
spots” characterized by high levels of drug
production or distribution. In cooperation
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 185
with the Drug Enforcement Administration, prescription data, aiming to assist states
funding from this initiative also supports that want to establish a PDMP. In addition
assistance to state and local law to providing grants to states for PDMP
enforcement in removing and disposing of planning, implementation, and
hazardous materials generated by enhancement, funding will support the
clandestine methamphetamine labs, continued training and technical assistance
initiating container programs, and providing to states; further develop a clearinghouse
training, technical assistance and of best practices and measures of
equipment to assist law enforcement effectiveness for PDMPs; and provide
agencies in managing hazardous waste. technical support for states to engage in
This program is administered by the electronic interstate data sharing.
Community Oriented Policing Services.
FY 2013 Changes (no change): The
FY 2013 Changes (no change): The request supports a continuation of the
Budget proposes a continuation of anti‐ collection and analysis of controlled
methamphetamine‐related activities. substance prescription data.
OJP Consolidated Tribal Grants Problem Solving Justice
Total FY 2013 Request: $65.1 million Total FY 2013 Request: $52.0 million
(Reflects $65.1 million over FY 2012 enacted level) (Reflects $8.0 million increase over FY 2012 enacted
The Budget proposes an increase of $65.1 level for the programs consolidated into the new
million for the Consolidated Tribal Grants, program)
an initiative designed to more flexibly This program consolidates separate funding
address tribal criminal justice needs at the streams for the Drug Court Program and
local level. The initiative will support grants, Mentally Ill Offender Grants. This
training, and technical assistance to consolidation will provide OJP the flexibility
improve tribal criminal justice outcomes, to continue providing grants to state, local,
including drug and alcohol‐related matters. and tribal criminal justice agencies to help
This budget request represents 80 percent plan, implement, and improve drug court
of total funding for the Consolidated Tribal programs; and assist state, local, and tribal
Grants set‐aside in FY 2013. criminal justice agencies in working with
mental health, substance abuse, housing,
FY 2013 Changes (+$65.1 million): The and related systems to decrease recidivism
Budget proposes an overall increase of of mentally ill offenders, thus improving
$81.4 million for this program, of which public safety and public health.
80 percent is scored in support of the
National Drug Control Strategy. FY 2013 Changes (+$8.0 million): The
Budget proposes an increase of $8.0
Prescription Drug Monitoring Program million over the level of funding
Total FY 2013 Request: $7.0 million previously dedicated to the
(Reflects no change from FY 2012 enacted level) consolidated programs. This program
The PDMP program enhances the capacity will assist state, local, and tribal
of regulatory and law enforcement agencies governments in developing and
to collect and analyze controlled substance implementing problem solving court
186 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
strategies to address their jurisdiction’s probationers and parolees. Ultimately, the
unique needs. program goal is to help offenders become
drug‐free and learn the skills needed to
Regional Information Sharing System sustain themselves upon return to the
Total FY 2013 Request: $27.0 million community.
(Reflects no change from FY 2012 enacted level)
The Regional Information Sharing System FY 2013 Changes (+$11.0 million): The
(RISS) is the only national criminal Budget proposes an increase of $11.0
intelligence system operated by and for million. This increase will assist states
state and local law enforcement agencies. and local jurisdictions with improving
Six regional intelligence centers operate in services for offenders with substance
all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and abuse programs and increasing the
U.S. territories, with some member number of offenders served.
agencies in Canada, Australia, and England.
These regional centers facilitate Second Chance Act
information sharing and communications to Total FY 2013 Request: $40.0 million
support member agency investigative and (Reflects +$8.5 million increase over FY 2012
prosecution efforts by providing state‐of‐ enacted level)
the‐art investigative support and training, The Second Chance Act Program builds on
analytical services, specialized equipment, the success of OJP’s past reentry initiatives
secure information‐sharing technology, and by providing grants to establish and expand
secure encrypted e‐mail and adult and juvenile offender reentry
communications capabilities to over 6,000 programs. This program authorizes various
municipal, county, state, and Federal law grants to government agencies and
enforcement agencies nationwide. nonprofit groups to provide employment
assistance, substance abuse treatment,
FY 2013 Changes (no change): RISS will housing, family programming, mentoring,
continue to provide investigative victims support, and other services that can
support and training, analytical services help reduce re‐offending and violations of
and secure communications capabilities probation and parole. This budget request
to participating law enforcement represents 50 percent of the total funding
agencies. requested for Second Chance Act in FY 2013
($80.0 million).
Residential Substance Abuse Treatment
Total FY 2013 Request: $21.0 million FY 2013 Changes (+$8.5 million): The
(Reflects $11.0 million increase over FY 2012 budget proposes an increase of $8.5
enacted level) million for this program, which will
The Residential Substance Abuse Treatment support state and local efforts to
(RSAT) program for state prisoners was implement innovative and evidence‐
established to help states and units of local based programs that help offenders
governments develop, implement, and transition make from prison or jail to
improve residential substance abuse the community and reintegrate into
treatment programs in correctional society safely and successfully.
facilities, and establish and maintain
community‐based aftercare services for
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 187
PERFORMANCE performance measures, targets and
This section on OJP’s FY 2011 performance achievements for the latest year for which
is based on information from internal and data are available.
external sources. The tables below include
Drug Courts
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Percent of drug court participants who graduate from the drug court 48% 43%
program
Discussion
BJA administers the Drug Court program. potential return on investment of Drug
With more than 2,400 operational drug Court Discretionary Grant funding.
courts across the U.S., BJA will continue to
shift its program emphasis from In FY 2011, NIJ’s Multisite Adult Drug Court
establishing new drug courts to building and Evaluation (MADCE), a study of nearly 1,800
enhancing existing drug court capacity drug court participants and comparison
through training and technical assistance, probationers was released. The study
management information system compared 29 jurisdictions across the U.S.,
enhancements, evaluations, increased collected data via: three waves of
services to drug court clients, and interviews with participants; drug detection
information dissemination. tests; administrative records on treatment
and recidivism; court observations;
Drawing on research and graduation trends, interviews with staff and other
the FY 2011 target for the drug court stakeholders; and budget and other cost
graduation rate was 48 percent in FY 2011; information. MADCE found that adult drug
the achieved rate was 43 percent. courts significantly reduce drug use and
criminal offending during and after program
For FY 2012, BJA will refine the reporting on participation, and are more cost efficient
graduation rates and provide greater detail than traditional case processing and
regarding client‐based information (e.g., supervision. Drug Court participants
moves from area of drug court program, reported less drug use (56% vs. 76%) and
deaths, etc.) were less likely to test positive for drug use
(29% vs. 46%), when compared to
In FY 2011, BJA and the National Institute of comparable individuals in the control group.
Justice (NIJ) conducted a review of recent In addition, participants reported less
Drug Court research findings and identified criminal activity (40% vs. 53%) and had
seven evidence‐based components of fewer re‐arrests (52% vs. 62%, though the
successful drug court programming, which difference is not statistically significant).
is being used to guide applicants to design Overall, the net benefit of drug courts is an
more effective program designs. Funding average of $5,680 to $6,208 per participant.
evidence‐based approaches enhances the
188 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
RSAT
CY 2010 CY 2010
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Number of participants in RSAT 25,000* 29,872
* BJA is reporting on a calendar year (CY) basis. The data for CY 2010 data are reported in the table.
Discussion
The RSAT program, administered by BJA substance abuse problems; and develops
and authorized by the Violent Crime Control the inmate's cognitive, behavioral, social,
and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Public vocational, and other skills to manage the
Law 103‐322), assists state and local substance abuse and related problems.
governments in developing and
implementing residential substance abuse In 2010, BJA announced plans to provide
treatment programs (individual and group training and technical assistance (TTA) to
treatment activities) in correctional and RSAT programs and is delivering a range of
detention facilities. The RSAT program is TTA services to RSAT programs to maximize
provided in residential treatment facilities the use of evidence‐based substance abuse
set apart from the general correctional treatment and aftercare for inmates in need
population; is focused on the inmate’s of such treatment.
PDMP
CY 2010 CY 2010
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Actual
» Number of interstate solicited reports produced 200,000 291.618
» Number of interstate unsolicited reports produced 1,300 979
Discussion
The Harold Rogers Prescription Drug 1 U.S. territory (Guam) have enacted
Monitoring Program (PDMP), administered legislation to establish a PDMP but are not
by BJA, enhances the capacity of regulatory fully operational. Under the BJA grant
and law enforcement agencies and public program, 12 awards were made in FY 2011
health officials to collect and analyze for states to implement or enhance a
controlled substance prescription drug data PDMP. Since inception of the grant program
and other scheduled chemical products, in FY 2002, grants have been awarded to 47
while allowing for legitimate medical use, states and 1 U.S. territory to support their
through a centralized database efforts to plan, implement, or enhance a
administered by an authorized state PDMP.
agency. The program was created by the FY
2002 U.S. Department of Justice
Appropriations Act (Public Law 107‐77) with
the goal to help prevent and detect the
diversion and abuse of pharmaceutical
controlled substances. Thirty‐six states now
have operational PDMPs and 12 states and
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 189
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Investigations $378.783 $378.447 $373.602
Prosecution 148.729 149.065 151.191
Total Drug Resources by Function $527.512 $527.512 $524.793
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives (ATF) $11.790 $11.780 $11.540
Criminal Division 2.095 2.089 2.118
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) 205.019 204.830 203.700
Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys (EOUSA) 146.304 146.171 148.257
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 141.459 141.330 138.479
OCDETF Fusion Center (OFC) 11.752 11.752 11.304
Threat Response Unit 0.330 0.805 0.816
U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) 8.763 8.755 8.579
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $527.512 $527.512 $524.793
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 3,277 3,276 3,228
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $0.5 $0.5 $0.5
Drug Resources Percentage 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Program Summary
MISSION and statutory authorities of member
The Organized Crime Drug Enforcement agencies to attack all of the related
Task Forces (OCDETF) Program was components of major drug trafficking and
established as a multi‐agency partnership of money laundering organizations. OCDETF
Federal law enforcement agencies and efforts lead to disruptions in the drug
prosecutors, with assistance from state and market, which result in reductions in the
local police departments, to identify, drug supply, as well as bolster law
dismantle, and disrupt sophisticated enforcement efforts.
national and international drug trafficking
and money laundering organizations.
OCDETF combines the resources, expertise,
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 191
METHODOLOGY Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and
All OCDETF resources are scored as a part of Explosives
the National Drug Control Budget. ATF agents focus on major drug traffickers
who have violated laws related to the illegal
BUDGET SUMMARY trafficking and misuse of firearms, arson,
The FY 2013 budget requests $524.8 and explosives. Firearms often serve as a
million, a decrease of $2.7 million from the form of payment for drugs and, together
FY 2012 enacted level. with explosives and arson, are used as tools
by drug organizations in order to intimidate,
OCDETF focuses on key program priorities enforce, and retaliate against their own
in order to effectively and efficiently members, rival organizations, or the
support its mission. OCDETF’s major community in general. Thus, ATF’s
priority is the Consolidated Priority jurisdiction and expertise contributes to
Organization Target (CPOT) List – a unified OCDETF’s efforts to disrupt and dismantle
agency list of the top drug trafficking and the most violent drug trafficking
money laundering targets around the world organizations. The FY 2013 request will
that impact the U.S illicit drug supply. continue to support ATF investigative
OCDETF Regional Coordination Groups also activities as a member of the OCDETF
target and identify Regional Priority Program.
Organization Targets (RPOTs), the most
significant drug and money laundering Drug Enforcement Administration
organizations threatening the nation. In DEA is the agency most actively involved in
addition, OCDETF requires that all cases the OCDETF Program with a participation
include a financial component to enable the rate in investigations that exceeds 80
identification and destruction of the percent. Also, DEA is the only Federal
financial systems supporting drug agency in OCDETF that has drug
organizations. enforcement as its sole mission. The
agency’s vast experience in this field, its
Investigations knowledge of international drug rings, its
Total FY 2013 Request: $373.6 million relationship with foreign law enforcement
(Reflects $4.8 million decrease from FY 2012 entities, and its working relationships with
enacted level) state and local authorities have made the
Reimbursable resources support DEA an essential partner. The FY 2013
investigative activities of the following request will continue to support the
participating agencies: ATF, DEA, FBI, and personnel and operational costs for DEA’s
the USMS. Also included are the participation in the OCDETF Program.
reimbursable resources that support the
intelligence activities of OCDETF’s member Federal Bureau of Investigation
agencies, the OCDETF Fusion Center, and FBI brings to OCDETF its expertise in the
the International Organized Crime investigation of traditional organized crime
Intelligence and Operations Center (IOC‐2). and white collar/financial crimes. The FBI
also has developed valuable relationships
with foreign and state and local law
enforcement. The FBI uses its skills to
192 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
gather and analyze intelligence data and to
undertake sophisticated electronic International Organized Crime Intelligence
surveillance. The FBI contributes to the and Operations Center (IOC‐2) ($3 million
OCDETF program and to the goal of increase from FY 2012 level)
targeting major drug trafficking The International Organized Crime
organizations and their financial Intelligence and Operations Center (IOC‐2)
infrastructure. The FY 2013 request will was launched on May 29, 2009, in
continue to support FBI involvement in partnership with the OCDETF Fusion Center
OCDETF investigations. (OFC) and the Special Operations Division of
the Drug Enforcement Administration
U.S. Marshals Service (SOD). The IOC‐2 mission is to significantly
USMS is the agency responsible for the disrupt and dismantle those international
apprehension of OCDETF fugitives. criminal organizations posing the greatest
Fugitives are typically repeat offenders who threat to the United States. IOC‐2 was able
flee apprehension only to continue their to leverage the already existing tools of the
criminal enterprise elsewhere. Their arrest OFC and SOD, while simultaneously
by the USMS immediately makes the benefiting those organizations by expanding
community in which the fugitive was hiding the scope of their missions, collection, and
and operating a safer place to live. The FY agency participation. IOC‐2 brought several
2013 request will continue to support USMS new Federal law enforcement agencies into
involvement in OCDETF investigations. partnership with the OFC and SOD, and
significantly enhanced the scope of
OCDETF Fusion Center (OFC) contribution of current partners. For
The FY 2013 request will support operations example, ICE, the U.S. Secret Service (USSS),
at the OFC, a comprehensive data center the Department of State’s Diplomatic
containing all drug and related financial Security Service (DoS‐DS) and the
intelligence information from the seven Department of Labor’s Inspector General’s
OCDETF‐member investigative agencies, the Office (DoL‐IG) all joined the OFC at the
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, and time of the creation of IOC‐2 and began
others. The OFC conducts cross‐agency contributing their investigative data to the
integration and analysis of drug and related OFC’s fused data pool. Similarly, the USSS
financial data to create comprehensive and DoS‐DS joined SOD at the time of IOC‐
intelligence pictures of targeted 2’s creation.
organizations, including those identified as
CPOTs and RPOTs. The OFC is also The OCDETF Program requests $3.0 million
responsible for passing along actionable for operational and administrative costs in
leads through the multi‐agency Special support of IOC‐2 investigations.
Operations Division (SOD) to OCDETF
participants in the field. These leads FY 2013 Changes (‐$4.8 million):
ultimately result in the development of OCDETF will continue to provide
better‐coordinated, more comprehensive, personnel, administrative and
multi‐jurisdictional OCDETF investigations investigative support for task force
of the most significant drug trafficking and partners.
money laundering networks.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 193
Prosecution investigations. Their involvement ensures
FY 2013 Request: $151.2 million that the prosecutions are well prepared,
(Reflects $2.1 million increase from FY 2012 comprehensively charged, and expertly
enacted level)
handled. The FY 2013 request will support
Reimbursable resources are included for
the United States Attorneys’ involvement in
the ninety‐four U.S. Attorneys Offices
the development of case strategy for
around the country (executed through the
OCDETF investigations and prosecutions.
Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys) and the
Criminal Division of the Department of
FY 2013 Changes (+$2.1 million):
Justice.
OCDETF proposes to increase their
involvement along the Southwest
Criminal Division
border through investigations, wire‐tap
With the increasing complexity and scope of
applications, and prosecutions.
OCDETF cases, senior attorneys are called
upon with greater frequency to assist in the
supervision and prosecution of OCDETF PERFORMANCE
cases. OCDETF‐funded NDDS/AFMLS This section on the FY 2011 performance for
attorneys support the Mexican Cartel OCDETF is based on agency GPRA
prosecutions. The FY 2013 request will documents and other agency information.
support attorneys in the Office of The table includes selected performance
Enforcement Operations as it reviews all measures, targets and achievements for the
applications for electronic surveillance and latest year for which data are available.
assists agents and attorneys by providing
guidance on the justification for and OCDETF monitors performance in two
development of such applications. program areas: investigations and
prosecutions. For investigations, OCDETF
Threat Response Unit tracks the percent of active investigations
The FY 2013 request will support the linked to the Attorney General’s CPOT list
OCDETF Executive Office attorneys detailed and the number of CPOT‐linked
to OEO to enhance its support of OCDETF organizations dismantled or disrupted. For
Southwest border‐related wiretap prosecutions, OCDETF tracks leadership
applications and requests for approval to convictions and financial convictions.
employ sensitive investigative techniques;
and to the Office of International Affairs
(OIA) to support the high priority
extraditions related to OCDETF
prosecutions of Mexican Cartels.
U.S. Attorneys
Experienced OCDETF attorneys are able to
coordinate investigative efforts more
efficiently and minimize the risk of legal
challenges because of their familiarity with
the intricacies of drug trafficking
194 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force Program
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Percent of OCDETF investigations linked to CPOTs 16% 17%
» Percent of convicted defendants linked to CPOT 4% 5%
» Percent of OCDETF investigations resulting in conviction of a leader 76%* 81%*
» Percent of OCDETF investigations resulting in financial convictions 25%* 27%*
» Percent of OCDETF investigations resulting in assets forfeited 80%* 80%*
» Percent of OCDETF investigations resulting in 78%* 86%*
disruption/dismantlement of targeted organization
» Number of CPOT‐linked Drug Trafficking Organizations Disrupted 185 230
» Number of CPOT‐linked Drug Trafficking Organizations Dismantled 104 130
* Data based on information reported in OCDETF Final Reports. Due to the lag in reporting, activity may have
occurred in the prior year.
Discussion
The goal of the OCDETF Program is to organizations in FY 2011, exceeding its
identify, investigate, and prosecute the target for disruptions. This is 7 percent
most significant drug trafficking and money greater than the 214 reported at the end of
laundering organizations and related FY 2010. The total of 360 CPOT‐linked
enterprises, and to disrupt and dismantle organizations that were either dismantled
their operations in order to reduce the drug or disrupted during FY 2011 is almost 8
supply in the United States. By dismantling percent higher than the 334 dismantled or
and disrupting trafficking organizations that disrupted in FY 2010, which was a record
are CPOT‐linked, OCDETF is focusing year. This achievement exceeded OCDETF’s
enforcement efforts against organizations goal for disruptions and dismantlements.
that include heads of narcotic and/or
money laundering organizations, poly‐drug In addition to making important gains
traffickers, clandestine manufacturers and against CPOT‐linked organizations in FY
producers, and major drug transporters, all 2011, OCDETF agencies continued to
of whom are primarily responsible for the achieve significant successes against the
domestic drug supply. Additionally, CPOTs. Over the course of the last year, six
OCDETF’s financial investigations focus on CPOT targets were dismantled and six CPOT
eliminating the entire infrastructure of targets were disrupted. It is estimated that
CPOT‐linked organizations and permanently the CPOTs dismantled affected the
removing their profits. capability of importing and distributing
100,000 tablets of MDMA per month into
OCDETF dismantled 130 CPOT‐linked the United States and distributing MDMA,
organizations in FY 2011, exceeding the cocaine, marijuana, hash, and
target; this represents an 8 percent increase methamphetamine around the world;
over the 120 that were dismantled in FY distributing 40 kilograms of heroin to the
2010, the highest number reported prior to New York area on a monthly basis; and
FY 2011. OCDETF disrupted 230 CPOT‐linked
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 195
moving cocaine valued in excess of $4 pounds of marijuana and $3.8 million in
billion into the United States since 2004. other assets.
Law enforcement activity targeting these
CPOTs involved complex and coordinated
intelligence driven investigations, with
exceptional cooperation between U.S. law
enforcement agencies and international
partners. During FY 2011, 17 percent of
active OCDETF investigations were linked to
CPOT targets.
Eighty‐six percent of OCDETF investigations
have resulted in the disruption or
dismantlement of the targeted
organizations. Moreover, assets seized
from OCDETF investigations totaled more
than $421 million in FY 2011. Five percent
of convicted defendants in OCDETF
investigations were linked to a CPOT.
Eighty‐one percent of OCDETF
investigations resulted in the conviction of a
leader, 27 percent in finance‐related
convictions, and 80 percent in the forfeiture
of assets.
In FY 2011, more than 300 Federal, state,
local and foreign law enforcement agencies
contributed investigative and prosecutorial
resources to “Project Delirium” through
OCDETF which aimed to disrupt the
operations of Mexican drug cartels in the
United States and Mexico. Overall, Project
Delirium operations have resulted in the
arrest of 1,985 individuals and the seizure
of approximately $62 million in U.S.
currency, approximately 2,773 pounds of
methamphetamine, 2,722 kilograms of
cocaine, 1,005 pounds of heroin, 14,818
196 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
United States Attorneys
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Prosecution $82.180 $79.490 $80.610
Total Drug Resources by Function $82.180 $79.490 $80.610
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Criminal Decision Unit $82.180 $79.490 $80.610
Total Drug Resources by Function $82.180 $79.490 $80.610
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 500 486 493
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $1.930 $1.960 $1.974
Drug Resources Percentage 4.3% 4.1% 4.1%
Program Summary
MISSION presentation of the evidence in court as
The Nation’s 94 United States Attorney part of prosecution of individuals and
Offices (USAOs) are vital participants in organizations who violate Federal law.
supporting the National Drug Control USAOs also work to dismantle criminal drug
Strategy and participate in several organizations through asset forfeiture,
components of that Strategy. The USAOs thereby depriving drug traffickers of the
work in conjunction with law enforcement proceeds from their illegal activities.
to disrupt domestic and international drug
trafficking and narcotics production through In addition to this traditional prosecutorial
comprehensive investigations and role, efforts to discourage illegal drug use
prosecutions of criminal organizations. A and to prevent recidivism by convicted drug
core mission of each of the USAOs is to offenders also form important parts of the
prosecute violations of Federal drug drug control mission of the United States
trafficking, controlled substances, money Attorneys' Offices. Each USAO is
laundering, and related Federal laws in encouraged to become involved in reentry
order to deter continued illicit drug programs that may help prevent future
distribution and use in the United States. crime, including drug crimes. Re‐entry
This mission includes utilizing the grand jury programs, such as re‐entry courts, typically
process to investigate and uncover the include access to drug treatment and
criminal conduct at issue, and subsequent support for recovery. Prosecutors and
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 197
USAO staff also participate in community distribution and use in the United States.
outreach through initiatives such as the This mission includes utilizing the grand jury
Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation program process to investigate and uncover the
and Project Safe Neighborhoods, which criminal conduct at issue, and subsequent
educate communities about the hazards of presentation of the evidence in court as
drug abuse. part of prosecution of individuals and
organizations who violate Federal law.
METHODOLOGY
The Executive Office of the United States FY 2013 Changes (+$1.1 million): The
Attorneys does not have a specific increase will continue to support drug‐
appropriation for drug control activities. related prosecutorial activities.
The United States Attorney’s drug budget is
derived by calculating the costs of attorney PERFORMANCE
and non‐attorney full‐time equivalents This section is on the FY 2011 performance
(FTE) dedicated to non‐OCDETF drug of the drug control mission of the USAOs
prosecutions. This data is captured at the within the Department of Justice, based on
end of the fiscal year; once the total cost is agency GPRA documents and other agency
determined, an inflation rate is applied to information. The FY 2011 performance
the out‐years. information for the USAOs drug related
involvement is provided below.
BUDGET SUMMARY
The FY 2013 drug control request for the
United States Attorneys is $80.6 million,
which is an increase of $1.1 million over the
FY 2012 enacted level. The resources will
be used to support prosecution of violations
of controlled substances, money
laundering, and drug trafficking.
Criminal Decision Unit
Total FY 2013 Request: $80.6 million
(Reflects $1.1 million increase over FY 2012 enacted
level)
The USAOs work in conjunction with law
enforcement to disrupt domestic and
international drug trafficking and narcotics
production through comprehensive
investigations and prosecutions of criminal
organizations. A core mission of each of the
USAOs is to prosecute violations of Federal
drug trafficking, controlled substance,
money laundering, and related Federal laws
in order to deter continued illicit drug
198 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
U.S. Attorneys
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Conviction Rate for drug related defendants NA 91.2%
» Percentage of defendants sentenced to prison NA 89%
Note: The Executive Office of the United States Attorneys (EOUSA) reports actuals achieved.
Discussion
USAOs investigate and prosecute the vast more than 420 kilograms of cocaine. From
majority of criminal cases brought by the 2008 until his arrest in June 2009, Gonzalez‐
Federal government to include drug related Zavala directed the operations of the
topics. USAOs receive most of their Chicago distribution cell of a drug‐
criminal referrals, or “matters,” from trafficking cartel known as La Familia
Federal investigative agencies, including the Michoacana. Gonzalez‐Zavala was 1 of
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the more than 20 defendants charged in
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), connection with narcotics trafficking by the
the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms La Familia Michoacana organization in the
and Explosives (ATF), the United States Chicagoland area. To date, 15 of those
Immigration and Customs Enforcement defendants have pleaded guilty for their
(ICE), the United States Secret Service, and roles in the organization. The investigation,
the United States Postal Inspection Service. which began in 2007, was part of Project
The EOUSA supports the National Drug Coronado, a multi‐agency narcotics
Control Strategy through investigations and trafficking investigation, which focused on
prosecutions, which contribute to reducing La Familia’s distribution network
the threat, trafficking, use, and related throughout the United States.
violence of illegal drugs.
(2) Independence Missouri Prescription
Three recent successful prosecutions Drug Plea (Western District of Missouri):
demonstrate the work of the United States On February 17, 2011, an Independence,
Attorneys during FY 2011: Missouri physician who admitted that he
participated in a conspiracy to distribute
(1) La Familia Mexican Drug Cartel – illegally over 83,000 OxyContin and
Chicago Cell Head (Northern District of oxycodone pills from July 2006 to January
Illinois): A significant accomplishment 2010 plead guilty. During the course of the
during FY 2011 included the August 2, 2011 conspiracy, the defendants caused
sentencing of Jose Gonzalez‐Zavala, the OxyContin and oxycodone prescriptions to
former head of the Chicago distribution be issued for individuals with no legitimate
network of a Mexican drug‐trafficking medical need. Those prescriptions were
cartel, to 40 years imprisonment for his role later filled at pharmacies and paid by health
in orchestrating a conspiracy to distribute care benefit programs. The estimated sales
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 199
of the pills totaled $952,520. The physician,
Bruce Layne Baker, was paid by his co‐
conspirators approximately $50 to $100 for
each illegal prescription. To date, eight
defendants have pleaded guilty for their
role in connection with the conspiracy.
(3) Operation Knock‐Out (Central District
of California):
On January 6, 2011, George Manuel Flores,
leader of the Varrio Hawaiian Gardens
street gang, was sentenced to 30 years in
prison. Flores admitted that, as leader of
the gang, he was responsible for the
distribution of more than 30 kilograms of
heroin, more than 4.5 kilograms of crack
cocaine, more than 1.5 kilograms of pure
methamphetamine, and more than 100
kilograms of marijuana. Flores was 1 of 212
defendants charged as a part of Operation
Knockout, including the lead defendant in
the 57‐defendant racketeering conspiracy
case that was the centerpiece of Operation
Knockout. During the course of the
investigation, authorities seized
approximately 33 pounds of
methamphetamine and approximately 125
firearms. Many of the remaining
defendants have pleaded guilty, some being
sentenced to sentences as long as 25 years
imprisonment.
200 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
United States Marshals Service
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
International $1.054 $1.101 $1.099
Investigations 104.314 108.984 108.827
Prosecution 132.352 138.795 140.902
Total Drug Resources by Function $237.720 $248.880 $250.828
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Fugitive Apprehension $105.368 $110.085 $109.926
Judicial and Courthouse Security 86.064 89.594 91.812
Prisoner Security and Transportation 46.288 49.201 49.090
Total Drug Resources by Function $237.720 $248.880 $250.828
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 1,139 1,139 1,139
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $1.1 $1.2 $1.2
Drug Resources Percentage 22.1% 21.2% 21.1%
Program Summary
MISSION USMS’ drug interdiction efforts center on
The U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) is the capturing fugitives who have a nexus to the
enforcement arm of the Federal courts and most serious drug trafficking and money
works in concert with other Federal laundering organizations, and those
agencies including the Drug Enforcement primarily responsible for the Nation’s drug
Administration; the Federal Bureau of supply. In order to contribute to the
Investigation; U.S. Immigration and Administration’s mandate to reduce the
Customs Enforcement; the Bureau of drug supply, the USMS focuses its fugitive
Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives; apprehension resources on coordinated,
the Internal Revenue Service; and the U.S. nationwide investigations, targeting the
Coast Guard. The USMS also works in entire infrastructure of major drug
cooperation with the Department of trafficking. The USMS also directly
Justice’s Criminal Division, Tax Division, and contributes to the Attorney General’s drug
the 94 U.S. Attorney’s Offices, as well as supply reduction strategy by maintaining
with state and local law enforcement.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 201
the security of all in‐custody prisoners with proceedings. Deputy Marshals are assigned
serious drug‐related charges. to 94 judicial districts (93 Federal districts
and the Superior Court for the District of
METHODOLOGY Columbia) to protect the Federal judicial
The USMS does not have a specific system which handles a variety of cases
appropriation for drug interaction activities, including drug trafficking. The USMS
however, the Salaries and Expenses (S&E) determines the level of security required for
appropriation is allocated to: 1) judicial and high‐threat situations by assessing the
courthouse security to carry out the USMS threat level, developing security plans
judicial security mission; 2) task forces to based on risks and threat levels, and
carry out the USMS fugitive apprehension assigning the commensurate security
mission; and 3) district offices to carry out resources required to maintain a safe
the USMS prisoner security and environment.
transportation mission. USMS resource
estimates for drug control are based on the FY 2013 Changes (+$2.2 million): The
drug‐related workload as of FY 2011 year‐ requested increase will support security
end. For Judicial and Courthouse Security to ensure that judicial and courthouse
as well as Prisoner Security and proceedings properly.
Transportation, 20 percent of in‐custody
prisoners have a drug‐related charge. For Fugitive Apprehension
Fugitive Apprehension, 28 percent of Total FY 2013 Request: $109.9 million
(Reflects $0.2 million decrease from FY 2012
warrants cleared are drug‐related. These
enacted level)
percentages are applied to S&E Fugitive Apprehension includes domestic
appropriation to formulate drug‐related and international fugitive investigations,
resources. S&E resources include employee technical operations, criminal intelligence
payroll, rent, and operating expenses. analysis, fugitive extraditions and
deportations, sex offender investigations,
BUDGET SUMMARY and the seizure of assets. The USMS is
The total drug control request for the authorized to locate and apprehend
USMS for FY 2013 is $250.8 million, a net Federal, state, and local fugitives both
increase of $1.9 million over the FY 2012 within and outside the U.S. under 28 USC
enacted level. 566(e)(1)(B). The USMS has a long history
of providing assistance and expertise to
Judicial and Courthouse Security other law enforcement agencies in support
Total FY 2013 Request: $91.8 million
of fugitive investigations. The broad scope
(Reflects $2.2 million increase over FY 2012 enacted
level) and responsibilities of the USMS concerning
Judicial and Courthouse Security the location and apprehension of Federal,
encompasses personnel security (security state, local, and foreign fugitives is detailed
protective detail for a judge or prosecutor), in a series of Federal laws, rules,
building security (security equipment to regulations, Department of Justice policies,
monitor and protect a Federal courthouse Office of Legal Counsel opinions, and
facility) includes maintaining security of memoranda of understanding with other
prisoners in custody during court Federal law enforcement agencies.
202 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
agency GPRA documents and other agency
FY 2013 Changes (‐$0.2 million): USMS information. The FY 2011 performance
will continue to support all aspects measures for the USMS drug related
associated with the apprehension of involvement are shown in the table below.
fugitives.
Prisoner Security & Transportation
Total FY 2013 Request: $49.2 million
(Reflects $0.1 million decrease from FY 2012
enacted level)
Prisoner Security and Transportation
includes processing prisoners in the
cellblock, securing the cellblock area,
transporting prisoners by ground or air, and
inspecting jails used to house Federal
detainees. As each prisoner is placed into
USMS custody, a Deputy Marshal is
required to “process” that prisoner.
Processing consists of interviewing the
prisoner to gather personal, arrest,
prosecution, and medical information;
fingerprinting and photographing the
prisoner; preparing an inventory of any
received prisoner property; and
entering/placing the data and records into
automated tracking systems. The cellblock
is the secured area for holding prisoners in
the courthouse before and after
appearance in a court proceeding. Deputy
Marshals follow strict safety protocols in
the cellblocks to ensure the safety of USMS
employees and members of the judicial
process.
FY 2013 Changes (‐$0.1 million): USMS
will continue to support the security and
transportation of prisoners in USMS
custody.
PERFORMANCE
This section on the FY 2011 performance of
the drug control mission of the USMS within
the Department of Justice is based on
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 203
U.S. Marshals Service
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Number of prisoners with drug‐related charges who escaped from 0 0
USMS custody outside of the courtroom.
» Percent of primary Federal drug fugitives apprehended or cleared. 56% 62%
Discussion
The Prisoner Security and Transportation
decision unit has the following measure
“Number of prisoner escapes from USMS
custody outside of the courtroom.” For
drug‐related performance, the USMS is
reporting on the number of prisoners with
drug‐related charges. The FY 2011 target
was to allow no escapes. The USMS met
this performance target.
The Fugitive Apprehension decision unit has
the following outcome: “Percent of primary
Federal felony fugitives apprehended or
cleared.” For drug‐related performance,
the USMS reports on the number of primary
Federal drug fugitives apprehended or
cleared. The USMS takes the number of
primary drug fugitives apprehended or
cleared ( 15,643 at the end of FY 2011) and
divides it by the number of drug fugitives
wanted at the start of the fiscal year
(25,346 at the start of FY 2011). The FY
2011 target of 56 percent was achieved
with 62 percent apprehended or cleared.
204 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
United States Marshals Service Federal Prisoner Detention
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Corrections $533.000 $580.000 $604.000
Total Drug Resources by Function $533.000 $580.000 $604.000
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Detention Services $533.000 $580.000 $604.000
Total Drug Resources by Function $533.000 $580.000 $604.000
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 0 0 0
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $1.5 $1.6 $1.7
Drug Resources Percentage 35.2% 36.7% 36.2%
Program Summary
MISSION METHODOLOGY
The Federal Prisoner Detention (FPD) The FPD appropriation does not include
appropriation (formerly the Office of the specific resources dedicated to housing the
Federal Detention Trustee) is responsible drug prisoner population. The primary
for the costs associated with the care of drivers of detention expenditures are the
Federal detainees in the custody of United number of prisoners booked by the USMS,
States Marshals Service (USMS). The the length of time those prisoners are held
USMS ensures the safe, secure and in detention, and the cost. A Detention
humane conferment of persons in its Population Forecasting Model is used to
custody while allowing unimpeded take a statistical approach for predicting
prisoner transportation. The FPD detention needs using factors such as
appropriation funds the care of Federal population, demographic trends, number
detainees in private, state, and local and type of criminal cases processed,
facilities, which includings housing, average processing time per type of case,
subsistence, transportation, and medical and authorized/ requested positions of the
care. Federal law enforcement, U.S. Attorneys,
U.S. District court judges, and immigration
judges. The methodology to determine the
cost associated with the drug prisoner
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 205
population is to use the average daily PERFORMANCE
population (ADP) for drug offenses This section on the FY 2011 performance of
multiplied by the per diem rate (cost per the drug control mission of the USMS FPD
day to house) multiplied by the number of account within the Department of Justice is
days in the year. Projections for out‐year based on agency GPRA documents and
costs are based on projected future other agency information. The FY 2011
bookings by offense and the time offenders performance information for FPD drug
are expected to be held in detention at the related involvement is provided below.
projected per diem rates.
BUDGET SUMMARY
The FY 2013 request for the FPD is $604.0
million, which is an increase of $24.0 million
over the FY 2012 enacted level.
Detention Services
Total FY 2013 Request: $604.0 million
(Reflects +$24.0 million increase over FY 2012
enacted level)
FPD resources are expended from the time
a prisoner is brought into USMS custody
through termination of the criminal
proceeding and/or commitment to BOP.
FY 2013 Changes (+$24.0 million): The
FY 2013 increase supports services for
Federal detainees in custody.
Federal Prisoner Detention 1/
FY 2011 FY 2011
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
2/
» Per Da y Ja i l Cos ts (non‐federa l ) $71.54 $72.88
Notes:
1/ For the purposes of this document, the FPD account and OFDT are interchangeable.
2/ The per Day Jail Costs reflect the average daily costs for the total detainee population including
detainees convicted of drug offenses.
Discussion:
USMS continues to explore new trafficking, and other law enforcement
approaches to address diminishing initiatives.
detention capacity in an environment of an
increasing detention population resulting For FY 2011, the FPD population convicted
from aggressive immigration, drugs of drug offenses was 21,907, which
constituted 34.7 percent of the total
206 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
detainee population of 63,112. The
detainee population is dependent upon
the number of persons arrested by the
Federal law enforcement agencies coupled
with the length of time defendants are
detained pending adjudication, release, or
subsequent transfer to the Bureau of
Prisons following conviction and
sentencing. Currently, the challenges
facing law enforcement officials at the
Southwest border (SWB) directly affect the
detention population overseen by FPD. In
FY 2013, anticipated law enforcement
initiatives on the SWB addressing drug and
weapons trafficking are expected to
increase the average time‐in detention,
thereby increasing the detainee
population.
A key objective of USMS is to reduce
prisoner processing time via eDesignate, an
enterprise technology solution that
automates the sentence to commitment
business process by transferring data and
documents electronically. All 94 Judicial
Districts use eDesignate, which reduces
post‐sentencing time in detention during
the sentence‐to‐commitment process.
Moreover, USMS supports the National
Drug Control Strategy in continuing to
support alternatives to incarceration
through to pretrial detention, such as
electronic monitoring, halfway house
placement, and drug testing and treatment.
USMS continues to look for efficiencies and
cost avoidance in detention through
process and infrastructure improvements
funded by the FPD account. These
improvements will address the
requirements of affected partner agencies.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 207
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Employment and Training Administration
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Prevention $6.600 $6.600 $6.500
Total Drug Resources by Function $6.600 $6.600 $6.500
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Job Corps $6.600 $6.600 $6.500
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $6.600 $6.600 $6.500
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 0 0 0
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in billions) $11.0 $10.7 $9.7
Drug Resources Percentage 0.06% 0.06% 0.07%
Program Summary
MISSION drug prevention and intervention program
The Job Corps program is administered by for all Job Corps participants.
the Department of Labor’s Employment and
Training Administration (ETA). Established METHODOLOGY
in 1964, Job Corps is a comprehensive, Job Corps’ expenditures for the TEAP
primarily residential, academic and career program are for counselors to prepare Job
technical training program for economically Corps participants for employment,
disadvantaged youth, ages 16‐24. There are including: education on the dangers of
currently 125 Job Corps centers nationwide alcohol, drug and tobacco use; abuse and
in 48 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of prevention awareness activities;
Columbia, providing services to development of programs to prevent
approximately 60,000 at‐risk youth each alcohol, drug and tobacco use and abuse
year to help them acquire high school among the student population;
diplomas and occupational credentials development and coordination of
leading to a career. A component of this community resources to educate students
program that also teaches life skills is the on substance use and abuse; and
Trainee Employment Assistance Program identification of and provision of counseling
(TEAP), which consists of a comprehensive services to students with substance abuse
problems and arrangement of appropriate
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 211
treatment. In addition, the budget includes $0.6 million on drug testing supplies and
100 percent of the cost of drug testing each evaluations.
individual student.
FY 2013 Changes (‐$0.1 million): In FY
BUDGET SUMMARY 2013, Job Corps will reduce the number
The FY 2013 total drug control request for of students in the program, consistent
the ETA’s Job Corps drug prevention with a reduction in funding. However,
activities is $6.5 million, a decrease of $0.1 Job Corps will maintain the high quality
million below the FY 2012 level. of services provided under the Trainee
Employment Assistance Program.
Fewer new students will be enrolled and
Trainee Employment Assistance
tested upon entry in FY 2013, and fewer
Program (TEAP) counselors will be needed.
Total FY 2013 Request: $6.5 million
(Reflects ‐$0.1 million decrease from FY 2012)
Costs associated with Job Corps’ TEAP PERFORMANCE
include salaries of the counselors and the This section provides performance
cost of administering drug testing. The cost information regarding the Job Corps’ drug
of this portion of the program is $5.9 million prevention, education, and employability
per year for the TEAP counselors. In activities for the most recent program year
addition, the Job Corps spends an additional for which data are available.
Job Corps
PY* 2010 PY 2010
Selected Measures of Performance
Target Achieved
» Percent of students tested for drugs upon entry 100% 100%
» Percent of students placed in employment, military or 65.3% 73%
higher education at exit
*Program Year (PY)
Discussion
Job Corps provides training to both students To maintain a drug free environment, the
and staff on drug‐related requirements in Job Corps Director provided training and
the workplace, including employer drug procedures to ensure that each center
testing policies and the effects of drug and operator offered students counseling and
alcohol abuse on employability. education programs related to drug and
alcohol abuse. These programs helped
Job Corps operates under a "Zero students meet the strict criteria for
Tolerance" policy against violence, drugs placement into drug free jobs in the
and various minor rules. During Program military, government and private
Year (PY) 2010, the performance measure companies. In PY 2010 the target of 65.3
to test 100 percent of all students for drugs percent of students place in employment,
upon entry into the program was achieved. military or higher education exiting the
program was achieved at 73 percent.
212 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Job Corps continues to augment its drug
prevention and education activities
throughout the program. In PY 2010, these
activities included the presentation of drug
prevention workshops at Job Corps’ annual
Health and Wellness Conference for Job
Corps center staff. More than 425
practitioners from every aspect of the Job
Corps system attended this conference.
Job Corps also increased basic drug
awareness education training for all center
staff through the use of information
technology. Job Corps provided webinars
and training sessions to assist staff in
identifying the physical symptoms and signs
of drug abuse and recognizing drug
paraphernalia, in becoming familiar with
privacy and confidentiality rules for relevant
records, and with the medical, social and
oral health implications of substance abuse.
In addition, Job Corps participated in
national drug prevention and treatment
campaigns such as Red Ribbon Week and
Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)
activities, and utilized anti‐drug guest
speakers at Job Corps centers nationwide.
Job Corps also developed and implemented
a system wide program with accompanying
curriculum to promote healthy lifestyle
practices for students that included
components on the avoidance of drug and
alcohol abuse.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 213
OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY
OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY
High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Intelligence $62.983 $63.228 $52.600
Interdiction 23.612 20.994 17.465
Investigations 137.519 140.205 116.638
Prevention 3.269 2.530 2.530
Prosecution 4.316 4.747 3.949
Research and Development 2.695 2.700 2.700
Treatment 4.128 4.118 4.118
Total Drug Resources by Function $238.522 $238.522 $200.000
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas $238.522 $238.522 $200.000
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $238.522 $238.522 $200.000
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 0 0 0
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $0.239 $0.239 $0.200
Drug Resources Percentage 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Program Summary
MISSION law enforcement entities participating in
The High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas HIDTA to dismantle and disrupt drug
program (HIDTA) was established by the trafficking organizations, with particular
Anti‐Drug Abuse Act of 1988 to provide emphasis on drug trafficking regions that
assistance to Federal, state, and local law have harmful effects on other parts of the
enforcement entities operating in areas United States.
most adversely affected by drug trafficking.
HIDTA was reauthorized in the Office of METHODOLOGY
National Drug Control Policy All HIDTA resources are scored as a part of
Reauthorization Act of 2006 (P.L. 109‐469). the National Drug Control Budget.
The mission of HIDTA is to disrupt the
market for illegal drugs in the United States
by assisting Federal, state, local, and tribal
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 217
BUDGET SUMMARY required for agencies subject to the
In FY 2013, ONDCP requests $200.0 million, GPRMA.
which is a decrease of $38.5 million from
the FY 2012 enacted level. The HIDTA Discussion
program is scalable and can operate FY 2011 achievements will be reported in
effectively at the proposed lower level. summer 2012 after data have been fully
collected and analyzed. For FY 2010, the
High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas most recent year for which complete data
are available, HIDTA annual reports indicate
Program
Total FY 2013 Request: $200.0 million
there were 691 HIDTA initiatives in the 28
(Reflects $38.5 million decrease from FY 2012) HIDTAs (including the 5 Southwest border
The FY 2013 request includes $200.0 million HIDTA Regions). These initiatives were
to provide assistance to Federal, state, and staffed by approximately 6,240 Federal
local agencies in each HIDTA region to carry agents and analysts and 16,560 state, local,
out activities that address the specific drug and tribal officers, analysts, and other
threats of that region. A central feature of representatives.
the HIDTA program is the discretion granted
to HIDTA Executive Boards to design a HIDTA initiatives identified 8,693 DTOs
strategy to respond to the specific drug operating in their areas of responsibility, of
trafficking threats found in each HIDTA which 2,968 were disrupted or dismantled
region and to develop initiatives to in FY 2010. Nearly two‐thirds (64%) of
implement the strategy. This flexibility these disrupted and dismantled DTOs were
allows each HIDTA Executive Board to tailor identified as part of a multi‐state or
its strategy and initiatives to local international operation. In the process,
conditions expediting a more focused HIDTA initiatives removed significant
response to changes in those conditions. quantities of drugs from the market
(detailed below) and seized $774 million in
FY 2013 Changes (‐$38.5 million): The cash and $161 million in non‐cash assets
HIDTA program is funded at a level to from drug traffickers. Moreover, 44
maintain nearly the same level (as FY percent of HIDTAs achieved an average cost
2012) of basic support to all its regions. per DTO disrupted or dismantled below
program average. In 2010, HIDTA task
PERFORMANCE forces seized 1.2 million kg of marijuana;
This section on the FY 2011 performance of 48.3 thousand kg of cocaine powder; 5.1
the HIDTAs is based on program documents thousand kg of methamphetamine; 4.4
and other information. Since ONDCP is part thousand kg of Ice; 7.3 thousand kg of
of the Executive Office of the President, it heroin; and 7.7 million outdoor marijuana
does not meet the definition of “agency” plants plus 241.9 thousand indoor
under the Government Performance and marijuana plants.
Results Modernization Act of 2010
(GPRMA). Accordingly, HIDTA establishes Domestic Marijuana Project
measures and targets for internal In FY 2010, ONDCP provided $3.1 million in
management but does not report them as is HIDTA discretionary funding to the
218 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
Domestic Marijuana Project (DMP)4. These training to 2,239 law enforcement
resources are used for officer overtime, personnel. The NMPI provides assistance to
aviation flying hours, special equipment states and retailers in implementing the
purchases, and other investigative costs, Federal Combat Meth Act regulations and
and to help coordinate eradication efforts the tracking of retail sale
by the DEA’s Domestic Cannabis pseudoephedrine/ephedrine products.
Eradication/Suppression Program (DCE/SP), Furthermore, the NMPI continues its work
the Department of the Interior, the to educate state and local leaders on efforts
Department of Agriculture, the Department to reduce methamphetamine production
of Defense (National Guard), and M75 via “prescription‐only” scheduling of certain
states’ agencies. Approximately 8.86 over the counter medicines containing
million plants were eradicated from precursor chemicals, as well as other
outdoor grows in the M7 States in FY 2010, tracking mechanisms.
a decrease of 370,000 plants from FY 2009.
National Southwest Border
National Methamphetamine and Counternarcotics Strategy
Pharmaceuticals Initiative (NMPI) In FY 2011, ONDCP released an updated
In FY 2010, ONDCP provided $500,000 in National Southwest Border
HIDTA baseline funding and $200,000 in Counternarcotics Strategy (SWB Strategy).
HIDTA discretionary funding to the NMPI. The HIDTA program, specifically the five
The purpose of the NMPI is to counter the regions of the Southwest Border (SWB)
production, distribution, and consumption HIDTA, continues to play major roles in the
of methamphetamine and precursor implementation of the SWB Strategy. The
chemicals in the United States, as well as multi‐agency HIDTA task forces along the
the illegal diversion of pharmaceutical drugs border address all six strategic objectives
through training, information sharing, outlined in this Strategy. While continuing
assisting in targeting criminal enterprises to participate in various initiatives along the
involved in these activities, and entire border, the SWB HIDTA increased its
investigative support. In FY 2011, the NMPI focus on initiatives in support of the SWB
continued to sponsor and manage trainings Strategy. Improved and enhanced
attended by U.S. Federal, state, local, and cooperation, communications, and
tribal law enforcement and international coordination are an integral part of the
partners such as China and Canada. As a SWB HIDTA as it assists in the
result of NMPI’s efforts, in 2010, 5,689 law implementation of this Strategy. To that
enforcement personnel received training end, secured communication, through
related to methamphetamine, chemicals, SIPRNET, has been established at three of
pharmaceuticals, and drug endangered the five Regions of the SWB HIDTA with a
children issues. In the first 2 quarters of FY fourth Region expected to be online with its
2011 the NMPI provided pharmaceuticals own access in FY 2012. In addition, the
2011 SWB CN Strategy dedicates a chapter
to the development of strong, resilient U.S.
4
Previously known as the DMEIP which was renamed the
Domestic Marijuana Project in FY 2011
communities that resist criminal activity
5
M7 refers to seven states known as the Marijuana Seven. These and promote healthy lifestyles.
include California, Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, Kentucky,
Tennessee, and West Virginia.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 219
OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY
Other Federal Drug Control Programs
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Prevention $129.740 $92.000 $108.600
Research and Development 10.878 12.150 10.000
Treatment 0.000 1.400 0.000
Total Drug Resources by Function $140.618 $105.550 $118.600
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Drug‐Free Communities 94.810 92.000 88.600
Anti‐Doping Activities 8.982 9.000 8.100
World Anti‐Doping Agency Dues 1.896 1.900 1.900
Youth Drug Prevention Media Program 34.930 0.000 20.000
Section 1105 of P.L. 109‐469 0.000 1.250 0.000
Drug Court Training and Technical Assistance 0.000 1.400 0.000
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $140.618 $105.550 $118.600
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 1 1 1
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $0.141 $0.106 $0.119
Drug Resources Percentage 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Program Summary
MISSION METHODOLOGY
The Anti‐Drug Abuse Act of 1988, as All ONDCP Other Federal Drug Control
amended, and the Office of National Drug Program resources are scored as a part of
Control Policy (ONDCP) Reauthorization Act the National Drug Control Budget.
of 2006, established this account to be
administered by the Director of ONDCP. The BUDGET SUMMARY
funds appropriated to the program support In FY 2013, ONDCP requests $118.6 million
high‐priority drug control programs and for the Other Federal Drug Control
may be transferred to drug control Programs (OFDCP), which is an increase of
agencies. $13.0 million above the FY 2012 enacted
level. OFDCP has four decision units: Media
Campaign; Drug‐Free Communities (DFC);
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 221
Anti‐doping Activities; and World Anti‐ organizations (e.g., Boys and Girls Clubs, Y’s,
Doping Agency (WADA). SADD chapters, and coalitions receiving
funding from ONDCP’s Drug‐Free
Youth Drug Prevention Media Program Communities program) with messaging
FY 2013 Request: $20 million most relevant to them and seeking their
(Reflects $20.0 million increase from FY 2012)
participation in the Program through
The FY 2013 request of $20.0 million will
activities in the Above the Influence Activity
sustain the Youth Drug Prevention Media
Toolkit.
Program’s (Program) ability to reach teens
with effective “Above the Influence” (ATI)
FY 2013 Changes ($20.0 million): The
messaging to counter the abundance of
Youth Drug Prevention Media Program
pro‐drug messages in teens’ lives and to
will continue to build upon the high
provide messages to youth about the risks
level of awareness of its ATI brand with
associated with drug use. This is especially
teens by executing its multi‐tiered
important given the recent National Survey
messaging approach – strong
on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and
community‐level local ATI drug
Monitoring the Future (MTF) data showing
prevention efforts delivered through
illicit drug use continues to trend up. MTF
various youth‐serving organizations
data released in December 2011 shows
combined with a base level of national‐
there has been an upward trend in the use
level ATI messaging to maintain the
of marijuana over the past 5 years among
integrity of the ATI brand.
10th and 12th graders. Because most drug
users initiate use with marijuana by itself or Drug‐Free Communities Support Program
in combination with other substances, the FY 2013 Request: $88.6 million
ATI campaign remains a vitally important (Reflects $3.4 million decrease from FY 2012)
part of the National Drug Control Strategy The FY 2013 resources of $88.6 million will
to prevent illicit drug use. support the development of drug‐free
community coalitions (DFCs) throughout
The requested funds will ensure the the United States. The program provides up
Program is able to implement its two‐tiered to $125,000 per year in grant funding to
messaging strategy by delivering a base local drug‐free community coalitions, which
level of national‐level prevention messaging must be matched at a minimum 1:1 ratio by
via highly‐targeted television and internet‐ local communities. These grants are
based advertising (including a strong online awarded through peer‐reviewed annual
and social media presence to support the competitions. Community coalitions strive
growing ATI Facebook community of over to increase community involvement and
750,000 teens); and more targeted and effectiveness in carrying out a wide array of
customizable ATI efforts focusing on drug prevention strategies, initiatives, and
individual communities. This approach activities.
allows the Program to continue to reach all
teens across the country with a highly FY 2013 Changes (‐$3.4 million): DFC
visible national media presence, while will fully fund more than 600 DFC
actively engaging youth at the community grants, as well as continue the national
level through various youth‐serving
222 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
cross‐site evaluation of DFC program
effectiveness.
Anti‐Doping Activities
FY 2013 Request: $8.1 million
(Reflects $0.9 million decrease from FY 2012)
The FY 2013 resources of $8.1 million will
continue efforts to educate athletes on the
dangers of drug use and eliminate doping in
amateur athletic competitions recognized
by the United States Olympic Committee.
Specifically, these funds support athlete
drug testing programs, research initiatives,
educational programs, and efforts to inform
athletes of the newly adopted rules
governing the use of prohibited substances
outlined in the World Anti‐Doping Code (the
Code). In addition, funds will support legal
efforts to enforce compliance with the Code
and adjudicate athlete appeals involving
doping violations.
FY 2013 Changes (‐$0.9 million): The
budget will continue to support the
anti‐doping efforts.
World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) Dues
FY 2013 Request: $1.9 million
(Reflects no change from FY 2012)
The FY 2013 resources of $1.9 million will
support WADA’s mission to address
performance enhancing and illicit drug use
in Olympic sports. The organization is
jointly funded by national governments and
the international sporting movement. The
United States continues to play a leadership
role in WADA’s development by serving on
the agency’s governing Executive
Committee and Foundation Board.
FY 2013 Changes (no change): Funds
will support drug testing operations,
athlete drug education and prevention
efforts, and research.
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 223
PERFORMANCE awareness of ATI is associated with greater
Youth Drug Prevention Media Program anti‐drug beliefs, fewer drug use intentions,
This section on the FY 2011 performance of and less marijuana use. This study provides
the Youth Drug Prevention Media Program further evidence of positive campaign
(Program) is based on program documents effects and may strengthen reliance on
and other information. mass media health persuasion campaigns as
a useful adjunct to other programs
The Program is the sole, steadfast national targeting youth.
anti‐drug messaging vehicle. It has two
distinct areas of focus: a teen‐targeted The ATI Program ran nationally (Tier One)
“Above the Influence” (ATI) campaign beginning in September 2011 with new
(including a component to reach influencers advertising and a broader anti‐drug
of youth such as parents and coaches) and a message focusing on substances typically
young adult‐targeted Anti‐ associated with first use rather than a
Methamphetamine (Meth) campaign. singular focus on a specific substance, such
as marijuana. The Campaign encouraged
The Program will build upon the high level increased participation with the ATI brand
of teen awareness of its ATI brand to through its growing Facebook community of
execute the multi‐tiered approach over 750,000 fans of ATI and is adding
advocated in the National Drug Control approximately 5,000 fans per week.
Strategy – a baseline level of national ATI Additional Tier Two local messaging
messaging combined with stronger local ATI (including additional localized ATI
drug prevention efforts delivered through advertising, outreach, and youth events)
various youth‐serving organizations. This was delivered in over 20 communities.
multi‐tiered message delivery strategy
strikes an effective balance between broad, The Youth Ad Tracking Survey of 2011
national‐level ATI prevention messaging indicates the following:
(Tier One) and more targeted and In FY 2011, Campaign research indicated
customizable efforts focusing on local an average of 85 percent of the
communities (Tier Two). Campaign’s target audience was aware
of the “Above the Influence” brand.
Discussion This figure is comparable to other teen‐
The ATI measurement survey results from targeted national brands such as Coca
the past 5 years show that teens that are Cola, Burger King, and Nike;
aware of or engaged with ATI are more This awareness figure continued to be
likely to hold stronger anti‐drug beliefs – significantly higher than other national
suggesting the ATI messaging is resonating social marketing campaigns including
with teens and appears to be the American Legacy Foundation’s teen‐
demonstrating positive Campaign effects. targeted anti‐tobacco Truth Campaign
with an awareness of 57 percent; and
A 2011 empirical assessment (Scheier et al, Most importantly, according to the
J. Drug Education, Vol. 41(4) 431‐461, 2011) Youth Ad Tracking Survey there
of the ATI campaign from November 2005 continues to be a positive association
to January 2008 also suggests that between increased awareness levels of
224 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
ATI advertising and stronger anti‐drug Since the inception of the DFC Program,
beliefs. Specifically, teens that were nearly 2,000 community coalitions
aware of the ATI held stronger anti‐drug addressing youth substance use have been
beliefs (including the risks of using drugs funded. During FY 2011, there were a total
and the benefits of not using drugs) of 726 DFC grants in the field (including
than teens unaware of the ATI. both the DFC and DFC Mentoring
Programs). A total of 57 grantees will
The Campaign’s anti‐meth efforts were graduate out of the DFC Program after
directed at young adults as national drug receiving 10 years of funding, with 29
prevalence data show substantially higher completing their first 5 years of funding in
use rates for 18‐25 year olds. The 2011 September 2012.
Anti‐Meth campaign ran from September
through December 2011 in 15 states with While DFC grantees report process data
elevated methamphetamine use. This twice a year, they report outcome data
Campaign: every 2 years. As part of a new evaluation
Reached 75 percent of the target contract, the methodology was refined to
audience an average of 10 times during assess more clearly the program’s
the campaign, through paid advertising effectiveness and to reduce the data
in the 15 states with the highest collection burden on DFC grantees. The
methamphetamine use modified Coalition Online Management and
Provided a mechanism for local Evaluation Tool (COMET) is expected to
organizations and community coalitions launch in the Spring of 2012. DFC grantees
to receive free anti‐meth resources will be trained on using the new system
including customizable versions of the beginning in April 2012. Outcome reporting
ads (e.g. TV, print, radio, out‐of‐home is scheduled for May and August 2012
billboards, and posters) for use as (depending on each grantee’s reporting
public‐service announcements. schedule) with full compliance mandated
for all grantees by February 2013.
Drug Free Communities Support Program
This section on the FY 2011 performance of The next report for the DFC Program,
the DFC is based on program documents including data from January 2002 through
and other information. Since ONDCP is part November 2010, will be available mid‐2012.
of the Executive Office of the President, it Meanwhile, the following findings are based
does not meet the definition of “agency” on the latest available data from January
under the Government Performance and 2002‐November 2009:
Results Modernization Act of 2010 12 percent reduction of middle school
(GPRMA). Accordingly, DFC establishes alcohol use;
measures and targets for internal 28 percent reduction of middle school
management but does not report them as tobacco use;
required for agencies subject to the 24 percent reduction of middle school
GPRMA. marijuana use;
8 percent reduction of high school
Discussion alcohol use;
NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary 225
17 percent reduction of high school use declined significantly (‐1.8 percentage
tobacco use; and points).
11 percent reduction of high school
marijuana use. The DFC Program also collects data on
measures related to the extent to which
To summarize, past 30‐day use declined coalitions are able to effectively address risk
significantly across all substances (alcohol, and protective factors that affect youth
tobacco, marijuana) and all grade levels substance use. In FY 2010, 68 percent of
(middle and high school) between DFC DFC coalitions reported a decrease in at
coalitions’ first and their most recent data least 1 risk factor in their communities and
report. Prevalence of 30‐day use was lower 83 percent reported an increase in at least 1
across all substances for DFC high school protective factor in their communities. In
students than among a nationally‐ addition, DFC coalitions reported positive
representative sample of high school changes in youth perceptions with 92
students taking the Youth Risk Behavior percent reporting improvement in at least 2
Survey (YRBS). Differences in prevalence of school grades of youth perception of risk
30‐day use between DFC and YRBS were and 90 percent reporting improvement in at
statistically significant for alcohol in 2003, least 2 grades of youth perception of
2005, 2007, and 2009. Differences in parental disapproval of use. Finally, 91
prevalence of 30‐day use were also percent of DFC coalitions reported at least a
statistically significant for marijuana in 5 percent improvement in 30‐day youth use
2003, 2005, and 2007, but not in 2009. in at least 1 grade and 94 percent reported
High school tobacco use continues to an increase in the age of onset in at least 2
decline significantly in DFC grantee grades.
communities: between DFC grantees’ 2009
data report and their previous report
(typically from 2007), high school tobacco
226 NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY: FY 2013 Budget and Performance Summary
OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY
Salaries and Expenses
Resource Summary
Budget Authority (in Millions)
FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013
Final Enacted Request
Drug Resources by Function
Interdiction $5.341 $5.073 $4.848
International 5.339 5.073 4.847
Investigations 3.256 3.094 2.957
Prevention 4.297 4.083 3.902
Research and Development 1.297 0.000 0.000
State and Local Assistance 3.256 3.094 2.957
Treatment 4.297 4.083 3.902
Total Drug Resources by Function $27.084 $24.500 $23.413
Drug Resources by Decision Unit
Operations $25.786 $24.500 $23.413
Policy Research 1.297 0.000 0.000
Total Drug Resources by Decision Unit $27.084 $24.500 $23.413
Drug Resources Personnel Summary
Total FTEs (direct only) 99 98 98
Drug Resources as a Percent of Budget
Total Agency Budget (in Billions) $0.027 $0.025 $0.023
Drug Resources Percentage 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Program Summary
MISSION consolidated National Drug Control Budget,
The Office of National Drug Control