Isotopes

							Ions
           Ions
   atoms of a given element that
 differ in the number of electrons,
…and consequently in overall charge.
         Ions
periodic patterns regarding ions
             Ions
metal ions    vs.   nonmetal ions
Working with Atomic Notation



A     X            #          Ionic Charge

    Z                               or
                           “Oxidation Number”


         Chemical Symbol
Working with Atomic Notation

     35
                 -1
     17   Cl
Working with Ionic Notation

               -1
      Cl
Working with Atomic Notation


23      Na            +1
     11
Working with Ionic Notation



     Na          +1
                      Ions
• Anion
  – Negatively charged ion.


• Cation
  – Positively charged ion.
                   6
neutral Carbon                  ionic Carbon
                  C
                 Carbon

                 12.011




# of p+                   # of p+

# of no                   # of no

# of e-                   # of e-
neutral Lithium     3             ionic Lithium
                  Li
                  Lithium

                  6.941




# of p+                     # of p+

# of no                     # of no

# of e-                     # of e-
                         17

                        Cl
                       Chlorine

                       34.453

Chlorine…the neutral atom            Chlorine…the ion

  # of p+                         # of p+

  # of no                         # of no

  # of e-                         # of e-
                          11

                      Na
                      Sodium

                      22.990

Sodium…the neutral atom           Sodium…the ion

 # of p+                       # of p+

 # of no                       # of no

  # of e-                      # of e-
               Octet Rule
• The octet rule says that atoms tend to
  gain, lose or share electrons so as to have
  eight electrons in their outer electron
  shell.
   Transition Metal Ions
Transition Metal Ions are different than
other metal ions.
    Yes, they are all positive but…
1) There are no predictable patterns that can
be used to determine their ionic charges
2) A good number of transition metal elements
possess an ability to have more than one
positive ion.
1) There are no predictable patterns that can
be used to determine their ionic charges
1) There are no predictable patterns that can
be used to determine their ionic charges

         Mn   +7               Co +2
                     Fe +2
1) There are no predictable patterns that can
be used to determine their ionic charges

         Ag   +1               Cu +2
2) A good number of transition metal
elements possess an ability to have more
than one positive ion.

           Fe +2       Fe +3
2) A good number of transition metal
elements possess an ability to have more
than one positive ion.

               Al +3
2) A good number of transition metal
elements possess an ability to have more
than one positive ion.
Mn+2       Mn   +3   Mn +4      Mn +5


                                     Mn +7
Working with Ions (practice)
 atomic
 (ionic)   # of p+   # of e-   # of no
notation
 Ca o

 Ca +2

  No

  N -3
     Working with more Ions (practice)
               atomic
  name         (ionic)   # of p+   # of e-   # of no
              notation
 the ion of
magnesium
 the ion of
  oxygen
 the ion of
  fluorine
 the ion of
  lithium
                  Review problem
Draw the following ions and (neutral) atoms using the
Octet Rule/Model of the atom. (Valence Shell Only)

   a) Ne o
   b) Mg +2
   c) Na +1

   d) N -3
Working with Ions (more practice)
    atomic
    (ionic)   # of p+   # of e-   # of no
   notation
     Ko

     K +1

     Io

     I -1
    Naming Ions
 Predictable Metal Ions, Unpredictable
Transition Metal Ions, and Nonmetal Ions
          are named differently
       Naming Ions
                     Naming Ions


    Nonmetal Ions                   Metal Ions



Non Transition Metal Ions          Transition Metal Ions
               Naming Ions
   metal ions                   vs.            nonmetal ions
keep the atoms elemental name     keep the atoms elemental root
…add the word ion                 …drop the ending
                                  …add the suffix –ide.
                                  (using the word ion is redundant and not
                                  acceptable when naming nonmetal ions)
           Naming
    Transition Metal Ions
         -Use the complete elemental name (as
         expected).

  The    -Use roman numerals to designate the
 Stock   ionic charge or oxidation number of the
System   transition metal ion.

         -Use the word ion to designate its ionic
         nature.
   Transition Metal Ions

Fe +2 ____________   Cu +2 ____________

Fe +3 ____________   Mn +5 ____________

Cu +1 ____________   Mn +7 ____________
       Naming Review
He _____________     Mg +2 ____________

F -1 _____________   Ni +2 ____________

O -2 _____________   Li +1 ____________