new ap lifespan exam 2011

							1. The body structures that enable reproduction are the:
   A) primary sex characteristics.
   B) secondary sex characteristics.
   C) teratogens.
   D) sex-linked genes.
   E) schemas.

2. The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by:
   A) Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
   B) Piaget's cognitive development theory.
   C) Kohlberg's moral development theory.
   D) Harlow's attachment theory.
   E) Sinclair's personality theory.

3. Menopause is associated with a reduction in:
   A) adrenaline.
   B) testosterone.
   C) estrogen.
   D) acetylcholine.
   E) dopamine.

4. Erik Erikson suggested that children with a secure attachment to their parents are especially
   likely to experience:
   A) stranger anxiety.
   B) egocentrism.
   C) basic trust.
   D) object permanence.
   E) habituation.

5. Mr. and Mrs. Batson can't wait to begin toilet training their year-old daughter. The Batsons most
   clearly need to be informed about the importance of:
   A) imprinting.
   B) habituation.
   C) fluid intelligence.
   D) maturation.
   E) object permanence.

6. During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, children acquire a:
   A) theory of mind.
   B) concept of conservation.
   C) sense of object permanence.
   D) capacity for abstract reasoning.
   E) personality that will become permanent




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 7. Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-rearing practices on the
    psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Matsuko is a(n) ________
    psychologist.
    A) cognitive
    B) developmental
    C) biological
    D) psychodynamic
    E) educational

 8. The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was simply
    a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of:
    A) assimilation.
    B) egocentrism.
    C) conservation.
    D) accommodation.
    E) maturation.

 9. Puberty is most closely related to the onset of:
    A) menopause.
    B) menarche.
    C) crystallized intelligence.
    D) conventional morality.
    E) dementia.

10. Fred has no meaningful occupational goals and has switched college majors several times.
    Erikson would have suggested that Fred lacks:
    A) identity.
    B) initiative.
    C) trust.
    D) autonomy.
    E) competence.

11. For Regis to think it's wrong to drive over the speed limit simply because he might get punished
    for doing so is demonstrating Kohlberg's ________ stage of morality.
    A) conventional
    B) postconventional
    C) preconventional
    D) preoperational
    E) formal operational

12. According to Kohlberg, morality based on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of
    concrete rewards represents a(n) ________ morality.
    A) egocentric
    B) conventional
    C) preconventional
    D) concrete operational
    E) postconventional




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13. In order to qualify for the office manager's job, 55-year-old Mariel's must take a series of
    psychological tests. Her performance on the test of ________ is likely to be poorer than if she
    had taken it as a 25-year-old.
    A) general knowledge
    B) spelling
    C) abstract reasoning
    D) vocabulary
    E) verbal comprehension

14. Adjusting current schemas to make sense of new information is called:
    A) habituation.
    B) accommodation.
    C) egocentrism.
    D) assimilation.
    E) maturation.

15. Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a blanket. This suggests that
    Lisa has developed a sense of:
    A) egocentrism.
    B) object permanence.
    C) conservation.
    D) accommodation.
    E) secure attachment.

16. The principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite
    changes in the forms of objects is called:
    A) perceptual constancy.
    B) object equivalence.
    C) conservation.
    D) object permanence.
    E) accommodation.

17. Mrs. Pearson cut Judy's hot dog into eight pieces and Sylvia's into six pieces. Sylvia cried
    because she felt she wasn't getting as much hot dog as Judy. Piaget would say that Sylvia doesn't
    understand the principle of:
    A) object permanence.
    B) conservation.
    C) assimilation.
    D) egocentrism.
    E) accommodation.

18. Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short, wide glass contains less soda than her
    brother's tall, narrow glass. Actually, both glasses contain the same amount of soda. This
    illustrates that Tammy lacks the concept of:
    A) conservation.
    B) egocentrism.
    C) assimilation.
    D) object permanence.
    E) accommodation.




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19. Providing children with a safe haven in times of stress contributes most directly to:
    A) habituation.
    B) stranger anxiety.
    C) object permanence.
    D) secure attachment.
    E) egocentrism.

20. As adults age, they show the greatest declines in:
    A) fluid intelligence and in the memory capacities needed to recognize recently presented
        information.
    B) fluid intelligence and in the memory capacities needed to recall recently presented
        information.
    C) crystallized intelligence and in the memory capacities needed to recognize recently
        presented information.
    D) crystallized intelligence and in the memory capacities needed to recall recently presented
        information.
    E) crystallized intelligence and in the memory capacities needed to recall long term memories
        only.

21. According to Piaget, egocentrism is to conservation as the ________ stage is to the ________
    stage.
    A) preoperational; sensorimotor
    B) concrete operational; preoperational
    C) sensorimotor; preoperational
    D) concrete operational; formal operational
    E) preoperational; concrete operational

22. The rooting reflex refers to a baby's tendency to:
    A) withdraw a limb to escape pain.
    B) turn the head away from a cloth placed over the face.
    C) open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek.
    D) be startled by a loud noise.
    E) look longer at human faces than at inanimate objects.

23. Although Mr. Tong was obviously busy reading an absorbing novel, his 5-year-old daughter
    kept interrupting him with comments and questions about the TV cartoons she was watching.
    Before Mr. Tong becomes irritated with his daughter for being inconsiderate, he should be
    alerted to Piaget's concept of:
    A) object permanence.
    B) habituation.
    C) conservation.
    D) egocentrism.
    E) accommodation.




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24. A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every 3 years as they
    progress through school is conducting a(n) ________ study.
    A) longitudinal
    B) experimental
    C) cross-sectional
    D) chronological
    E) correlational

25. Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be:
    A) authoritarian.
    B) conservative.
    C) egocentric.
    D) permissive.
    E) authoritative.

26. Eighteen-month-old Justin follows his mother around the house, clinging tightly to her when he
    is frightened. This best illustrates:
    A) object permanence.
    B) attachment behavior.
    C) stranger anxiety.
    D) the rooting reflex.
    E) habituation.

27. Piaget is best known for his interest in the process of ________ development.
    A) motor
    B) social
    C) cognitive
    D) emotional
    E) physical

28. Fourteen-year-old Lisa was asked, “What would happen if everyone in the world suddenly went
    blind?” She responded, “Those who had previously been blind would become leaders.” Lisa's
    answer indicates she is in the ________ stage of development.
    A) concrete operational
    B) preconventional
    C) postconventional
    D) formal operational
    E) preoperational

29. Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
    A) preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor
    B) sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational
    C) sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
    D) preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational
    E) concrete operational, sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational




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30. Aaron cried when his mother left him in the infant nursery at church, and he was not reassured
    or comforted by her return a short while later. Aaron showed signs of:
    A) egocentrism.
    B) habituation.
    C) conservation.
    D) assimilation.
    E) insecure attachment.

31. Research on the elderly has shown that:
    A) they grow increasingly fearful of death.
    B) they become increasingly prone to car accidents.
    C) most eventually develop dementia.
    D) they experience less life satisfaction than younger adults.
    E) their fluid intelligence increases as they get older.

32. Crystallized intelligence refers most directly to a person's:
    A) accumulated knowledge and verbal skills.
    B) ability to reason speedily and abstractly.
    C) ability to assume the perspective of others.
    D) willingness to revise beliefs in light of new information.
    E) ability to master new information and to learn new skills.

33. Even though Alicia was busy playing when her mother came to pick her up from her babysitter,
    she quickly ran to her mother, gesturing to be held. Alicia most clearly showed signs of:
    A) conservation.
    B) stranger anxiety.
    C) habituation.
    D) egocentrism.
    E) secure attachment.

34. “I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!” This
    statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style.
    A) preconventional
    B) authoritative
    C) formal operational
    D) authoritarian
    E) permissive

35. Despite huge legal costs and social disapproval, Mr. Lambers refuses to pay income taxes
    because his conscience will not allow him to support a government that spends billions of
    dollars on military weapons. Mr. Lambers' reasoning best illustrates Kohlberg's ________ stage.
    A) postconventional
    B) concrete operational
    C) preconventional
    D) egocentric
    E) conventional




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36. Biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience and that enable
    orderly changes in behavior are referred to as:
    A) continuity.
    B) imprinting.
    C) generativity.
    D) maturation.
    E) attachment.

37. One-year-old Eunice is not overly fearful of strangers but she clearly prefers being held by her
    mother than by anyone else. Her behavior best illustrates:
    A) habituation.
    B) the rooting reflex.
    C) secure attachment.
    D) conservation.
    E) egocentrism.

38. According to Piaget's theory, during the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to
    demonstrate:
    A) object permanence.
    B) comprehension of mathematical transformations.
    C) evidence of assimilation and accommodation.
    D) the ability to think hypothetically.
    E) any evidence of logic.

39. If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the
    fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a(n):
    A) FAS.
    B) form of DNA.
    C) depressant.
    D) teratogen.
    E) neurotransmitter.

40. During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organism begins as a(n):
    A) embryo and finally develops into a zygote.
    B) zygote and finally develops into an embryo.
    C) embryo and finally develops into a fetus.
    D) zygote and finally develops into a fetus.
    E) fetus and finally develops into an embryo.




                                               Page 7
Answer Key

    1.   A
    2.   A
    3.   C
    4.   C
    5.   D
    6.   C
    7.   B
    8.   A
    9.   B
   10.   A
   11.   C
   12.   C
   13.   C
   14.   B
   15.   B
   16.   C
   17.   B
   18.   A
   19.   D
   20.   B
   21.   E
   22.   C
   23.   D
   24.   A
   25.   E
   26.   B
   27.   C
   28.   D
   29.   C
   30.   E
   31.   B
   32.   A
   33.   E
   34.   D
   35.   A
   36.   D
   37.   C
   38.   D
   39.   D
   40.   D




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Name: _____________________________________________   Date: _____________________

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