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Document Sample
Challenges and
Opportunities
Jim Purcell
Thomas Jefferson:
“I was a revolutionary
so that my children
could farm and so their
children could do art.”
We are all on a journey
"If I could rest anywhere, it would be in
Arkansas, where the men are of the real
half-horse, half-alligator breed such as
grows nowhere else on the face of the
universal earth."
Davey Crockett
State Per Capita Personal Income v. Share of Adult
Population with Bachelor's Degree or Higher (2006)
2002= 19.7% DC
$38,000
No state with a low
proportion of
$36,000 Bachelor’s degrees
CT
has a high per capita
$34,000
income.
NJ
$32,000 MD MA
Per Capita Income
$30,000 VA
18.2% DE
NY NH
$28,000 RI MN
CA
AK IL CO
$26,000 WA VT
NV
WI FL No state with a high
WY MI PA HI
$24,000 IA
ME GA
OR KS proportion of
MO AZ
IN OH NC
ND
NE Bachelor’s degrees
$22,000 TN TX MT
AL
SC
SD
UT
has a low per capita
KY NM
$20,000 OK
income.
AR LA ID
WV
$18,000
MS
$16,000
15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Percentage of Adult Population with a Bachelor's Degree or Higher
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2006
Investing in Higher Education
• Arizona Gov. Janet Napolitano (D) proposed a compact with the state’s eighth-
graders: Stay out of trouble and get Bs in high school, and we’ll give you a college
education. Napolitano also pledged to double the number of bachelor’s degrees
awarded by her state’s colleges by 2020.
• Michigan Gov. Jennifer Granholm (D) also set a goal of doubling the number of
college graduates. She wants to expand a pilot program that gives students an
associate college degree after a five-year high school program and reward colleges
that manage to graduate students, as opposed to just enrolling them.
• West Virginia Gov. Joe Manchin III (D) includes $50 million for the “Bucks for
Brains” initiative to recruit faculty and build infrastructure with the goal of finding
success in fields that could result in profits.
• Ohio Gov. Ted Strickland (D): wants to pay for students to spend their final year of
high school on a college campus for free. He also wants to make Ohio one of the 10
least-expensive states to attend college.
• Tennessee’s Phil Bredesen (D) suggested lowering the GPA threshold that college
students must maintain to keep their Hope Scholarship from a 3.0 to 2.75.
• South Dakota’s Mike Rounds (R) said another 200 students could join the 3,465 who
already receive the state’s Opportunity Scholarships if the ACT score requirement
were lowered from 24 to 23
• Missouri’s Matt Blunt (R) asked for $100 million for Access Missouri scholarships, a
sum that would quadruple the state’s investment in need-based grants.
• Idaho’s C.L. "Butch" Otter (R) proposed in his address Jan. 7 spending $50 million
for scholarships for low-income students.
The 2010 Meltdown
Solving the Impending Jobs Crisis
• up to 50 percent of America’s adult
population today lacks the advanced
skills that are the foundation for
most future high-paying jobs in
today’s complex knowledge
economy.
Arkansas:
• BLS assures us that over the long
term, labor supply and demand will
Edward E. Gordon
balance. (pg 18)
Legislative Taskforce on
Remediation, Retention
and Graduation
• Goal: Reach the SREB average for citizens with
bachelor’s degrees by 2015. (projected to be 27%).
• Arkansas is currently at 18.2%.
• Arkansas is currently producing 11,186 bachelor degrees per
year and at this rate of production Arkansas will have 337,256
citizens with bachelor’s degrees by 2015.
• To reach the SREB average, Arkansas must increase the
current production of bachelor’s degrees by 64% (7,098 more
graduates per year).
Strengthening the
Arkansas Education
Pipeline
Percent 96-97 Arkansas 9th Grader’s Progression
into High School and College (percent)
100
74
Fall 2000 College Freshmen
46
41
100% 29
71% 12
16 4
28%
9th Grade High School Enrolled First-tim e Retained Graduated With With
Enrollm ent Grads Directly into Full-tim e After 1 Year Within 6 Associate Bachelor
College Degree Years Degree Degree
Seeking
Cohort
96-97 Arkansas 9th Grader’s Progression into
High School and College (number)
37,160
Fall 2000 College Freshmen
27,335
17,116
15,172
100% 10,701
4,324
71% 5,817 1,493
28%
9th Grade High School Enrolled First-tim e Retained Graduated With With
Enrollm ent Grads Directly into Full-tim e After 1 Year Within 6 Associate Bachelor
College Degree Years Degree Degree
Seeking
Cohort
Competing Globally
• 28,532 Arkansas high school graduates
• How many high school graduates in
Dallas/Fort Worth MSA? 40,906
• All of Texas 240,485
• US 3,152,000
• China 9,500,000
Catching Up
• What can be done? What is possible?
What are the issues?
• What is the solution?
• Will Arkansas seek to participate in the
modern-global-technological society in
a capacity other than being a provider
of low-skilled cheap labor?
Arkansas College-Going Rate
65%
63.9%
62.0%
60% 60.9%
60.8%
59.4% 59.3%
55%
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
Source: Arkansas Higher Education Information System
Reading Remediation Rates by County
Fall 2007
Arkansas_cnty.shp
% Needing Remediation
12 - 25
26 - 49
50 - 74
First-time entering (full- and part-time) students seeking
an associate or baccalaureate degree.
English Remediation Rates by County
Fall 2007
Arkansas_cnty.shp
% Needing Remediation
16 - 25
26 - 49
50 - 69
First-time entering (full- and part-time) students seeking
an associate or baccalaureate degree.
Math Remediation Rates by County
Fall 2007
Arkansas_cnty.shp
% Needing Remediation
23 - 25
26 - 49
50 - 81
First-time entering (full- and part-time) students seeking
an associate or baccalaureate degree.
Unduplicated Remediation Rates by County
Fall 2007
Arkansas_cnty.shp
% Needing Remediation
33 - 49
50 - 74
First-time entering (full- and part-time) students seeking
an associate or baccalaureate degree.
75 - 93
English Remediation
Count of Students
100.0%
80.0%
Academic Year
60.0%
EnglishRemediated
2008 - NR
2008 - Remed
40.0%
20.0%
0.0%
NETTLETON
RIVERSIDE
BAY HIGH
JONESBORO
WESTSIDE
CENTRAL HS
VIEW HIGH
BROOKLAND
CARAWAY
BUFFALO IS.
SCHOOL
VALLEY
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HighSchool
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
BAY HIGH SCHOOL
BROOKLAND HIGH
Count of St udent s
SCHOOL
BUFFALO IS. CENTRAL HS
CARAWAY HIGH SCHOOL
JONESBORO HIGH
HighSchool
SCHOOL
NETTLETON HIGH
SCHOOL
Reading Remediation
RIVERSIDE HIGH SCHOOL
VALLEY VIEW HIGH
SCHOOL
WESTSIDE HIGH SCHOOL-
Jonesboro
2008 - NR
Academic Year
2008 - Remed
ReadingRemediat ed
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
BAY HIGH SCHOOL
BROOKLAND HIGH
Count of St udent s
SCHOOL
BUFFALO IS. CENTRAL HS
CARAWAY HIGH SCHOOL
JONESBORO HIGH
HighSchool
SCHOOL
NETTLETON HIGH SCHOOL
Math Remediation
RIVERSIDE HIGH SCHOOL
VALLEY VIEW HIGH
SCHOOL
WESTSIDE HIGH SCHOOL-
Jonesboro
2008 - NR
Academic Year
2008 - Remed
Mat hRemediat ed
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
0.00%
BAY HIGH
SCHOOL
Students
BROOKLAND
HIGH
BUFFALO IS.
CENTRAL HS
JONESBORO
HIGH
NETTLETON
Site Name
HIGH
College-Going Rate
RIVERSIDE
HIGH
VALLEY
VIEW HIGH
WESTSIDE
HIGH
Attended
College-Goin
Did Not Att
Knowing is half the battle.
GI Joe, Action figure and comic book character
Unduplicated Number of Fall First-Time Freshmen Assigned to
Remediation for 2007-2008
All
First-Time English Math Reading
Institution Remedial
Freshmen
% % % %
ASUJ 1,733 46.68% 28.16% 38.72% 25.45%
ATU 1,543 42.90% 25.92% 34.28% 22.29%
HSU 803 38.11% 23.66% 30.76% 20.67%
SAUM 537 55.87% 40.97% 42.27% 37.43%
UAF 2899 10.93% 3.69% 7.07% 3.73%
UAFS 1,138 44.02% 18.63% 38.05% 15.82%
UALR 862 54.99% 33.76% 43.16% 31.55%
UAM 533 64.73% 46.53% 56.10% 43.15%
UAPB 819 91.70% 75.46% 84.86% 73.63%
UCA 1,793 29.89% 4.13% 28.00% 6.97%
Total Four-Year 12,660 39.50% 22.50% 33.02% 21.09%
Unduplicated Number of Fall First-Time Freshmen Assigned to
Remediation for 2007-2008
All
First-Time English Math Reading
Institution Remedial
Freshmen
% % % %
ANC 298 84.90% 55.03% 81.54% 52.35%
ASUB 775 62.97% 38.32% 56.52% 31.10%
ASUMH 175 64.57% 34.86% 51.43% 26.29%
ASUN 153 79.74% 58.17% 71.90% 45.10%
BRTC 319 72.41% 52.98% 52.66% 42.95%
CCCUA 152 82.24% 60.53% 76.97% 54.61%
EACC 256 84.38% 60.94% 70.31% 58.59%
MSCC 280 80.00% 60.36% 70.36% 54.29%
NAC 322 63.98% 42.55% 43.48% 34.16%
NPCC 304 83.88% 49.01% 80.26% 38.16%
NWACC 1,116 72.58% 38.35% 59.59% 30.82%
OTC 131 75.57% 38.93% 70.99% 28.24%
OZC 228 69.30% 47.81% 46.49% 34.21%
PCCUA 75 86.67% 66.67% 72.00% 64.00%
PTC 1,034 87.72% 54.26% 84.24% 53.58%
RMCC 111 72.07% 40.54% 52.25% 33.33%
SACC 137 87.59% 64.23% 78.83% 62.04%
SAUT 160 85.00% 58.75% 74.38% 57.50%
SEAC 166 86.75% 65.06% 79.52% 44.58%
UACCB 216 77.78% 50.46% 70.83% 41.67%
UACCH 195 79.49% 42.05% 65.13% 43.59%
UACCM 453 73.95% 45.92% 65.78% 40.40%
Total Two-Year 7,056 76.67% 48.41% 66.77% 42.05%
Cost of Remediation
$53,800,000
Equivalent to the combined budget of seven of
Arkansas’s community colleges.
Revise remediation instruction
Native Graduation Rates by Cohort
80
70
56.4 Six-Year Rates
54.3 54.3 55.3 55.8
60
17.6
50
19.4
P e rc e nt
36.5 37.9 38.8 38.9 Three-Year Rates
40 34.9 35.2
30
31.3 30 29.8 29.1 30.6 30.0 29.3 29.1
20
10.9 9.0
20.4 20.0 19.8 20.0 20.9 20.1 20.5
10 18.5 18.2
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Cohort Years
Ark Universities Ark Colleges Nat'l Universities Nat'l Colleges
Unrestricted Educational & General Budget
Sources of Revenue
100% 5.8% 6.1% 5.2% 6.0% 6.8% 6.5%
During the 1980’s what percent of college and
0.9% 1.3% 1.5% 1.3% 0.9% 1.1%
university budgets consisted of State Funds? 69 to 70%
75% 35.2% 38.3% 39.7% 41.0% 42.0% 41.5%
1992? 64%
50%
2001? 60%
58.0% 54.3% 53.6%
25% 51.7% 50.3% 50.9%
0%
FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007
State Appropriation Tuition & Fees Local Appropriation Other
Unrestricted Educational & General Budget
Sources of Revenue
100% 5.8% 6.1% 5.2% 6.0% 6.8% 6.5%
0.9% 1.3% 1.5% 1.3% 0.9% 1.1%
75% 35.2% 38.3% 39.7% 41.0% 42.0% 41.5%
50%
58.0% 54.3% 53.6% 51.7% 50.9%
25% 50.3%
0%
FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007
State Appropriation Tuition & Fees Local Appropriation Other
Unrestricted Educational & General Budget
Sources of Revenue
100% 5.8% 6.1% 5.2% 6.0% 6.8% 6.5%
0.9% 1.3% 1.5% 1.3% 0.9% 1.1%
75% 35.2% 38.3% 39.7% 41.0% 42.0% 41.5%
50%
58.0% 54.3% 53.6% 51.7% 50.9%
25% 50.3%
0%
FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007
State Appropriation Tuition & Fees Local Appropriation Other
Academic Challenge/Governor's Scholarship, State Need-Based Aid, Institutional
Scholarships, Student Loans
(in $millions)
$450
$400 395.73
$350
330.92
$300
$250
215.42
$200
$150 141.59
85.85
$100 66.21
34.77
$50
24.97 24.83
13.9
2.9 3.44
$0
'98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07
Academic Challenge/Governor's Scholarship State Need-Based Aid
Institutional Scholarships Student Loans
A Plan
“Speed to Market and Close to Customer”
Ed Barlow, Futurist
“Speed to Market and Close to Customer”
1. Implement a series of initiatives that
expedite the number of degrees produced
and the speed at which degrees are
produced.
2. Enhance the production of degrees in high
–demand programs that are needed for the
modern Arkansas economy.
3. Encourage students to complete a degree
and to work in Arkansas.
The Plan:
“Speed to Market and Close to Customer”
1. Implement a series of initiatives that expedite the
number of degrees produced and the speed at which
degrees are produced.
1. A continuation of the current need-based funding
formula with slight equity modifications
2. A separate performance funding formula
coordinated by ADHE Emphasis on increasing the
# of associate and bachelor degrees as fast as
possible.
3. State-wide annual enrollment management
workshop
4. Continue improving the college matriculation
process: remediation, course articulation,
advising
5. Expand concurrent enrollment
The Plan:
“Speed to Market and Close to Customer”
2. Enhance the production of degrees in high–demand
programs that are needed for the modern Arkansas
economy.
1. Offer Competitive grants to address geographic workforce
shortages for program expansions -probably healthcare in
first cycle –awards will be added to the institution’s base if
degree targets are met within prescribed time period.
2. Establish closer ties with Business and Industry for the
purposes of becoming more responsive.
3. Offer Competitive grants for the purpose of identifying
academic/ technical programs as “Centers of Excellence.”
Selected programs would illustrate quality, attract and
graduate a large number of students. Awards will be added
to the institution’s base if degree targets are met
Top 10 Jobs with the Most Annual
Openings: Associate’s Degree
Required
Registered Nurses 703
Computer Support Specialists 122
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 61
Computer Specialists, All Other 45
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 42
Paralegals and Legal Assistants 41
Respiratory Therapists 37
Dental Hygienists 30
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 29
Physical Therapist Assistants 21
0 150 300 450 600 750
Number of Openings
Arkansas Associate Attainment by Degree
AY 2003-2007 Total
Public and Independent Institutions
Liberal Arts, General Studies 51.8%
Health Professions & Rel. Science 19.8%
Business Mgt./Admin. Services 10.6%
1,000
Engineering-Related Technology 3.5%
Computer & Informational Sciences 2.7% 137
Protective Services 2.6%
Education 1.9%
Home Economics 1.5%
Mechanics And Repairers 1.5%
Multi/Interdisciplinary Stud. 1.3%
Visual & Performing Arts 0.7%
Law and Legal Studies 0.7%
Personal and Miscellaneous Services 0.4%
Precision Production Trades 0.3%
Foreign Languages and Literature 0.1%
Agricultural Business and Production 0.1%
Public Admin. And Services 0.1%
Construction Trades 0.1%
Communications 0.1%
Philosophy & Religion 0.1%
Communications Technologies 0.0%
Parks, Recreation & Leisure Studies 0.0%
Engineering 0.0%
Biological Sci/Life Sciences 0.0%
Theological Studies/Rel. Vocation 0.0%
Conservation and Renewable Natural Resources 0.0%
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0%
Top 10 Jobs with the Most Annual
Openings: Bachelor’s Degree Required
Business Operations Specialists, All Other 348
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 275
Accountants and Auditors 204
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and
195
Vocational Education
Teachers and Instructors, All Other 103
Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational
102
Education
Computer Software Engineers, Applications 86
Network and Computer Systems Administrators 78
Engineers, All Other 76
Computer Systems Analysts 74
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Number of Openings
Arkansas Bachelor's Attainment by Degree
AY 2003-2007 Total
Public and Independent Institutions
Business Mgt./Admin. Services 2,538 23.0%
Education 12.0%
Health Professions & Rel. Sciences 9.9% 1,328
Social Sciences 4.7% 1,095
Psychology 4.7%
Biological Sci/Life Sciences 4.5%
Communications 4.5%
English Language and 3.8%
Visual & Performing Arts 3.5%
Computer & Informational 3.1%
Engineering 3.0% 341
Agricultural Business and 2.4%
Home Economics 2.4%
Protective Services 2.2%
History 2.2%
Parks, Recreation & Leisure 2.2%
Liberal Arts, General Studies 2.1%
Public Admin. And Services 1.8%
Physical Sciences 1.5%
Theological Studies/Rel. Vocation 1.4%
Foreign Languages and Literature 1.1%
Mathematics 1.1%
Engineering-Related Technology 1.0%
Architecture & Related Program 0.5%
Philosophy & Religion 0.5%
Conservation and Renewable 0.5%
Multi/Interdisciplinary Stud. 0.5%
Trans. & Material Moving 0.1%
Area, Ethnic, & Cultural Studies 0.0%
Communications Technologies 0.0%
Construction Trades 0.0%
Law and Legal Studies 0.0%
Leisure and Recreational Acts 0.0%
0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0%
Top 10 Jobs with the Highest Growth
Rate: Master’s Degree Required
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 4.14%
Clergy 3.82%
Psychologists, All Other 3.73%
Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers 3.45%
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 3.36%
Occupational Therapists 3.35%
Epidemiologists 3.28%
Home Economics Teachers, Postsecondary 3.26%
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary 3.17%
Mental Health Counselors 3.15%
0% 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% 3% 4% 4% 5%
Rate of Growth
Arkansas Master's Attainment by Degree
AY 2003-2007 Total
Public and Independent Institutions
Education 36.6%
Business Mgt./Admin. Services 19.5%
Health Professions & Rel. Science 11.8%
Public Admin. And Services 4.3%
Computer & Informational Sciences 2.7%
Engineering 2.7%
Agricultural Business and Production 2.5%
English Language and Literature/Letters 2.1%
Parks, Recreation & Leisure Studies 1.9%
Social Sciences 1.9%
Biological Sci/Life Sciences 1.6%
Psychology 1.6%
Communications 1.6%
Visual & Performing Arts 1.2%
Mathematics 1.1%
Home Economics 1.0%
Library Science 1.0%
History 0.9%
Physical Sciences 0.9%
Theological Studies/Rel. Vocation 0.9%
Foreign Languages and Literature 0.7%
Liberal Arts, General Studies 0.5%
Multi/Interdisciplinary Stud. 0.5%
Conversation and Renewable Natural Resources 0.3%
Law and Legal Studies 0.2%
Area, Ethnic, & Cultural Studies 0.1%
Philosophy & Religion 0.1%
Protective Services 0.1%
0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0%
Top 10 Jobs with the Highest Growth
Rate: Doctoral Degree Required
Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists 5.00%
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers,
3.66%
Postsecondary
Physics Teachers, Postsecondary 3.28%
Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary 3.17%
Postsecondary Teachers, All Other 3.12%
Education Teachers, Postsecondary 3.11%
History Teachers, Postsecondary 3.07%
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary 3.00%
Philosophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary 2.99%
Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary 2.96%
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
Growth Rate
The Plan:
“Speed to Market and Close to Customer”
3. Encourage students to complete a degree program
and to work in Arkansas.
1. Degree completion initiatives
2. Adult financial aid or tax credits
3. Streamline state financial aid programs including the reduction
of loan repayment programs.
4. Add state funds for work-study programs
5. Transfer scholarships
6. Expand internship/work opportunities
7. Train institutions on how to best package financial aid for
maximum impact.
Fundamentals
• Academic Program Viability
– Currently 3,2,1 Needs to be higher. New and old programs
– Assure quality Revise process for academic program review
– New Teacher performance measures
• Compare end of instruction scores of new teachers by university
(controlled for free lunch, etc)
• Financial Viability
– Revise % of tuition revenue that can be used for
institutional scholarships from 30% to 15%. (legislation)
– Monitor institutional financial health
• Percent of budget used for instruction, etc.
• Fund balances at appropriate levels
– Change formula for determining the level of bond debt
that an institution can afford. Subtract out institutional
scholarships
Insanity: Doing the same thing over
and over and expecting different
results.
Albert Einstein
“Speed to Market and Close to Customer”
Ed Barlow, Futurist
Will these efforts
have an impact?
Fall Enrollments at AR Public Institutions
Total Two-Year
47,000
Total Two-Year 45,052
45,000
43,217 43,218
43,000 42,130
41,036 41,275
41,000
38,883 39,262
39,000 38,177
37,582
37,000
35,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Fall Enrollments at AR Public Institutions
Total Four-Year
80,000
76,131
Total Four-Year 74,788 75,506
75,000 71,824 73,009
69,582
70,000
65,000 62,704
60,161 60,812 61,324
60,000
55,000
50,000
45,000
40,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
-10.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
Georgia
Kentucky
Arizona
Texas
Minnesota
68.1%
Nevada
Arkansas
36.6%
North Carolina
Idaho
Oklahoma
Maryland
Missouri
New Jersey
West Virginia
Florida
Indiana
Wyoming
Mississippi
Colorado
Virginia
Utah
Oregon
Michigan
Iowa
United States
New Mexico
22.1%
Montana
Wisconsin
Massachusetts
California
Washington
South Carolina
Tennessee
Maine
Pennsylvania
Alabama
Connecticut
Ohio
Nebraska
South Dakota
Vermont
associate degrees since 1999-2000
DC
Arkansas ranks 7th in the growth of
Kansas
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Completions" survey.
Delaware
Illinois
Growth in Associate Degrees Awarded by Public
Institutions by State from 1999-2000 to 2004-2005
New
Alaska
New York
Hawaii
Louisiana
North Dakota
Rhode Island
-6.6%
-30.0%
-20.0%
-10.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
Utah
Nevada
Minnesota
Georgia
Florida
California
Maine
Oregon
Maryland
Pennsylvania
Arkansas
18.9%
Texas
Indiana
Oklahoma
New Jersey
Colorado
Arizona
South Carolina
Kansas
United States
Ohio
15.0%
Idaho
North Carolina
Wisconsin
Washington
Connecticut
Kentucky
Michigan
Tennessee
Missouri
New York
Virginia
Iowa
West Virginia
Massachusetts
North Dakota
New Mexico
Delaware
Mississippi
Rhode Island
Hawaii
Louisiana
Alaska
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Completions" survey.
Illinois
New Hampshire
Montana
Nebraska
Vermont
Alabama
bachelor’s degrees since 1999-2000
Wyoming
Arkansas ranks 11th in the growth of
35.6% Institutions by State from 1999-2000 to 2004-2005
Growth in Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded by Public
South Dakota
-20.6%
DC
ARKANSAS
15,000 Associate and Bachelor's Degrees Conferred
Since 2001-02, a total of 2,912 528
additional degrees (+24.7%) have been
14,000 380 380
awarded across the State System.
537 537 537
13,000 401 401 401 401
1,066 1,066 1,066 1,066 1,066
12,000
11,000 11,810 11,810 11,810 11,810 11,810 11,810
10,000
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
Enrollment during this same time period increased 21%.
OKLAHOMA
Since 2000-01, a total of 4,668
additional degrees (+24.5%) have been
awarded across the State System.
Enrollment during this same time period only increased 10%.
State Per Capita Personal Income v. Share of Adult
OK05
OK00
Population with Bachelor's Degree or Higher (2005)
$38,000 DC
No state with a low From 2000 to 2004,
$36,000 proportion of Oklahoma increased in
Bachelor’s degrees
$34,000
has a high per capita
the number of bachelor’s
CT
income. degrees for Oklahomans
$32,000 NJ
age 25 and older from
MD
Per Capita Income
MA
$30,000 VA 20.2 to 22.2 and from
$28,000 DE
NY NH 46th to 42nd in the state
RI MN
AK
CA rankings.
CO
$26,000 WA
NV HI IL
WI PA
MI
GA OR
VT No state with a high
WY
$24,000 IA FL proportion of
ME
OH
IN TN NC AZ
MO ND NE KS Bachelor’s degrees
$22,000
KY
AL SD TX
MT has a low per capita
SC
$20,000 OK ID NM UT income.
WV LA
AR
$18,000
MS
$16,000
15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Percentage of Adult Population with a Bachelor's Degree or Higher
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2005
Workforce and Economic Development
Workforce Development
• $4.5 million to increase academic
programs at institutions offering
nursing and allied health care
programs.
• This will produce an additional 300
registered nurses, 130 allied health
professionals and 15 additional
masters level nursing faculty
members annually.
Current Situation
Hospital Staff Vacancies
RN 1129
LPN 221
Physical Therapists 83
Respiratory Therapists 57
Medical Technologist 48
Scrub Techs 44
Pharmacists 39
Occupational Therapists 38
Radiographer 35
Lab Technologist (MLT) 17
Other Needs1 16
Ultrasound Technologist 15
CT Technologist 13
MR Technologist 13
Vascular/ Interventional 7
Nuclear Medical Tech 4
Radiation Therapist 3
0 400 800 1200
RN needs by Location
Percent of state-wide vacancies
4
33
12
35
9
7
Degree Completion is
a National Issue
• A generation ago the U.S. was # 1 in the
world in higher education.
• Currently, the U.S. is #10
• To regain our status and our economic
competitive edge, the U.S will need to
produce a million more bachelor degrees
each year.
Federal Role In Higher Education
• Federal policies implemented through
appropriations rather than general rules and
regulations and have thus affected only
selected kinds of institutions, programs,
students, and faculty.
• GI Bill (1944)
– Within 7 years, approximately 8 million veterans
received educational benefits. ($14 billion)
• National Defense Education Act (1958)
• Higher Education Act of 1965
– Pell grant
– Student loans
<a href="http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1988/Federal-Funds-Higher-Education.html">Federal
Funds for Higher Education - History, Federal Support for Students, Federal Support for Research</a>
Federal Role in the States -2008
• The College Access Challenge Grant
Program (CACGP) is designed to foster
partnerships among Federal, State and
local government entities and philanthropic
organizations to significantly increase the
number of underrepresented students who
enter and remain in postsecondary
education.
• CACGP provides two-year grants to
States to meet the needs of
underrepresented students and families.
College Access Challenge Grant
• Arkansas has been allocated $706,129 from the
federal government to implement this program.
• The state is required to provide non-Federal
funds equal to one third (1/3) of the costs of
authorized activities and services. ($353,000)
• So far: Major commitment by Winthrop
Rockefeller Foundation.
– Cash and in-kind contributions by several state
agencies, associations, colleges and universities.
Federal Role in the States -2008
• New GI Bill (2008)
• Effective Fall 2009 expanded college
benefits for veterans
At the end of WWII, the U.S
made a bold decision to invest
in the future of its economy by
providing $1.9 billion annually
to the education of returning
veterans of the war. This
commitment to human capital
helped enable the WWII
generation to become the
“greatest generation.”
Possibly, Arkansas’s
greatest generation is at the
schoolhouse door waiting
for the opportunity to
propel Arkansas into the
global economy.
civic involvement
volunteer activity by
education levels
50% 45.6% (60 hours)
B.A. or Higher
40%
34.1%
Percentage Volunteering
(52 hours)
Some College
30%
21.7%
(48 hours)
20% High School
Diploma
9.9%
(48 hours)
10%
Less Than
High School
Diploma
0%
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2003). Volunteering in the United States, 2003. USDL03-888. U.S. Department of Labor.
civic involvement
blood donation by
education level, 1994:
percentage who donate regularly
20%
17%
Percentage Donating Blood
B.A. or Higher
15% 13%
11% Some College
10% High School
Diploma
6%
5% Less Than
High School
Diploma
0%
Source: DBD Worldwide. (2000). DBD Lifestyle Survey. Chicago. Available at www.bowlingalone.com.
government
participation assistance
programs
education level
24.3%
Less Than
High School
Diploma
10.2%
High School
Diploma
4.6%
Some College
& Bachelor’s
Degree or More
Ever Participated in Assistance Programs
Source: Postsecondary Education Opportunity, May 28, 1997, pg 47.
government
incarceration rates by
education levels
2.5%
1.9%
2.0%
Percentage Incarcerated
Less Than
High School
1.5% Diploma
1.2%
1.0% High School
Diploma
0.5%
0.3%
Some College 0.1%
B.A. or Higher
0.0%
Source: Harlow, C.W. (2003). Education and Correctional Populations. Bureau of Justice Statistics,
Department of Justice. NCJ195670.
economic
Percent Below Poverty
Threshold, 2004
40%
32%
Percentage Home Ownership
30% Less Than
High School
Diploma
20%
15%
High School
Diploma 10%
10%
Some College
4%
0% B.A. or Higher
Census Bureau
economic
unemployment rates and
education level, 2004
9.7%
10 Less Than
High School
Diploma 7.5%
8
High School
Diploma
6
5.1%
Some College
4.6%
B.A. or Higher
4
2
0
Source: Employment Policy Institute
Quality of Life
Home Ownership
80%
75%
Percentage Home Ownership
B.A. or Higher
69%
70%
High School
66%
Diploma
Some College
60% 58%
Less Than
High School
Diploma
50%
Census Bureau, American Housing Survey for the United States:2005
Safety
Seatbelt Use
while intoxicated, 1990
percentage who use seatbelt
80% 78%
66%
Percentage Donating Blood
B.A. or Higher
60%
52%
41% Some College
39%
40%
Less Than High School 31%
High School Diploma
Diploma 20%
20% 15%
0%
Source: American Journal of Public Health
economic
175
150
Average
family income 125
by educational
Income ($000)
100
attainment, 75
2003 50
25
Source: Postsecondary
Education Opportunity, 2005 0
LT-9 9-12 HSG Some AA BA MA PhD Prof
College
economic
The Impact of Education on Individuals:
Lifetime Earnings
Estimated Difference
Education Level Lifetime Compared to
Earnings High School Graduate
Less than 9th grade $976,350 -$478,903
High school dropout 1,150,698 -304,555
High school graduate 1,455,253 0
Some college, no degree 1,725,822 270,569
Associate degree 1,801,373 346,120
Bachelor's degree $2,567,174 $1,111,921
Master's degree 2,963,076 1,507,823
Doctorate 3,982,577 2,527,324
Professional degree 5,254,193 3,798,940
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 2005
Time and Place
Nearly all economic growth and prosperity for
individuals, families, cities, states, and the country
is now driven by college educated workers.
Those individuals, families, cities, states and –
increasingly—countries with the most education
are prospering, while those with the least higher
education are experiencing relative and often
absolute economic decline.
--Postsecondary Education OPPORTUNITY, June 2005.
Jim Purcell
jpurcell@adhe.edu
501-371-2030
