s orbitals
GROUP
Periodic Table of the Elements
p orbitals
1A H
Hydrogen
2A
8A He
4.003
Helium
1 2 3
PERIOD
1.008
Li
Lithium
1
Be
Beryllium
3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 2 B C N O F Ne
Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
6.94
9.013
10.82 12.011 14.008
16
19
20.183
3 Na
Sodium
4 Mg
Magnesium
d orbitals
Al
Aluminum
5
Si
6
P
7
S
Sulfur
8
Cl
Chlorine
9
10
A
Silicon Phosphorus
Argon
22.991
24.32
26.98
28.09 30.975 32.066 35.457 39.944
11
12
K
Ca
Calcium
3B Sc
Scandium
4B Ti
Titanium
5B 6B 7B V Cr Mn Fe
Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron
8B Co Ni
Cobalt Nickel
9B 10B 13 14 15 Cu Zn Ga Ge As
Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic
Se
Selenium
16
Br
Bromine
17
Kr
Krypton
18
4 5 6 7
Potassium
39.1
40.08
44.96
47.9
50.95
52.01
54.94
55.85
58.94
58.71
63.54
65.38
69.72
72.6
74.91
78.96 79.916
83.8
Rb
Rubidium
19
Sr
Strontium
20
85.48
87.63
Lanthanide Series La
Lanthanum
f orbitals Nd
144.27
21
Y
Zr
Zirconium
22
Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
Niobium MolybdenumTechnetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium
23
24
25
99
26
27
28
29
30
In
Indium
31
Sn
Tin
32
Sb Bi
Bismuth
33
Te Po
Polonium
34
35
I
Xe
Xenon
36
Yttrium
Antimony Tellurium
Iodine
88.92
91.22
92.91
95.95
101.1 102.91 106.4 107.88 112.41 114.82 118.7 121.76 127.61 126.91 131.3
Cs
Cesium
37
Ba
Barium
38
Ce
Cerium
Pr
Praseodymium
Pm
145
Sm
150.35
Eu
Europium
Gd
Gadolinium
Tb
Terbium
Dy
Dysprosium
Ho
Holmium
Er
Erbium
Tm
Thulium
Yb
Ytterbium
Lu
Lutetium
39
Hf
Hafnium
40
Ta
73
41
W
74
42
Re Os
Osmium
43
44
45
Ir
Pt
Platinum
46
Au Hg
Gold Mercury
47
48
Tl
Thallium
49
Pb
Lead
50
51
52
At Rn
Astatine Radon
53
54
Neodymium Promethium Samarium
Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium
Iridium
132.91
137.56
138.92
140.13
140.92
152
157.26
158.93
162.51
164.94
167.27
168.94
173.4
174.99
178.5
180.95 183.86 186.22 190.2
192.2 195.09
197
200.61 204.39 207.21
209
210
(210)
(222)
Fr
Francium
55
Ra
Radium
56
Ac
Actinium
57
Th
Thorium
58
Pa
Protactinium
59
60
U
Np
Neptunium
61
Pu
Plutonium
62
Am Cm
Americium Curium
63
64
Bk
Berkelium
65
Cf
249
66
Es
255
67
Fm
255
68
Md
256
69
No
253
70
Lw
(260)
71
Rf
(261)
72
Db Sg
(262) (263)
Bh Hs Mt
Hassium Meitnerium
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Uranium
Californium Einsteinium
Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium
Lawrencium Ruthenium
Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium
(223)
226.05
227
232.05
231
238.07
237
242
243
245
249
(262)
(265)
(266)
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109